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163. Maßanalyse

Author

Pettinger, A. H., Allen, N., Low, G. W., Righellato, E. C., Mc Eligot, T. F., Bawden, A. T., Dyche, S. K., Bordeianu, C. V., Erdheim, E., Sah, P. P. T., Michiels, L., Tougarinoff, B., Filossofow, A. W., Rubis, A. I., Snethlage, H. C. S., Kolthoff, I. M., Sandell, E. B., Moskovitz, B., Curtis, R. W., Finkelstein, J., Ferrey, G. J. W., Schmid, A., Smith, W. C., Urbanek, L., and Magistad, O. C.

Published
1935
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168. Serotype specific invasive capacity and persistent reduction in invasive pneumococcal disease

Author

Yildirim, I, Hanage, WP, Lipsitch, M, Shea, KM, Stevenson, A, Finkelstein, J, Huang, SS, Lee, GM, Kleinman, K, and Pelton, SI

Abstract

Defining the propensity of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) serotypes to invade sterile body sites following nasopharyngeal (NP) acquisition has the potential to inform about how much invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) may occur in a typical population with a given distribution of carriage serotypes. Data from enhanced surveillance for IPD in Massachusetts children ≤7 years in 2003/04, 2006/07 and 2008/09 seasons and surveillance of SP NP carriage during the corresponding respiratory seasons in 16 Massachusetts communities in 2003/04 and 8 of the 16 communities in both 2006/07 and 2008/09 were used to compute a serotype specific " invasive capacity (IC)" by dividing the incidence of IPD due to serotype x by the carriage prevalence of that same serotype in children of the same age. A total of 206 IPD and 806 NP isolates of SP were collected during the study period. An approximate 50-fold variation in the point estimates between the serotypes having the highest (18C, 33F, 7F, 19A, 3 and 22F) and lowest (6C, 23A, 35F, 11A, 35B, 19F, 15A, and 15BC) IC was observed. Point estimates of IC for most of the common serotypes currently colonizing children in Massachusetts were low and likely explain the continued reduction in IPD from the pre-PCV era in the absence of specific protection against these serotypes. Invasive capacity differs among serotypes and as new pneumococcal conjugate vaccines are introduced, ongoing surveillance will be essential to monitor whether serotypes with high invasive capacity emerge (e.g. 33F, 22F) as successful colonizers resulting in increased IPD incidence due to replacement serotypes. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2010
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170. Unmixing octopus camouflage by multispectral mapping of Octopus bimaculoides’ chromatic elements

Author

Guidetti Giulia, Levy Guy, Matzeu Giusy, Finkelstein Joshua M., Levin Michael, and Omenetto Fiorenzo G.

Subjects
biophotonics, dynamic coloration, multispectral mapping, octopus bimaculoides, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Cephalopods camouflage abilities arise from highly specialized chromatic elements in their skin, chromatophores, iridophores, and leucophores, that enable them to display complex and rapidly changing color patterns. Despite the extensive study of these chromatic elements in squid and cuttlefish, full characterization of their individual optical response is still elusive in the Octopus species. We present here detailed multispectral analysis and mapping of the Octopus bimaculoides skin that allows to precisely identify the spatial distribution of the animal’s pigmented and structural elements. The mutual interaction of chromatophores and iridophores is also characterized both in terms of spectral response and spatial localization. The spectral information obtained through this analysis helps to understand the complexity and behavior of these natural tissues while continuing to serve as an inspiration for the fabrication of advanced, chromatically adaptable materials.

Published
2021
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175. Vitamin B12 status in pregnant women and their infants in South India.

Author

Finkelstein, J L, Kurpad, A V, Thomas, T, Srinivasan, K, and Duggan, C

Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of vitamin B12, VITAMIN deficiency, COMPARATIVE studies, NEWBORN infants, LONGITUDINAL method, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, PREGNANCY complications, DURATION of pregnancy, RESEARCH, VITAMIN B12, EVALUATION research, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, TREATMENT effectiveness, ACYCLIC acids
Abstract

Background/objectives: Vitamin B12 deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes. However, few studies have investigated the burden and determinants of vitamin B12 status in young infants. This study was conducted to determine the associations between maternal and infant vitamin B12 status.Subjects/methods: Pregnant women participating in a vitamin B12 supplementation trial in Bangalore, India, were randomized to receive vitamin B12 (50 μg) or placebo supplementation daily during pregnancy through 6 weeks postpartum. All women received 60 mg of iron and 500 μg of folic acid daily during pregnancy, as per standard of care. This prospective analysis was conducted to determine the associations between maternal vitamin B12 biomarkers (that is, plasma vitamin B12, methylmalonic acid (MMA) and tHcy) during each trimester with infant vitamin B12 status (n=77) at 6 weeks of age.Results: At baseline (⩽14 weeks of gestation), 51% of mothers were vitamin B12 deficient (vitamin B12<150 pmol/l) and 43% had impaired vitamin B12 status (vitamin B12<150 pmol/l and MMA>0.26 μmol/l); 44% of infants were vitamin B12 deficient at 6 weeks of age. After adjusting for vitamin B12 supplementation, higher vitamin B12 concentrations in each trimester were associated with increased infant vitamin B12 concentrations and lower risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in infants (P<0.05). After adjusting for vitamin B12 supplementation, infants born to women with vitamin B12 deficiency had a twofold greater risk of vitamin B12 deficiency (P<0.01). Higher maternal folate concentrations also predicted lower risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in infants (P<0.05). Impaired maternal vitamin B12 status, which combined both circulating and functional biomarkers, was the single best predictor of infant vitamin B12 status.Conclusions: Impaired maternal vitamin B12 status throughout pregnancy predicted higher risk of vitamin B12 deficiency in infants, after adjusting for vitamin B12 supplementation. Future interventions are needed to improve vitamin B12 status periconceptionally, and to ensure optimal vitamin B12 status and health outcomes in pregnant women and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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177. CHAPTER 3: EFFICACY OF IRON-BIOFORTIFIED CROPS.

Author

Boy, E., Haas, J. D., Petry, N., Cercamondi, C. I., Gahutu, J. B., Mehta, S., Finkelstein, J. L., and Hurrell, R. F.

Subjects
CROP improvement, BIOFORTIFICATION
Abstract

Biofortification aims to increase the content of micronutrients in staple crops without sacrificing agronomic yield, making the new varieties attractive to farmers. Food staples that provide a major energy supply in low- and middle-income populations are the primary focus. The low genetic variability of iron in the germplasm of most cereal grains is a major obstacle on the path towards nutritional impact with these crops, which is solvable only by turning to transgenic approaches. However, biofortified varieties of common beans and pearl millet have been developed successfully and made available with iron contents as high as 100 mg/kg and 80 mg/kg, respectively, two to five times greater than the levels in the regular varieties. This brief review summarizes the research to date on the bioavailability and efficacy of iron-biofortified crops, highlights their potential and limitations, and discusses the way forward with multiple biofortified crop approaches suitable for diverse cultures and socio-economic milieu. Like post-harvest iron fortification, these biofortified combinations might provide enough iron to meet the additional iron needs of many iron deficient women and children that are not covered at present by their traditional diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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188. PEDSnet: a National Pediatric Learning Health System

Author

Forrest, C. B., primary, Margolis, P. A., additional, Bailey, L. C., additional, Marsolo, K., additional, Del Beccaro, M. A., additional, Finkelstein, J. A., additional, Milov, D. E., additional, Vieland, V. J., additional, Wolf, B. A., additional, Yu, F. B., additional, and Kahn, M. G., additional

Published
2014
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189. Combined Spine Conference of the Canadian Spine Society New Zealand Orthopaedic Spine Society, Spine Society of Australia: Fairmont Château Lake Louise, Lake, Louise, Alberta, Tuesday, Feb. 25 to Saturday, Mar. 1, 20141.1.01 The use of suspension radiographs to predict LIV tilt.1.1.02 Surgical correction of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis without fusion: an animal model.1.1.03 Are full torso surface topography postural measurements more sensitive to change than back only parameters in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis and a main thoracic curve?1.2.04 Restoration of thoracic kyphosis in adolescent idiopathic kyphosis: comparative radiographic analysis of round versus rail rods.1.2.05 Scoliosis surgery in spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy: Is fusion to the pelvis always necessary? A 4–18-year follow-up study.1.2.06 Identification and validation of pain-related biomarkers surrounding spinal surgery in adolescents.1.3.07 Cervical sagittal deformity develops after PJK in adult throacolumbar deformity correction: radiographic analysis using a novel global sagittal angular parameter, the CTPA.1.3.08 Impact of obesity on complications and patient-reported outcomes in adult spinal deformity surgery.1.3.09 The T1 pelvic angle, a novel radiographic measure of sagittal deformity, accounts for both pelvic retroversion and truncal inclination and correlates strongly with HRQOL.1.4.10 Determining cervical sagittal deformity when it is concurrent with thoracolumbar deformity.1.4.11 The influence of sagittal balance and pelvic parameters on the outcome of surgically treated patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis.1.4.12 Predictors of degenerative spondylolisthesis and loading translation in surgical lumbar spinal stenosis patients.2.1.13 Mechanical allodynia following disc herniation requires intraneural macrophage infiltration and can be blocked by systemic selenium delivery or attenuation of BDNF activity.2.1.14 The effect of alanyl-glutamine on epidural fibrosis in a rat laminectomy model.2.1.15 Anterior lumbar interbody fusion using recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: a prospective study of complications.2.2.16 2-year results of a Canadian, multicentre, blinded, pilot study of a novel peptide in promoting lumbar spine fusion.2.2.17 Comparative outcomes and cost-utility following surgical treatment of focal lumbar spinal stenosis compared with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: long-term change in health-related quality of life.2.2.18 Changes in objectively measured walking performance, function, and pain following surgery for spondylolisthesis and lumbar spinal stenosis.2.3.19 A prospective multicentre observational data-monitored study of minimally invasive fusion to treat degenerative lumbar disorders: complications and outcomes at 1-year follow-up.2.3.20 Assessment and classification of subsidence in lateral interbody fusion using serial computed tomography.2.3.21 Predictors of willingness to undergo spinal and orthopaedic surgery after surgical consultation.2.4.22 Indirect foraminal decompression is independent of facet arthropathy in extreme lateral interbody fusion.2.4.23 Cervical artificial disc replacement with ProDisc-C: clinical and radiographic outcomes with long-term follow-up.2.4.24 Tantalum trabecular metal implants in anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion.3.1.25 Hemangiomas of the spine: results of surgical management and prognostic variables for local recurrence and mortality in a multicentre study.3.1.26 Chondrosarcomas of the spine: prognostic variables for local recurrence and mortality in a multicentre study.3.1.27 Risk factors for recurrence of surgically treated spine schwannomas: analysis of 169 patients from a multicentre international database.3.2.28 Survival pattern and the effect of surgery on health related quality of life and functional outcome in patients with metastatic epidural spinal cord compression from lung cancer — the AOSpine North America prospective multicentre study.3.2.29 A biomechanical assessment of kyphoplasty as a stand-alone treatment in a human cadaveric burst fracture model.3.2.30 What is safer in incompetent vertebrae with posterior wall defects, kyphoplasty or vertebroplasty: a study in vertebral analogs.3.3.31 Feasibility of recruiting subjects for acute spinal cord injury (SCI) clinical trials in Canada.3.3.32 Prospective analysis of adverse events in elderly patients with traumatic spinal cord injury.3.3.33 Does traction before surgery influence time to neural decompression in patients with spinal cord injury?3.4.34 Current treatment of individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury: Do we need age-specific guidelines?3.4.35 Current surgical practice for traumatic spinal cord injury in Canada.3.4.36 The importance of “time to surgery” for traumatic spinal cord injured patients: results from an ambispective Canadian cohort of 949 patients.3.5.37 Assessment of a novel coil-shaped radiofrequency probe in the porcine spine.3.5.38 The effect of norepinephrine and dopamine on cerebrospinal fluid pressure after acute spinal cord injury.3.5.39 The learning curve of pedicle screw placement: How many screws are enough?4.1.40 Preliminary report from the Ontario Inter-professional Spine Assessment and Education Clinics (ISAEC).4.1.41 A surrogate model of the spinal cord complex for simulating bony impingement.4.1.42 Clinical and surgical predictors of specific complications following surgery for the treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy: results from the multicentre, prospective AOSpine international study on 479 patients.4.2.43 Outcomes of surgical management of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: results of the prospective, multicentre, AOSpine international study in 479 patients.4.2.44 A clinical prediction rule for clinical outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy: analysis of an international AOSpine prospective multicentre data set of 757 subjects.4.2.45 The prevalence and impact of low back and leg pain among aging Canadians: a cross-sectional survey.4.3.46 Adjacent segment pathology: Progressive disease course or a product of iatrogenic fusion?4.3.47 Natural history of degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis in patients with spinal stenosis.4.3.48 Changes in self-reported clinical status and health care utilization during wait time for surgical spine consultation: a prospective observational study.4.3.49 The Canadian surgical wait list for lumbar degenerative spinal stenosis has a detrimental effect on patient outcomes.4.3.50 Segmental lordosis is independent of interbody cage position in XLIF.4.3.51 Elevated patient BMI does not negatively affect self-reported outcomes of thoracolumbar surgery.1.5.52 The Spinal Stenosis Pedometer and Nutrition Lifestyle Intervention (SSPANLI): development and pilot.1.5.53 Study evaluating the variability of surgical strategy planning for patients with adult spinal deformity.1.5.54 Atlantoaxial instability in acute odontoid fractures is associated with nonunion and mortality.1.5.55 Peripheral hypersensitivity to subthreshold stimuli persists after resolution of acute experimental disc-herniation neuropathy.1.5.56 Radiation induced lumbar spinal osteonecrosis: case report and literature review.1.5.57 Comparative outcomes and cost-utility following surgical treatment of focal lumbar spinal stenosis compared with osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: Part 2 — estimated lifetime incremental cost-utility ratios.1.5.58 A predictive model of progression for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis based on 3D spine parameters at first visit.1.5.59 Development of a clinical prediction model for surgical decision making in patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease.2.5.60 Canadian spine surgery fellowship education: evaluating opportunity in developing a nationally based training curriculum.2.5.61 Pedicle subtraction osteotomy for severe proximal thoracic junctional kyphosis.2.5.62 A comparison of spine surgery referrals triaged through a multidisciplinary care pathway versus conventional referrals.2.5.63 Results and complications of posterior-based 3 column osteotomies in patients with previously fused spinal deformities.2.5.64 Orthopaedic Surgical AdVerse Event Severity (Ortho-SAVES) system: identifying opportunities for improved patient safety and resource utilization.2.5.65 Spontaneous spinal extra-axial haematomas — surgical experience in Otago and Southland 2011–2013.2.5.66 Obesity and spinal epidural lipomatosis in cauda equina syndrome.2.5.67 Factors affecting restoration of lumbar lordosis in adult degenerative scoliosis patients treated with lateral trans-psoas interbody fusion.3.6.68 Systematic review of complications in spinal surgery: a comparison of retrospective and prospective study design.3.6.69 Postsurgical rehabilitation patients have similar fear avoidance behaviour levels as those in nonoperative care.3.6.70 Outcomes of surgical treatment of adolescent spondyloptosis: a case series.3.6.71 Surgical success in primary versus revision thoracolumbar spine surgery.3.6.72 The effect of smoking on subjective patient outcomes in thoracolumbar surgery.3.6.73 Modelling patient recovery to predict outcomes following elective thoracolumbar surgery for degenerative pathologies.3.6.74 Outcomes from trans-psoas versus open approaches in the treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis.3.6.75 Lumbar spinal stenosis and presurgical assessment: the impact of walking induced strain on a performance-based outcome measure.

Author

van West, H., primary, Hodgson, B., primary, Parent, E., primary, Samuel, S., primary, Ferland, C., primary, Soroceanu, A., primary, Protopsaltis, T., primary, Radovanovic, I., primary, Amritanand, R., primary, Shamji, M., primary, Haugo, K., primary, Malham, G., primary, Jarzem, P., primary, Rampersaud, Y.R., primary, Tomkins-Lane, C., primary, Manson, N., primary, King, V., primary, Goldstein, C., primary, Fisher, C., primary, Fehlings, M., primary, Wong, E., primary, Sardar, Z., primary, Christie, S.D., primary, Patel, A., primary, Pinkoski, C., primary, Ahn, H., primary, Drew, B., primary, Dvorak, M., primary, Pezeshki, P., primary, Altaf, F., primary, Wilde, P., primary, Sparrey, C., primary, Tetreault, L., primary, Rampersaud, R., primary, Jack, A., primary, Johnstone, R., primary, Fernandes, A., primary, Urquhart, J., primary, Morokoff, A., primary, Manson, N.A., primary, Phan, P., primary, Evaniew, N., primary, Manson, J., primary, Nault, M.-L., primary, St-Pierre, G. Hardy, primary, Larouche, J., primary, Lewis, S., primary, Wilgenbusch, C., primary, Johnson, R., primary, Cushnie, D., primary, Sridharan, S., primary, Street, J., primary, Gregg, C., primary, Missiuna, P., primary, Abraham, E.P., primary, Huang, E., primary, Passmore, S., primary, Mac-Thiong, J.-M., additional, Labelle, H., additional, Moulin, D., additional, Turgeon, I., additional, Roy-Beaudry, M., additional, Bourassa, N., additional, Petit, Y., additional, Parent., S., additional, Chabot, S., additional, Westover, L., additional, Hill, D., additional, Moreau, M., additional, Hedden, D., additional, Lou, E., additional, Adeeb., S., additional, Smith, M., additional, Bridge, C., additional, Hsu, B., additional, Gray., R., additional, Group, PORSCHE Study, additional, Saran, N., additional, Stone, L., additional, Ouellet., J., additional, Protopsaltis, T., additional, Terran, J., additional, Bronsard, N., additional, Smith, J., additional, Klineberg, E., additional, Mundis, G., additional, Hostin, R., additional, Hart, R., additional, Shaffrey, C., additional, Bess, S., additional, Ames, C., additional, Schwab, F., additional, Lafage., V., additional, Lafage, V., additional, Errico., T., additional, Soroceanu, A., additional, Smith, J.S., additional, Burton, D., additional, Errico, T., additional, Kim, H. Jo, additional, Urquhart, J., additional, Gananapathy, V., additional, Siddiqi, F., additional, Gurr, K., additional, Bailey, C., additional, Ravi, B., additional, David, K., additional, Rampersaud., R., additional, Tu, Y.S., additional, Salter., M., additional, Nichol, H., additional, Fourney, D., additional, Kelly., M., additional, Parker, R., additional, Ellis, N., additional, Blecher, C., additional, Chow, F., additional, Claydon., M., additional, Sardar, Z., additional, Alexander, D., additional, Oxner, W., additional, Plessis, S. du, additional, Yee, A., additional, Wai., E., additional, Lewis, S.J., additional, Davey, J.R., additional, Gandhi, R., additional, Mahomed., N., additional, Hu, R., additional, Thomas, K., additional, Hepler, C., additional, Choi, K., additional, Rowed, K., additional, Haig., A., additional, Lam., K., additional, Seex., K., additional, Perruccio, A.V., additional, Program., UHN Arthritis, additional, Goss, B., additional, Ballok., Z., additional, Chan, P., additional, Varma., D., additional, Swart, A., additional, Winder, M., additional, Varga, P. Pal, additional, Gokaslan, Z., additional, Boriani, S., additional, Luzzati, A., additional, Rhines, L., additional, Fisher, C., additional, Chou, D., additional, Williams, R., additional, Dekutoski, M., additional, Quraishi, N., additional, Bettegowda, C., additional, Kawahara, N., additional, Fehlings., M., additional, Versteeg, A., additional, Williams, R.P., additional, Reynolds, J., additional, Fehlings, M., additional, Rhines., L., additional, Zamorano, J., additional, Nater, A., additional, Tetrault, L., additional, Varga, P., additional, Chou., D., additional, Kopjar, B., additional, Vaccaro, A., additional, Arnold, P., additional, Schuster, J., additional, Finkelstein, J., additional, France., J., additional, Whyne, C., additional, Singh, D., additional, Ford., M., additional, Aldebeyan, W., additional, Ouellet, J., additional, Steffen, T., additional, Beckman, L., additional, Weber, M., additional, Jarzem., P., additional, Kwon, B.K., additional, Ahn, H., additional, Bailey, C.S., additional, Fehlings, M.G., additional, Fourney, D.R., additional, Gagnon, D., additional, Tsai, E.C., additional, Tsui, D., additional, Parent, S., additional, Chen, J., additional, Dvorak, M., additional, Noonan, V.K., additional, Rivers, C.S., additional, Network, RHSCIR, additional, Batke, J., additional, Lenehan, B., additional, Street., J., additional, Fox, R., additional, Nataraj, A., additional, Christie, S.D., additional, Duggal, N., additional, Hurlbert, R.J., additional, Townson, A., additional, Attabib, N., additional, Network., RHSCIR, additional, Paquet, J., additional, Johnson, M.G., additional, Shen, T., additional, Drew, B., additional, Fallah, N., additional, Davidson, S., additional, McCann, C., additional, Akens, M., additional, Murphy, K., additional, Sherar, M., additional, Yee., A., additional, Belanger, L., additional, Ronco, J., additional, Dea, N., additional, Paquette, S., additional, Boyd, M., additional, Street, J., additional, Kwon, B., additional, Gonzalvo, A., additional, Fitt, G., additional, Liew, S., additional, de la Harpe, D., additional, Turner, P., additional, Rogers, M., additional, Bidos, A., additional, Fanti, C., additional, Young, B., additional, Puskas., D., additional, Tam, H., additional, Manansala, S., additional, Nosov, V., additional, Delva, M.L., additional, Alshafai, N., additional, Tan, G., additional, Ibrahim, A., additional, Tetrault., L., additional, Sundararajan, K., additional, Eng., S., additional, St-Pierre, G.H., additional, Rosas-Arellano, P., additional, Tallon, C., additional, Gurr, K.R., additional, Bailey, S.I., additional, Rosa-Arellano, P., additional, Bailey, S., additional, Bailey., C., additional, Milili, L., additional, Malham., G., additional, Green, A.J., additional, McKeon, M., additional, Abraham., E.P., additional, Lafave, L., additional, Parnell, J., additional, Rempel, J., additional, Moriartey, S., additional, Andreas, Y., additional, Wilson, P., additional, Ray, H., additional, Hu., R., additional, Ploumis, A., additional, Hess, K., additional, Wood., K., additional, Yarascavitch, B., additional, Madden, K., additional, Ghert, M., additional, Bhandari, M., additional, Kwok, D., additional, Tu, Y.-S., additional, Hadlow., A., additional, Tso, P., additional, Walker, K., additional, Mahomed, N., additional, Coyte., P.C., additional, deGuise, J., additional, Jack, A., additional, Leroux, T., additional, Broad, R., additional, Hall, H., additional, Christie, S., additional, Carey, T., additional, Mehta, V., additional, Wadey., V., additional, Dear, T., additional, Hashem., M., additional, Goldstein, S., additional, Bodrogi, A., additional, Lipkus, M., additional, Keshen, S., additional, Veillette, C., additional, Adams, D., additional, Briggs, N., additional, Lau, J., additional, Lewis, S., additional, Magtoto, R., additional, Marshall, K.W., additional, Massicotte, E., additional, Ogilvie-Harris, D., additional, Sarro, A., additional, Syed, K., additional, Mohamed., N., additional, Perera, S., additional, Taha, A., additional, Cho, R., additional, Swamy, G., additional, Power, C.L., additional, Henari, S., additional, Lenehan., B., additional, McIntosh, G., additional, Hoffman., C., additional, Karachi, A., additional, Pazionis, T., additional, AlShaya, O., additional, Manson., N.A., additional, Murray, J., additional, Suttor, S., additional, Goyal, T., additional, Littlewood, J., additional, Bains, I., additional, Bouchard, J., additional, Jacobs, B., additional, Johnson, M., additional, Pelleck, V., additional, Amad, Y., additional, Ramos, E., additional, and Glazebrook, C., additional

Published
2014
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192. Disruption of the CD40-CD40 ligand system prevents an oxygen-induced respiratory distress syndrome

Author

Adawi, A., Zhang, Y., Baggs, R., Finkelstein, J., and Phipps, R. P.

Subjects
Lung Diseases, Male, Membrane Glycoproteins, CD40 Ligand, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Hyperoxia, Ligands, Immunohistochemistry, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Oxygen, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases, Cricetinae, Animals, Humans, CD40 Antigens, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Research Article
Abstract

Oxygen therapy is a mainstay treatment for infants and adults with poor lung function. Unfortunately, oxygen itself is toxic and incites respiratory cell damage and inflammation. Therapies for oxygen-induced lung damage are nonexistent. Employing a mouse model of hyperoxic lung injury, a monoclonal anti-CD40 ligand (L) antibody (MR1), which disrupts CD40-CD40L interactions, was tested for the ability to reduce pulmonary injury. Intraperitoneal administration of MR1, either before or after oxygen exposure, was remarkably effective in reducing and in many cases preventing lung injury. The pro-inflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), responsible for prostaglandin production, is massively up-regulated in the lungs after hyperoxic exposure. Immunohistochemical staining for Cox-2 revealed that MR1 greatly reduces the oxygen-induced induction of Cox-2. The remarkable effectiveness of MR1 in blunting hyperoxic lung injury in this preclinical model may be relevant to the hundreds of thousands of patients who require treatment with high oxygen and who are at risk for developing severe pulmonary inflammation and consequent fibrosis. Strategies to disrupt CD40-CD40L interactions may offer a new mode of intervention for oxygen-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome and other inflammatory lung disorders.

Published
1998

198. \Cs2{\LiLa}({\Br},{\Cl})6 Crystals for Nuclear Security Applications.

Author

Hawrami, R., Pandian, L. Soundara, Ariesanti, E., Glodo, J., Finkelstein, J., Tower, J., and Shah, K.

Subjects
CRYSTALS, NUCLEAR energy, PHOTONS, NEUTRONS, GAMMA rays
Abstract

Properties of dual-mode scintillation detectors based on CLLBC crystals are reported. Energy resolution and light yield are measured at 2.9% (FWHM) at 662 keV and 45000 photons/MeV, respectively, for a 1-in-diameter and 1-in-long crystal. With less than 2% variation in light yield as a function of energy, CLLBC has better proportionality than \LaBr3 and NaI:Tl. Neutron peak resulting from reactions with neutrons emitted by ^252\Cf (moderated) is measured at a gamma energy equivalent of 3.1 MeVee (electron energy equivalent), making pulse height discrimination between gamma-rays and neutrons easy. The material is also of effective pulse shape discrimination. The figure-of-merit for discrimination of gamma rays and thermal neutrons in CLLBC can be as high as 3.2, which is comparable to that of CLYC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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