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Apresenta as alteracoes da mesofauna do solo causadas pelo uso de cobertura com plantas leguminosas; Indigofera tinctoria (indigofera), Flemingia macrophylla (flemingia), Mucuna cochinchinensis (mucuna) e Desmodium ovalifolium (desmodio), comparados com uma testemunha. Apos quatorze meses, observou-se que (1) houve uma recolonizacao relativamente rapida da fauna do solo sob as coberturas com leguminosas, as quais formam uma camada espessa de folhas mortas, com varios estratos, com materia organica fresca e em decomposicao, oferecendo condicoes de abrigar uma fauna mais diversificada; (2) os grupos Acari e Collembola predominaram, em numero de individuos por m2, em todos os tratamentos, perfazendo juntos, 85% do total de toda a populacao de artropodes; (3) a cobertura morta efetuada com mucuna e indogofera proporcionou maior diversidade de grupos presentes no solo e maior densidade de individuos, devido a mais rapida disponibilidade de energia fornecida para a fauna; (4) alguns nutrientes, especialmente o nitrogenio, apresentaram correlacao positiva com o numero total de artropodes e, em particular o numero de acaros no solo; (5) flemingia promoveu uma colonizacao bem inferior que as demais coberturas, possivelmente devido a uma decomposicao mais lenta do mulch. Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-28T05:19:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 p.7994.pdf: 8821602 bytes, checksum: 9159d38f5993f9350c8485949710b794 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-04-17

A impermeabilidade do tegumento a agua e aos gases sao causas mais comuns de dormencia em sementes de leguminosas tropicais. Dai surge a necessidade de se conhecer metodos praticos e eficientes para superar a dormencia das sementes dessas especies. Neste enfoque, o presente trabalho, conduzido no Laboratorio de Sementes do Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal da Amazonia Ocidental, teve como objetivo testar metodos de escarificacao de sementes das leguminosas crotalaria (Crotalaria striata Schrank), flemingia (Flemingia macrophylla Merr.), indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria L.) e tefrosia (Tephrosia candida DC.). Foram utilizados os tratamentos acido sulfurico (H2SO4), a 15 minutos; soda caustica a 20% por minutos; imersao em agua a 80C, desligando a fonte de calor em seguida; imersao em agua a temperatura ambiente, por 24 horas e sementes nao tratadas (testemunha). A analise dos dados e a interpretacao dos resultados permitiram concluir que nem sempre o acido sulfurico e o melhor metodo para se escarificar as sementes dessas leguminosas e que a agua a 80C podera ser tao eficiente quanto o acido sulfurico, como tratamento para superar a dormencia das sementes dessas especies. Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-23T05:58:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RevistaUFAMv.3n.11994p.5968.pdf: 5358648 bytes, checksum: 899d1c964d017694d46dba755d2747c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-04-19

Une bonne préparation du sol associée à un choix judicieux de l'espèce ou de la combinaison des espèces de plante de couverture ainsi que des soins suivis apportés à son installation sont les garants d'une bonne longévité de la plante de couverture et de son action positive sur la production du cocotier. Dans ce conseil, on trouvera des données sur : le choix de la plante de couverture, la méthode d'établissement de la plante de couverture classique, la méthode d'établissement de Flemengia, la quantité de graines de couverture et d'engrais nécessaires

Increasing soil organic matter (SOM) is a major factor in overcoming soil degradation. An incubation experiment using 2 soil types (Red Clay and Black Earth) and 2 different rotations, a clover (Trifolium subterraneum)/cereal rotation and a long fallow/cereal rotation, from a long-term crop rotation trial located at Tamworth, NSW, Australia was conducted to investigate the decomposition of 3 different plant materials, medic (Medicago truncatula) (C : N = 13), rice straw (Oryza sativa) (C : N = 25) and flemingia leaf (Flemingia macrophylla) (C : N = 13), labelled with 13C and 15N. A control treatment with no added residue was also included. The impact of the residue decomposition on total organic carbon, labile carbon, total nitrogen, aggregate stability and the formation of large macro-aggregates from smaller macro-aggregates were studied. Total C (CT), stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C), total N (NT), and %15N excess were measured by catalytic combustion and an isotope ratio mass spectrophotometer, while labile C (CL) was determined by oxidation with KMnO4. Aggregate stability [mean weight diameter (MWD)] was determined by immersion wet sieving. Correlations of C fractions with MWD were also investigated. The location of the newly added plant residue materials within soil aggregates was studied using a soil aggregate eroding machine. Loss of C from the added plant residues was highest for the medic and lowest for the flemingia, while the rice straw initially lost C at a slower rate but by 200 days was equal to the medic. The medic treatment was the only residue to lose N by gaseous loss during the experiment and it was all lost during the first 10 days. In both soils, the addition of residues increased CT and CL compared with the control treatment, with flemingia showing the greatest increase. Factors other than their C : N ratio were clearly determining C turnover. Addition of medic residues resulted in a rapid increase in MWD in both soils in the first 10 days compared with that at the commencement of the experiment. However, this was not maintained for the 200 days by which time MWD had decreased, but it was still greater than the starting point. By contrast, the addition of flemingia leaf exhibited a slower but more sustained increase to have the highest MWD at 200 days, equal to that of the medic treatment at 10 days. There was a positive correlation of CL with MWD at 200 days for both soils. Results from the soil aggregate eroding machine showed that a higher percentage of CT was derived from added plant residues in the outer one-third of the soil aggregates than in the inner two-thirds, with the greatest difference being for the flemingia treatment. There was no difference between different residue materials in the amount of CT derived from the added residues in the inner parts of soil aggregates. These results showed that soil macro-aggregates were forming around a central old aggregate by binding of smaller aggregates to it, with products formed as a result of the breakdown of plant residues binding them together. From the results obtained, and those of other researchers, a concept of macro-aggregate formation under different agricultural systems is proposed.

Matching plant residue mineralisation rate to plant nutrient demand is one way of increasing the efficiency of nutrient cycling. A glasshouse experiment was conducted in a Soloth soil with a C4d13 C signature using drained pots to examine the effect on the yield of Japanese millet (Echinochloa frumentocea) and the fate of 15 N, 35 S, and C (using d 13 C shift) from the C 3 plants Flemingia macrophylla, Medicago truncatula hay, and wheat (Triticum aestivum) straw applied at 3 t/ha in the presence of N and NPKS fertiliser. The yield of Japanese millet at 91 days was highest where medic hay had been added (13.7 g/pot) and lowest where wheat straw was used (11.5 g/pot). Recovery of 35 S by the millet was highest in the wheat straw and medic hay treatments (mean 11.5%), whilst recovery of 15 N was highest from medic hay (15.8%). Leaching losses of 35 S were highest in the Flemingia and medic treatments (mean 8.1%), and 15 N loss in leachate was highest in the medic hay treatment (6.6%). A maximum of 1.5% of the C added in residues was recovered in the leachate of the medic hay treatment.

A number of tropical forage legume species were sown in Turrialba., Costa Rica, in plots in the open and under an even cover of Pinus caribaea var hondurensis of basal area 30m2/ha. Mean light level under the trees was 18% full sunlight. After 19 months, species showing good shade tolerance and adaptation to local conditions were: Centrosema spp., Desmodium spp., Flemingia congesta, Galactia striata. Species of poor performance in the shade were: Stylosanthes spp., Indigofera hirsuta, Cajanus cajan, Stilozobium sp.. Canavalia ensiformis, an annual, grew well in the shade, as did Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata. It is suggested that further work be done on the shade tolerant species for eventual use as components of silvopastoral systems. Recommendations are made concerning germplasm collections, evaluation methodology and research for silvopasture development.

Dry matter yield and potential contribution of N, P and K of some woody perennials as well as performance of maize were assessed in an alley cropping system at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Nigeria. Dry matter yield was highest forCassia, followed byGliricidia and theFlemingia. Whereas dry matter yields ofCassia varied significantly at the various pruning times, those ofGliricidia andFlemingia were relatively uniform.Gliricidia contributed the highest amount of N from the cutback (first pruning) and three subsequent prunings. Dry wood yield at cutback was 14.5, 6.8 and 29.7 tonnes/ha forGliricidia, Flemingia andCassia respectively. Coppicing rate was faster inGliricidia thanFlemingia andCassia. Maize height, stover and cob weights were reduced though insignificantly, for the maize rows close to the shrub hedgerows compared to those in the middle of the alleys. For the plots without N application and prunings removed, the maize near the hedgerows showed better performance than those in the middle of the alleys. The results indicate that N supplementation is needed in the alley cropping systems to optimize yield. The amount of N required is higher inFlemingia alleys than forGliricidia andCassia. Root growth of maize was found to be restricted in control plots without hedges; uptake of the major nutrients (N, P and K) was also found to be similarly affected in those plots.

Two new genera of phosphatic bradoriids are described from the insoluble residues of Middle Cambrian limestones from two sites in the Georgina Basin: Flemingia gen. nov. from south of Duchess in the late Templetonian Triplagnostus gibbus Zone in the Monastery Creek Phosphorite Member of the Beetle Creek Formation; and Oepikaluta gen. nov. from northwest of Mount Isa in the Thorntonia area in the upper (Undillan) part of the Currant Bush Limestone. The Templetonian bradoriids include five species previously described and named by Fleming (1973), the new taxa Flemingia duo gen. et sp. nov. and Dielymella? dubia sp. nov., and unnamed species belonging to Svealuta Opik 1961 and possibly Aristaluta Opik 1961. They appear to be part of the biocoenosis of the quiet inner margins of an ancient Bahama Banks type environment. Two new families are proposed within the suborder Phosphatocopina Muller 1964 — Oepikalutidae for Zepaera Fleming and the new genera Oepikaluta and Flemingia, and Monasteriidae for Monasterium...

Decomposition of prunings and weed monitoring studies were conducted in a field under alley cropping with hedgerows ofCassia Siamea, Flemingia Congesta andGliricidia Sepium, at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Decomposition of cutbacks and subsequent prunings ranged from 2.7 to 5.8% dry matter loss per week and the order was: gliricidia > flemingia > cassia for the cutbacks, and gliricidia > cassia > flemingia for the prunings. In 120 days, gliricidia cutbacks released 71% of the total N required by maize, flemingia, 26%, and cassia 77%. It appeared possible to supply the 29% N deficit in the gliricidia plots from a second pruning at about 66 days after planting (DAP) of maize. In the case of flemingia and cassia, external sources of N would be needed. During the fallow period, weed control was most effective under cassia, followed by gliricidia and flemingia, and during the cropping period, cassia mulch still maintained a fairly good weed control.

Summary Parasponia andersonii was nodulated by thirty four of thirty nine slow-growing rhizobia isolated from tropical legumes and by R. japonicum and JR. lupini. The nitrogenase activity of nodulated plants within a rhizobial treatment varied widely. Effective associations were obtained with some but not all isolates from Cajanus cajan, Centrosema pubescens, Crotalaria anagyroides, Flemingia congesta, Inocarpus fragiferum, Macroptilium lathyroides, Phaseolus calcaratus, Stizolobium deeringianum and Stylosanthes gracilis. Little or no nitrogen was fixed with rhizobia from Albizia stipulata, Cassia mimosoides, Desmodium microphyllum, Pterocarpus indicus, Uraria lagopoides, and the wide-host range cowpea Rhizobium strain CB 756. Fast-growing rhizobia from Leucaena leucocephala, Mimosa invisa, M. pudica, Sesbania grandiflora and Lablab pur-pur eus nodulated Parasponia with a low level of nitrogen fixation. Isolates from Parasponia failed to nodulate most of the legumes usually nodulated by slow-growing rhizobia and when tropical legumes were nodulated, the association was either partially effective or ineffective; only isolate CP 283 was highly effective and promiscuous. Hosts normally nodulated with fast-growing rhizobia, including Leucaena and Mimosa were not nodulated with isolates from Parasponia. It was concluded that the Parasponia-Rhizobium symbiosis is best located in the ‘cowpea miscellany’.

From the whole plant of Flemingia chappar Ham, two crystalline chalcones have been isolated. The major one has been characterised as 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone (II) and the structure of the minor one, a new naturally occurring chalcone named flemichapparin, has been established as 2′,4′-dihydroxy-5′-methoxychalcone (VI) from spectral, chemical and synthetic evidence.

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2-Methyl-2-(4′-methylpent-3′-enyl)-5,8-dihydroxy-6-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-chromene (flemingin- D ) has been isolated from inflorescences of Flemingia congesta , together with the known flemingin- C and two other chalcones. These (flemingin- E and - F ) are allylic alcohols which differ from flemingin- D by an additional OH group in the side chain. Photooxidation of model 2-methyl-2-(4′-methylpent-3′-enyl)-chromenes gave pairs of allylic alcohols with the same structural feature. The known flemingin- A , - B , - C and homoflemingins have been isolated from F. grahamiana , and another new chalcone from F. bracteata .

Flemichapparin-B, a new naturally occurring pterocarpan, and flemichapparin-C, a new coumestan, isolated from the roots of Flemingia chappar (Leguminosae; Lotoideae) have been shown to be 6a,11a-dehydropterocarpan (IV) and 7-O-methylmedicagol (V) respectively.

The contribution of the leguminous hedgerow trees Flemingia congesta and mixed Gliricidia sepium - Peltophorum dasyrrachis established on an Ultisol (Grossarenic Kandiudult) in Northern Lampung, Sumatra (Indonesia) to the N economy of the hedgerow intercropping system was assessed. N2 fixation estimates of hedgerow trees over a two year period after establishment were obtained by the 15N dilution method using Peltophorum dasyrrachis as the non-fixing reference plant. Average yearly tree pruning dry matter and total N yields of the two hedgerow systems were not significantly different although seasonal differences occurred. Gliricidia obtained a larger (average 51%) proportion of its N from N2 fixation than Flemingia (average 25%) the effect being consistent over the two years. Seasonal variation in the % N derived from N2 fixation was associated with changes in soil mineral N availability. The amount of N2 fixed was not significantly different between the two N fixing trees (26 vs. 35 kg N ha-1 yr-1 respectively). This was due to the higher total N yield of Flemingia compared to Gliricidia compensating for the smaller proportion of N derived from N2 fixation. The amount of tree soil N uptake was similar for the two hedgerow systems suggesting that the higher proportion of N derived from N2 fixation in Gliricidia was probably due to competition for soil mineral N by the associated non-fixing Peltophorum . Rapid temporal and spatial decline in plant available 15N occurred suggesting that matching of fixing and non-fixing reference plants is important. Compared with estimates of N2 fixation obtained by the natural abundance method the 15N dilution method overestimated N2 fixation by the tree legumes (an average of up to 18%), however the difference between the two fixing legume trees was maintained. N balance estimates suggested that N2 fixation inputs of alley trees were sufficient to sustain moderate crop yields but for higher food crop yields, N2 fixing leguminous crops would have to be included to balance N off-take.

Estudo dos efeitos da introducao de leguminosas de cobertura em plantios comerciais de guarana (Paullinia cupana var. sorbilis) sobre a cobertura do solo, o controle de invasoras, a ciclagem de nutrientes, as caracteristicas fisico-quimicas do solo, a fauna edafica e o desenvolvimento do guarana, em Manaus (AM). Os tratamentos constaram de cinco coberturas: vegetacao natural, indigofera (Indigofera tinctoria L.), flemingia (Flemingia congesta (Roxb) var. semialata (Roxb) Bak.), mucuna (Mucuna cochinchinensis) e desmodio (Desmodium ovalifolium (Wall. ex Merr.) CIAT 350), em blocos (split block), com quatro repeticoes, utilizando tres clones de guarana, com e sem "mulch". Mucuna e indigofera estabeleceram-se mais rapidamente, e, aos quatro meses, chegavam a cobrir todo o solo, controlando muito bem as invasoras, porem nao resistiram aos cortes frequentes. Flemingia e desmodio, com desenvolvimento inicial lento, apresentaram resistencia a cortes frequentes e boa capacidade de rebrota; apos o segundo corte cobriram completamente o solo, controlaram as invasoras, proporcionaram menores temperaturas na camada superficial do solo, aumento nos teores de agua disponivel no solo, menores densidades aparentes e melhoria na agregacao das particulas do solo, por incorporar de grandes quantidades de materia organica, proporcionando bom desenvolvimento do sistema radicular do guaranazeiro; produziram em torno de 11t/ha de materia seca, em dois cortes, reciclando grandes quantidades de nutrientes, especialmente N e K. A grande quantidade de materia organica incorporada por estas duas leguminosas no solo serviram de fonte inicial de C e nutrientes, ajudando o estabelecimento da biota no solo; quando comparadas com a cobertura natural, proporcionaram uma rapida recolonizacao no solo, maior diversidade de grupos e aumento no numero de individuos dos grupos predominantes (acari e Collembola). Cobertura natural, flemingia e desmodio, por apresentarem desenvolvimento inicial lento, nao competiram por luz e agua com as plantas de guarana, o que proporcionou, a estas, maior acumulo de materia seca e nutrientes. Os efeitos do "mulch" seguiram a mesma tendencia das verificadas com as leguminosas, pela incorporacao de material organico ao solo, melhorando as propriedades fisicas (temperatura, agua disponivel, densidade e agregados) e biologicas do solo e algumas propriedades quimicas (diminuicao do teor de Al e aumento de teores de K, Ca, Mg, Zn, N e C). Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-21T00:45:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IMPORTANCIAECOLOGICA....pdf: 45587215 bytes, checksum: 5a7ca0c3f263e124105f996fd25af8b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-06-08 Tese Doutorado.

Crotalaria usaramoensis, Flemingia congesta et Stylosanthes gracilis ont une action améliorante sur culture d'ananas. Les augmentations de rendements sont liées à une diminution des populations de Pratylenchus brachyrus dans les racines des ananas

De nombreuses espèces de légumineuses tropicales ont été observées en collection et testées pour le rendement, aux Antilles, dans le but de trouver des espèces bien adaptées et susceptibles de combler le déficit protéinique de l'alimentation animale.[br/] Les résultats obtenus sont très dépendants des sols et des variations climatiques. Les espèces les plus intéressantes semblent être cependant Stylosanthes gracilis et certaines espèces de Desmodium et de Vigna.[br/] Il a été possible de définir, pour ces espèces intéressantes, les techniques culturales les plus favorables et, en particulier, le rythme d'exploitation le mieux adapté pour obtenir un rendement élevé.[br/] On trouvera, dans cet article très dense, de nombreux renseignements sur des espèces peu étudiées jusqu'à présent. Il faut noter, en particulier, les difficultés de germination des Desmodium et Stylosanthes pour lesquels on pourrait envisager une multiplication par bouturage., Numerous species of tropical legumes have been observed in collections and tested for yield in the French West Indies. The aim is to find species well adapted and capable to fill the gap of proteins in animal feeding. The results collected are under the dependence of soils and climatic variations. [br/] Nevertheless, Stylosanthes gracilis and some species of Desmodium and Vigna seem to be among the most interesting.[br/] It was possible to define, for those species, the best cultural practices and management systems to get high yields.[br/] Numerous points of interest are to be found in this very dense paper, about species little studied up to now. Difficulties of germination in Desmodium and Stylosanthes are pointed out, and vegetative multiplication is proposed as a solution for the propagation of those species.