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We developed a new artificial image enhancement system and evaluated its usefulness in controlling intraoperative reflection and enhancing of Brilliant Blue G (BBG) staining.The system was composed of three kinds of filters (a polarizing filter, a blue-enhancing filter, and a sharp-cut filter Y) and attached to the inferior surface of the operating microscope. Twenty-seven post-mortem extracted porcine eyes were used for a series of examinations. We performed surgery using the 23G-vitrectomy system with a halogen light and xenon lights and compared the reduction of intraoperative reflection under air condition and visibility and BBG contrast with and without this system. The evaluation of images was calculated in CIE 1976 (L*, a*, b*) color space (CIELAB) carried out by ImageJ software. The transmission of each filter and absorbance of BBG was measured by a spectrophotometer. We measured spectral irradiance at each wavelength about each filter from each light source with a spectroradiometer.Under both light sources, intraoperative reflection was controlled using a polarizing (PL) filter or combination of filters under air condition. Evaluation of the value of L* within the cutter surface was changed by 37.8 % under the halogen light, and 61.6 % (averaged) under the xenon light with inserted filters versus no filter. The BBG intensity difference was obtained with sharp-cut Y filter under both light source and PL with blue enhancing filter under the halogen light using each L*, a*, b* parameter with statistically significant (p0.01, 0.05). However, there was a relative decrease in the observation illuminance when the filter inserted according to the attenuation total spectral irradiance.This system can reduce intraoperative reflections under the air condition and obtain an excellent BBG staining intensity induced by various light sources.

MA Jalil1, Afroozeh Abdolkarim2, T Saktioto2, CT Ong3, Preecha P Yupapin41Ibnu Sina Institute of Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; 2Institute of Advanced Photonics Science, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; 3Department of Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; 4Nanoscale Science and Engineering Research Alliance (N'SERA), Advanced Research Center for Photonics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, ThailandAbstract: In this study, we have generated terahertz (THz) frequency by a novel design of microring resonators for medical applications. The dense wavelength-division multiplexing can be generated and obtained by using a Gaussian pulse propagating within a modified PANDA ring resonator and an add/drop filter system. Our results show that the THz frequency region can be obtained between 40–50 THz. This area of frequency provides a reliable frequency band for THz pulsed imaging.Keywords: THz imaging, THz technology, MRRs, PANDA, add/drop filter

Africa is one of the most water-scarce continents in the world but it is the lack of potable water which results in diarrhoea being the leading cause of death amongst children under the age of five in Africa (696 million children under 5 years old in Africa contract diarrhoea resulting in 2000 deaths per day: WHO and UNICEF, 2009 ). Most potable water treatment methods use bulk water treatment not suitable or available to the majority of rural poor in Sub-Saharan Africa. One simple but effective way of making sure that water is of good quality is by purifying it by means of a household ceramic water filter. The making and supply of water filters suitable for the removal of suspended solids, pathogenic bacteria and other toxins from drinking water is therefore critical. A micro-porous ceramic water filter with micron-sized pores was developed using the traditional slip casting process. This locally produced filter has the advantage of making use of less raw materials, cost, labour, energy and expertise and being more effective and efficient than other low cost produced filters. The filter is fitted with a silicone tube inserted into a collapsible bag that acts as container and protection for the filter. Enhanced flow is obtained through this filter system. The product was tested using water inoculated with high concentrations of different bacterial cultures as well as with locally polluted stream water. The filter is highly effective (log 10 > 4 with 99.99% reduction efficiency) in providing protection from bacteria and suspended solids found in natural water. With correct cleaning and basic maintenance this filter technology can effectively provide drinking water to rural families affected by polluted surface water sources. This is an African solution for the more than 340 million people in Africa without access to clean drinking water ( WHO and UNICEF, 2008 ).

By using the knowledge filter system and entrepreneurship theory, the paper focused on the relationship of university-specific R&D spillovers and innovative growth based on the modified knowledge production function (KPF). Taking “New 3-Zone Interaction Engineering” as the example, the results demonstrated that the entrepreneurship could penetrate the knowledge filter system and stimulate the commercialization of the knowledge, consequently promoted the contribution of the spatial knowledge spillovers to the regional economic growth. “New 3-Zone Interaction Engineering” referred to the project of co-operation and interaction of the university, the science park and the community, which had been recently launched in Dalian High-technology Zone.

A HPLC method was developed using an annular denuder/filter pack sampling system coated with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) for collecting gas- and particle-phase dicarbonyl compounds in the atmosphere. DNPH was used as a derivatizing agent to coat the denuders and the filters, when air flowed through the sampling system, the gases were absorbed and reacted with DNPH on the denuders while particles proceeded along the denuders and then analyzed by HPLC. The samples were extracted, concentrated and subjected to HPLC analysis. The sampling conditions of the system were investigated by a series of sampling experiments. The results indicated that when the coating DNPH solution was 0.47 g L−1, the optimum collection efficiency was obtained at a flow rate of 4 L min−1 for a sampling duration of 4–5 h. The collection efficiencies of glyoxal and methylglyoxal were 82% and 85%, respectively, which were determined using Tedlar bags. The method was applied to measure dicarbonyl compounds in the atmosphere.

We created the first tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) to be successfully used in humans. The TEVG is made by seeding autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) onto a biodegradable tubular scaffold fabricated from polyglycolic-acid mesh coated with a 50:50 copolymer of poly-L-lactide and-ɛ-caprolactone. In the initial clinical study, the BM-MNCs were isolated using a Ficoll density centrifugation method. Use of this cell isolation technique is problematic in that it is performed using an open system and therefore is susceptible to contamination. As a first step toward creating a closed system for assembling a TEVG, we evaluated the use of a filter-based method for isolating BM-MNCs and compared it to density centrifugation in Ficoll.BM-MNCs were isolated from human BM using density centrifugation in Ficoll or a filter-based method. BM-MNCs were seeded onto biodegradable tubular scaffold and incubated for 24 h before implantation. The TEVG were implanted as inferior vena cava interposition grafts in SCID/bg mice (n=24) using microsurgical technique. Grafts were followed with ultrasonography and computed tomography-angiography. Ten weeks after implantation the TEVG were explanted and examined using histology and immunohistochemistry.Both methods isolated similar number of cells (Ficoll: 8.5±6.6×10(6)/mL, Filter: 6.6±3.5×10(6)/mL; p=0.686) with similar viability as assayed using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) (Ficoll: 97.0%±1.5%, Filter: 95.9%±3.0%; p=0.339). FACS analysis demonstrated that the fraction of lymphocytes and monocytes to total cells was lower in the filter group (CD4 in Ficoll: 8.9%±1.1%, CD4 in Filter: 3.5%±0.8%; p=0.002, CD8 in Ficoll: 9.4%±2.1%, CD8 in Filter: 3.9%±1.4%; p=0.021, Monocyte in Ficoll: 6.9%±1.0%, Monocyte in Filter: 2.7%±1.0%; p=0.008), consistent with granulocyte contamination (Ficoll: 46.6±2.7×10(6)/mL, Filter: 58.1±5.2×10(6)/mL; p0.001). The ratio of stem cells to BM-MNCs was comparable between groups. There were no statistically significant differences with regard to TEVG patency and morphology between groups. Both methods of cell isolation produced neovessels with similar histology.Filter-based BM-MNC isolation is comparable to BM-MNC isolation using density centrifugation in Ficoll for TEVG assembly. The filter-based cell isolation technique has the added advantage of the potential to create a closed disposable system.

We propose an automatic swearword filter system for online game chatting by using Support Vector Machines(SVM). We collected chatting sentences from online games and tagged them as normal sentences or swearword included sentences. We use n-gram syllables and lexical-part of speech (POS) tags of a word as features and select useful features by chi square statistics. Each selected feature is represented as binary weight and used in training SVM. SVM classifies each chatting sentence as swearword included one or not. In experiment, we acquired overall 90.4% of F1 accuracy.

The main purpose of this design is to raise the drawing power of the vacuum cleaner. All researches were done at the original vacuum model which typed U36. After analyzing the structure and work principle of the vacuum cleaner, a related influence factor of vacuum inhalation efficiency and combine the principle of an experiment method were put forward. Then Improvement design of motor, seal system, filter system and blow vent had been analyzed and tested by experiment method respectively. At last, the total effect of drawing power and noise testing had been tested. The results showed that the improvement design is successful.

A pure rotational Raman lidar is constructed for measurements of vertical temperature profiles of atmosphere. A fiber-coupled, double-grating monochromator is used as the filter system so that a high spectral resolution of

Severe acute respiratory syndrome, or SARS, swept over the world in 2003, with 8,096 probable cases and 774 fatalities in 26 countries. Not immune to the outbreak, Taiwan accounted for 346 probable cases and 37 deaths. Exhaust air in negative isolation wards of SARS hospital is discharged through air shafts, extending directly to the roof; the shaft passes through the filter box and connects with a 5m chimney air shaft, where the exhaust is discharged into the atmosphere. The exhaust air has been tested to prove as safe to the public before exiting to the free air. However, to lower the sense of fear in the public, a dispersion model is requested by the Centers of Disease Control in Taiwan. The dispersion model can be an important reference if the filter system does not work properly. A CFD code is applied to calculate the non-dimensional concentration exhausting air from negative isolation wards. The predicting value of both the maximum concentration and the mean concentration is smaller than 0....

Die drastische Verscharfung der Gesetzgebung bei der Festlegung neuer Emissionsgrenzwerte fur Kraftfahrzeuge erfordert den Einsatz einer effizienten Abgasnachbehandlung auf dem dieselmotorischen Sektor. Ein potenzielles Abgasreinigungskonzept fur die Absenkung der Partikelemissionen ist ein im Abgastrakt integrierter Dieselrus-Partikelfilter (DPF). In dieser Veroffentlichung wird ein experimentell validiertes Simulationsmodell vorgestellt, das den Lebenszyklus eines Dieselrus-Partikelfilters beschreibt. Das Modell zeigt Grundlagencharakter und lasst sich auf eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen aus dem Bereich der Gasfiltration ubertragen. The drastic tightening of regulations regarding emission limits of motor vehicles demands for an efficient exhaust gas treatment of diesel motor engines. One potential concept is an integrated diesel soot filter within the exhaust gas system. Basic requirement for a safe filter system operation is a fundamental comprehension of all involved individual processes. In this paper an experimentally validated CFD-model describing the life cycle of a diesel root filter is presented. Its results can be used to fully exploit the potential of such filter systems and provide a basis for a variety of applications in the field of gas filtration.

This paper introduces the concept and principles of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and it briefly outlines how the defence and homeland security sectors can benefit from the application of this extremely versatile technology. This paper outlines the pros and cons of the various HSI system configurations, with particular emphasis on two of the most commonly deployed spectrograph techniques, namely, the dispersive system and the narrow-band tuning filter system. It describes how HSI can be utilized for target acquisition particularly when there is no a priori knowledge of the target, and then shows how it can be used for the recognition and tracking of targets with desired or known signature characteristics. The paper also briefly mentions the possibility of remote HSI being used for recognizing a human's physiological state such as that induced by stress or anxiety. Real experimental data collected during the course of our research have been utilized throughout this paper to help understand the versatility and effectiveness of HSI technology.

A seam tracking system with visual sensing free from calibration was developed for the robot applied in gas tungsten arc welding. A visual sensor with double-layer filter system was researched for the different levels of the welding current. An image processing in C+?+ language was developed to extract the seam trajectory and the offset of the torch to the seam in the welding images of aluminum alloys plates with grooves. The rectifying rule of the robot used in this paper was found based on the experimental data, and the seam tracking controller was also analyzed and constructed. The experimental results on straight line seam and curve seam demonstrated the efficiency of the proposal seam tracking system.

We discuss how generalized multiresolution analyses (GMRAs), both classical and those defined on abstract Hilbert spaces, can be classified by their multiplicity functions $m$ and matrix-valued filter functions $H$. Given a natural number valued function $m$ and a system of functions encoded in a matrix $H$ satisfying certain conditions, a construction procedure is described that produces an abstract GMRA with multiplicity function $m $ and filter system $H$. An equivalence relation on GMRAs is defined and described in terms of their associated pairs $(m,H)$. This classification system is applied to classical examples in $L^2 (\mathbb R^d)$ as well as to previously studied abstract examples., Comment: 18 pages including bibliograph

An der Filteranlage des Wasserwerks Langenau wurden Risse und Abplatzungen im Bereich der Spannkopfe von Spannbetonbindern festgestellt. Erste Untersuchungen zeigten, dass chloridinduzierte Korrosion vorlag. Da konstruktionsbedingt insbesondere die Spannbewehrung betroffen war, wurde eine eingehende Untersuchung der Schaden veranlasst, welche das Ziel hatte, neben der Entwicklung eines geeigneten Instandsetzungskonzepts auch Aussagen zur Resttragfahigkeit der Spannglieder zu treffen. Die Untersuchungen vor Ort offenbarten neben den Korrosionsschaden an den Spannkopfen auch ausgepragte Verpressfehler im Bereich der Festanker. Nachfolgend werden die Herangehensweise an die Problematik, die durchgefuhrten Untersuchungen und die dabei angewandten Untersuchungsmethoden, das entwickelte Instandsetzungskonzept (Konservierung des Ist-Zustands) und die Schlussfolgerungen zur Resttragfahigkeit erlautert. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse konnte die Korrosionsursache (Chloridquelle) eindeutig bestimmt und die Standsicherheit der Halle nachgewiesen werden. Die Halle wurde zwischenzeitlich instand gesetzt und wird zukunftig auf Wunsch des Bauherrn durch regelmasige Uberwachung auf neuerliche Auffalligkeiten kontrolliert. Assessment and Repair of Chloride Induced Corrosion on the Prestressed Concrete Binder of a Filtration System for Drinking Water On the filter system of the Langenau water work, cracks and spalling were identified in the area of the clamping chucks of the prestressed concrete binder. Initial investigations showed, that chloride induced corrosion was present. Since especially the prestressed reinforcement was affected, an expert assessment of the damages was conducted, which had the objective of, along with the development of an appropriate repair plan, making statements regarding the residual strength of the tendons. In addition to the corrosion of the clamping heads, the investigations revealed a distinctive injection defect in the area of the fixed anchor. Consecutively, the approach to the problem, the conducted investigations and the investigation methods used, the developed repair concept (conservation of the actual status) and the conclusions on the remaining carrying capacity are explained. Based on the results, the cause of the corrosion (the source of the chloride) could be clearly determined and the stability of the hall could be verified. In the meantime, the hall has since been repaired and in the future will be controlled through regular monitoring of noticeable problems at the request of the client.

This article will try to analyze and to evaluate the Online Public Access Catalog that is available in Perpustakaan Umum Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta, Cikini. This research uses qualitative approach with the method of descriptive case study. The data collection is accumulated through participative observations, in-depth interview with selected informants, and analysis on supporting documents. The result of this research shows that the Online Public Access Catalog that is owned by Perpustakaan Umum Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta, Cikini has several problems. It can be seen from the limited choices of searching mode, the usage of INDOMARC indicator codes in describing information bibliography of collection that often cannot be comprehended by public, the search results from the local library’s collections that are mixed with other library’s collections, to collection’s status and filter system that is not available

Dust cake compressibility of fine fly ashes on a filter system was carefully investigated under well-controlled conditions and by measuring the cake thickness under different filtration conditions using an on-line powder pressure–displacement measurement system. Cake thickness, collection efficiency, and pressure drop of dust cake were investigated at the different filtration superficial velocities of 10 cm/s, 15 cm/s, 20 cm/s, 25 cm/s, 30 cm/s, 35 cm/s and 40 cm/s, and dust concentrations of 200 g/m3. The compression stress had also been found to increase with the increasing filtration superficial velocity. The results showed that the cake porosity decreased and the specific cake resistance and the collection efficiency increased with the enhancement of compression stress. The test results of this study can be applied in different system of filters during cross-flow filtration.

This paper provides the official recommendation of the Union Internationale des Associations d'Alpinisme (UIAA) Medical Commission to manage the problem of safe drinking water. The recommendation was accepted and authorized for publication by the Medical Commission during their annual meeting at Treplice, Tzechia, 2008. Safe water is essential for mountaineers worldwide in order to balance challenges associated with high altitude dehydration. The paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of several procedures used to procure safe drinking water in the mountains or at high altitude. Limitations or critical details, which may cause failure of the methods are mentioned systematically. We differentiate between "conventional" methods, which should be preferred because they produce safe water and "improvisation". The latter does not produce safe water but may be used if conventional methods are not available for any reason. They decrease the concentration of pathogenic microorganisms and by this they reduce the risk of enteral infection. Water filtration using a ceramic filter system or chemical disinfection is recommended as a standard method. Boiling water should be avoided because it is too fuel consuming and has the potential to increase deforestation. Generally, with regard to infections by water or food, all mountaineers should be vaccinated against hepatitis A and poliomyelitis in regions where they may be at-risk.

In this paper, the problem of deteriorating performance of speech recognition under very low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) is considered. In particular, for a given pre-trained speech recognizer and for a finite set of speech commands, we show that popular noise reduction methods have a mixed performance in speech recognition accuracy under very low SNR. Although most noise reduction methods are attempting to reduce speech distortion or to increase noise suppression, it does not necessarily improve speech recognition accuracy very much due to the complexity of the recognizer. We propose a new hybrid algorithm to optimize on the speech recognition accuracy directly by mixing different noise reduction methods together. We show that this method can indeed improve the accuracy significantly.

We provide the first detailed study of the RR Lyrae period-luminosity (PL) relation in the ugriz bandpasses of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) filter system. We argue that tight, simple PL relations are not present in the SDSS filters, except for the redder bandpasses i and (especially) z. However, for all bandpasses, we show that, by incorporating terms involving a (fairly reddening-independent) "pseudo-color" C_0 = (u-g)_0 - (g-r)_0, tight (non-linear) relations do obtain. We provide theoretically calibrated such relations in the present paper, which should be useful to derive precise absolute magnitudes (hence distances) and intrinsic colors (hence reddening values) to even {\em individual} field RR Lyrae stars. For applications to cases where photometry in all five passbands may not be available, we also provide simple (though less precise) average PL relations for the i and z bandpasses, which read as follows: M_z = 0.839 - 1.295 log P + 0.211 log Z, M_i = 0.908 - 1.035 log P + 0.220 log Z. Similarly, simple period-color relations for (r-i)_0, (g-r)_0, and (u-z)_0 are also provided., 7 pages, 9 figures. ApJS, in press

Ceramic filters based on silicon carbide (SiC) are widely used in current diesel particulate filters for passenger car applications. Filters based on cordierite ceramics are produced at lower costs and offer several advantageous technical features. However, a widespread use has been impeded as yet by the lack of a robust regeneration strategy, which provides for a safe soot burning under all operating conditions by the reliable control of high regeneration temperatures. Bosch has developed a complete filter system consisting of a cordierite particulate filter and the regeneration management software “DPF-AC”.

This paper presents a spam filter system using co-training with spamminess features and URL features based on the maximum entropy model. Spamminess features are the emphasizing patterns or abnormal patterns in spam messages used by spammers to express their intention and to avoid being filtered by the spam filter system. Since spammers use URLs to give the details and make a change to the URL format not to be filtered by the black list, normal and abnormal URLs can be key features to detect the spam messages. Co-training with spamminess features and URL features uses two different features which are independent each other in training. The filter system can learn information from them independently. Experiment results on TREC spam test collection shows that the proposed approach achieves 9.1% improvement and 6.9% improvement in accuracy compared to the base system and bogo filter system, respectively. The result analysis shows that the proposed spamminess features and URL features are helpful. And an experiment result of the co-training shows that two feature sets are useful since the number of training documents are reduced while the accuracy is closed to the batch learning.

The objective of this study was to investigate the performance of a two-stage biotrickling filter system installed for the control of odorous compounds in the emission gases from a food waste fodder manufacturing process. During long-term operation, 150 days, the removal efficiencies of total hydrocarbons were within the range of 90 to 98%. The major odorous compounds; especially aldehydes and sulfur compounds, were removed by up to 97.9 and 91.6%, respectively. The elimination capacity in the first stage of the system was much higher than that in the second stage. The elimination capacities in the first and second stages were approximately 223 and 73.4 g/m3-filter bed-hr, respectively.

Based on geomorphological criteria, the Coastal Habitat Management Plan (CHaMP) for the Solent identified some 4,800 hectares of land potentially suitable for the creation of intertidal habitat, principally saltmarsh, through the use of managed realignment. Using “constraint mapping,” this study set out to illustrate that limitations to habitat re-creation through inundation are not merely geomorphological in nature. Indeed, a broad range of social, political, legal, technical, and economic constraints exist and must be evaluated in conjunction with physical parameters if the objectives of the European Birds and Habitats Directives are to be met, and so that future coastal defense policies ensure maintenance of the “favorable conservation status” of designated sites. A numerical filter system has been used to re-evaluate individual sites to establish “realistic” opportunities for compensatory saltmarsh creation in the Solent. As a result of taking into account wider socioeconomic constraints, it is clear ...

We continue our series of papers describing the results of a photometric survey of open star clusters, primarily in the southern hemisphere, taken in the u'g'r'i'z' filter system. The entire observed sample covered more than 100 clusters, but here we present data only on NGC 188, which is one of the oldest open clusters known in the Milky Way. We fit the Padova theoretical isochrones to our data. Assuming a solar metallicity for NGC 188, we find a distance of 1700+/-100 pc, an age of 7.5+/-0.7 Gyr, and a reddening E(B-V) of 0.025+/-0.005. This yields a distance modulus of 11.23+/-0.14., Comment: 41 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal

The Acesita’s cold rolling mill number 4, LB4, has a oil filter system that left to lose working time when stopped, because the excess of dirty. In this work, we developed a method to evaluate the generation of wear debris on sheet surface during cold rolling, intending to approximate to the real process condition. In this way, some analysis of material used, like samples and filter system residues were done. This work shows detachment of particles of metal during the cold rolling as a normal process condition. This phenomena increases with the increase of oil temperature, total cold reduction, surface and edge of coil. The process wasn’t with a problem and we needed to change the filter elements of the system.

In order to reduce the frequency of researchers routing in and out of the testing site and ensure the fluency of the testing we design a new filter system applied to the streak cameras. This system promotes streak cameras' abilities on spatial discrimination and time resolution. This paper focuses on the instruction of the piezoelectric motor's principle based on field-effect tubes. Filter wheel is driven by piezoelectric motor. It can effectively avoid the influences of high field produced by streak tube. Finally we achieve auto regulation at different gears and promote the efficiency of operations and guarantee the safety of researchers. CD4046 introduces the driven clock of this system and we use an inverter to get two synchronous inverted signals. These signals are amplified by field-effect tubes to more than 300V. The amplified ones are integrated at the output terminals to generate sinusoidal signal. The test shows that in this filter system piezoelectric motor operates at its resonance frequency under a control signal of 62.5 KHz. Its working current is 1.9A and driving power is almost 10W. By adjusting the gears, the filter wheel costs less than 2 seconds to calibrate. We accomplish the test in respected results. © COPYRIGHT SPIE 2015.

The RGB Bayer filter system consists of a mosaic of R, G, and B filters on the grid of the photo sensors which typical commercial DSLR (Digital Single Lens Reflex) cameras and CCD cameras are equipped with. Lot of unique astronomical data obtained using an RGB Bayer filter system are available, including transient objects, e.g. supernovae, variable stars, and solar system bodies. The utilization of such data in scientific research requires that reliable photometric transformation methods are available between the systems. In this work, we develop a series of equations to convert the observed magnitudes in the RGB Bayer filter system ($R_B$, $G_B$, and $B_B$) into the Johnson-Cousins BVR filter system ($B_J$, $V_J$, and $R_C$). The new transformation equations derive the calculated magnitudes in the Johnson-Cousins filters ($B_{Jcal}$, $V_{Jcal}$, and $R_{Ccal}$) as functions of RGB magnitudes and colors. The mean differences between the transformed magnitudes and original magnitudes, i.e. the residuals, are $\Delta(B_J-B_{Jcal})$ = 0.064 mag, $\Delta(V_J-V_{Jcal})$ = 0.041 mag, and $\Delta(R_C-R_{Ccal})$ = 0.039 mag. The calculated Johnson-Cousins magnitudes from the transformation equations show a good linear correlation with the observed Johnson-Cousins magnitudes., Comment: Preprint accepted to Advances in Space Research, 19 pages, 8 figures

The importance of power quality in Electrical systems increases with each passing day and has become an important criterion in energy system. The main factors affecting the quality of power are harmonics, flicker, transients, voltage sags (Sags), sudden voltage surges (Sweels). The harmonics causes resonance, sudden trips, loss and so on and this problems adversely affect the quality of power. In this study residential and industrial zones were examined. Different ways are used for the analysis and the estimation of the harmonics. In order to get an estimate of the value of, GERÇEK ZAMANLI ENERJİ DAĞITIM SİSTEMLERİNİN YAPAY SİNİR AĞLARI KULLANILARAK MODELLENMESİ VE HARMONİK TAHMİNİElektrik sistemlerinde önemli bir kriter olan güç kalitesi her geçen gün önemini artırmaktadır. Güçkalitesini etkileyen başlıca etkenler; harmonikler, kırpışma (flicker), geçici rejimler(transient), ani gerilimdüşmeleri(Sags), ani gerilim yükselmeleri(Sweels) olarak sayılabilir. Harmonikler, rezonans, ani açma, anigerilim değişimleri v.b. olaylar güç kalitesini olumsuz olarak etkilemektedir. Harmoniklerin analizi ve tahminedilmelerinde literatürde çeşitli yöntemler kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada, Manisa ilindeki yerleşim yeri vesanayi bölgesinden ölçülen Toplam Akım Harmonik Distorsiyonu (THD1) değerleri kullanılarak, ilerde sistemdeoluşabilecek, THDA1 değerlerini tahmin edecek bir Yapay Sinir Ağı (YSA) modeli geliştirilmiştir. Verilerin birkısmı YSA modelini oluşturmada, kalan kısmı da modeli test için kullanılmıştır. YSA ile tahmin edilendeğerlerin gerçek THD1 değerlerine çok yakın olduğu görülmüştür. Bu model ilave yüklerle birlik oluşabilecek THD1 değerlerinin önceden tahmin edilmesine ve tasarlanacak filtre parametrelerinin belirlenmesinde faydalıolabilir.REAL TIME POWER DISTRUBUTION SYSTEM MODELLING AND HARMONIC ESTIMATION USING NEURAL NETWORKThe importance of power quality in Electrical systems increases with each passing day and has become an important criterion in energy system. The main factors affecting the quality of power are harmonics, flicker, transients, voltage sags (Sags), sudden voltage surges (Sweels). The harmonics causes resonance, sudden trips, loss and so on and this problems adversely affect the quality of power. In this study THD1 values of residential and industrial zones were examined. Different ways are used for the analysis and the estimation of the harmonics. In order to get an estimate of the value of THD1 values Artificial Neural Networks were used. THD1 values were estimated with using this ANN model. With this method, accurate estimated values obtained. This estimated THD1 values can be used to selecting the required filter system. In this way, by reducing harmonic values, a significant improvement in power quality can be achieved. With the proposed ANN model, equipment that improve the power quality can be preselected while planning energy distribution systems. This model can be used for the planning the energy systems which has the high Power Quality. This ANN model can be used to estimate values in different systems .

For sustainable development, biodiversity conservation and life-quality improvement must be simultaneously considered. Molecular techniques have greatly impacted biotechnology. These methods have, in particular, improved the capability to investigate the fine differences among organisms and, as a consequence, to better investigate the effects on environmental factors on them. We propose an approach to support the optimal selection of molecular probes for barcoding application in many biotechnological fields. The aim of our work is specificity maximization. To this purpose, we have integrated a filter system based on wavelet transforms with biological knowledge about the sequence proneness to mutation and post-translational modification. Specifically, we have tested the proposed method on ITS1 sequences that are a region of the rRNA locus. Our analysis has shown the presence of other local relative stable conformations in addition to known cleavage site. Their characteristics differ within the group of mammals selected for our analysis. These variations could be used to design new species-specific barcoding probes or other quick molecular screening tools.

DESEMPENHO DO SISTEMA DE GOTEJAMENTO E DE FILTROS UTILIZANDO ÁGUA RESIDUÁRIA DA SUINOCULTURA Elisandro Pires Frigo; Silvio Cesar Sampaio; Paulo Lourenço Freitas; Lúcia Helena Nóbrega; Reginaldo Ferreira Santos; Larissa Schmatz MallmannDepartamento Recursos Hídricos e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Cascavel, PR 1 RESUMO Este trabalho avaliou a uniformidade do sistema de distribuição de água de poço artesiano e de efluentes e o desempenho do sistema de filtros. O experimento foi conduzido em estufa no Núcleo Experimental de Engenharia Agrícola, pertencente à Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná. O solo da área experimental é classificado como Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico de textura muito argilosa. A água residuária utilizada foi proveniente da suinocultura (ARS), sendo a mesma diluída em água a 0, 25, 50 e 75%. O sistema de irrigação utilizado foi por gotejamento. O delineamento experimental foi constituído de quatro tratamentos com cinco repetições, inteiramente casualizado. Para determinar o coeficiente de uniformidade do sistema, foi utilizado o modelo proposto por Christiansen (CUC). Os filtros foram avaliados em função das pressões de serviços (200, 150, 100 e 50 kPa) e das vazões. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a condutividade elétrica diminuiu 50% para os tratamentos T2 (ARS diluída a 25%) e T4 (ARS diluída a 75%) e 35,50% para o tratamento T3 (ARS diluída a 50%), após a passagem pelos filtros. O pH encontrado no experimento está de acordo com os parâmetros recomendados para aplicação de águas residuárias. Houve redução na concentração de sólidos totais para os tratamentos T2, T3 e T4, com valores médios de 35,20; 24,41 e 27,43%, respectivamente. O CUC para os tratamentos diminuiu em função da maior quantidade de sólidos e sais dissolvidos no efluente. A vazão do efluente em função das pressões de serviço diminuiu proporcionalmente com o aumento da concentração de ARS. UNITERMOS: coeficiente de uniformidade, filtragem, irrigação localizada. FRIGO, E. P.; SAMPAIO, S. C.; FREITAS, P. L.; NÓBREGA, L. H.; SANTOS, R. F.; MALLMANN, L. S. PERFORMANCE OF DRIP IRRIGATION AND FILTERS USING WASTEWATER FROM SUINOCULTURE 2 ABSTRACT This paper aimed to evaluate the uniformity coefficient of the distribution of a drip system of water and effluents and the efficiency of filter system. The experiment was conducted at greenhouse ofAgriculturalEngineeringExperimentalCenter,WestParanáStateUniversity. The soil of the experimental area is classified as typical Red Distrofferic Latosoil of very clay texture. The effluent was originating from suinoculture, diluted in 0, 25, 50 and 75% of water. The random experimental design was constituted by four treatments with five repetitions. In order to determinate the uniformity coefficient of the system, the model proposed by Christiansen (CUC) was used. The filters were evaluated in function of pressures (200, 150, 100 and 50 kPa) and several discharges. The results allowed concluding that the Electrical Conductivity decreased 50% for the treatments T2 (ARS diluted in 25%) and T4 (ARS diluted in 75%) and 35% for the treatment T3 (ARS diluted in 50%), after the passage by filters. The pH found was in accordance with the parameters recommended for the application of wastewaters. There was reduction in the concentration of Total Solids for the treatments T2, T3 and T4, with mean values of 35,20; 24,41 and 27,43%, respectively. The uniformity coefficient of Christiansen (CUC) for the treatments decreased in dependence of the higher amount of solids and dissolved salts in the effluent. The effluent discharge as a function of pressures decreased proportionally to effluent concentration decrease. KEYWORDS: uniformity coefficient, filtering, drip irrigation.

[ABRIDGED] The LMC star cluster system offers the unique opportunity to independently check the accuracy of age and mass determinations based on a number of complementary techniques, including isochrone analysis. Using our sophisticated tool for star cluster analysis based on broad-band spectral energy distributions (SEDs), we reanalyse the Hunter et al. (2003) LMC cluster photometry. Our main aim is to set the tightest limits yet on the accuracy of ABSOLUTE age determinations based on broad-band SEDs, and therefore on the usefulness of such an approach. Our broad-band SED fits yield reliable ages, with statistical absolute uncertainties within Delta[log(Age/yr)] = 0.4 overall. The systematic differences we find with respect to previous age determinations are caused by conversions of the observational photometry to a different filter system. The LMC's cluster formation rate (CFR) has been roughly constant outside of the well-known age gap between ~3 and 13 Gyr, when the CFR was a factor of ~5 lower. We derive the characteristic cluster disruption time-scale, log(t_4^dis/yr) = 9.9 +- 0.1, where t_dis = t_4^dis (M_cl/10^4 Msun)^0.62. This long characteristic disruption time-scale implies that we are observing the INITIAL cluster mass function (CMF). We conclude that the youngest mass and luminosity-limited LMC cluster subsets show shallower slopes than the slope of alpha = -2 expected (at least below masses of a few x 10^3 Msun), which is contrary to dynamical expectations. This may imply that the initial CMF slope of the LMC cluster system as a whole is NOT well represented by a power-law, although we cannot disentangle the unbound from the bound clusters at the youngest ages., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, resubmitted to MNRAS after responding to referee report

In this paper, we give the spectral energy distributions of 42 M81 globular clusters in 13 intermediate-band filters from 4000 to 10000 A, using the CCD images of M81 observed as part of the BATC multicolor survey of the Sky. The BATC multicolor filter system is specifically designed to exclude most of the bright and variable night-sky emission lines including the OH forest. Hence, it can present accurate SEDs of the observed objects. These spectral energy distributions are low-resolution spectra, and can reflect the stellar populations of the globular clusters. This paper confirms the conclusions of Schroder et al. that, M81 contains clusters as young as a few Gyrs, which also were observed in both M31 and M33, Accepted for Publication in PASP, 10 pages, 3 figures

A channel drop filter system that consists of two waveguides and three cavities is studied. One cavity couples with both waveguides, while the other two work as resonant mirrors to reflect the sele ...

Hospital water supplies often contain Legionella spp. and represent a potential source of nosocomial infection, especially for immunocompromised patients or those in intensive care units. Therefore, pathogen-free water should be provided for such high-risk patients. Surveillance of splash water was performed in high-risk patient care areas at Berlin Charité-University Medicine (506 samples) and Medical School Hannover (767 samples) to investigate the ability to provide water that was free from Legionella spp. by the use of disposable, terminal tap water filter systems with non-impregnated, as well as impregnated, filters with prolonged usage intervals. Twenty (Berlin) and 32 (Hannover) water outlets were provided with disposable filters with a pore size of 0.2 microm. Testing of unfiltered tap water revealed growth of Legionella spp. in 53 of 210 (Berlin) and 30 of 32 (Hannover) samples. Non-impregnated, terminal, disposable water filters at taps used for high-risk patient care led to water free from Legionella spp. in 154 of 155 (99.4%) samples after three to four days and in 137 of 141 (97.2%) samples after six to seven days. When testing a new impregnated filter, 255 of 256 (99.6%) samples remained free from Legionella spp. after continuous use for seven days, as recommended by the manufacturers, and also after 10 days. Samples that were positive for Legionella spp. contained 1-4 cfu/mL. We believe that an impregnated filter system is suitable for the prevention of nosocomial Legionellosis in high-risk patient care areas.

The effects to membrane filtration (using a pilot system with a 1.2 μm prefilter and a 0.65 μm final filter system) on the aromatic profile and phenolic quality of a Cabernet Sauvignon wine was studied. A statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in the colour intensity and polyphenolic profile, with the exception of the HCl index which remained stable. In more than a hundred aromatic compounds measured, a significant difference (p < 0.05) was observed in only 12 of them. This difference caused by filtration was corroborated sensorially by a Triangle Test performed by an inexpert panel. The results obtained show that the probable cause of the observed differences is a membrane adsorptive phenomenon.

SmartSpectra is a smart multispectral system for industrial, environmental, and commercial applications where the use of spectral information beyond the visible range is needed. The SmartSpectra system provides six spectral bands in the range 400-1000nm. The bands are configurable in terms of central wavelength and bandwidth by using electronic tunable filters. SmartSpectra consists of a multispectral sensor and the software that controls the system and simplifies the acquisition process. A first prototype called Autonomous Tunable Filter System is already available. This paper describes the SmartSpectra system, demonstrates its performance in the estimation of chlorophyll in plant leaves, and discusses its implications in real-time applications.

Hypertension status and oxidative stress parameters were assessed in 291 workers (hypertensive workers were divided into three grades, non-equivalently) at two detergent production plants, one of which included enzymes in the detergent (n=138) and another which did not (n=153), and 45 control workers in another industry three times (at the time of employment, 7 yrs later at the time of installation of a filter system, and about 3 yrs later). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, antioxidant enzymes and lipid status by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, trace elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and blood pressure using an oscilometric device. Prior to filter system installation, enzyme-exposed workers had significantly higher MDA, antioxidant enzyme activities, and prevalence of hypertension, compared with controls. The filter system reduced airborne detergent and enzyme dusts, resulting in a decreased prevalence of hypertension and a significant improvement in workers' oxidative stress indicators. Alterations in antioxidant status may result from the cumulative effect of high levels of detergent and enzyme in airborne dust in the workplace.

Fluidity of two commercial eutectic alloy liquids, grey cast iron and Al–Si alloy, was investigated. Effects of pouring temperature, modulus of the fluidity channel and incorporation of a filtering system were evaluated. Graphs of fluidity show a linear relationship between fluidity and superheat, as well as fluidity and modulus squared, in both alloys. Comparison of fluidity results indicates that fluidity of Al–12.5%Si alloy is nearly double that of cast iron. The lower fluidity of cast iron liquid may be due to its higher rate of heat loss by radiation. The results of this investigation were compared with those of previous investigators. Although the height of sprue in this work is higher than the common fluidity tests, the results of unfiltered fluidity tests from this work show a similar, but possibly slightly lower, fluidity, probably as a result of additional bulk turbulence in the melt that effectively enhances viscosity. In contrast, when a filter system is employed before the fluidity ch...

We present narrow band photometry of 91 dwarf ellipticals in the Coma and Fornax clusters taken through the Stromgren (uvby) filter system. Dividing the sample by dwarf morphology into nucleated (dEN) and non-nucleated (dE) dwarfs reveals two distinct populations of early-type systems based on integrated colors. The class of dEN galaxies are redder in their continuum colors as compared to bright cluster ellipticals and dE type dwarfs, and their position in multi-color diagrams can only be explained by an older mean age for their underlying stellar populations. By comparison with the narrow band photometry of the M87 globular cluster system (Jordan et al. 2002), we find that dENs are a higher metallicity continuation of the old, metal-poor color sequence of galactic globulars and the blue population of M87 globulars. Bright ellipticals and dE dwarfs, on the other hand, follow the color sequence of the metal-rich, red population of M87 globulars. A comparison to SED models, convolved to a simple metallicity model, finds that dENs and blue globulars are 3 to 4 Gyrs older than cluster ellipticals and 5 Gyrs older than dE type galaxies. The implication is that globulars and dEN galaxies are primordial and have metallicities set by external constraints such as the enrichment of their formation clouds. Bright ellipticals and dE galaxies have metallicities and ages that suggest an extended phase of initial star formation to produce a younger mean age, even if their formation epoch is similar to that of dENs and blue globulars, and an internally driven chemical evolutionary history.

We developed a direct applied filter system (DAFS). In the system, we attached an optical filter called a DAFS filter directly on the plasma panel. DAFS could solve problems in a Plasma Panel, such as blurry double images, heaviness, and thickness with a conventional filter system. We applied an impact absorption sheet to the filter to protect the fragile glass of the panel. We then achieved high impact absorption of 0.5 J by applying an impact absorption sheet consisting of a hard and soft layer with a total thickness of 1.4 mm.

The property of slow sand filtration to disinfect a closed soilless culture system was examined in terms of stable and efficient estimation of microbe removal efficiency using a small-scale experimental apparatus. Escherichia coli was chosen as a microbe to be removed. With the freshly-prepared filter, the microbe density in the filtrate reached a plateau level after 3 to 6 hr of operation when that in the influent was kept constant for longer than 3 hr. The height of a plateau level varied with the microbe density in the influent. Duration of a plateau extended as the inoculative period was longer. The microbe removal efficiency of the filtration system increased when the runoff solution from the rockwool culture of rose plants was circulated through the filter for 5 weeks, but no increase occurred when water was used. However, the once-increased efficiency of the filtration system was lost when the runoff solution was changed to water. The microbe removal efficiency of the filtration system fluctuated according to the microbe density in the influent, but the efficiency was affected more by the ripening state of the filter system.