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Background Extracellular matrix (ECM) is remodeled during carcinogenesis. An abundant constituent of ECM is collagen. Type I collagen is secreted by fibroblasts, is important for tumor growth and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition, and may also be secreted by cancer cells. However, the role and function of cancer‐derived Type I collagen in the tumor microenvironment remains unclear. Methods We used immunohistochemistry and Western blot to detect Type I collagen expression in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines, respectively. We assessed the migration and adhesion capability of these cells in vivo by inhibiting Type I collagen in tumors. Relevant data were extracted from a large cohort study of The Cancer Genome Atlas to analyze messenger RNA levels. Protein expression of Type I collagen was further determined in tumor tissues of patients using tissue microarray. Results Cancer cell lines secreted Type I collagen. The molecular weight of cancer‐derived Type I collagen was different from that secreted by cancer‐associated fibroblasts and normal fibroblasts. Expression levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 (subtypes of Type I collagen) messenger RNA in NSCLC and ESCC tumors were higher than in normal tissues, but were not associated with tumor node metastasis stages. Low expression of Type I collagen was significantly associated with poor overall survival and cancer cell differentiation. Conclusion NSCLC and ESCC cells could produce Type I collagen endogenously, revealing the potential functions of Type I collagen in cancer development. Cancer‐derived Type I collagen was associated with overall survival and cancer cell differentiation.

The present paper commented on Zhou et al. (2019) published on Science of the Total Environment. The authors measured the Pb concentration and bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of a few species of insects collected from Sichuan, China. However, based on the photos of the graphical abstract, we doubt the identification of the species. The biomass of the dung beetles was re-measured based on the specimens from Taiwan of the same species. The results are highly different than the authors, which positively affected the results and discussion. The experimental design should be based on actual food chains along with basal entomological knowledge. In conclusion, we recommend that studies on interactions between insects and the environment are conducted through collaboration with entomologists to ensure taxonomy and functional ecology are correctly identified.

Dasycerus poseidon Hu & Liang, sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on fresh specimens from central and southern Taiwan, which filled in the disjunct distribution between the Japanese archipelago and south-eastern Asia. The new species represents the first record of the subfamily Dasycerinae in Taiwan. The barcoding sequence of the holotype of D. poseidon Hu & Liang, sp. nov.is provided, and revealed a surprisingly large genetic distance within the genus. Detailed illustrations of D. poseidon Hu & Liang, sp. nov. by scanning electron micrograph and micro-computed tomography are also provided. Living individuals of D. poseidon Hu & Liang, sp. nov. were observed eating the mycelium of Pleurotus ostreatus in lab conditions, which represents the first direct evidence of mycophagous habits of Dasycerinae.

Trictenotoma davidi Deyrolle, 1875 and T. formosanaKriesche, 1919 are the only insular Palaearctic Trictenotomidae. Both species are related and T. formosana was originally defined on the basis of unstable morphological features and originally described as a subspecies of T. davidi. In this paper, a detailed redescription of T. formosana is provided, male and female genital organs are described and illustrated for the first time and the lectotype is designated. Hainan (China) records of T. davidi are presented and morphological variability of this taxon is discussed. The first observation of Trictenotomidae mating behaviour is briefly described.

Hu, Fang-Shuo, Shaw, Josh Jenkins (2020): Book Review. The Coleopterists Bulletin 74 (3): 536-537, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-74.3.536, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/0010-065x-74.3.536

Polyculture farming, where multiple crop species are grown simultaneously, has potential to reduce pesticide and water usage, while improving the utilization of soil nutrients. However, it is much harder to automate than monoculture. As a first step toward developing automation control policies for polyculture farming, we present AlphaGardenSim, a fast, first order, open-access simulator that integrates single plant growth models with inter-plant dynamics, including light and water competition between plants in close proximity. The simulator approximates growth in a real greenhouse garden at 9, 000X the speed of natural growth, allowing for policy parameter tuning. We present an analytic automation policy that in simulation reduced water use and achieved high coverage and plant diversity compared with other policies, even in the presence of invasive species. Code and supplementary material can be found at https://github.com/BerkeleyAutomation/AlphaGarden.

As a result of the integrative (morphology and DNA barcodes) revision of the Taiwanese species of the rove beetle genus Quedius belonging to the abnormalis group, in the subgenus Microsaurus , three valid hypogean species are reported for the fauna of this island: Quedius masuzoi Watanabe, 1989 , Q. nishikawai Watanabe, 1991 and Q. adilus sp. nov. A new synonymy, Quedius masuzoi = Quedius chiangi Smetana, 1995 syn. nov., is established along with providing additional records, a larval description and bionomic information for this species. Finally, the biogeographic origin of the abnormalis group in Taiwan is discussed.

Fikáček, Martin, Hu, Fang-Shuo, Aston, Paul, Jia, Feng-Long, Liang, Wei-Ren, Liu, Hsing-Che, Minoshima, Yûsuke N. (2020): Comparative morphology of immature stages and adults of Hydroscapha from Taiwan, with description of a new species from Hong Kong (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Hydroscaphidae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68: 334-349, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0051

Hu, Fang-Shuo, Pollock, Darren A., Telnov, Dmitry (2020): Comparative morphology of immature Trictenotoma formosana Kriesche, 1919 and systematic position of the Trictenotomidae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea). European Journal of Taxonomy 640: 1-22, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2020.640

Trictenotoma formosana Kriesche, 1919 Figs 1���27 Description Last-instar larva (Figs 1���17, 27) LARVA. Tenebrionoid. Body elongate (body length: 77.3 mm (74���83 mm, n = 4), from mandibles to posterior extent of urogomphi), parallel-sided, slightly to moderately flattened dorsoventrally; colour pale yellow, darker on anterior half of head (including mouthparts, antennae, maxillary labial palps), tarsunguli and apices of urogomphi. Basal half of head, legs, and bases of urogomphi reddish-brown. Dorsal and ventral surfaces of body (excluding legs) with two distinct types of ornamentation: scattered, elongate setae in a regular pattern on tergites and sternites; and narrow, sclerotized, longitudinally oriented ridges (the latter often very short and tubercle-like, especially on venter of meso- and metathorax) medially on most sternites and tergites. HEAD (Figs3���4, 27). Prognathous, exserted from prothorax, with lateral edges slightly and evenly rounded; dorsal surface punctate, somewhat rugose, with sparse, elongate setae; dorsolateral setae as follows: oblique pair laterally on each side of clypeus; single seta on epicranial plate just laterad widest extent of lyriform frontal arms of epicranial suture; transverse pair on frons just anteriad anterior curve in frontal arms; several setae on lateral margins of epicranial plate mainly in anterior half; ventral setae as follows: transverse pair near base of antennae; several setae along moderately raised ventral epicranial ridges; epicranial suture with lyriform frontal arms, extending to just behind antennal insertions; epicranial stem very short; posterior edge of epicranial plate deeply incised medially, margins bisinuate; endocarinae absent; stemmata absent; labrum rectangular, about twice as wide as long, anterior corners rounded, with dense row of relatively stout setae along anterior margin. Mandibles (Figs 7���9) large, heavily sclerotized, asymmetrical, tridentate apically; inner margin of left mandible with distinct premolar tooth, slightly ventral in placement; mola present on both mandibles, larger on left mandible; mola on left mandible with two slightly dentate ridges, anteriormost larger; mola on right mandible with single ridge; molae with transverse ridges without dorsal asperities; dorsal microtrichiae absent; both mandibles with scattered, short setae especially on lateral margins. Maxillae (Fig. 5) with 2-segmented cardo and truncate mala; mala with a row of dense, moderately long spines along inner margin and a long (subequal in length to width across distal end of mala) acute split tooth on inner edge; stipes punctured, apically and on outer margin sparsely spinose. Maxillary articulating area distinct. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented, 2 nd maxillary palpomere longer than 1 st or 3 rd palpomere; distal maxillary palpomere narrowed apically. Labium without suture between gula and submentum (forming ���gulamentum���); submentum rectangular, slightly longer than wide, with a pair of setae at about midlength; mentum punctured, longer than wide and widest at its midlength, with pair of stiff setae along each lateral margin, suture between prementum and mentum not clear. Ligula absent (present in first instar, see below); labial palpi 3-segmented, 2 nd labial palpomere longer than palpomere 1 or 3; apical labial palpomeres narrowed apically. Hypostomal ridges present; hypostomal rods absent. Antennae (Fig. 6) prominent, 3-segmented; 2 nd antennomere shorter and narrower than basal antennomere; antennomere 3 short and narrow (ratio: 1.61: 1.16: 0.23). Sensorium absent. Antennomeres 1 and 2 with sparse setae especially along inner margins; antennomere 3 with few setae on apex. THORAX (Figs 11���12). Prothorax transverse, subquadrate, approximately as long as combined lengths of meso- and metathorax; several setae on lateral margin and pair of setae near posterolateral corner; meso- and metathorax subequal in length, with inverted ���V-shaped��� field of short longitudinal ridges along anterior margin, occupying middle �� of tergites; behind anterior field of ridges is another group of ridges, extending posteriorly as slightly curved line; dorsal setae of meso- and metathorax in similar positions: several along lateral margin, one near posterolateral angle and one slightly removed from lateral margin at about half length of segment; ventral surface of prothorax flat, with pair of setae near procoxal cavity, lacking longitudinal ridges; meso- and metathorax ventrally with a V-shaped impression at midlength, anterior to which is a dense field of longitudinal ridges (with a few ridges posteriad impressions). Mesothoracic spiracle annular, large and oval, laterotergite not distinctly produced. Legs (Fig. 10) 5-segmented, short, with spine-like, stiff, elongated setae especially on ventral and anterior surfaces; dorsal margin of femora distinctly curved, apex much wider than base; coxa with short setae; tarsungulus relatively short, stout, with constriction at or before midlength, without distinct spine or setae at its base. ABDOMEN (Figs 13���17). Elongate, segments 1���8 subhexagonal, widest at about midlength; segment 1 slightly shorter than segment 2, segments 2���8 subequal in length and width; tergite 9 (Fig. 16) nearly half-circular (excluding urogomphi); tergite 9 slightly shorter and narrower than tergite 8; tergites 1���8 with distinct sinuous parabasal ridge and narrow ���V-shaped��� field of moderately long longitudinal ridges; sternites 1���8 with a curved impression, two subparallel median impressions and a relatively dense field of short longitudinal ridges; spiracles annular, ovoid, moderately large. Sternite 9 (Fig. 15) with asperities along anterior margin, forming two slightly arcuate rows of 12���15 asperities each, outermost asperity larger than others; tergite 9 extended ventrally around anus, forming a series of small plates; tergite 9 (Fig. 16) relatively densely punctate medially (especially compared to anterior tergites), with two small U-shaped predistal protrusions, each bearing an inconspicuous erect seta; dorsal setae placed similarly on tergites 2���8: several long setae along lateral margin, pair of setae on each side along posterior margin towards midline; scattered short setae among medial ridges, one or two setae on posterior half of tergites towards posterolateral margin; ventral setae as follows: two short setae on each side medially, near anterior edge of ridge field; one seta just posterior to ridge field, one or two setae near posterolateral corner. Urogomphi (Figs 15���17) short, hook-like, curved dorsally, outer margins subparallel and inner margins divergent posteriorly; several moderately long setae on distal half of urogomphi; urogomphal pit(s) and lip absent. First-instar larva (Figs 18���26) BODY. Elongate (body length: 1.66 mm (1.47���1.81 mm, n = 20) from mandibles to urogomphi), parallelsided, flattened dosorventrally. Colour translucent-yellow, darker on apices of mandibles; dorsal and ventral surfaces of body (excluding legs) with two distinct types of ornamentation: scattered, elongate setae in a regular pattern on tergites and sternites; and narrow, short spines medially on most sternites and tergites. HEAD (Figs 20���21, 26). Prognathous, exserted from prothorax, with lateral edges slightly and evenly rounded; head slightly wider than long; dorsal surface glossy, not punctate, with sparse, elongate setae; dorsolateral setae as follows: six pairs on labrum (two pairs on apex, three pairs on lateral surface, one pair on middle near base), two pairs on each side of clypeus, a pair on frons near base of antennae, a pair on frons just anteriad of anterior curve in frontal arms, a pair in front of stemmatal complex, three pairs behind stemmatal complex, a pair of long setae between frontal arms and stemmatal complex, a pair in middle of epicranial plate, a pair between stemmatal complex and base of head; ventral setae as follows: two pairs on oblique-frontal frons, a pair near base of stipes, another pair below this pair; epicranial suture with short lyriform frontal arms; epicranial stem indistinct; endocarinae absent; 5 stemmata on each side (Fig. 26), forming anterior column of 3 and posterior column of 2; labrum half-circular. Mandibles sclerotized, slightly asymmetrical, tridentate apically; mola not clear on either mandible; both mandibles with an inner tooth. Maxillae with 2-segmented cardo and truncate mala; mala with a row of dense, moderately long spines along inner margin and a truncated tooth on inner edge; few spines on apex of truncated tooth; stipes with four setae on each side. Maxillary articulating area distinct. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented, 2 nd maxillary palpomere longer than 1 st or 3 rd palpomere; apical maxillary palpomere narrowed apically. Labium without suture between gula and submentum (forming ���gulamentum���); submentum rectangular, slightly longer than wide; mentum wider than long and widest at midlength, with pair of stiff setae in middle; suture between prementum and mentum not clear. Ligula present; labial palpi 3-segmented, 2 nd labial palpomere longer than palpomere 1 or 3. Hypostomal ridges and hypostomal rods absent. Antennae prominent, 3-segmented; 2 nd antennomere longer and wider than basal antennomere; antennomere 3 short and narrow; sensorium absent. Antennomere 1 with single seta on inner margin; antennomere 2 with four apical setae. THORAX (Figs 22���23). Prothorax transverse, subquadrate, approximately as long as combined lengths of meso- and metathorax; dorsolateral setae and spines as follows: pair of long setae on anterior one fourth of prothorax, pair of short spines near this pair of setae; pair of setae on antero-lateral part of prothorax; two pairs of setae on lateral margin of prothorax; pair of setae on posterior-lateral part of prothorax; pair of setae on base of prothorax; three pairs of short spines near frontal margin of mesothorax; two pairs of setae on lateral margin of mesothorax; pair of setae on base of mesothorax; two pairs of short spines on frontal margin of metathorax; pair of setae on antero-lateral part of metathorax; two pairs of setae on lateral margin of metathorax; pair of setae on base of metathorax; ventral spines as follows: five pairs of spines spread on frontal half of prothorax; a pair of short spines on frontal margin of mesothorax and metathorax. Mesothoracic spiracle annular and round. Legs 5-segmented, with spine-like, stiff, elongated setae especially on ventral and anterior surfaces. ABDOMEN (Figs 22���25). Elongate, segments 1���8 subhexagonal, length and width similar in all segments; tergite 9 (Fig. 24) nearly half-circular (excluding urogomphi); tergite 9 slightly longer and narrower than tergite 8; dorsolateral setae and spines of tergites 2���8 (Fig. 22) as follows: two pairs of spines near middle of tergites; with pair of setae near lateral margin of tergites on both sides; pair of long setae on lateral margin of tergites; a pair of long setae on lateral-posterior part of tergites; ventral setae and spines on sternites 2���8 (Fig. 23) as follows: six pairs of spines or setae spread on each sternite; a pair of spines on posterior-lateral parts of sternites; a pair of long setae on lateral margins; segment 9 with paired urogomphi, about 1.5 �� as long as segment 8, hook-like and curved dorsally; urogomphal pit(s) and lip absent; dorsolateral setae of tergite 9 and urogomphi (Fig. 24) as follows: a pair on frontal-lateral margin of segment 9, a pair between posterior margin of segment 9 and urogomphi, a pair on midlength of urogomphi, a pair of short setae on apex of urogomphi, sternite 9 with a half-circular ridge; ventral setae of sternite 9 and urogomphi (Fig. 25) as follows: two pairs on frontal margin of sternite 9, a pair of setae on middle plate of sternite 9, a pair of long setae on lateral sternite 9, a pair of short setae at �� length of urogomphi, a pair of long setae near midlength of urogomphi, a pair of long and a pair of short setae near apex of urogomphi. Description of the pupa (Figs 28���36) PUPA. Adecticous-exarate, whitish to creamy with reddish to orange spiracles and darker mandibular apices. Body slightly to moderately flattened dorso-ventrally, with two distinct types of ornamentation: scattered, elongate setae on spherical protrusions and tergites; and extremely fine setae medially on most sternites and tergites (Figs 35���36). HEAD. Deflexed ventrally, not visible in dorsal view. Eyes large and reniform, narrow, broadly shallowly emarginate anteriorly and posteriorly. Frons dorsally shallowly impressed, delicately transversely wrinkled between antennal insertions. Clypeus and labrum delicately transversely wrinkled. Mandibles externally semioval, apices pointed, internally sinuous. Antennae long, extending to third abdominal ventrite. THORAX. Pronotum trapezoidal, with moderately curved lateral and anterior margins; lateral margins irregularly carinate; disc with two median longitudinal carinae. Mesonotum with scutellar shield; mesonotum with irregularly wrinkled median protrusion; elytra well developed. Metathoracic notum oval, longer than mesothoracic notum and abdominal ventrites 1���6; anterior margin with semicircular groove. ABDOMEN. Ventrites 1���6 subrectangular (tergite 6 broadly rounded posteriorly); widest at segment 3, narrowest at segment 6; segments each with a lateral ridge which has a spherical protrusion (weakly developed on segments 1 and 2) (Fig. 34); tergites 2���7 with second spherical protrusion (Fig. 34) on postero-lateral margin (weakly developed on tergite 2); 2���5 long setae on each spherical protrusion. Tergites 1 and 2 laterally wrinkled in dorsal view; tergites 2 and 3 with a median longitudinal groove; sternite 7 subrectangular, with four small protrusions on posterior margin; tergite 7 subpentagonal, with some longitudinal wrinkles; group of about 70 extremely fine setae medially on tergites 1���6 (Fig. 35), about 30 on tergite 7; about 70 extremely fine setae on sternite 3 (first visible)���6; setae on sternite separated into 3 distinct groups, a grouping of about 30 setae on each side of sternite and about 10 setae spread medially on sternite (Fig. 36). Sternite 9 with two oval, wrinkled and flake-like lateral protrusions; protrusion apex narrow and spherical. Urogomphi (Figs 31���33) short and columnar.Abdominal spiracles (Fig. 34) oblong, prominent, with strongly sclerotized peritreme, present on segments 1���6., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, Pollock, Darren A. & Telnov, Dmitry, 2020, Comparative morphology of immature Trictenotoma formosana Kriesche, 1919 and systematic position of the Trictenotomidae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea), pp. 1-22 in European Journal of Taxonomy 640 on pages 3-17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.640, http://zenodo.org/record/3805541, {"references":["Kriesche R. 1919. Bemerkungen uber einige Trictenotomiden. (Coleopt.). Archiv fur Naturgeschichte 82 A (11): 150."]}

Miobdelus humilis sp. nov. is described as new. A lectotype is designated for Staphylinus (Xanthocypus) miwai Bernhauer, 1943 and Thoracostrongylus miyakei Bernhauer, 1943. Ocypus (Ocypus) miwai (Bernhauer, 1943) is transferred from Ocypus Leach, 1819 to Sphaerobulbus Smetana, 2003 and the species is re-described based on types and modern specimens. A female description of Apecholinus imitator Smetana & Hu, 2019 is provided. Creophilus flavipennis Hope, 1831, Nelmanwaslus ornatus Smetana, 2006, Ontholestes oculatus (Sharp, 1874) and Platydracus juang Smetana, 2005 are reported for the first time from Taiwan. Ontholestes oculatus is re-described based on Taiwanese material, representing the first record of the genus Ontholestes Ganglbauer, 1895 in Taiwan. Platydracus juang is considered to be a termitophilous species, associated with Reticulitermes leptomandibularis (Hsia & Fan, 1965), which would represent the first report of termitophily in the subtribe Staphylinina. Additional records of C. maxillosus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758), Agelosus auricomus Smetana & Hu, 2019, Apecholinus fraternus Fairmaire, 1891, Miobdelus taiwanensis taiwanensis Smetana, 2001, Naddia taiwanensis Shibata, 1979 and Thoracostrongylus formosanus Shibata, 1982 are provided. Habitus photos of the above species and Dinothenarus choui Smetana, 1992 are also provided. A preliminary checklist of Staphylinina in Taiwan is proposed.

Ocypus group Agelosus auricomus Smetana & Hu, 2019 Apecholinus canifer Smetana & Hu, 2019 Apecholinus fraternus Fairmaire, 1891 Apecholinus imitator Smetana & Hu, 2019 Dinothenarus (Dinothenarus) choui Smetana, 1992 Eucibdelus sauteri Bernhauer, 1943 Eucibdelus (Pareucibdelus) shibatai Hayashi, 1998 Miobdelus choui Smetana, 2001 Miobdelus humilis sp. nov. Miobdelus insularis insularis Smetana, 2001 Miobdelus insularis kuai Smetana, 2001 Miobdelus insularis tenchi Smetana, 2001 Miobdelus taiwanensis apicalis Smetana, 2001 Miobdelus taiwanensis taiwanensis Smetana, 2001 Nelmanwaslus ornatus Smetana, 2006 Sphaerobulbus miwai (Bernhauer, 1943) comb. nov. Phytolinus formosanus Naomi, 1984 Trichocosmetes minor Schillhammer, 2001, Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on page 357, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Smetana, A. & Hu, F. - S. (2019) The genera Agelosus Sharp, 1889 and Apecholinus Bernhauer, 1933 in Taiwan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini: Staphylinina). Zootaxa, 4638 (3), 379 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4638.3.4","Smetana, A. (1992) The Himalayan and East Asiatic species of Dinothenarus Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae). Bulletin of National Museum of Natural Science, 3, 187 - 198.","Bernhauer, M. (1943) Neuheiten der palaearktischen Staphylinidenfauna Zugleich 15 (Beitrag zur japanisch-chinesischen Fauna). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft e. V., 13 (1), 169 - 188.","Smetana, A. (2001) Contribution to the knowledge of the genera of the \" Staphylinus - complex \" (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of China Part 1. The review of the genus Miobdelus. Folia Heyrovskyana, 9 (3 - 4), 161 - 201.","Smetana, A. (2006) Contributions to the knowledge of the \" Staphylinus - complex \" (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylinini) of China. Part 11. The genus Wasmannellus Bernhauer, 1920 and Nelmanwaslus gen. nov. Zootaxa, 1316 (1), 33 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1316.1.2"]}

Nelmanwaslus ornatus Smetana, 2006 (Fig. 10) Type material. Holotype (male) in NHMW: China, W Hubei, 16. V.���12. VI. MUYUPING S.env. ~ 1300m, pitfall traps, 31.45N 110.4E, Jaroslav Turna leg., 2004// HOLOTYPE, Nelmanwaslus ornatus A. Smetana,2006 [red label]. The specimen is in good condition, mounted on the card, the terminal segment was dissected and mounted on a plastic card by Euparal. The holotype is missing segments 5���11 of the left antenna. Material examined. TAIWAN: Hualien County: 1 spec., Hsiulin Hualuhsi [��IJ��n'���], IV/29��� VI /1/2011, W. T. Yang & K.W.Huang, Malaise trap (KCN) (NMNS). Nantou County: 1 male, Chunyang [�����], IV/6��� V /11/2004, C. S. Lin & W. T. Yang, Malaise trap (KCN) (NMNS); 1 male, Xin-yi, Renlun logging rd. (k��IJ��), alt. ca. 1500m, 23.7239N, 120.9145E, pitfall trap no. 11., 11���17.IX.2019, Project no. TFBC-1070517 (FSHc). Diagnosis. Nelmanwaslus ornatus is the only species of the genus in Taiwan. In Taiwan, Nelmanwaslus ornatus can be distinguished from the similar genus Agelosus by the banding of grey tomentose pubescence on the elytra and relatively gracile body. Bionomics. Most of specimens of N. ornatus were collected by pitfall trap (Smetana 2006, this study) or Malaise trap. The specimen from Renlun logging road was collected by a carrion baited pitfall trap set in a middle elevation mountainous forest. Distribution. Nelmanwaslus ornatus is known from mainland China (Fujian and Hubei provinces) (Smetana 2006). The species is newly recorded from Taiwan (Hualien County and Nantou County). Remarks. When describing N. ornatus (Smetana 2006), one characteristic detail of the pronotum was not mentioned. The pronotal disc of the holotype of N. ornatus bears two spots of golden-yellow pubescence, though in one specimen from Taiwan they are sparser than that of the holotype (Fig. 10), perhaps due to its poor condition. The systematic position of Nelmanwaslus within Staphylinina is unclear. Smetana (2006) described this genus based on N. ornatus and transferred Wasmannellus stevensi (Camercon, 1932) to this genus. The general habitus of Nelmanwaslus is similar to Wasmannellus Bernhauer, 1920 (Smetana 2006). In the same work, Smetana (2006) compared Wasmannellus with Platydracus Thomson, 1858 stating that the genera are similar in habitus and share several characters but also show differences on the mandible. The male characters of Wasmannellus were not available because only one single female was known. Smetana (2008) described another species of Wasmannellus from China based on five males. As in Nelmanwaslus (Smetana 2006), the median lobe of aedeagus in this species of Wasmannellus is slightly asymmetrical and the paramere has asymmetrical torsion. The mandibular subdental indentation in both genera is also shared with the genus Agelosus (Smetana 2018), but this author did not consider Agelosus to be closely related to Nelmanwaslus and Wasmannellus. Based on the shape of mandibles and the shape of aedeagus and detailed examined of specimens of N. ornatus, both Nelmanwaslus and Wasmannellus should belong to the Ocypus group sensu Brunke & Smetana (2019) and are unrelated to Platydracus. To better understand the relationship between these two genera and other members of Staphylinina, a phylogenetic approach with broader taxon sampling is required., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on pages 341-342, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Smetana, A. (2006) Contributions to the knowledge of the \" Staphylinus - complex \" (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylinini) of China. Part 11. The genus Wasmannellus Bernhauer, 1920 and Nelmanwaslus gen. nov. Zootaxa, 1316 (1), 33 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1316.1.2","Smetana, A. (2008) Contributions to the knowledge of the \" Staphylinus - complex \" (Insecta: Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylinini) of China. Part 20. The genus Wasmannellus Bernhauer, 1920. Section 2. Zootaxa, 1791 (1), 53 - 56. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1791.1.2","Smetana, A. (2018) Review of the genera Agelosus Sharp, 1889, Apostenolinus Bernhauer, 1934 and Apecholinus Bernhauer, 1933 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini: Staphylinina). Zootaxa, 4471 (2), 201 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4471.2.1","Brunke, A. J. & Smetana, A. (2019) A new genus of Staphylinina and a review of major lineages (Stpahylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini). Systematics and Biodiversity, 17 (8), 745 - 758. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 14772000.2019.1691082"]}

Creophilus group Creophilus flavipennis (Hope, 1831) Creophilus maxillosus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Creophilus flavipennis Hope, 1831 (Fig. 1) Material examined. TAIWAN: Kinmen County: 2 females, Chinmen [Kinmen County], Liehyu (D���), 25. V.2015, leg. Y.- T. Wang (TARI). Taitung County: 3 males, 1 female, Central Cross-lsland Highway 2.7k (�����n'�� 2.7k), Lanyu Is., 22.0308, 121.5554, 30-III-2020, leg. C. T. Hsu & Y. Q. Huang by light trap (FSHc); 1 female, Langdao tribe (����������), Lanyu Island, 4-IV-2020, leg. Y. Q. Huang (FSHc). CHINA: Yunnan Province: 2 females, with Light, Nabang (�����), CCCC, 27. V.2016, leg. Y.- T. Wang (TARI); 2 males, same data as above except 27. V.2016 (TARI); 1 male, 1 female, same data as above except 18. VI.2017 (TARI); 1 male, CCCC, Banggunjianshan (�� ��Ŀ��), 20. V.2016, leg. Y.- T. Wang (TARI); 1 male, same data as above except 31. V.2016 (TARI); 1 male, 1 female, Lushuihe (�����Nj), 28.IV.2016, CCCC, leg. Y.- T. Wang, with Light (TARI); 1 female, Husa (FR��), 18.IX.2015, leg. Y.- T. Wang (TARI). VIETNAM: 1 male, 1 female, H�� N��i, Huy��n M�� Linh, 31. V.2014, leg. Y.- T. Wang (TARI); 2 males, 2 females, same data as above except 29. V.2014 (TARI); 1 female, B���c Giang, T��y Y��n T ���, 02. VI.2014, leg. Y.- T. Wang (TARI); 1 female, Ninh Binh, C��c Ph����ng, 04. VI.2014, leg. Y.- T. Wang (TARI). MALAYSIA: Sabah: 2 males, Mt. Kinabalu, 01. V.2014, leg. Y.- T. Wang; 1 female, Trusmadi, 20.III.2015, leg, Y.- T. Wang (TARI). MYANMAR: 3 males, Chin State, Mindat, CCCC, 22. V.2017. leg. Y.- T. Wang (TARI); 1 male, 1 female, Mandalay Region, Mt. Popa, CCCC, 26. V.2017, leg. Y.- T. Wang (TARI). Diagnosis. In Taiwan, C. flavipennis can be easily distinguished from C. maxillosus maxillosus by the presence of yellowish or brownish pubescence on the elytra and by the absence of pale pubescence on the abdominal tergites. Bionomics. Most specimens of this species have been collected from light traps, while others were collected from Malaise traps or from various carrion (Clarke 2011). The specimens from Lanyu island were collected by light trap set in tropical rainforest. Distribution. Creophilus flavipennis is widespread in the Oriental region, though the record from New Guinea remains uncertain (Clarke 2011, Hayashi & Sh��yama 2013, Newton 2019). Clarke (2011) reported C. flavipennis in mainland China based on a single specimen from Qinghai province. The species is newly recorded from Taiwan, and Yunnan province of mainland China. Remarks. Hayashi & Sh��yama (2013) reported C. flavipennis from Iriomote island (Japan) as well as present study newly reported this species from Lanyu island, off the coast of Taiwan island. Although C. flavipennis is reported here from the Kinmen Islands off the coast of Fujian province in mainland China, there are no records from Taiwan island. This interesting disjunction may suggest this species also occurs on Taiwan island but it has not been found by recent collecting., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on pages 335-336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Clarke, D. J. (2011) Testing the phylogenetic utility of morphological character systems, with a revision of Creophilus Leach (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 163, 723 - 812. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00725. x","Hayashi, Y. & Shoyama, M. (2013) First record of Creophilus flavipennis (Hope) from Japan (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Elytra, Tokyo, New Series, 3 (2), 204.","Newton, A. F. (2019) Staphyliniformia world catalog database (version Nov 2018): Staphylinoidea, Hydrophiloidea, Synteliidae. In: Roskov, Y., Ower, G., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P. M., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R. E., Decock, W., Nieukerken, E. van., Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L. (Eds.), Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. Naturalis, Leiden. Available from: www. catalogueoflife. org / col (accessed 2 January 2020)"]}

Dinothenarus (Dinothenarus) choui Smetana, 1992 (Fig. 7) Type material. Allotype (female) in NMNS: TAIWAN, Taichung Hsien [= Taichung City], Anmashan [Daxue Mt. (��ũ��)] 2230m, 30.IV.���4. V.90, A. Smetana [T32]// ALLOTYPE, Dinothenarus choui A. Smetana 1991 [hand writing, red label]// 057621. The specimen in good condition, mounted on the card, the terminal segment was dissected and mounted on a plastic card by Euparal. Diagnosis. Dinothenarus choui is the only species of the genus in Taiwan. It can be easily distinguished from other Staphylinina in Taiwan by its reddish-orange head. Apecholinus fraternus: male. 5���6. Apecholinus imitator: female and female tergite 10. 7. Dinothenarus choui: female, allotype and attached labels. Scale bars: 1���5, 7: 3 mm; 6: 0.5 mm Bionomics. Types were collected under damaged bags of rotting fertiliser or from a dung baited pitfall trap (Smetana 1992). It seems to be associated with putrefaction. Distribution. Dinothenarus choui is only known from two counties in central and southern Taiwan (Taichung City and Chiayi County) (Smetana 1992)., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on pages 337-339, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Smetana, A. (1992) The Himalayan and East Asiatic species of Dinothenarus Thomson (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae). Bulletin of National Museum of Natural Science, 3, 187 - 198."]}

Sphaerobulbus miwai (Bernhauer, 1943) comb. nov. (Figs. 11���12, 28���34, 52) Type material. Lectotype (male, designated here), in FMNH: Nokosan [Taiwan, Nantou County, Nenggao Mt. (DZ �����)], II. V.1919 // miwai Bernh n. sp. [hand writing]// miwai Bernh. Typus, Xanthocypus [hand writing, red label]// Chicago NHMus, M. Bernhauer Collection// FMNHINS 3855894, FILED MUSEUM Pinned [QR code label]. The specimen is in poor condition, remounted on the card, its pronotal disc at the right side bears a hole from the pin. The genital segment was dissected, preserved in glycerin, in a small plastic vial pinned with specimen. Almost both antennae were separated from the head and mounted on the same card, left antenna was missing segment 9���11; right antenna was missing 4 segments, but it is difficult to recognize which segments remain. Tibia of right fore leg and right hind leg, tarsus of right fore leg, right middle leg and right hind leg are missing. Left middle leg was separated from the body and mounted on the same card. Paralectotype (female), in TARI: NUMANOHIRA [Taiwan, Chiayi County, Chaoping (������), 24-VIII-1927 // Staphylinus miwai Bernh n. sp. [hand writing]. The specimen in very poor condition, remounted on the plastic card, its right elytron bears a large hole from the pin. The genital segment was dissected, mounted on the same plastic card. Nearly both antennae were missing, only first two segments of left antenna remain. Left hind leg, right middle leg right hind leg, tarsus of left fore leg, right fore leg and middle left leg are missing. Material examined. TAIWAN: Chiayi County: 1 female, Tefuye Historic Trail (Ĥ���o�����), Alishan To., 23.4792, 120.8252, 30-IV-2019, leg. H. C. Liu (near creek) (FSHc); 1 male, Shi Mt. race (����NJ �����), Alishan To, 23.4731, 120.8458, alt. 2320 m, 08-III-2020, leg. Y. H. Ho (under stone) (FSHc). Nantou County: 2 females, Bilu Mt. Trail (ąn'�������), Renai To., ca. 2600m, 24.1901, 121.3138, 31-III-2020; leg. F. S. Hu & Y. J. Chen (under rock) (FSHc); 1 male, Meifeng (đ��), Renai To., ca. 2113m, 24.0973, 121.1764; 31-III-2020; leg. F. S. Hu & Y. J. Chen (sifting leaf litters) (FSHc); Taichung City: 1 male, Hseuhshan, above Shan-Liu-Gieu Hut [369 ������], 3350m, 10. V.91, A. Smetana [T 75]// Staphylinus miwai Brnh, Smetana det. 1991 [NMNS ENT 1283-12] (NMNS); 1 female, same data as above [NMNS ENT 1283-2] (NMNS); 1 spec., same data as above// Ocypus miwai Brnh. det. A. Smetana 1998// Ocypus (Ocypus) miwai Bernh. Det. A. Smetana, 2000 (FMNH); 1 spec., same data as above// Ocypus (Ocypus) miwai Brnh. Det. A. Smetana 2000 (FMNH); 1 male, 1 female, same data as above except 3200m, 8���10. V.91, [T 70] [NMNS ENT 1283-3; NMNS ENT 1283-4] (NMNS); 1 female, same data as above except 8. V.91, [T 72] [NMNS ENT 1283-13] (NMNS); 1 male, Tian Pond (Ŧ��), Heping Dist., 24.2800, 121.0260 (alt. 2583m), 08-VI-2019, leg. F. S. Hu (under stone) (FSHc); 1 male, same data as above except 23-IX-2018, leg. S. T. Chang (FSHc). Measurements. BL: 12.07 (11.93���12.21); HL: 1.98 (1.78���2.21); HW: 2.44 (2.22���2.82); EyL: 0.63 (0.58���0.66); TL: 0.95 (0.82���1.20); PL: 2.55 (2.28���2.76); ElL: 2.21 (1.94���2.59) (mm). Re-description. Small species. Habitus (Figs. 11���12) with dark reddish to piceous-black body; head and neck covered with black to brownish tomentose pubescence, denser on tempora; pronotum, elytra and tergite 3���5 covered with black tomentose pubescence; tergite 6���8 covered with dense yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence, sometimes this pubescence is sparser on tergite 8; femora and tibiae dark red to piceous-black, tarsus brick red; legs covered with paler yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence, denser on fore legs; antennal segments 1���3 black but basal half of segment 2 brick red; segment 4���11 brownish red, gradually become paler. Head obtusely quadrangular, not dilated posteriad, with rounded posterior angles, wider than long (ratio: 1.23); eyes small, tempora markedly longer than length of eyes in dorsal view (ratio: 1.51); dorsal surface of head densely covered with fine punctation. Antennae moderately long, segment 1 (scape) markedly longer than other segments; segment 2 slightly shorter than segment 1 and segment 3 but markedly longer than other segments; segments 4���10 longer than wide, gradually become shorter; last segment longer than wide, asymmetrically emarginate. Thorax. Pronotum longer than wide, not dilated in anterior part; lateral margins of pronotum parallel; disc of pronotum with narrow impunctate midline, not obvious anteriorly, with weak expansion in front of posterior margin of pronotum; punctation similar to that of head. Scutellum large, with dense black setae. First four segments of front tarsus markedly dilated, sub-bilobed, covered with dense setae ventrally, sexes not distinctly different. Elytra markedly wider than long; shorter than pronotum (ratio: 0.87); anterior margin of humeral area not dilated; slightly dilated posteriad. Hind wing markedly reduced. Abdomen. Tergite 7 (fifth visible) without apical palisade fringe; tergite 2 (anterior to first fully visible tergite) with dense setae; general punctation of tergites moderately fine and dense, spread evenly on each tergite. Male. Sternite 8 (Fig. 31) with obvious, deep and obtuse medioapical emargination; sternite 9 (Fig. 32) without extended basal portion, apical portion with deep and narrow medioapical emargination. Tergite 10 (Fig. 33) subtrapezoidal, with a narrow arcuate apex; numerous brownish setae on posterior margin. Aedeagus (Figs. 28���29) large, with both median lobe and paramere asymmetrical; median lobe in ventral view sub-parallel along most of its length, at about midlength, gradually narrowing to left side; bulbus markedly spherical. Paramere slender, not extended beyond median lobe, slightly wider before apical portion; apical portion of underside of paramere (Fig. 30) without sensory peg setae but bearing few long setae on the margins of both sides apically. Female genital segment. Tergite 10 (Fig. 34) subtrapezoidal, similar to male tergite 10, apical margin of female tergite 10 more sharply projecting than that of male; setae on apical margin denser than male. Diagnosis. Due to the relatively small size of Sp. miwai (12.07 mm on average), it can only be confused with Sp. pusio Smetana, 2005 and Sp. radani Smetana, 2016. However, it can be easily distinguished from these two species by the presence of dense yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence on the tergites 6���8 sometimes even covering tergites 6���7. Sphaerobulbus miwai is the only member of this genus in Taiwan. It can be distinguished from almost all other Staphylinina by the single simple tooth on each mandible. This character is shared with the genus Apecholinus but in Taiwan, Sp. miwai can be distinguished by the elytra markedly shorter than pronotum and the much smaller size. Bionomics. Based on an import of locality name into Google Earth from collection data (Bernhauer 1943 and this study), the species occurs from 2113���3350 m. Apparently, this species only occurs on high mountains. Some specimens of Sp. miwai were collected by pitfall traps set in Abies forest (as in photos 8 and 9 in Smetana 1995: p.13). The specimens from Tian Pond were collected from under stones on a grassland near the trail. The specimen from Tefuye Historic Trail was collected from under a stone near a creek. The specimen from Meifeng was collected by sifting leaf litters in forest. Distribution. Sphaerobulbus miwai is restricted to high elevation mountainous areas in central and southern Taiwan including Chiayi County, Nantou County and Taichung City. The reduced hindwings suggest that Sp. miwai is an endemic species to the island with distribution restricted to the high mountainous areas of central and southern Taiwan. Remarks. Bernhauer (1943) described Staphylinus (Xanthocypus) miwai based on two specimens from Taiwan. Herein, I re-examined the type series of this species and discovered that its morphology fits the generic definition of the genus Sphaerobulbus Smetana, 2003 based on the presence of only one simple tooth on the medial margin of each mandible and remarkably spherical bulbus of the aedeagus. Hence, I move this species to the genus Sphaerobulbus., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on pages 342-343, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Bernhauer, M. (1943) Neuheiten der palaearktischen Staphylinidenfauna Zugleich 15 (Beitrag zur japanisch-chinesischen Fauna). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft e. V., 13 (1), 169 - 188.","Smetana, A. & Davies, A. (2000) Reclassification of the North temperate taxa associated with Staphylinus sensu lato, including comments on relevant subtribes of Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). American Museum Novitates, 3287, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2000) 287 2.0. CO; 2","Smetana, A. (1995) Revision of the tribes Quediini and Tanygnathinini. Part III. Taiwan. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung city, Special Publication, 6, 1 - 145.","Smetana, A. (2003) Contributions to the knowledge of the genera of the \" Staphylinus - complex \" (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of China Part 4. Key to the Chinese genera, treatment of the genera Collocypus gen. n., Ocychinus gen. n., Sphaerobulbus gen. n., Aulacocypus and Apecholinus, and comments on the genus Protocypus. Folia Heyrovskyana, 11 (2), 57 - 135."]}

Platydracus group Naddia ishiharai Shibata, 1994 Naddia monticola Shibata, 1994 Naddia taiwanensis Shibata, 1979 Ontholestes oculatus Sharp, 1874 Platydracus (Platydracus) circumcinctus (Bernhauer, 1914) Platydracus (Platydracus) formosae (Bernhauer, 1933) Platydracus (Platydracus) juang Smetana, 2005 Platydracus (Platydracus) plagiicollis (Fairmaire, 1891) Thoracostrongylus formosanus Shibata, 1982 Thoracostrongylus miyakei Bernhauer, 1943, Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on page 358, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Shibata, Y. (1979) New or little-known Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) from Taiwan, I. Entomological Review of Japan, 33 (1 / 2), 19 - 29.","Shibata, Y. (1982) A new species of the genus Thoracostrongylus Bernhauer from Taiwan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 16 (1 - 2), 71 - 76.","Bernhauer, M. (1943) Neuheiten der palaearktischen Staphylinidenfauna Zugleich 15 (Beitrag zur japanisch-chinesischen Fauna). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft e. V., 13 (1), 169 - 188."]}

Agelosus auricomus Smetana & Hu, 2019 (Figs. 3, 50) Material examined. TAIWAN: New Taipei City: 1 female, Guishan (����), Wulai Dist., 24.9021, 121.5510, ca. 80m, 13-IV-2012, leg. L. C. Shih (FSHc). Nantou County: 1 spec., CCCC, Shihmenshan (�������), 03.III.2019. leg. S.-P. Wu (TARI). Yilan County: 1 male, Fushan Botanical Garden (AE�� ���������), Yunnan To., 26-II-2020, leg. S. S. Lu (FSHc). Diagnosis. Agelosus auricomus is the only species of the genus in Taiwan. It can be distinguished from most Staphylinina in Taiwan by the mandibles each with a subdental indentation. However, this character convergently evolved in the genus Nelmanwaslus Smetana, 2006. So far, only N. ornatus Smetana, 2006 has been found in Taiwan and is newly reported in this paper. Agelosus auricomus can be easily distinguished from N. ornatus by the patches of golden-yellow tomentose pubescence on the elytra (Fig. 3). Bionomics. Based on an import of locality name into Google Earth from collection data (Smetana & Hu 2019), Ag. auricomus occurs from 20��� 800 m. Apparently, the species only occurs in the lowlands or low mountains. The specimen from Guishan was collected from the foot of a mountain near Nanshi River (ĦB���). Smetana & Hu (2019) reported a specimen that was collected from under a stone in a valley in mixed wood forest. Distribution. Agelosus auricomus is at present known from Taiwan, including Nantou County, New Taipei City, Taipei City and Yilan County (Smetana & Hu 2019 and this study). The additional specimen from Nantou indicates that this species is perhaps widespread in Taiwan. Apecholinus fraternus Fairmaire, 1891 (Fig. 4) Material examined. TAIWAN: Hsinchu County: 1 spec., Talutrail (�����IJ��), 01.VIII.2015, leg. Y.-L. Lin (TARI). Nantou County: 1 male, Meifeng (đ��), Renai To., 05-VI-2019, leg. W. Z. Wang (FSHc). Diagnosis. Apecholinus fraternus can be distinguished from all other species of Apecholinus in Taiwan by the lack of golden-yellow or grey tomentose pubescence on the body. Bionomics. Based on an import of locality name into Google Earth from collection data (Hayashi 1978, Smetana 2018, Smetana & Hu 2019), Ap. fraternus occurs from 1400���2600 m in Taiwan. Some specimens of this species were collected by pitfall traps, but nothing known about the habitat the traps were set in (Smetana 2018, Smetana & Hu 2019). Smetana & Hu (2019) reported a specimen collected from under a rock near a creek. Distribution. Apecholinus fraternus is widespread in mainland China including Guangxi, Guizhou, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan. The species also widespread in Taiwan including Chiayi County, Hsinchu County, Hualien County, Nantou County and Taichung City (Smetana 2018, Smetana & Hu 2019). The specimen from Hsinchu represents the first specimen from northern Taiwan. Remarks. The name ��� Agelosus fraternus ��� in the ���Geographical distribution��� section of Ap. fraternus in Smetana & Hu (2019) should be corrected to ��� Apecholinus fraternus ���., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on pages 336-337, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Smetana, A. & Hu, F. - S. (2019) The genera Agelosus Sharp, 1889 and Apecholinus Bernhauer, 1933 in Taiwan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini: Staphylinina). Zootaxa, 4638 (3), 379 - 388. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4638.3.4","Smetana, A. (2006) Contributions to the knowledge of the \" Staphylinus - complex \" (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylinini) of China. Part 11. The genus Wasmannellus Bernhauer, 1920 and Nelmanwaslus gen. nov. Zootaxa, 1316 (1), 33 - 43. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1316.1.2","Hayashi, Y. (1978) Notes on Staphylinidae from Taiwan, II. (Coleoptera). Entomological Reivew of Japan, 31, 29 - 31.","Smetana, A. (2018) Review of the genera Agelosus Sharp, 1889, Apostenolinus Bernhauer, 1934 and Apecholinus Bernhauer, 1933 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini: Staphylinina). Zootaxa, 4471 (2), 201 - 244. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4471.2.1"]}

Thoracostrongylus miyakei Bernhauer, 1943 (Figs. 18���19) Type material. Lectotype (male, designated here), in FMNH: Formosa [= Taiwan], Shinchiku [KHnj],-18/VII, 1-30, J. Sonan, K. Miyake.// Ontholestes miyakei Bernh n. sp. [hand writing]// miyakei Bernh Typus, Thoracostrongylus [hand writing, red label]// Chicago NHMus, M. Bernhauer Collection// FMNHINS 3855898, FILED MUSE- UM Pinned [QR code label]. The specimen in poor condition, mounted on the card, genital segment was dissected and mounted on the same card. Body was separated as two parts (a part of head, thorax and elytra another part of abdomen). Both antennae and middle right tibia and tarsus were missing. Hind right leg was separate from the body and mounted on the card. Paralectotype (sex unknown), in TARI: Formosa [= Taiwan], Karenko [= Hualien harbor (������ae)], -19. VII 20���VIII 4., T. Okuni// J. Sonan, K. Miy., M. Yash// Ontholestes miyakei Brnh n. sp. [hand writing label]. The specimen is strongly broken, pinned on a yellowish plastic card. The right antenna, whole abdomen, both hind legs and middle right leg are missing. The segments 3���11 are also missing. Material examined. TAIWAN: Hualien County: 1 male., Hsinpaiyang (Kb���), 07���14.IV.2007, leg. Y.-F. Hsu / Thoracostrongylus miyakei BERNHAUER, det. Schillhammer ���10 (NHMW). Taoyuan City: 1 female, Siling (X��), Fuxing Dist., 24.6499, 121.4249, 1145m 1~ 3-IX-2019 leg. B. H. Ho by FIT (FSHc). Diagnosis. Thoracostrongylus miyakei can be distinguished from T. formosanus in Taiwan by the reddish reflection on the surface of the head, pronotum and elytra, relatively larger eyes, and narrower elytra. Bionomics. All specimens of T. miyakei were collected from middle elevation mountainous forests. Based on an import of locality name into Google Earth from collection data (Shibata 1982 and this study), the distributional altitude of this species in Taiwan is from 1080���1700 m. Most specimens were collected by pitfall traps. The specimen from Siling was collected by FIT set in forest. Shibata (1982) reported that a specimen was collected from under fallen leaves near a small stream. Distribution. Thoracostrongylus miyakei is known from mainland China (Sichuan) and Taiwan. The species is known from northern and central Taiwan: Hualien County, Taoyuan City and Yilan County (Shibata 1982, Yang et al. 2011 and this study). As the type locality of this species ���Shinchiku��� included many counties at that time, it���s difficult to determine the exact locality. Another type locality, ���Karenko��� was a harbor in Hualien County and the locality remains doubtful because this does not fit the bionomics of the species. The specimen from Hsinpaiyang in this study confirms the previous distributional record from Hualien County. Remarks. Hsinpaiyang is on the Central Cross-Island Highway 142K. The specimen of T. miyakei from Hsinpaiyang indicates that this species is sympatric with T. formosanus in Taiwan, as numerous specimens were collected from the Central Cross-Island Highway 113K to 168K (see ���Material examined��� under T. formosanus)., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on page 349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Bernhauer, M. (1943) Neuheiten der palaearktischen Staphylinidenfauna Zugleich 15 (Beitrag zur japanisch-chinesischen Fauna). Mitteilungen der Munchner Entomologischen Gesellschaft e. V., 13 (1), 169 - 188.","Shibata, Y. (1982) A new species of the genus Thoracostrongylus Bernhauer from Taiwan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 16 (1 - 2), 71 - 76.","Yang, Z., Zhou, H. - Z. & Schillhammer, H. (2011) Taxonomy of the genus Thoracostrongylus Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) with descriptions of five new species from China. Journal of Natural History, 45 (7 - 8), 407 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2010.534190"]}

Thoracostrongylus formosanus Shibata, 1982 (Figs. 17, 53) Material examined. TAIWAN: Hualien County: 55 spec., Guanyuan (M���), alt. 2200~ 2300 m, 24��11���12���N, 121��20���00���E // 27. VI.2006, Pitfall traps, with carrions, leg. Y.-F. Hsu (TARI); 4 spec., same data as above// Thoracostrongylus formosanus SHIBATA det Schillhamer ���10 (TARI); 7 spec., same data as above// 22~ 29. VIII. 2006, Pitfall traps, with carrions, leg. Y.-F. Hsu (TARI); 1 spec., same data as above// 22~ 29.VIII.2006, Pitfall traps with fruits, leg. L-H. Wang, J.-K. Wang, J.-J. Lyu, J.-H. Lin, M.-S. Sun (TARI); 5 spec., Pilu (ā��), alt. 2100 m, 24��10���58���N, 121��23���16���E // 13~ 21.IX.2006, Pitfall traps with fruits, leg. J.-K. Wang, J.-H. Lin, M.-C. Ke, M.-S. Sun (TARI); 1 spec., same data as above// 20.VII.2006, Pitfall traps, with carrions, leg. Y.-F. Hsu (TARI); 12 spec., same data as above// 06. V5.2006, Pitfall traps with carrions, leg. Y.-F. Hsu (TARI); 2 spec., same data as above// Thoracostrongylus formosanus SHIBATA det Schillhamer ���10 (TARI); 14 spec., same locality as above but no coordinate, 28.II.2006, leg. Y.-F. Hsu (TARI); 4 spec., same data as above// Thoracostrongylus formosanus SHI- BATA det Schillhamer ���10 (TARI); 51 spec., same data as above except 06. V.2006, leg. Y.-F. Hsu (TARI); 2 spec., same data as above// Thoracostrongylus formosanus SHIBATA det Schillhamer ���10 (TARI); 1 spec., same data as above except 12. VI.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan (TARI); 3 spec., same data as above except 05.VII.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan (TARI); 3 spec., Biliu Shemu (ā��ė+), 6���27. V.2006, leg. Y.-F. Hsu // corpse (small white rat) trap [in Chinese] (TARI); 1 spec., Songcyuangang (��������), alt. 2400~ 2500 m, 24��12���11���N, 121��17���17���E // 22~ 29.VIII.2006, Pitfall traps with fruits, leg. L.-H. Wang, J.-K. Wang, J.-J. Lyu, J.-H. Lin, M.-S. Sun (TARI); 1 spec., Dayuling (�� �� ���), 6���27. V.2006, leg. Y.-F. Hsu // corpse (small white rat) trap [in Chinese] (TARI); 3 spec., Kuanyun (P��), 18.IX.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan (TARI); 1 spec., same data as above except 12. VI.2010 (TAIR); 1 spec., same data as above except 05.VII.2010 (TARI); 1 spec., Pulowan (ħ����) (2A-1), 13.III.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan (TARI); 1 spec., ��� 8 ��� [= Central Cross-Island Highway (ď�������ŵ���)] 113.5~114K, 18.IX.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan (TARI); 1 spec., ��� 8 ��� [= Central Cross-Island Highway (ď�������ŵ���)] 132~132.5K, 20.III.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan (TARI); 14 spec., Kalabao (��� �����), Xiulin To., 24.1655, 121.4053, ca. 2000m, 15~ 17-VII-2019 leg. B. H. Ho by FIT (FSHc); 2 spec., same data as above except 05.VII.2010 (TARI); 3 spec., ��� 8 ��� [= Central Cross-Island Highway (ď�������ŵ���)] 140.5~141K, 25.IX.2010, leg. W.P. Chan (TARI); 1 spec., same data as above except 18.IX.2010 (TARI); 9 spec., same data as above except 05.VII.2010 (TARI); 9 spec., same data as above except 27. VI.2010 (TARI); 1 spec., same data as above except 19. VI.2010 (TARI); 3 spec., ��� 8 ��� [= Central Cross-Island Highway (ď �������ŵ���)] 144.5~145K, 12. VI.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan (TARI); 1 spec., same data as above except 05.VII.2010 (TARI); 4 spec., same data as above except 27. VI.2010 (TARI); 6 spec., ��� 8 ��� [= Central Cross-Island Highway (ď �������ŵ���)] 149.5~150K, 12. VI.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan (TARI); 7 spec., same data as above except 05.VII.2010 (TARI); 3 spec., same data as above except 27. VI.2010 (TARI); 4 spec., same data as above except 12.VII.2010 (TARI); 2 spec., same data as above except 20.III.2010 (TARI); 1 spec., ��� 8 ��� [= Central Cross-Island Highway (ď�������ŵ���)] 158~158.5K, 25.IX.2010, leg. W.P. Chan (TARI); 2 spec., same data as above except 05.X.2010 (TARI); 8 spec., same data as above except 12. VI.2010 (TARI); 1 spec., same data as above except 09.X.2010 (TAIR); 2 spec., same data as above except 05.VII.2010 (TARI); 1 spec., same data as above except 27. VI.2010 (TARI); 5 spec., same data as above except 20.III.2010 (TARI); 2 spec., same data as above except 19. VI.2010 (TARI); 3 spec., same data as above except 13.III.2010 (TARI); 1 spec., ��� 8 ��� [= Central Cross-Island Highway (ď�������ŵ���)] 168K, 20.III.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan (TARI). Nantou County: 1 spec., Shalixian, Xinyi Township (ūoi���), 20.IV.2017 ~ 21. V.2017, by MLT, leg. H. T. Yeh (FSHc); 1 spec., Meifeng [đ��], VII/18���VIII/6/2001, C. S. Lin & W. T. Yang, Malaise trap (KCN) [NMNS ENT 6014-1273] (NMNS); 1 spec., same data as above except IX/10���X/15/2002 [NMNS ENT 4913-72] (NMNS); 1 spec., same data as above except VIII/6���/ IX/11/2001 [NMNS ENT 6014-2201] (NMNS); 1 spec., same data as above except IV-9/ V-19/1998 [NMNS ENT 3243-175] (NMNS); 9 spec., Tatachia (mm���), 17���24.III.2007, leg. C.-S. Tung (TARI); 2 spec., Shitou [������], 7.IV.2005, leg. C.-F. Lee (TARI); 1 spec., same data as above// Thoracostrongylus formosanus SHIBATA det Schillhamer ���10 (TARI); 1 spec., ��� 14 �� ��� [= Central Cross-Island Highway (ď�������ŵ���)] 40K, 19. VI.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan (TARI); 1 spec., Jenai Sungkang [������ �����], VI /17/1998, C.C. Lo (NMNS); 1 male, Bilu Mt. Trail (ąn'�������), Renai To., ca. 2600m, 24.1901, 121.3138, 31-III-2020; leg. F. S. Hu & Y. J. Chen (on human dung) (FSHc); 1 male, Meifeng (đ��), Renai To., ca. 2113m, 24.0973, 121.1764; 31-III-2020; leg. F. S. Hu & Y. J. Chen (sifting leaf litters) (FSHc); 1 male, same data as above except, 30-III~ 1-IV-2020 by pitfall trap (FSHc); 1 female, same data as above except by FIT (FSHc). Taichung City: 1 spec., Daxue Mt. Forest Trail 32k [��ũ��IJ�� 32k], 27-IV~ 01-V-2018, B. H. Ho leg. By FIT (FSHc); 1 spec., Daxue Mt. Forest Trail 31k [��ũ��IJ�� 31k], 01~ 19-V-2018, B. H. Ho leg. By FIT (FSHc); 26 spec., Daxue Mt. 33k, Heping District (��ũ�� 33k), 19. V.2018~ 09. VI.2018, by FIT, leg. Y. H. Ho (FSHc and FMNH); 1 spec., Daxue Mt. Forest Trail 34k [��ũ��IJ�� 34k], B. H. Ho leg. (in barking deer���s dung) (FSHc); 1 male, Daxue Mt. Forest Trail 31.7k (��ũ��IJ�� 31.7k), Heping Dist. 24.2255, 120.9764, alt. about 1950m; 27-IV-2019, leg. B. H. Ho (on human dung) (FSHc); 1 male, same data as above except 19-V-2018 ~ 02-VI- 2018, By FIT (FSHc). Yilan County: 1 male, 2 females, Taiping Mt. Jianqing Trail [����������], 29-IV-2018, F. S. Hu, leg. [on human dung] (FSHc); 1 male, 100 rd Forest Trail 17K (100 ���IJ�� 17K), Datong To., 06-VII-2018, leg. F. S. Hu (on goat dung) (FMNH); 1 male, 100rd Forest Trail 15K (100 ���IJ�� 15K), Datong To., 05-VII-2018, leg. F. S. Hu by FIT (FMNH). Diagnosis. Thoracostrongylus formosanus can be distinguished from T. miyakei from Taiwan by the absence of a reddish reflection on the surface of head, pronotum and elytra, relatively smaller eyes and wider elytra. Bionomics. Based on an import of locality name into Google Earth from collection data (Shibata 1982, Yang et al. 2011, this study), the distributional altitude of this species in Taiwan is from 700���2600 m. Specimens of T. formosanus were mainly collected by pitfall trap or flight interception trap. Some specimens were collected from the surface of fresh mammal dung or carrion. Distribution. Thoracostrongylus formosanus is known from mainland China (Sichuan, Zhejiang, Hunan, Fujian and Hubei) and Taiwan. The species is widespread on Taiwan island and is at present known from Hualien County, Nantou County, Taichung City and Yilan County (Shibata 1982, Yang et al. 2011, this study)., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on pages 348-349, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Shibata, Y. (1982) A new species of the genus Thoracostrongylus Bernhauer from Taiwan (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Transactions of the Shikoku Entomological Society, 16 (1 - 2), 71 - 76.","Yang, Z., Zhou, H. - Z. & Schillhammer, H. (2011) Taxonomy of the genus Thoracostrongylus Bernhauer (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) with descriptions of five new species from China. Journal of Natural History, 45 (7 - 8), 407 - 433. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222933.2010.534190"]}

Creophilus maxillosus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Fig. 2) Material examined. TAIWAN: Chiayi County: 2 females, Alishan Chiayn, 26/IV/1990, C. C. Chiang, Sweep & Searching [specimens NMNS ENT 603-131 and NMNS ENT 603-98] (NMNS). Hualien County: 1 female, Hualien County: Wangrong, Ruisui forest rd. (�����IJ��), nr. Hongye river, 23.502784N, 121.329142E, [snake corpse], 12.II.2020, Y. Sun leg (FSHc). Nantou County: 1 female, ĽIJ��� [= Sunlinksea], (23.6365088, 120.7907667), V- 2015, C. R. Chen leg. (FSHc); 1 spec., Lushan [����], VI. 25.1997, C.C.Lo, None (NMNS). New Taipei City: 2 females, Balaka highway (���������ŵ���), Sanzhi Dist., 16-V-2015, in Paguma larvat corpse, leg. B. H. Ho (FSHc); 3 males, 3 females, Yibiajia (���Ŋ��), Sanxia Dist., 27-II-2019, leg. C. W. Kuo [collected from carrion of Muntiacus reevesi] (FSHc). Taichung City: 1 female, Wanfeng [Aē], Taichung Hsien, IV, 1979, KSLin (TARI). Yunlin County: 1 female, Kukeng Tsao-ling, 1992/X/28, W. T. Yang, Sweeping Net [NMNS ENT 1426-392] (NMNS). Taipei City: 1 male, National Taiwan University, Da���an Dist., 09-XI-2015, leg. C. M. Leong (pig corpse) (FSHc). Diagnosis. In Taiwan, C. maxillosus maxillosus can be easily distinguished from C. flavipennis by the presence of grey pubescence on the elytra and abdominal tergites. Bionomics. Many specimens reported here were collected from mammal carrion (including Muntiacus reevesi (Ogilby) or Paguma larvata (Hamilton-Smith)). The specimen from Ruisui was collected from the carrion of Ptyas mucosa (Linnaeus). Some of the specimens were collected by a sweeping net. Creophilus maxillosus maxillosus is widely used in forensic entomology (etc., Wang et al. 2017, Matuszewski & Frątczak-Łagiewska 2018) and further detailed biological information can be found in Greene (1996). Distribution. Creophilus maxillosus maxillosus is widespread in the Palaearctic region and on most Atlantic islands (Clarke 2011, Newton 2019). This subspecies was also introduced to the New World (Newton 1997, Navarrete-Heredia et al. 2002, Asenjo & Clarke 2008)., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on page 336, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Wang, Y., Yang, J. - B., Wang, J. - F., Li, L. - L., Wang, M., Yang, L. - J., Chu, J. & Hou, Y. - D. (2017) Development of the forensically important beetle Creophilus maxillosus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) at constant temperatures. Journal of Medical Entomology, 54, 281 - 289. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jme / tjw 193","Matuszewski, S. & Fratczak-Lagiewska, K. (2018) Size at emergence improves accuracy of age estimates in forensically-useful beetle Creophilus maxillosus L. (Staphylinidae). Scientific Reports, 8, 2390. https: // doi. org / 10.1038 / s 41598 - 018 - 20796 - 1","Greene, G. L. (1996) Rearing techniques for Creophilus maxilosus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), a predator of fly larvae in cattle feedlots. Journal of Economic Entomology, 89, 848 - 851. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / 89.4.848","Clarke, D. J. (2011) Testing the phylogenetic utility of morphological character systems, with a revision of Creophilus Leach (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 163, 723 - 812. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00725. x","Newton, A. F. (2019) Staphyliniformia world catalog database (version Nov 2018): Staphylinoidea, Hydrophiloidea, Synteliidae. In: Roskov, Y., Ower, G., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P. M., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R. E., Decock, W., Nieukerken, E. van., Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L. (Eds.), Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Species 2000. Naturalis, Leiden. Available from: www. catalogueoflife. org / col (accessed 2 January 2020)","Newton, A. F. (1997) First record of the genus Platydracus (= Staphylinus in Part) from Hawaii, with Notes on Hawaiian Creophilus (Coleoptera: Staphylininae: Staphylinini). In: Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1996 (N. Evenhius and S. Miller, editors). Part 2: Notes. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 49, 23 - 25.","Navarrete-Heredia, J. L., Newton, A. F., Thayer, M. K., Ashe, J. S. & Chandler, D. S. (2002) Guia ilustrada para los generos de Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) de Mexico. Universidad de Guadalajara y CONABIO, Guadalajara, Jalisco, 401 pp.","Asenjo, A. & Clarke, D. J. (2008) First record of Creophilus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Staphylinidae) for Peru. The Coleopterists Bulletin, 61 (4), 551. https: // doi. org / 10.1649 / 0010 - 065 X (2007) 61 [551: FROCML] 2.0. CO; 2"]}

Miobdelus humilis sp. nov. (Figs. 8, 20���26, 51) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7A51734E-3850-4F31-A0C7-EECF94EF0A44 Type material. Holotype in TFRI: TAIWAN: New Taipei City: male, Happen Nature Reserve (Ń��dńaess��), Wulai Dist., N 24��46���, E121��34���; XII-2001, leg. W. Huang By pitfall trap. Paratypes in FMNH, FSHc, NHMW, NMNS, TARI, TFRI: TAIWAN: Hualien County: 1 male, Danongadafu (�� �� �����), 23��37���33.8���N, 121��25���06.9���E, 26-XII-2015, leg. T. R. Chen By FIT (NMNS); 1 female, Danongadafu (�� �� �����), 23��35���56.4���N, 121��24���04.1���E, 15-XI~ 04-XII-2015, leg. T. R. Chen By FIT (NMNS). New Taipei City: 3 males, 2 females, same data as holotype (TFRI); 2 females, same data as holotype except IV-2001 (TFRI); 2 females, same data as holotype except II-2001 (TFRI); 1 female, Xinzhuang senior high school (K�� ���ď), Xinzhuang Dist., 25.0480, 121.4436, 25-XII-2019; leg. T. H. Lin (FMNH); 1 female, Kuishanhu (�������), Jinshan Dist., 25.2286, 121.5952, 11-XII-2019, leg. L. C. Huang (NHMW); 1 male, Shuiniukeng (���+���), Linkou Dist., 25.1181, 121.3134, 06-II-2020, leg. Y. H. Ho, K. W. Chan, B. L. Gan, Y. C. Huang (FSHc). Taipei City: 1 male, Dagang River (�������), Neihu Dist., 14-I-2019, leg. K. W. Chan (NHMW); 1 male, Taipei Zoo (�������������hv��), Wenshan Dist., 24.9966, 121.5807, 28-XII-2019, leg. L. C. Huang (FSHc). Taoyuan City: 1 female, Hutou Mt. (��������), Taoyuan Dist., 15-V-2019, leg. C. K. Liu leg (FSHc). Yilan County: 1 female, Fushan Botanical Park [D��ōhv��], 09���16.IV.2006, leg. C.-S. Tung (TARI); 1 female, Zhenshan Village (��������), Yuanshan To., 04-IV-2019, leg. M. S. Chan (FMNH). Measurements. BL: 18.36 (16.70���20.40); HL: 2.65 (2.42���2.90); HW: 3.28 (3.01���3.65); EyL: 0.92 (0.85���1.00); TL: 1.19 (1.06���1.35); PL: 3.18 (2.90���3.37); ElL: 3.74 (3.42���4.02) (mm). Description. Large species. Habitus (Fig. 8) with black body; head and neck covered with yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence, denser on tempora; pronotum covered with black tomentose pubescence mixed with very sparse yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence; each elytron with two spots of yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence on humeral area and middle of lateral margin; scutellum black and shiny with black tomentose pubescence; tergites 3���5 covered black tomentose pubescence with sparse spots of yellow-golden tomentose pubescence on anterior parts, three to five spots of yellow-golden tomentose pubescence on posterior margin; tergite 6 covered with large patch of yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence but without two spots in the middle, with black tomentose pubescence on lateral parts of tergite 6; tomentose pubescence on tergite 7 similar to tergites 3���5 but yellow-golden tomentose pubescence denser; tergite 8 with black tomentose pubescence mixed with yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence; lateral margin of each sternite covered with dense yellow-golden tomentose pubescence; legs pale brick red with yellow tomentose pubescence, much denser on fore legs; antennae brick red but 6���11 gradually become paler, first segment covered with yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence. Head obtusely quadrangular, not obviously dilated posteriad, with rounded posterior angles, wider than long (ratio: 1.24); presence of a large pit-like puncture behind each eye; presence of few relatively small pit-like puncture on tempora; eyes large but slightly convex, tempora slightly longer than length of eyes in dorsal view (ratio: 1.29); dorsal surface of head densely covered with fine punctation. Antennae moderately long, segment 1 (scape) markedly longer than other segments; segment 2 and segment 3 slightly shorter than segment 1, but markedly longer than other segments; segments 4���10 wider than long, proportionally similar to each other; last segment longer than wide, asymmetrically emarginate. Thorax. Pronotum longer than wide, slightly dilated in anterior part; disc of pronotum with narrow and indistinct impunctate midline in front of posterior margin of pronotum, some individuals without impunctate midline; punctation similar to that on head but slightly denser. Scutellum small, with black setae. First four segments of front tarsus markedly dilated, sub-bilobed, covered dense setae ventrally, without distinct difference between sexes. Elytra markedly longer than wide; slightly longer than pronotum (ratio: 1.18); anterior margin of humeral area not dilated; slightly dilated posteriad. Hind wing well developed. Abdomen. Tergite 7 (fifth visible) with apical palisade fringe; tergite 2 (anteriad of first fully visible tergite) with fine punctation; general punctation of tergites moderately fine and dense, spread evenly on each tergite. Male. Sternite 8 (Fig. 23) with shallowly, obtusely medioapical emargination; sternite 9 (Fig. 24) with long and slender basal portion, apical portion with shallow medioapical emargination. Tergite 10 (Fig. 25) subtrapezoidal, apex with short, triangular projection; numerous brownish setae on posterior margin. Aedeagus (Figs. 20���21) with both median lobe and paramere asymmetrical; lateral margin of median lobe gradually dilated from base to apical portion in ventral view; left side of apical portion of median lobe with asymmetrical torsion in ventral view; in ventral view apical portion with large, remarkably deep emargination, emargination without tooth-like protrusion. Paramere spoon-like, very large, with asymmetrical torsion; apical portion of underside of paramere (Fig. 22) without sensory peg setae but bearing numerous long setae on the margins of both sides. Female. Genital segment tergite 10 (Fig. 26) subtrapezoidal, with strongly projecting but rounded and narrow apex. Etymology. The specific epithet means ���low��� in Latin. It refers to the fact this this species is the only representative Miobdelus to occur in lowland habitats such as plains or basins. The specific name is registered under ZooBank LSID urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7A51734E-3850-4F31-A0C7-EECF94EF0A44. Diagnosis. Miobdelus humilis sp. nov. is similar to M. insignitus Smetana, 2011 and M. insolens Smetana, 2011 from mainland China. It can be distinguished from M. insignitus by the presence of darker yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence on the fourth visible tergite; from M. insolens it can be distinguished by the larger size and well developed pubescence of the entire body. It can also be distinguished from both species by the lack of a toothlike protrusion on the apical margin of the median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view. In Taiwan, M. humilis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other species of Miobdelus by the presence of yellowish-golden tomentose pubescence on the forebody, larger size, and much larger elytra. Bionomics. Based on an import of locality name into Google Earth from collection data, the species occurs from 10��� 650 m. The type series from Happen Nature Reserve was collected by rat corpse-baited pitfall traps set on a grassland near Happen River (Wenbe Huang, personal communications, May, 2019). The paratype from Shuiniukeng was collected from a grassland near the seashore in the morning, this suggests that this species may be diurnal and can live near the sea. The paratype from Danongadafu was collected by FIT which was set on a grassland mixed with various species of trees. Based on this record, well developed hind wings and the presence of the apical seam of palisade fringe on tergite 7, this species may have good flight ability. In conclusion, the species most likely occurs in grasslands in either plains, basins or low mountainous areas. Distribution. Miobdelus humilis sp. nov. is only known from Taiwan but widespread on the island. The species at present is known from New Taipei City, Taipei City, Taoyuan City, Yilan County and Hualien County. Due to its occurrence in the lowlands and its presumed strong flight ability, the species is presumably widely distributed in lowland areas of Taiwan. Remarks. Outside of genus Miobdelus, M. humilis sp. nov. is closely similar to some members of Dinothenarus (Parabemus) (etc. D. ganglbauerianus (Bernhauer) and D. insignis (M��ller)). However, these species do not perfectly fit Dinothenarus (Parabemus), especially the male genital characters as given in Smetana (2002). Both these species of Dinothenarus (Parabemus) have a slender and long basal portion of male sternite 9, shallow medioapical emargination and markedly large and torsional paramere, inconsistent with other species of the genus. These characters instead are found also in M. insignitus and M. insolens, two species that are similar to M. humilis sp. nov. The presence of pit-like puncture on the head may be one of the most reliable characters to distinguish Miobdelus from other genera (Smetana & Davies 2000), however, all members of Dinothenarus (Parabemus) also possess one large pit-like puncture behind the eye (Ale�� Smetana, personal communication, 2020). The generic position of these species should be resolved by an analysis of molecular data in a future study., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on pages 339-340, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Smetana, A. (2011) Contributions to the knowledge of the \" Staphylinus - complex \" (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylinini) of China. Part 25. Various genera. Section 2. Studies and Reports, Taxonomical Series, 7 (1 - 2), 397 - 414.","Smetana, A. (2002) Contributions to the knowledge of the genera of the \" Staphylinus - complex \" (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) of China Part 2. The genus Dinothenarus, section 1. Folia Heyrovskana, 10 (4), 205 - 224.","Smetana, A. & Davies, A. (2000) Reclassification of the North temperate taxa associated with Staphylinus sensu lato, including comments on relevant subtribes of Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). American Museum Novitates, 3287, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2000) 287 2.0. CO; 2"]}

Platydracus juang Smetana, 2005 (Figs. 16, 41���49) Type material. Holotype (female) by monotypy, in NHMW: China, N Fujian, 1.���4. VI. FENGSHUI GUAN, 27.9N 117.85E, ~ 1700m Jaroslav Tuma leg., 2004 / HOLOTYPE Platydracus juang A.Smetana, 2005 [red label]. The specimen is in good condition, both hind wings extended from elytra. Genital segment of the holotype was dissected, mounted on a plastic card in Euparal. Material examined. TAIWAN: Miaoli County: 1 female, Zhuolan (�����), Zhuolan To., 09-II-2015, leg. W. R. Liang (in dead wood) (FSHc). Nantou County: 1 male, Husiun (�����), Renai To., 16-III-2019, leg. Y. H. Ho (collected from dead wood)// Host: Reticulitermes leptomandibularis Hsia & Fang, 1965 (FSHc); 1 female, same locality as above, 15-XI-2018, leg. W. R. Liang (collected from dead wood)// Host: Reticulitermes leptomandibularis Hsia & Fang, 1965 (FMNH); 1 male, same locality as above, 11-I-2020, leg. R. H. Liu (in fallen dead wood)//Host: Reticulitermes leptomandibularis Hsia & Fang, 1965 (FSHc); 1 female, same locality as above, 30-I-2018, leg. W. R. Liang (NHMW); 2 females, same locality as above, 18-V-2014 ~ 14-VI-2014, leg. W. R. Liang By MLT (FSHc, NHMW); 1 male, Huisun (�����), Renai To., 24.0898, 121.0320, 25-V-2019 ~ 07-VI-2019, leg. W. R. Liang by MLT (TARI); 1 male, Huisun (�����), Renai To., 24.0888, 121.0300, 28-III-2019 ~ 05-V-2019, leg. W. R. Liang By FIT (TARI); 1 female, Xin-yi, Renlun loging rd. (k��IJ��), alt. ca. 1500m, 23.7329N, 120.9145E, pitfall traps no. 11., 11���17.IX.2019, Project no. TFBC-1070517 (FMNH); 1 male, Chunyang [�����], VIII/5���IX/9/2003, C. S. Lin & W. T. Yang, Malaise trap (KCN) [NMNS ENT 4955-1519] (NMNS); 1 female, same data as above except VII/9���VIII/13/2002 [NMNS ENT 5240-2370] (NMNS); 1 spec., same data as above except No: II Sampling plots, VIII/7���IX/4/2007 [NMNS ENT 7517-1691] (NMNS); 1 spec., Jenai Sungkang [������ �����], V /22/1998, C.C. Lo (NMNS). Pingtung County: 1 female, Chun-jih, Ta-han-shan, �� ����, 1300m, 2019,III-19, Y.- T. Chung Leg. CCCC (FSHc). Taichung City: 1 female, Daxue Mt. Forest Trail 14k (��ũ��IJ�� 14k), Heping Dist., 18-VII-2014, leg. Y. Hsiao (TARI); 1 male, Daxue Mt. Forest Trail (��ũ��IJ��) (alt. 1200m), 24.2475, 120.9111, 25-V-2018 leg. F. S. Hu (under wood) (FSHc). Taoyuan City: 1 female, Siling (XŔ), Fuxing Dist., 15-IV-2014, leg. W. R. Liang By FIT (FSHc). Description. Habitus and female description see Smetana (2005a). Xu & Tang (2019) provided the first male description but in Chinese. A re-description of the male of P. juang is provided below based on Taiwanese material. Male. Sternite 7 (Fig. 47) with a disc-shaped sunken area on middle of sternite, bearing numerous brownish long setae; sternite 8 (Fig. 44) with distinct obtuse medioapical emargination; sternite 9 (Fig. 43) with narrow and slender basal portion, apical portion with deep and narrow medioapical emargination. Tergite 10 (Fig. 45) gradually narrowed toward subacute apex, apical portion obtuse, with numerous long, dense setae, other setae distributed as usual on tergite. Aedeagus (Figs. 41���42). Median lobe symmetrical, gradually converging to apex in ventral view; apical portion in ventral view with a separated sclerotized region, this part rounded apically and with distinct, obtuse emargination in posterior margin; median lobe in lateral view with relatively membranous region at the midlength and at the base near bulbus. Paramere small, asymmetrical and triangular, relatively rounded apically; with a sclerotized keel at the base of paramere, sclerotized keel with a shallow emargination in ventral view; without sensory peg setae on paramere. Diagnosis. Though there are still numerous undescribed species of Platydracus from Taiwan and even the Palaearctic and Oriental regions in general, Platydracus juang may be distinguished from other Taiwanese Platydracus by the parallelsided abdominal shape and relatively narrow (non-dilated) temples. Bionomics. The bionomics of P. juang were primary described by Xu & Tang (2019) who indicated that this species is strongly associated with dead wood in the forest. Based on an import of locality name into Google Earth from collection data (this study), the species occurs from 700���1500 m in Taiwan. Some specimens reported here were collected by various traps (etc. flight interception trap, Malaise trap or pitfall trap) or collected from the nest of Reticulitermes leptomandibularis Hsia & Fang, 1965 in fallen, moist dead wood near the trail in medium elevation mountainous areas (Fig. 48). Behavior. In the laboratory, I used one species of cockroach, Blatta lateralis Walker, and five species of termites (Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 1909, Nasutitermes parvonasutus (Shiraki, 1911), Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki, 1909), R. flaviceps Oshima, 1908 and R. leptomandibularis) to test the feeding preferences of P. juang. Platydracus juang showed predatory behavior toward both species of Reticulitermes Holmgren, 1913 but only fed upon R. leptomandibularis (both workers and soldiers) (Fig. 49). The other three species of termites and cockroach did not elicit a predatory response. Based on these observations, P. juang may be a termitophilous species and associated with R. leptomandibularis. However, further tests of feeding behavior, including more samples, are needed. Live specimens of P. juang were also observed to sometimes tap the ground with their abdomen, similar to some wasps, but the function of this behavior in P. juang remains unknown. Distribution. The species is widespread in southeast mainland China (Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang) (Xu & Tang 2019) and also widespread in Taiwan (Miaoli, Nantou, Pingtung, Taichung, Taoyuan) (new record). Remarks. Smetana (2005a) provided the illustrations of tergite 10 of female genital segment of both P. brachycerus Smetana & Davies, 2000 and P. juang. However, the illustrations as labelled didn���t fit the description. His description of P. juang (���Tergite 10 of genital segment relatively narrow, markedly narrowed toward subacute apex densely setose medioapical���) matches figure 1 not figure 2. Also, P. juang with relatively larger body size, corresponds to figure 1 in Smetana (2005a) rather than P. brachycerus. Taiwanese specimens of P. juang were observed to have a thicker sclerotized keel on the base of the paramere and a narrower paramere than Chinese specimens. However, no additional characters differed between the two populations. Here, I suggest that these differences represent intraspecific variation until DNA grade specimens from both mainland China and Taiwan are available to test the status of the Taiwanese population. The termite recorded with some specimens of P. juang, R. leptomandibularis, is a relatively rare species of the genus Reticulitermes, that occurs in mainland China and Taiwan. However, the Taiwanese population is considered to be restricted to medium elevations in central Taiwan (Wu et al. 2019). Platydracus juang is also restricted to these elevations but is more broadly distributed than just central Taiwan. It is possible that R. leptomandibularis is also widespread in Taiwan. However, my feeding behavior experiments did not include R. kanmonensis as prey, which are also distributed at medium elevations in Taiwan and rather widespread. It would be interesting to test whether P. juang also feeds on this and other termite species., Published as part of Hu, Fang-Shuo, 2020, New distributional records of Staphylinina in Taiwan, including a new species of Miobdelus Sharp (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Staphylininae: Staphylinini), pp. 334-360 in Zootaxa 4768 (3) on pages 346-347, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/3784036, {"references":["Smetana, A. (2005 a) Contributions to the knowledge of the \" Staphylinus - complex \" (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Staphylinini) of China. Part 10. A new species of the genus Platydracus Thomson, 1858. Zootaxa, 1048 (1), 21 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1048.1.2","Xu, W. & Tang, L. (2019) First description of male of Platydracus juang Smetana, 2005 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae). Journal of Shanghai Normal University (Natural Sciences), 48 (2), 184 - 187.","Smetana, A. & Davies, A. (2000) Reclassification of the North temperate taxa associated with Staphylinus sensu lato, including comments on relevant subtribes of Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). American Museum Novitates, 3287, 1 - 88. https: // doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0082 (2000) 287 2.0. CO; 2","Wu, C. - C., Tsai, C. - L, Liang, W. - R., Takematsu, Y. & Li, H. - F. (2019) Identification of subterranean termite genus, Reticulitermes (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae) in Taiwan. Journal of Economic Entomology, 112 (6), 2872 - 2881. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / jee / toz 183"]}