Search

The poem "Don't Forget These Moments, Though They May Bury Us," by C. M. Foltz. First Line: Don't forget these moments, though they may bury us--Last Line: And the whiteness of water foams remain, those voices speaking to us.

Quantum state teleportation is commonly used in designs for large-scale quantum computers. Using Quantinuum's H2 trapped-ion quantum processor, we demonstrate fault-tolerant state teleportation circuits for a quantum error correction code-specifically the Steane code. The circuits use up to 30 qubits at the physical level and employ real-time quantum error correction. We conducted experiments on several variations of logical teleportation circuits using both transversal gates and lattice surgery. We measured the logical process fidelity to be 0.975 ± 0.002 for the transversal teleportation implementation and 0.851 ± 0.009 for the lattice surgery teleportation implementation as well as 0.989 ± 0.002 for an implementation of Knill-style quantum error correction.

The dry mass and the orientation of biomolecules can be imaged without a label by measuring their permittivity tensor (PT), which describes how biomolecules affect the phase and polarization of light. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging of PT has been challenging. We present a label-free computational microscopy technique, PT imaging (PTI), for the 3D measurement of PT. PTI encodes the invisible PT into images using oblique illumination, polarization-sensitive detection and volumetric sampling. PT is decoded from the data with a vectorial imaging model and a multi-channel inverse algorithm, assuming uniaxial symmetry in each voxel. We demonstrate high-resolution imaging of PT of isotropic beads, anisotropic glass targets, mouse brain tissue, infected cells and histology slides. PTI outperforms previous label-free imaging techniques such as vector tomography, ptychography and light-field imaging in resolving the 3D orientation and symmetry of organelles, cells and tissue. We provide open-source software and modular hardware to enable the adoption of the method., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In the coming decade, Europe will dedicate billions of euros to the necessary research and innovation (R&I) to support a transition to safe and sustainable food systems. EU Agencies, individually and even more so collectively, can make a difference in supporting the European research agenda. EU Agencies are knowledge centres, bringing together know-how to inform policy makers. EU Agencies that have traditionally dealt with aspects of human health, animal health, plant health and ecosystem health in silos, now need to take a broader perspective and move towards a One Health (OH) approach. In this paper, the authors highlight the need for more transdisciplinary cooperation in support of the One Health approach, identify challenges in strengthening interagency cooperation and provide recommendations to address them. EU Agencies are natural bridges between the scientific community and policy-makers and need to dedicate time and effort in fostering this dialogue, e.g. by engaging with relevant initiatives, research projects and European Partnerships. Research generates evidence that can be used also for regulatory science, in support of policy-making. It is urgent to define transdisciplinary research needs and formulate a One Health research agenda. This would be facilitated by establishing transdisciplinary One Health Research & Innovation governance, both at national and EU levels. Ongoing large initiatives, such as the One Health European Joint Programme, have demonstrated that active dialogue with national ministries and EU agencies is beneficial for all parties. Involvement of EU Agencies in the programming of the EU Research Framework programmes is beneficial, because of their regulatory science perspective, their expertise and current or future tasks on research topics. It is timely for EU Agencies to demonstrate leadership in moving the One Health agenda forward and it is encouraging that EU Agencies have committed to establish a cross-agency task force on One Health., Competing Interests: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Pikka Jokelainen is part of the 10.13039/100006163Project Management Team of One Health European Joint Programme, which is supported by funding from the 10.13039/100010661European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 773830., (© 2022 The Authors.)

Background: Blood conservation and reduction in the need for allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) has been a subject of importance in total hip arthroplasty. There are a number of well-recognized parameters that influence blood loss during total hip arthroplasty (THA). The role of surgical approach on blood loss and the rate of ABT during THA is not well studied. The hypothesis of this study was that blood loss and the need for ABT is lower with direct anterior (DA) approach., Methods: In a case-control retrospective cohort study, we analyzed 1,524 primary THAs performed at a single institution by seven fellowship-trained surgeons between January 2015 to March 2017. All patients received THA using either the modified direct lateral (DL) or direct anterior (DA) approach using a standard operating table. The overall ABT rate was 10.2% (155/1,524) in the cohort. Demographic, surgical, and postoperative data were extracted and analyzed. Logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for transfusion., Results: Higher preoperative hemoglobin (p<0.001), use of DA approach (p<0.016) and administration of tranexamic acid TXA, (p=0.024) were identified as independent factors which reduced the odds of ABT. Operative time (p<0.001) was associated with an increased odd of ABT, while age, BMI and type of anesthesia were not statistically significant., Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, direct anterior approach for THA appears to be protective against blood loss and reduced ABT rate, when controlling for confounding variables.

Background: Stress and depression are risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exacerbations. It is unknown if resilience, or one's ability to recover from adversity, impacts disease course. The aim of this study was to examine the association between resilience and IBD disease activity, quality of life (QoL), and IBD-related surgeries., Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of IBD patients at an academic center. Patients completed the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale questionnaire, which measures resilience (high resilience score ≥ 35). The primary outcome was IBD disease activity, measured by Mayo score and Harvey-Bradshaw Index (HBI). The QoL and IBD-related surgeries were also assessed. Multivariate linear regression was conducted to assess the association of high resilience with disease activity and QoL., Results: Our patient sample comprised 92 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 137 patients with Crohn disease (CD). High resilience was noted in 27% of patients with UC and 21.5% of patients with CD. Among patients with UC, those with high resilience had a mean Mayo score of 1.54, and those with low resilience had a mean Mayo score of 4.31, P < 0.001. Among patients with CD, those with high resilience had a mean HBI of 2.31, and those with low resilience had a mean HBI of 3.95, P = 0.035. In multivariable analysis, high resilience was independently associated with lower disease activity in both UC (P < 0.001) and CD (P = 0.037) and with higher QoL (P = 0.016). High resilience was also associated with fewer surgeries (P = 0.001) among patients with CD., Conclusions: High resilience was independently associated with lower disease activity and better QoL in patients with IBD and fewer IBD surgeries in patients with CD. These findings suggest that resilience may be a modifiable factor that can risk-stratify patients with IBD prone to poor outcomes., (© 2020 Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Opioids are used for pain control after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and carry risk for abuse. Mandatory statewide databases have been created to monitor their use. The goal of this study was to identify patient risk factors for prolonged opioid use after TKA. The authors retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 676 primary TKA procedures performed between January 2017 and July 2017. Information on fulfillment of narcotic, sedative, benzodiazepine, and stimulant prescriptions was obtained from the Pennsylvania State Controlled Substance Monitoring website 6 months before and 1 year after the procedure. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to identify risk factors for the need for a second prescription and opioid use for longer than 6 months. Of this cohort, 30.3% used preoperative opioids, 60.5% filled a second opioid prescription, and 11.8% continued opioid use for longer than 6 months. Patients who had opioid use before the index procedure had more than 3-fold (odds ratio [OR], 3.29; P<.001) increased odds of filling a second opioid prescription and 8-fold (OR, 8.05; P<.001) increased odds of postoperative opioid use for longer than 6 months. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for requiring a second prescription, including discharge to a rehabilitation facility (OR, 2.77), bilateral procedures (OR, 1.88), preoperative narcotic use (OR, 1.70), and younger age (OR, 0.95). Independent risk factors for narcotic use for longer than 6 months included preoperative sedative (OR, 3.30) or narcotic use (OR, 1.49). This study identified several risk factors associated with prolonged narcotic use after TKA, including preoperative sedative use, and determined their relative weight. [Orthopedics. 2021;44(1):e50-e54.]., (Copyright 2020, SLACK Incorporated.)

Introduction: Opioids remain the most prescribed medication after total hip arthroplasty (THA) despite the potential for abuse and adverse effects. Given the high rates of opioid abuse and potential adverse effects, the reporting of controlled substances is now mandatory in many statewide databases. This study aimed to use a mandatory statewide database to analyze opioid prescription patterns in postoperative THA patients and identify independent risk factors for those patients who need a second prescription and/or require prolonged use (>6 months)., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 619 primary THAs. Demographic and comorbidity information were collected for all patients. Narcotic prescription data (converted to morphine milligram equivalents) as well as prescription data for sedatives, benzodiazepines, and stimulants were collected from the State's Controlled Substance Monitoring websites 6 months before and 9 months after the index procedure. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were done for second prescription and continued use., Results: Of the 619 patients who underwent THA, 34.9% (216/619) used preoperative opioids, 36.2% (224/619) filled a second opioid prescription, and 10.5% (65/619) had continued use past 6 months. Patients with preoperative opioids were at an approximately 4-fold increased odds of requiring a second script and 12 times odds of continued opioid use. In the multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for requiring a second prescription, in descending order of magnitude, included the use of any sedative or sleep aid prescription and preoperative narcotic use. Independent risk factors for continued narcotic use longer than 6 months after THA included preoperative narcotic use and increased length of stay., Discussion: Several risk factors and their relative weight have been identified for continued narcotic consumption after THA. It is important for surgeons to consider these predisposing factors preoperatively during the informed consent process and for managing postoperative pain expectations.

Background: Total knee arthroplasty revision (TKRev) can be performed to treat chronic arthrofibrosis. Low-dose irradiation may decrease fibro-osseous proliferation of soft tissue; therefore, it may be effective at increasing range of motion (ROM) after TKRev. Our hypothesis is that low-dose radiation administered in the immediate postoperative period leads to increased ROM after TKRev for arthrofibrosis., Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted from 2008-2015 on 26 patients who underwent TKRev for treating chronic arthrofibrosis. Fifteen patients (XRT group) received 800 cGy radiation within 48 hours after TKRev and 11 patients (CTL group) did not. Measurements of extension, flexion, and total arc of ROM were performed preoperatively and at one, six, and 12 months postoperatively., Results: ROM improved from 14.3° extension, 69.0° flexion, and 54.7° total ROM preoperatively, to 3.3° extension, 94.0° flexion, and 90.7° total ROM postoperatively in the XRT group. ROM improved from 18.6° extension, 85.9° flexion, and 67.3° total ROM preoperatively to 4.1° extension, 102.5° flexion, and 98.5° total ROM postoperatively in the CTL group. The 1-year overall improvement in extension (12.5°), flexion (21.4°), and total ROM (33.9°) vs preoperative ROM was significant for all measurements (p < 0.001). The 8.4° improvement in flexion (25.0° vs 16.6°, p = 0.10) in the XRT group vs the CTL group approached, but did not reach significance., Conclusions: TKRev for arthrofibrosis showed significant improvement in extension, flexion, and total ROM at one year. The use of low dose irradiation showed promise with improved flexion, but the result did not reach statistical significance in this small sample of patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors do not have any conflicts of interest related to the study., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Returning to work after surgery is a primary concern of patients who are contemplating total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The ability to return to work has enormous influence on the patient's independence, financial well-being, and daily activities. The goal of this study was to determine the independent patient variables that predict return to work as well as to create a predictive model. From June 2017 to December 2017, a total of 391 patients who underwent primary TJA (243 hips, 148 knees) were prospectively enrolled in the study to obtain information on return to work after surgery. Patients were sent a series of questions in a biweekly survey. Information was collected on the physical demands of their occupation, the number of hours spent standing, the limitations to return to work, and the use of assistive devices. Bivariate analysis was performed, and a multiple linear regression model was created. Most (89.6%) patients returned to work within 12 weeks of surgery. Patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty returned to work earlier than those who underwent total knee arthroplasty (5.56 vs 7.79 weeks, respectively). Analysis showed the following independent predictors for faster return to work: self-employment, availability of light-duty work, male sex, and higher income. Predictors for slower return to work included a physically demanding occupation (at least 50% physical duties), knee arthroplasty, longer length of stay, and a job requiring more hours spent standing. This model reported an adjusted R 2 of 0.332. The findings provide an objective predictive model of the patient- and procedure-specific characteristics that affect postoperative return to work. Surgeons should consider these factors when counseling patients on their postoperative expectations. [Orthopedics. 2020;43(5):e415-e420.]., (Copyright 2020, SLACK Incorporated.)

Introduction: A common question by patients considering total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is when can I return to driving. The ability to return to driving has enormous effect on the independence of the patient, ability to return to work, and other activities of daily living. With advances in accelerated rehabilitation protocols, newer studies have questioned the classic teaching of waiting 6 weeks after TJA. The goal of this prospective study was to determine specific patient predictors for return to driving and create individualized models able to estimate return to driving based on patient risk factors for both total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA)., Methods: From July 2017 to January 2018, 554 primary TKA and 490 primary THA patients were prospectively enrolled to obtain information regarding return to driving. Patients were sent a survey every 2 weeks regarding their return to driving. Additional information regarding vehicle type, transmission, and involvement in motor vehicle accidents was collected. Bivariate analysis was done followed by the creation of a multiple linear regression models to analyze return to driving after TKA and THA., Results: The majority (98.2%, 1,025/1,044) of patients returned to driving within 12 weeks of surgery. On average, patients returned to driving at 4.4 and 3.7 weeks for TKA and THA (P < 0.001), respectively. The rate of motor vehicle accidents was 0.7% (7/1,044) within 12 weeks after surgery with no injuries reported. After multivariate analysis, baseline return to driving began at 10.9 days for TKA and 17.1 days for THA. The following predictors added additional time to return to driving for TJA: not feeling safe to drive, limited range of motion, female sex, limitations due to pain, other limitations, discharge to a rehabilitation facility, right-sided procedures, limited ability to break, preoperative anemia, and preoperative use of a cane., Discussion: Important predictors identified for return to driving were sex, joint laterality, limited ability to walk or ability to break, and feeling safe. Surgeons should consider these factors when counseling patients on their postoperative expectations regarding driving after TJA.

Background: Male patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty have a higher risk of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) compared with female patients. The exact reason for this finding is not well known. This study aimed to determine if patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are at increased risk of PJI., Methods: A total of 12,902 male patients who underwent primary or revision total joint arthroplasty from January 2006 to April 2017 were retrospectively identified. The mean patient age was 62.47 years and the mean patient body mass index was 30.1 kg/m. The majority of patients were Caucasian or African American. Most surgical procedures involved the hip joints (57.8%) and were primary arthroplasties (86%). Of these patients, 386 (3%) had symptomatic BPH. Among this group, 250 patients with symptomatic BPH were identified and were matched in an approximate 1:3 ratio with 708 control patients. Using the International Consensus Meeting criteria, patients who developed PJI were identified., Results: The PJI rate was 7.9% in the symptomatic BPH group and 2.8% in the control group. Multivariate regression analysis in unmatched groups showed that symptomatic BPH was a strong independent risk factor for PJI. After matching for variables related to outcomes, symptomatic BPH remained a significant risk factor for PJI (p = 0.01)., Conclusions: Patients with symptomatic BPH had a higher risk of PJI compared with the control patients. This may partly explain the higher rate of PJI that is seen in male patients., Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.