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154. Prosocial Effects of Nonpsychotropic Cannabis sativa in Mice

Author

Mastinu, Andrea, primary, Ascrizzi, Roberta, additional, Ribaudo, Giovanni, additional, Bonini, Sara Anna, additional, Premoli, Marika, additional, Aria, Francesca, additional, Maccarinelli, Giuseppina, additional, Gianoncelli, Alessandra, additional, Flamini, Guido, additional, Pistelli, Luisa, additional, and Memo, Maurizio, additional

Published
2022
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155. Chemical constituents, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of essential oils of Ochna afzelii(R. Br. ex Oliv.)

Author

Adeyemi, Modupe, Ibeh, Edith, Taiwo, Olayombo Margaret, Olaoluwa, Olaoluwa, and Flamini, Guido

Abstract

ABSTRACT     Essential oils (EOs) from Ochna afzeliileaves, stems and roots were extracted and characterised by hydrodistillation and Gas Chromatogragphy-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques, respectively. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH*) method while antibacterial activity was determined using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Leaf, stem, and root oils afforded thirteen, ten and seven compounds, respectively, which were characterized by a high percentage of oxygenated sesquiterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons. The major compound in O. afzeliileaf and root EOs was β-Atlantol, while the O. afzeliistem EO had (E)-β-ionone as its major compound. The leaf oil displayed highest antioxidant activity (IC50 = 238.14 µL/mL). All the EOs showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, with the zones of inhibition and MIC values ranging from 12.0–18.0 mm and 2.5–10 µL/mL, respectively. O. afzeliihas a mild antioxidant effect, but can be a potential source of natural antibacterial agents.

Published
2023
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164. Leaf UV-B Irradiation and Mycorrhizal Symbionts Affect Lettuce VOC Emissions and Defence Mechanisms, but Not Aphid Feeding Preferences.

Author

Zeni, Valeria, Grassi, Arianna, Santin, Marco, Ricciardi, Renato, Pieracci, Ylenia, Flamini, Guido, Di Giovanni, Filippo, Marmugi, Margherita, Agnolucci, Monica, Avio, Luciano, Turrini, Alessandra, Giovannetti, Manuela, Castiglione, Monica Ruffini, Ranieri, Annamaria, Canale, Angelo, Lucchi, Andrea, Agathokleous, Evgenios, and Benelli, Giovanni

Subjects
GREEN peach aphid, APHIDS, VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas, INSECT pests, FUNGAL colonies, LETTUCE
Abstract

Simple Summary: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), as well as ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B), could act as key factors affecting plant–insect interactions. The stress related to one of these two factors could be balanced by the positive effects of the other. In the present work, the feeding preferences of Myzus persicae aphids for lettuce plants exposed to two abiotic factors, i.e., AMF and UV-B, singly or in combination, was evaluated. Results showed that lettuce plants treated with UV-B increased in callose and oxidative stress indicators, signalling an alteration in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted. On the other hand, the negative effects of UV-B were partially mitigated in lettuces inoculated with AMF. Differently treated lettuces did not affect the feeding preferences of the M. persicae aphid population. Overall, this study shed light on how UV-B and AMF impact lettuce VOCs emission and defence mechanisms, but not the feeding behaviour of a polyphagous aphid species. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) play important roles in plant–insect interactions by altering plant physiology and histology. We hypothesized that UV-B-induced oxidative stress was mitigated by AMF symbiosis. In this study, we conducted a multifactorial experiment to explore lettuce plant response to AMF inoculation and UV-B exposure (0.4 W m−2; 16 h d−1; 2 weeks), either together or individually, as well as the interaction with the polyphagous insect pest Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Lettuce plants subjected to UV-B radiation showed an increase in callose and oxidative stress indicators, as well as a decrease in stomatal density. Mycorrhizal colonization cancelled out the effect of UV-B on stomatal density, while the symbiosis was not affected by UV-B treatment. The plant volatile emission was significantly altered by UV-B treatment. Specifically, the non-terpene 1-undecene abundance (+M/+UVB: 48.0 ± 7.78%; −M/+UVB: 56.6 ± 14.90%) was increased, whereas the content of the non-terpene aldehydes decanal (+M/+UVB: 8.50 ± 3.90%; −M/+UVB: 8.0 ± 4.87%) and undecanal (+M/+UVB: 2.1 ± 0.65%; −M/+UVB: 1.20 ± 1.18%) and the sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (+M/+UVB: 18.0 ± 9.62 %; −M/+UVB: 19.2 ± 5.90%) was decreased. Mycorrhization, on the other hand, had no significant effect on the plant volatilome, regardless of UV-B treatment. Aphid population was unaffected by any of the treatments, implying a neutral plant response. Overall, this study provides new insights about the interactions among plants, UV-B, and AMF, outlining their limited impact on a polyphagous insect pest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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172. Chemical Composition and Cytotoxic Activity of Eucalyptus torquata Luehm. and Eucalyptus salmonophloia F. Muell. Trunk Bark Essential Oils against Human SW620 and MDA‐MB‐231 Cancer Cell Lines

Author

Lahmadi, Ghofrane, primary, Lahmar, Aida, additional, Znati, Mansour, additional, Elaieb, Mohamed Tahar, additional, Khouja, Mohamed Larbi, additional, Ascrizzi, Roberta, additional, Flamini, Guido, additional, Harrath, Abdel Halim, additional, Chekir‐Ghedira, Leila, additional, and Jannet, Hichem Ben, additional

Published
2021
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175. Chemical characterization and nutritional quality investigations of healthy extra virgin olive oil flavored with chili pepper

Author

Zellama, Mohamed Salem, primary, Chahdoura, Hassiba, additional, Zairi, Amira, additional, Ziani, Borhane Eddine Cherif, additional, Boujbiha, Mohamed Ali, additional, Snoussi, Mejdi, additional, Ismail, Sara, additional, Flamini, Guido, additional, Mosbah, Habib, additional, Selmi, Boulbaba, additional, El-Bok, Safia, additional, and Chaouachi, Maher, additional

Published
2021
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177. Chemical composition and insecticidal activity of two Eucalyptusessential oils against the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Author

Dhaouadi, Ferjani, Bargougui, Ahlem, Maamer, Safa, Amri, Ismail, Msaad Guerfali, Meriem, Hamrouni, Lamia, Flamini, Guido, and Mejri, Naceur

Abstract

The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann), is the single most important pest species affecting fresh fruit particularly citrus varieties. Over time, pest control approaches have been chronologically associated with procedures more and more friendly to the environment, starting with the use of insecticides, then sterile insecticides and finally plant essential oils as natural sources of pesticides. Essential oils (EO) extracted from leaves of Eucalyptus campaspe(Spencer Moore) and E. torquataLuehm were tested for their toxicity and repellency against C. capitatamedflies. The EOs yields were 3.36% for E. campaspeand 1.83% for E. torquata. The main constituents in E. campaspeEO were 1,8-cineole (34.1%), β-eudesmol (10.4%) and globulol (9.7%), while the major components of E. torquataEO were globulol (42.7%), germacrene B (11.2%), β-eudesmol (6.7%) and viridiflorol (5.3%). In different trials E. campaspeEO showed higher toxic and repellent activities against C. capitataadults than E. torquataL EO. The EO of E. campaspeused as fumigant displayed a much more pronounced repellent and toxic effect on C. capitatathan its formulation in ingestion or contact bioassays. While the EO of E. torquatahad moderate insecticidal activities, E. campaspeEO has a higher inhibitory effect than that of E. torquataon acetylcholinesterase activity. The EOs of E. torquataand E. campaspeappeared to contain components that could serve as a basis for the synthesis of derivatives or analogs useful as pest control agents.

Published
2023
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179. Resilience of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni in the Underwater Biospheres of Nemo's Garden ® : Adaptation to New Cultivation Systems.

Author

Ascrizzi, Roberta, De Leo, Marinella, Pistelli, Laura, Giuliani, Claudia, Pieracci, Ylenia, Ruffoni, Barbara, Mascarello, Carlo, Fico, Gelsomina, Flamini, Guido, and Pistelli, Luisa

Subjects
STEVIA rebaudiana, MICROSCOPY, FLUORESCENCE microscopy, TERPENES, PHENOLS, SCANNING electron microscopy, MONOTERPENES, BIOSPHERE
Abstract

The Nemo's Garden® project is an alternative production system for areas with scarce cultivable land but significant presence of water; thus, it is an interesting intervention to address the climate crisis. This work aimed to evaluate the micromorphological, biochemical, and phytochemical characteristics of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni grown underwater compared to the terrestrial specimens. The micromorphological analyses, performed on the leaves using light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, evidenced a general uniformity of the trichome morphotype and distribution pattern. The histochemical investigation indicated the simultaneous presence of terpenes and polyphenols in the trichome secreted material from the underwater samples and a prevailing polyphenolic content in the terrestrial specimens; this was also confirmed by biochemical analyses (26.6 mg GAE/g DW). The characterization of non-volatile components, performed using HPLC–MS, showed similar chemical profiles in all the samples, which were characterized by phenolic compounds and steviol glycosides. The volatile compounds, evaluated using HS-SPME coupled with GC–MS, showed sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as the main class in all the analyzed samples (80.1–93.9%). However, the control plants were characterized by a higher content of monoterpene hydrocarbons (12.1%). The underwater biosphere environment did not alter S. rebaudiana micro-morphological characters, although slight qualitative changes were evidenced for the compounds produced as a response to the growth conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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180. A new chemotype with high tricyclene content from the essential oil of Salvia aegyptiaca L. growing in Algerian Pre-Sahara.

Author

Smaili, Tahar, Bendif, Hamdi, Zedam, Abdelghani, Flamini, Guido, and Maggi, Filippo

Subjects
ESSENTIAL oils, SALVIA, SOLANUM, LIMONENE, CARYOPHYLLENE, LAMIACEAE
Abstract

The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Salvia aegyptiaca L. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in pre-Saharan region of Algeria, was analysed by GC-MS. Forty-one compounds were detected, representing 87.9% of the whole oil. The essential oil of S. aegyptiaca is characterized by the predominance of monoterpene derivatives (70.6%). The major constituents were tricyclene (22.9%), followed by limonene (17.5%), β-pinene (7.4%), caryophyllene oxide (3.2%) and β-caryophyllene (3.1%). Tricyclene, the main component in our analysis is generally absent in the volatile oils from other Salvia species, therefore, the Algerian accession of S. aegyptiaca may be categorized as a new chemo-type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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