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This research study presents a resilient control scheme for an islanded DC microgrid (DC MG) integrating solar photovoltaic (PV), battery storage (BESS), and piezoelectric (PE) energy harvesting modules. The microgrid (MG) case study represents an energy hub designed to provide electricity for lighting systems in transportation, roads, and other infrastructure. To enhance practicality, the PE is modeled using the real data captured from a traffic simulator. The proposed reinforcement learning (RL) method was tested against four severe and unexpected failure scenarios, including short circuit at the load side, sudden and severe change of load, open circuit, and converter failure. The performance of the controller was quantitatively compared with a conventional PI controller. The results show marginal improvement in one scenario and significant improvement in the other three, suggesting that the proposed scheme is a robust candidate for microgrids with high levels of uncertainty, such as those involving solar and PE harvesters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the mediating effects of parental attributions of children's academic failures in the relationship between maternal failure mind-sets and their parenting styles. Participants were 323 preschool children aged 4–6 years old, with their mothers completing online questionnaires on failure mind-sets, parenting styles, and attribution of children's academic failures. Research Findings: The results indicated that: (1) a failure-enhancing mindset was positively related to authoritative parenting and showed no significant correlation with authoritarian parenting. Conversely, a failure-debilitating mindset was negatively correlated with authoritative parenting and positively correlated with authoritarian parenting; (2) the mediating role of attribution varied depending on the mindsets. Effort attribution did not mediate the association between failure-enhancing mind-set and authoritative parenting. However, ability attribution played a significant role in mediating the relationship between failure-debilitating mind-set and authoritarian parenting. Mothers with a failure-debilitating mind-set tended to attribute children's academic failures to a lack of ability, which subsequently increased maternal authoritarian parenting. Practice or Policy: These results provide valuable insights into the factors in influencing parenting styles, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors such as failure mind-sets and attributions of children's academic failures. The findings suggest that cognitive interventions targeting parental beliefs, including failure mind-sets and attributions, could be crucial for improving parenting style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Since the withdrawal of IFRIC 3 in 2005, there has been a regulatory freeze in accounting for emission rights that contrasts with the international momentum of climate-related financial disclosures. This paper explores how different narratives and institutional dynamics explain the failure to produce guidance on accounting for emission rights. Design/methodology/approach: This paper mobilises the notion of field-configuring events to examine a sequence of six events between 2003 and 2016, including four public consultations and two dialogues between standard setters. The paper presents a qualitative analysis of documents produced in this space that investigates how different practices and narratives configured the field's positions, agenda, and meaning systems. Findings: Accounting for emission rights was gradually decoupled from climate change and carbon markets, relegated to the research pipeline, and forgotten. The obstacles that the IASB and EFRAG found in presenting themselves as central in the recurring events, the excess of representations, and the increasingly technical and abstract debates eroded the 2003 momentum for regulation, making the different initiatives to revitalise the project vulnerable and open to scrutiny. Lukes (2021) refers to nondecision-making to express that some issues are suffocated before they are expressed. Originality/value: The regulation of accounting for emission rights, an area that has received scant attention in the literature, provides some insights into the different narrative mechanisms that, materialising in specific times and spaces, draw regulatory attention to particular accounting issues, which are problematised and, eventually, forgotten. This study also illustrates that identifying interests is problematic as actors shift from alternative positions over a long period. The case examined also raises some doubts about the previous effectiveness of international standard setters in dealing with matters of connectivity between the environment and finance, as is the case for accounting for emissions rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: We reassess existing theories on individual failure learning and propose an inverted‐U‐shaped relationship between an individual's accumulated failures and learning, based on a theoretical framework that jointly considers the opportunity, motivation, and perceived ability to learn. Using data on 307 California‐based cardiothoracic surgeons who performed coronary artery bypass graft surgeries in 133 hospitals between 2003 and 2018, we find compelling evidence that individuals reach a threshold at which they discontinue learning from their own failures. We also find that this threshold is higher for surgeons who had higher perceived ability to learn. This article aims to shed new light on the relationship between individuals' failure experience and their learning, and advance our understanding of the microfoundations of organizational learning, an important basis of firm performance. Managerial Summary: This article explores how individuals learn from their own failures. Contrary to prior theories, we propose a non‐monotonic relationship between accumulated failures and learning: as a function of failures, an individual's performance will initially increase, then taper off, and finally decrease. Analyzing data on 307 cardiothoracic surgeons operating coronary artery bypass graft surgeries, we find such an inverted‐U‐shaped pattern. Notably, surgeons with higher perceived ability to learn—those with elite training, certified expertise, and specialization in patient care—reached the tipping point later than their counterparts. Our findings imply that repeated failures can have both beneficial and harmful impacts on individuals' learning processes, and therefore, both impacts must be simultaneously considered for understanding and improving individuals' performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complex interactions between two opposing agents frequently occur in domains of machine learning, game theory, and other application domains. Quantitatively analyzing the strategies involved can provide an objective basis for decision-making. One such critical scenario is shot-taking in football, where decisions, such as whether the attacker should shoot or pass the ball and whether the defender should attempt to block the shot, play a crucial role in the outcome of the game. However, there are currently no effective data-driven and/or theory-based approaches to analyzing such situations. To address this issue, we proposed a novel Shooting Payoff Computation (SPC) framework to analyze such scenarios based on game theory, where we estimate the expected payoff with machine learning (ML) models, and additional features for ML models were extracted with a theory-based shot block model. Conventionally, successes or failures (1 or 0) are used as payoffs, while a success shot (goal) is extremely rare in football. Therefore, we proposed the Expected Probability of Shot On Target (xSOT) metric to evaluate players' actions even if the shot results in no goal; this allows for effective differentiation and comparison between different shots and even enables counterfactual shot situation analysis. In our experiments, we have validated the SPC framework by comparing it with baseline and ablated models. Furthermore, we have observed a high correlation between the xSOT and existing metrics. This alignment of information suggests that xSOT provides valuable insights. Lastly, as an illustration, we studied optimal strategies in the World Cup 2022 and analyzed a shot situation in EURO 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We offer a framework to assess marketing activities for their relationship to human rights, grounded in the recognition that respect for dignity—the inalienable, inherent, and equal value possessed by all humans—is at their core. Drawing from historical and recent thought in philosophy, management and medicine, we focus on three factors of dignity: recognition, agency and equity. We then integrate academic research from our own field as the basis of a marketing-specific conceptualization of dignity, offering a list of assessment questions for firms desiring to integrate dignity into their marketing activities. Given the nascent state of research on dignity in marketing, we also propose a set of questions for future inquiry. We close with three case studies that highlight organizations' success or failure in affirming dignity in areas relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals, and offer an invitation to esearchers to partner with global dignity-centric organizations to continue this work across cultures and challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid growth of e-commerce has brought about challenges in managing traffic loads and ensuring the availability of database servers. One critical issue is what happens when the main database server fails, potentially leading to downtime or data loss. This research aims to address these problems by optimizing server resource distribution and implementing data replication across multiple database servers. The goal is to enhance system efficiency, prevent server overloads, ensure data availability, and minimize downtime or data loss when server failures occur. This research utilizes a multi-stage methodology. First, data collection was conducted to gather relevant information. In the second stage, a needs analysis was performed to identify system requirements. The third stage involved designing the system architecture, including the creation of entity-relationship diagrams (ERD), flowcharts, and network topologies. In the final stage, the system was implemented through database replication and the application of failover methods. The results demonstrate that the failover mechanism operates effectively, ensuring that data is successfully replicated across all database servers. This confirms that the system achieves high availability and minimizes the risk of data loss or service downtime. The implications of this research provide a reliable solution for improving the resilience and performance of e-commerce systems, particularly in managing database server failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The incidence of both primary and revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is expected to rise, making early recognition of TKA failure crucial to prevent extensive revision surgeries. This study aims to develop a deep learning (DL) model to predict TKA failure using radiographic images. Methods: Two patient cohorts who underwent primary TKA were retrospectively collected: one was used for the model development and the other for the external validation. Each cohort encompassed failed and non‐failed subjects, according to the need for TKA revision surgery. Moreover, for each patient, one anteroposterior and one lateral radiographic view obtained during routine TKA follow‐up, were considered. A transfer learning fine‐tuning approach was employed. After pre‐processing, the images were analyzed using a convolutional neuronal network (CNN) that was originally developed for predicting hip prosthesis failure and was based on the Densenet169 pre‐trained on Imagenet. The model was tested on 20% of the images of the first cohort and externally validated on the images of the second cohort. Metrics, such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiving operating characteristic curve (AUC), were calculated for the final assessment. Results: The trained model correctly classified 108 out of 127 images in the test set, providing a classification accuracy of 0.85, sensitivity of 0.80, specificity of 0.89 and AUC of 0.86. Moreover, the model correctly classified 1547 out of 1937 in the external validation set, providing a balanced accuracy of 0.79, sensitivity of 0.80, specificity of 0.78 and AUC of 0.86. Conclusions: The present DL model predicts TKA failure with moderate accuracy, regardless of the cause of revision surgery. Additionally, the effectiveness of the transfer learning fine‐tuning approach, leveraging a previously developed DL model for hip prosthesis failure, has been successfully demonstrated. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This multiple case study aimed to explore, discover, and comprehend the journey encountered by national winning journalism coaches in Davao del Norte Division. In this study, five (5) participants were chosen to participate in an in-depth interview who were national winning coaches in different fields of campus journalism who could experience the phenomenon being studied. Thematic analysis was used in analyzing the data. This study revealed the unique characteristics of each case. Five (5) major themes emerged for preparations and training, four (4) themes for stories of failures, and another four for moments of triumph. On the other hand, another four themes emerged in surviving the challenges. From the thoughts of inspiration, three (3) themes appeared. The results of this study were deemed significant to the participants and designated school journalism mentors and coaches for they will get broader knowledge and essential skills that could be applied in coaching students in the field of campus journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies have examined common patterns between perfectionist traits, depressive symptomatology and anxiety in adolescents. We analyzed these simultaneous associations and identified the most influential measures through network analysis. A total of 533 high school Peruvian students (48.97% female) participated from two educational institutions. Adapted Oros' Perfectionism, Reynolds Depression Scale and a single item school anxiety measure for adolescents were used. Spinglass algorithm found a solution of three domains of perfectionism: self-demands, distress-worry and reactions to failure, as well as one cluster of depressive symptoms. When analyzing the interconnections between these dimensions, it was found that worry-distress perfectionism (WDP) and reactions to failure perfectionism (RFP) played a central role in activating other variables in the network. In particular, RFP had the strongest connection with depression, while WDP was related to school anxiety. On the other hand, self-demands perfectionism was the only dimension that showed a negative relationship with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that perfectionist reactions focused on anticipating and responding to errors may share common patterns that should be addressed to reduce depression and school anxiety in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Athletes with maladaptive perfectionism are vulnerable to experiencing a variety of psychological issues, such as burnout. Burnout in athletes can have detrimental effects on their performance and careers. The potential mechanisms by which fear of failure and self-handicapping explain the association between maladaptive perfectionism and athlete burnout remain understudied. This study examined their mediating role in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and athlete burnout. Methods: A total of 221 athletes were chosen to participate in a cross-sectional survey study. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS and AMOS structural equation modeling. The participants filled out self-report assessments on maladaptive perfectionism, fear of failure, self-handicapping, and athlete burnout. Results: Analyses indicated that maladaptive perfectionism positively predicts fear of failure, self-handicapping, and athlete burnout. Fear of failure positively predicts self-handicapping and athlete burnout, while self-handicapping also predicts athlete burnout. In addition to the direct pathway, we identified three mediating pathways through mediation analyses: (a) an independent mediation of fear of failure (b) an independent mediation of self-handicapping (c) a chained mediation of both. Discussion: The results of this study provide a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms between maladaptive perfectionism and athletes burnout by considering fear of failure and self-handicapping as mediating variable factors. It is shown that the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and athlete burnout can be partially explained through the mediating role of individuals' fear of failure as well as self-handicapping behaviors. These insights offer a valuable foundation for the design of psychological interventions to address athlete burnout, enabling coaches and sport psychologists to develop more effective coping strategies for enhancing athletes' psychological well-being and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Results Conclusion Although errors and failures are indispensable parts of the learning process, the current theoretical models and empirical research remain inadequate to provide a comprehensive perspective for learning from errors, considering the roles of different agents, settings, and support mechanisms. Addressing these gaps in the literature, this special issue collects 11 research papers related to learning from errors and failure in educational contexts. In this commentary, we synthesize the findings of these papers with previous work, address conceptual and methodological challenges based on these papers and their implications, and provide suggestions to enhance educational practices.The special issue papers varying in regard to research design, subject domain, participants, and learning setting presented findings about four main themes: (1) contextual factors (e.g. organization and error climate) as an enabler and barrier, (2) individual factors (e.g. motivational beliefs and emotions) in learners' processing of errors, (3) error‐ or failure‐related learning processes, and (4) instructional strategies (e.g. feedback and prompts) to support learning from errors. Critical evaluation of these papers also revealed conceptual (e.g. error vs. failure) and methodological (e.g. generic vs. error‐specific measures and instruments) challenges, which also paved the way for directions for future research.Overall, 11 papers in this special issue provide significant empirical evidence about learning from errors and failure in educational contexts. Synthesizing the findings of both these papers and prior research, we also present suggestions to construct an educational environment conducive to learning from errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the author's personal experience of a deep sense of fear that has followed them throughout their life. They discuss the origins of this fear, including their premature birth and illness as a child. The author also explores the relationship between fear and desire, as well as the role of a mother figure in providing a sense of safety. They further examine the concept of a "hollowed-out transference" and its impact on relationships. The article concludes with the author's reflections on the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the fear of annihilation that has been reignited. It discusses the ongoing conflict between Israel and its enemies, particularly Hamas, and the deep-rooted hatred and fear that drives both sides. The text emphasizes the need for rational political solutions and coexistence, rather than destructive actions fueled by fear. The author also references the art of Francis Bacon as a reflection of our own fears and anxieties. The article concludes by highlighting the role of therapy in confronting and understanding our own nameless dread. It also explores the themes of dread and desire in various forms of art, such as cinema, literature, and painting. The author draws connections between the holding experience of therapy and the feeling of being held by cinema. The text suggests that there is no definitive resolution to nameless dread, but rather an ongoing oscillation between fear and its expression. [Extracted from the article]

Negative emotions following failure often lead to goal disengagement and have been a major focus of previous research. However, there has been limited research on how to enhance individuals' positive emotions following academic failure to promote their pursuit of goals. Two studies were conducted to address this issue. In Study 1, we used a 2 social comparison × 2 perseverance group to explore whether different levels of perseverance and various social comparison targets influenced happiness and gratitude after an anticipated exam failure. The results showed that participants exhibited lower levels of gratitude when comparing themselves to others than when no comparisons were made. However, social comparison did not affect happiness. Furthermore, individuals with high levels of perseverance reported experiencing greater happiness when their friends succeeded than when strangers succeeded. Study 2 extended this investigation to both contexts of anticipated and actual exam failures. The results for happiness were consistent with Study 1. In addition, individuals with high levels of perseverance expressed higher levels of gratitude following an actual exam failure when strangers succeeded than when their friends succeeded. These findings indicated that emotional responses to exam failure are influenced by both the target of comparison and individual traits during the social comparison process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failures of sustained attention, including lapses and mind-wandering, have serious consequences on cognitive task performance. In recent years, real-time triggering methods have been used to isolate periods of optimal and suboptimal attention based on patterns of response times in monotonous continuous performance tasks. In a closed-loop fashion, these triggering designs reduce the need for retrospective processing to identify periods of poor attention by using simple intrasubject response time boundaries to trigger events based on inferred attentional state. In the current review, we first discuss studies that used principal component analysis to identify response patterns that precede both task errors and phenomenological reports of mind-wandering. Then, we review designs that used real-time triggering conditions to reinforce the relationship between lapsing and memory encoding. Finally, we describe important next steps to generalize the utility of the triggering procedure across populations, validate lapse countermeasures, and shine light on the limited human capacity to maintain vigilance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image captioning has emerged as a prominent approach for generating verbal descriptions of images that humans can read and understand. Numerous techniques and models in this domain have predominantly focused on analyzing the factual elements present within an image, employing convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks to generate captions. However, an inherent limitation of these existing approaches is their failure to consider the emotional aspects exhibited by the main subject within an image, thereby potentially leading to inaccuracies in reflecting the conveyed emotional content. Acknowledging this limitation, this paper endeavors to construct an improved model dedicated to extracting human emotions from images and seamlessly embedding emotional attributes into the accompanying captions. In our research, we employ the widely accessible benchmarking image captioning dataset, Flickr8k. Our ultimate objective is to establish a more appropriate and impactful model for images containing human faces that provide more accurate and impacting captions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies concerning students' ability to deal with everyday academic challenges ('academic buoyancy') and adjust to changes ('adaptability') were investigated in educational research over the last two decades (e.g., Martin & Marsh, Journal of School Psychology, 46:53–83, 2008; Martin et al., Journal of Educational Psychology, 105:728–746, 2013). However, how students deal with challenges imposed by fate has not been well-studied. Other than students' abilities, students' belief plays an important role in dealing with the academic adversity that fate imposes. The present study harnessed the Hope Theory to examine (1) the relation between negotiable and achievement motivation (hope for success and fear of failure), (2) the relation between achievement motivation and engagement, and (3) the mediation effect of achievement motivation in the relation between negotiable fate and engagement. University students in Hong Kong (n = 339) responded to an online cross-sectional survey. Mediation analyses demonstrated that the relation between negotiable fate and engagement was mediated by hope for success but not by fear of failure. In addition, hope for success only mediated cognitive engagement and affective engagement. The relation between negotiable fate and behavioral engagement was not mediated by hope for success and fear of failure. The findings contribute to the literature on the negotiable fate-engagement theoretical relation in educational research. Also, practical insights were discussed to manage student cognitive and affective engagement with negotiable fate and hope for success under fate constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research has concentrated on the project portfolio selection (PPS) in the petroleum industry. In this study, the PPS has been treated as a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) problem; therefore, a hybrid framework comprising five MADM techniques has been proposed to tackle this problem. Several MADM techniques have been integrated to acquire more reliable decisions and consequently to decrease the risk of failure in the decision-making process. Since the proposed methodology is an MADM-based framework, there was a need to discover the influential attributes on selection of petroleum projects. In this respect, the literature of the PPS has been comprehensively reviewed and the most influential attributes have been detected. Sustainable development has been a concern for the researchers; hence, the sustainability-related attributes have been embraced in the decision-making process as well. To strengthen the practicality of the developed framework, the Delphi method has been employed to gather and converge the viewpoints of experts on the identified attributes. The Kruskal–Wallis statistical test has been implemented to compute the weights of the attributes. Having determined the influential attributes and their weights, the embedded MADM techniques in the proposed framework have been implemented to prioritize the potential petroleum projects of a real case study. To obtain the ultimate ranking of alternatives, the proposed framework consolidates the outputs of the aforementioned techniques through using the Copeland method. This paper has also proposed a mixed-integer mathematical formulation for the PPS problem to assess the precision and validity of the results delivered by the decision-making framework. Comparing the outputs of the proposed framework and the model revealed that the developed framework is capable of providing credible outcomes. Furthermore, several sensitivity analyses have been performed to demonstrate the robustness of the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time series interferometric SAR (TSInSAR) techniques face challenges related to the availability of highly coherent point targets in non-urban, vegetated, and mountainous regions. In this study, we tested an improved TSInSAR approach with the help of distributed scatterers (DS) detected through the fast statistically homogeneous pixel selection (faSHP) approach and jointly processed with persistent scatterers (PS) within the interferometric point target analysis (IPTA) framework. The method is applied to a seismically active and highly gradient terrain to investigate the earthquake-induced active unstable slopes (AUS) in the Muzaffarabad-Balakot region of northern Pakistan, particularly using sixteen PALSAR-2 images acquired between October 2014 and May 2020. However, its effectiveness was also assessed by using Sentinel-1 data from the same time period. The quantitative assessment showed the effectiveness of the method in delineating the sliding surfaces of the unstable slopes and achieving approximately four times higher point density as compared to the standard PSI approach when applied to PALSAR-2 data and approximately nine times higher point targets when Sentinel-1 data is used. Exhibiting an average deformation rate varying between −40 mm yr−1 and 20 mm yr−1 along the line of sight (LOS) direction, the obtained results from PALSAR-2 data revealed the existence of 451 AUS in the region. The study also reports the discovery of a giant destabilized slope (~2.30 sq. km) located near Patika Village along the Neelam River. The majority of these unstable slopes are found at altitudes above 780 m, with slope angles ranging from 15 to 50 degrees. The study also found a significant correlation between deformation patterns and local precipitation. The rainwater gradually penetrates into the joints and cracks, accelerating the processes of deformation and slope failure. The research and its findings could help decision-making entities by providing first-hand information for managing the risks associated with slope failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting truly relevant variables contributing to the response is a fundamental problem in many scientific fields. One of major challenges in variable selection is to effectively control the false discovery rate (FDR). Most existing variable selection procedures in survival analysis neglect the FDR control. In this article, we fill such a gap and propose a new and flexible variable selection method with guaranteed FDR control for accelerated failure time models. The proposed method combines the strengths of deep knockoffs and the weighted M-estimation procedure and enjoys the FDR control for arbitrarily high dimension with finite samples. More importantly, our method does not require prior knowledge about the joint distribution of covariates. Extensive simulation studies confirm the generality, effectiveness, and power of the proposed method. Finally, the proposed method is used to analyze a primary biliary cirrhosis data to demonstrate its practical utility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Childhood trauma history has frequently been linked to eating disorders (EDs); nevertheless, the scientific literature calls for extending knowledge regarding mediators between EDs and childhood trauma. This study explored whether ED symptoms and early maladaptive schemas were more severe in ED patients with severe childhood trauma than in ED patients with no/mild childhood trauma and whether early maladaptive schemas mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and ED symptom severity. Methods: Data were extracted from the Regional Centre for Eating Disorders registry at the University Hospital of Verona. The extracted data included self-reported data, including the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 score, Young Schema Questionnaire score, Childhood Experience and Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire score, and sociodemographic and clinical information on the ED outpatients seeking care. A mediation analysis using the structural equation modeling procedure was conducted. Results: Forty-two outpatients, 31% of whom exhibited severe childhood trauma, satisfied the criteria for registry data extraction. The severity of ED symptoms, as well as the early maladaptive schemas' scores for emotional deprivation, defectiveness, failure, vulnerability, insufficient self-control, and negativity, were greater in ED outpatients with severe childhood trauma. Furthermore, early maladaptive schemas related to defectiveness, failure, and negativity had a mediating role in the relationship between severe childhood trauma and ED symptom severity. Conclusions: This exploratory study provides preliminary evidence about the importance of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between trauma history and ED psychopathology. In addition, ED symptoms may represent a dysfunctional attempt to avoid unpleasant emotions associated with schema activation. The results support the need to consider early maladaptive schemas in the treatment of traumatized patients with ED symptoms. Study limitations, research and clinical implications are discussed. Plain English summary: Eating disorder psychopathology was found to be related to a history of trauma. Nonetheless, our understanding of the mediators of the relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorders remains to be improved. The current study revealed that certain early maladaptive schemas (i.e., defectiveness, failure, and negativity) mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and eating disorder symptoms and that outpatients who experienced severe childhood trauma reported more severe eating disorder symptoms and greater severity of certain early maladaptive schemas, such as emotional deprivation, defectiveness, failure, vulnerability, insufficient self-control, and negativity. Our findings support the need to consider early maladaptive schemas in the treatment of traumatized patients with eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professionals are encouraged to include multiple symptom validity tests (SVTs) and multiple performance validity tests (PVTs) to assess the credibility of clinical and forensic presentations. Combining the Inventory of Problems–29 (IOP-29, an SVT) with its Memory module (IOP-M, a PVT), referred to here as ‘IOP-29-M’, may be especially beneficial, as it allows for rapid assessment of both symptom and performance validity. Accordingly, the present study aimed at ‘stress testing’ the IOP-29-M by examining base rates of failure (BRFail) in 109 patients with schizophrenia spectrum psychopathology, both with and without criminal convictions. In the overall sample, BRFail were low: 13.8% and 8.3%, respectively, for the standard (≥ .50) and conservative (≥ .65) cutoffs of the IOP-29, and 12.8% and 9.2%, respectively, for the standard (≤ 29) and conservative (≤ 28) cutoffs of the IOP-M. Importantly, very few individuals, less than 5%, failed both components of the IOP-29-M. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrity and clarity of information have long been regarded as the cornerstones of advertising strategy. However, recent game advertising has taken a different approach. Specifically, incomplete game videos, especially those showcasing losing gameplay, are more likely to stimulate players' interest compared to complete videos of winning gameplay. This study, through five experiments, uncovers a dual-pathway mechanism behind this phenomenon. Firstly, information gaps resulting from incomplete videos trigger curiosity drive, compelling viewers to seek more information and reinforcing their willingness to engage in gaming. Secondly, witnessing failures in game demonstrations activates components of downward social comparison and competitive motivation. These findings offer valuable insights into the complex dynamics of game advertising, shedding light on the effects of information gaps, curiosity, and social comparison. They provide valuable implications for advertising strategies within the gaming industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Fear of physical activity (PA) is discussed as a barrier to regular exercise in patients with heart failure (HF), but HF-specific theoretical concepts are lacking. This study examined associations of fear of PA, heart-focused anxiety and trait anxiety with clinical characteristics and self-reported PA in outpatients with chronic HF. It was also investigated whether personality-related coping styles for dealing with health threats impact fear of PA via symptom perception. Methods and results: This cross-sectional study enrolled 185 HF outpatients from five hospitals (mean age 62 ± 11 years, mean ejection fraction 36.0 ± 12%, 24% women). Avoidance of PA, sports/exercise participation (yes/no) and the psychological characteristics were assessed by self-reports. Fear of PA was assessed by the Fear of Activity in Situations–Heart Failure (FActS-HF15) questionnaire. In multivariable regression analyses higher NYHA class (b = 0.26, p = 0.036) and a higher number of HF drugs including antidepressants (b = 0.25, p = 0.017) were independently associated with higher fear of PA, but not with heart-focused fear and trait anxiety. Of the three anxiety scores only increased fear of PA was independently associated with more avoidance behavior regarding PA (b = 0.45, SE = 0.06, p < 0.001) and with increased odds of no sports/exercise participation (OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.03–1.74, p = 0.028). Attention towards cardiac symptoms and symptom distress were positively associated with fear of PA (p < 0.001), which explained higher fear of PA in patients with a vigilant (directing attention towards health threats) coping style (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Fear of PA assessed by the FActS-HF15 is a specific type of anxiety in patients with HF. Attention towards and being distressed by HF symptoms appear to play a central role in fear of PA, particularly in vigilant patients who are used to direct their attention towards health threats. These findings provide approaches for tailored interventions to reduce fear of PA and to increase PA in patients with HF. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02898246. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores a formula for failure recovery to help aid higher education professionals. Topics discussed include the use of qualitative data from a study on executive academic leaders to explore the failure recovery process, emotions that can be elicited by derailment in a person, and factors that affect derailment experience.

Failures in the integration of solar energy into smart grids can have significant implications for energy reliability and environmental sustainability, resulting in a greater dependence on conventional energy sources and increased carbon emissions. These failures can impact system functionality, efficiency, and long-term cost savings. Therefore, failure analysis plays a crucial role in identifying the underlying causes, devising appropriate solutions, and enhancing the performance of solar integration within smart grid systems. The conventional method of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is widely utilized to identify failure modes in various processes. However, the Risk Priority Number (RPN) scoring system employed in FMEA has faced criticism due to its limitations. To overcome this challenge, our hybrid FMEA approach integrates cost and time considerations into the RPN calculation, thereby enhancing the assessment of failure factors. In the second step of our methodology, we utilize the Spherical Fuzzy Step-Wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SF-SWARA) technique and expert insights to determine the weightage of the five underlying factors. Lastly, in the third phase, we propose the Spherical Fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (SF-WASPAS) method to prioritize risks based on the outcomes of the previous phases, while taking into account the uncertainty in the determinants and assigning varying weights to them. According to SF-WASPAS, the highest-rated failure is connectivity and cybersecurity, underscoring the critical importance of ensuring secure and reliable connections in solar systems. Additionally, the FMEA results indicate that overheating or fire ranks as the most significant risk, emphasizing the need for effective fire prevention and mitigation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative grading methods, such as standards-based grading, provide students multiple opportunities to demonstrate their understanding of the learning outcomes in a course. These grading methods allow for more flexibility and help promote a growth mindset by embracing constructive failure for students. Implementation of these alternative grading methods requires developing specific, transparent, and assessable standards. Moving away from traditional methods also requires a mindset shift for how both students and instructors approach assessment. While providing multiple opportunities is important for learning in any course, these methods are particularly relevant to an upper level mathematical statistics course where topics covered often provide an additional challenge for students as they lie at the intersection of both theory and application. By providing multiple opportunities, students have the space for constructive failure as they tackle learning both a conceptual understanding of statistics and the supporting mathematical theory. In this article we share our experiences—including both challenges and benefits for students and instructors—in implementing standards-based grading in the first semester of a mathematical statistics course (i.e., focus primarily on probability). for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Russia's poor military performance in the early stages of the full-scale war in Ukraine (2022-) has been attributed to various causes. This article considers its possible intellectual causes. Reviewing public Russian military and security discussions on new wars in the years prior to Russia's full-scale invasion, it argues that Russian operational planning on Ukraine aligned with key assumptions in Russian thinking about new wars. In particular, the Russian leadership's failure to acknowledge Ukrainian agency, its misguided emphasis on non-kinetic means and its mistaken assumption that Western states would be unwilling to respond forcefully to Russian aggression followed key tenets of Russian new war thinking. This raises questions about the relationship between Russian military theorizing and Russian military action, and how a prevailing intellectual paradigm shaped Russian perceptions about the reasonability of the invasion plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although parents have been shown to be key to children's motivation and learning, little is known regarding the specific ways in which parents might influence their children's academic outcomes. The present study aimed to explore the direct effect of parents' failure beliefs on children's math achievement as well as the mediating effects of children's math self-efficacy, responses to failure and intelligence mindset in this context. The participants included 451 Chinese fifth-grade children and their parents. The results of this research revealed that (a) parents' failure beliefs were directly and positively associated with children's math achievement; (b) parents' failure beliefs affected children's math achievement through the chain mediating effects of children's responses to failure and math self-efficacy as well as the chain mediating effects of children's failure beliefs and intelligence mindset; and (c) children's responses to failure played fully mediating roles in the relationship between parents' failure beliefs and children's intelligence mindset as well as in the relationship between parents' failure beliefs and children's math self-efficacy. All of these findings can guide parents in their attempts to support their children's education most effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of the Executive and the relationship between powers is measured based on a qualitative analysis of the processing of Executive Decrees (mp). It was found that, in most cases, failure to pass does not mean defeat, as the effects are achieved while in force without obstruction. This dispels the common interpretation of the large number of expired MP under Bolsonaro's term as poor performance and opposition from the legislature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some modern conflicts, stronger militaries have displayed poor performance in conflicts, as evidenced by slow military offensives, high battlefield casualty rates, failure to secure planned objectives and defeat in the war. Poor conflict performance, in these cases, is attributed to material and certain non-material state characteristics such as regime type, economic development, and ideology. Current explanations of conflict performance, however, have yet to integrate empirical evidence identifying another state characteristic as a negative influence on state capacity: corruption. To address this gap, we identify direct and indirect theoretical channels by which state-level corruption impacts conflict performance. Corruption decreases the war material available to troops on the ground and negatively impacts strategic decision-making by commanders. An analysis of states in interstate conflicts from 1816 to 1990 confirms the relationship between corruption and several measures of conflict performance. Case evidence from the First Russian-Chechen War is used to illustrate the mechanisms of our argument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formula "end of the Cold War" conveyed an erroneous idea. For centuries the relations between "East" and "West" were characterized by antagonism. In the 1990s determined attempts were undertaken to overcome the polarity. Western Europe and the US responded favorably to the desire of Central/Eastern Europe and of Russia to integrate themselves into Western institutions and organisms defined by democracy and market economy. However, the force of existing mental realities -- such as the fear of Russia in Central/European states or Russia's clinging to its imperialist past and failure to handle its economy and finances well -- proved to be stronger than the idealistic intentions formed in 1989--90 on both sides of the divide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A failed innovation may signal that line of research must be abandoned. • But on the other hand this line of research could be fruitful if further pursued. • In this case a failure is not a reliable signal that this line should be abandoned. • We show that the latter case is especially relevant in complex technologies. This paper explores whether failures in innovation projects at the firm level contribute to strengthening firms' innovative activities and the odds of future innovation. Building on the literature on NK fitness landscapes, our paper focuses on technological complexity as a key factor that influences the response to innovation failures, guiding whether to discontinue the current path or, alternatively, to leverage the failure as a foundation for future innovation success. We then test the hypothesis derived from our model using a panel data set constituted by ten waves of the Community Innovation Survey held in the Netherlands from 1996 to 2014. Our findings show the fundamental relevance of the different forms of learning that are available to the firm. In particular, we highlight the positive role of learning after a previous innovation project has been abandoned. Previous failure in innovating produces some forms of learning inside the firms, and this learning positively contributes to subsequent successful innovation. Moreover, by differentiating between radical and incremental innovation, and between complex and less-complex innovation landscapes, we highlight the role of incremental innovation over the whole spectrum of landscape complexity, while the role of radical innovation appears to be more limited to less turbulent technological landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a book by David Farrell Krell titled "Three Encounters: Heidegger, Arendt, Derrida." The book is a combination of memoir, biography, autobiography, letter writing, logotherapy, and character description. It explores Krell's relationships with philosophers Martin Heidegger, Hannah Arendt, and Jacques Derrida, and how these relationships influenced his own life and work. The book provides insights into the philosophical ideas of these intellectuals and emphasizes the importance of personal experiences in understanding their work. It also delves into Krell's experiences as a translator of Heidegger's works and the challenges of translation. [Extracted from the article]

Narratives can influence risk-taking by shaping perceptions and emotions. In the present study we used first-person audio and video narratives describing either financial successes, failures, or neutral events devoid of any risk references in order to investigate how these types of stimuli affect risk-taking performance in the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART). Audio narratives of different types did not significantly alter risk-taking in the BART. However, videos depicting neutral narratives and narratives about financial successes surprisingly had risk-demoting influence compared to videos about financial failures, indexed by the percentage of popped balloons. The underlying reason for this finding remains to be understood. Additionally, gender differences emerged by the adjusted pumps measure in interaction with stimuli condition. Specifically, female participants displayed riskier tendencies after audio narratives, and conversely, video narratives led to a slight increase in risk-taking among male participants. These results emphasize the significant role of stimuli modality and indexing measures in risk-related studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure initiation and subsequent crack trajectory in heterogeneous materials, such as functionally graded materials and bones, are yet insufficiently addressed. The AT1 phase field model (PFM) is investigated herein in a 1D setting, imposing challenges and opportunities when discretized by h- and p-finite element (FE) methods. We derive explicit PFM solutions to a heterogeneous bar in tension considering heterogeneous E(x) and G Ic (x) , necessary for verification of the FE approximations. G Ic (x) corrections accounting for the element size at the damage zone in h-FEMs are suggested to account for the peak stress underestimation. p-FEMs do not require any such corrections. We also derive and validate penalty coefficient for heterogeneous domains to enforce damage positivity and irreversibility via penalization. Numerical examples are provided, demonstrating that p-FEMs exhibit faster convergence rates comparing to classical h-FEMs. The new insights are encouraging towards p-FEM discretization in a 3D setting to allow an accurate prediction of failure initiation in human bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article relates how tropical disease ravaged the British army in the late-eighteenth-century Caribbean, using the San Juan expedition of 1780 as a case study. Based on eighteenth-century European understandings of epidemiology, martial and medicinal officials of the San Juan expedition believed that the outbreak of pestilence within the British army reflected a failure in discipline, properly provisioning troops, as well as overall leadership and planning. Thus, despite natural agents playing a significant role in stalling Britain's advance in Nicaragua, eighteenth-century military and medical authorities dictated that difficulties caused by disease and the environment could be overcome by human might. While the British ultimately could not overcome the devastating effects that tropical diseases had on the army, human agency also led to the expedition's failure. The British did not maintain good relations with their Indigenous allies, the Miskito, which resulted in their abandonment of the campaign. Consequently, they were left without crucial soldiers, guides, and labourers who were necessary to continue the invasion of Central America. Moreover, the Spaniards' stout defence of their territory also hindered the British expeditionary force, stalling their advance at the Castillo de la Inmaculada Concepción. As a result, both natural and human agency dictated the outcome of the San Juan expedition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do presidents authorize risky covert operations given the potential negative impact failure could have on their administrations? I utilize a case study analysis of President Barack Obama's decision to approve Operation Neptune Spear, the raid on the compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan to capture or kill al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. By developing the concept of the specter of failure, I assess the options and potential outcomes presented to the president prior to the operation. While it was ultimately a success, I argue the possibility of failure drove the president to maintain a robust decision-making process. This research provides further evidence that Obama acted as his own honest broker in the realm of national security. Additionally, evidence suggests the president and his advisors were influenced by history, especially Operation Eagle Claw, the failed attempt to rescue hostages from the U.S. embassy in Iran approved by President Jimmy Carter three decades prior. Additionally, while Vice President Joe Biden advised against the mission, his participation throughout the process improved Obama's assessment as well as informed his own choices upon entering the Oval Office as president a decade later. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the decline or failure in the autonomous learning capability of traditional transfer learning methods when training and test samples come from different machines, resulting in low cross-machine fault diagnosis rates, we propose a cross-domain manifold structure preservation (CDMSP) method for diagnosing rolling bearing faults across machines. The CDMSP method can induce the manifold space projection matrices of the source and target domains more effectively. This method maps high-dimensional features into a low-dimensional manifold, preserving non-linear relationships and aligning distribution differences while maintaining cross-domain manifold structure consistency. Additionally, highly confidently labeled target domain samples are selected from each mapping result and added to the training dataset to enhance subspace learning in subsequent iterations. The CDMSP method is both simple and effective at capturing the underlying structures and patterns in the data. The CWRU dataset and our self-built test platform dataset were used to validate this method. Experimental results show that CDMSP, as a non-deep domain adaptation method of transfer learning, outperforms similar methods in cross-machine fault identification, achieving a maximum fault identification accuracy of 100 % with excellent convergence performance. Furthermore, simulated diagnostic experiments under noise interference indicate that CDMSP maintains high fault identification accuracy, even in noisy environments. Overall, CDMSP is an efficient and reliable new method for diagnosing cross-machine bearing faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humankind is reaching a breaking point whereby the prevailing forces of relating are wholly characterized by greed, hate and domination. This worldview seems fixed and objectifies and reduces other humans who are perceived as different, as well as animals, birds, insects, trees and plants as lesser and expendable. But what if the universal attitude were one of kinship with all dynamic beings? A stance which values all forms of living matter as one of us; where nothing has greater value than another form of living matter, making each an equal part of the whole. A stance where relationships are characterized by reverence, reciprocity and the real sense that there is abundance – that there is enough to go around. Out of a sense of grief and horror over the failure of humans to love all of earth's constituents, we have developed a novel construct presented here: a Kinship Object. This kinship object, an original psychoanalytic idea, is introduced to frame the capacity for balance with regard to relating with maturity and care to all sentient beings. The processes of possessing love and hate, concern, selfhood and otherness, and the thinking and kinship apparatuses are embedded in the kinship object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Daratumumab's incorporation in the upfront treatment of light chain (AL) amyloidosis has led to daratumumab (dara) refractoriness early in disease course. Patients who experience relapse or have suboptimal response to dara-based-therapy, have limited options. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of venetoclax-based therapy in t(11;14) positive AL patients who previously failed dara. Methods: Thirty-one patients with AL were included in this bi-institutional retrospective analysis. Results: Dara failure was due to inadequate response in 20 (65%) patients, haematologic relapse in 7 (22%), and both haematologic plus organ relapse in 4 (13%). Overall haematologic response rate to venetoclax-based therapy was 97%, with ≥ VGPR being 91%. Of the 19 evaluable patients with cardiac involvement, 14 (74%) achieved organ response. Of the 13 evaluable patients with renal involvement, 6 (46%) achieved organ response. With a median follow-up of 22 months, median time-to-next-treatment (TTNT) and overall survival (OS) were not reached. The 12- and 24-month TTNT rates were 74% and 56%, respectively. At data-cut-off, four patients had died, all from AL-related organ complications. The 12- and 24-month OS rates were 89% and 85%, respectively. Grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 26% of patients, with 6% due to infections. Conclusion: These findings are encouraging for the use of venetoclax as salvage therapy post-dara failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of drawings in analyzing complex trauma. It discusses how drawings can reveal hidden emotions and serve as a visual map for patients to explore their traumatic past. The author also shares their own process of using drawings to explore their reactions to trauma. The article emphasizes the importance of staying close to the patient's perspective and allowing them to lead the interpretation of their drawings. It also discusses the potential therapeutic benefits of using drawings as a creative method to support emotional recovery. The text highlights the use of creative methods, specifically drawing, in analyzing trauma and dissociation, and emphasizes the potential for healing and growth through collaborative and creative approaches to therapy. [Extracted from the article]

This Editorial explores the challenges and barriers faced by women in leadership roles within higher education institutions using Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. This Editorial investigates internal, external, and institutional obstacles hindering women's progression into leadership positions. Gender biases, socio-political traditions, cultural expectations, and institutional norms contribute to the under-representation of women in leadership roles. Additionally, internal factors such as lack of confidence and fear of failure further impede career advancement. Despite these challenges, the editorial highlights the pivotal role of women in shaping leadership standards and underscores the transformative impact of diverse leadership teams. The Editorial advocates for pragmatic scholarly approaches to considering achievement of equal opportunities for women in leadership, emphasising education, progressive workplace policies, mentorship programs, and cultural shifts. By embracing an approach nested in the macro-, meso-, and micro-level environments, a more holistic approach to research aimed at fostering innovative scholarly advancement is encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The belief that a life of passion is a life well-lived serves as a perpetual motivator to pursue work aligned with one's passion. Both work and family are essential life domains in many people's lives, and they often interconnect, impacting each other. In the workplace, passion is a highly desired but under-researched employee characteristic, offering benefits like positive emotions and improved performance but also carrying risks, such as inflexibility. Drawing on job demands-resources theory and conservation of resources theory, our inquiry offers an integrative conceptual framework that combines insights from positive psychology, organizational behavior, and human resource development (HRD) literature. This framework enhances our understanding of how work passion connects to the work-family interface, considering the roles of psychological capital and self-regulation failure in interactions beyond work. Our study includes implications for HRD practitioners motivated to promote change initiatives and an agenda for future research for HRD scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Donor-specific antibodies (DSAs) correspond to anti-HLA antibodies of the recipient that are specifically directed to a mismatched antigen of the donor. In the setting of solid organ transplantation DSAs are associated with rejection. Their role is still debated in allogeneic cell transplantation. International guidelines recommend testing patients for DSA before transplant, and if possible, choosing a donor with negative screening. Methods: We collected clinical data of 236 recipients of alloSCT, performed at our institution from March 2019 to October 2023, to evaluate their impact on engraftment. Serum from all patients was tested for DSA. Results: 186 patients (79%) achieved sustained myeloid engraftment within day 30 post alloSCT. Thirty-two out 236 (13%) patients engrafted after day 30 post alloSCT. The median times to neutrophil engraftment and platelet engraftment were respectively 21 days (range 11-121 days) and 19 days (range 10-203 days). Fourteen out 236 patients (6%) experienced PrGF. .Twenty-nine patients (12 %) were DSA-positive. Among 29 patients with DSA positivity, 17 had a haploidentical donor and 12 had a UD donor. DSA positivity directly correlates respectively with neutrophil and platelets engraftment failure at 30 days after alloSCT (p=0.01 and p= 0.0004). Univariate Cox analysis showed that factors, including DSAs positivity, disease type, disease status, donor type, conditioning regimen, patient's age, and CD34+ were correlated with neutrophil and platelet engraftment failure at 30 days after alloSCT. Younger patients with DSA negativity, with acute leukemia, in complete response at the time of transplant, who received a higher dose of CD34+ cells from a sibling donor after a myeloablative conditioning regimen, have a reduced risk of neutrophil and platelet engraftment failure at day +30 post alloSCT.Multivariate analysis confirmed the impact of the presence of DSA only for platelet engraftment, confirming the role of type and status disease, donor type, recipient age, and CD34+ cells infused on engraftment. DSA presence has no impact on TRM, DFS, and OS. Discussion: PrGF has a multifactorial pathogenesis, where DSA is not the only player, but its impact could vary depending on the transplant platform. Thus patient screening may be helpful to choose the best donor and transplant strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Can public inquiries and truth commissions provide a space for political transformation? This article investigates the field of transitional justice to address this question, focusing on pessimistic accounts of the persistent failure of truth-telling practices. It identifies three main narratives on why truth commissions fail to promote change, namely the failure of implementation, failure of design and failure by design narratives. This article contends that none of these narratives satisfactorily answer the question raised by this special issue due to their attachment to a referentialist ontology and a linear temporality of truth-seeking. Combining Rancière's critique of political philosophy with insights from Lacanian psychoanalysis, the article advances a radical theory of accountability capable of circumventing these limitations and elucidating the links between truth-telling and political transformation. Based on an anti-foundationalist approach, this theory sees the work of truth commissions as situated in struggles that constitute the after-maths; the process of counting the parts of a conflict (victims, perpetrators, collaborators) and making suffering count (as violence) by attaching it to an object source (a cause). Seen in a radical light, truth-telling appears trespassed by two organizing principles: the management of monstrosity (as a regime of visibility that formalizes suffering and apportions blame and culpability) and the inevitable miscount of the identities that populate the victim-perpetrators spectrum. The article argues that investigative commissions are doomed to fail, but it is thanks to this failure that they can offer a space for political transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current notice and choice privacy framework fails to empower individuals in effectively making their own privacy choices. In this Article we offer evidence from three novel experiments showing that at the core of this failure is a cognitive error. Notice and choice caters to a heuristic that people employ to make privacy decisions. This heuristic is meant to distinguish between a party's good or bad intent in face‐to‐face‐situations. In the online context, it distorts privacy decision‐making and leaves potential disclosers vulnerable to exploitation. From our experimental evidence exploring the heuristic's effect, we conclude that privacy law must become more behaviorally aware. Specifically, privacy law must be redesigned to intervene in the cognitive mechanisms that keep individuals from making better privacy decisions. A behaviorally‐aware privacy regime must centralize, standardize and simplify the framework for making privacy choices. To achieve these goals, we propose a master privacy template which requires consumers to define their privacy preferences in advance—doing so avoids presenting the consumer with a concrete counterparty, and this, in turn, prevents them from applying the intent heuristic and reduces many other biases that affect privacy decision‐making. Our data show that blocking the heuristic enables consumers to consider relevant privacy cues and be considerate of externalities their privacy decisions cause. The master privacy template provides a much more effective platform for regulation. Through the master template the regulator can set the standard for automated communication between user clients and website interfaces, a facility which we expect to enhance enforcement and competition about privacy terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi-label Short Text Classification (MSTC) is a challenging subtask of Multi-Label Text Classification (MLTC) for tagging a short text with the most relevant subset of labels from a given set of labels. Recent studies have attempted to address MSTC task using MLTC methods and Pre-trained Language Models (PLM) based fine-tuning approaches, but suffering the low performance from the following three reasons, 1) failure to address the issue of data sparsity of short texts, 2) lack of adaptation to the long-tail distribution of labels in multi-label scenarios and 3) an implicit weakness in the encoding length for PLM, which limits the ability of the prompt learning paradigm. Therefore, in this paper, we propose KSSVPT, a Knowledge and Separating Soft Verbalizer based Prompt Tuning method for MSTC to address the above challenges. Firstly, to mitigate the sparsity issue in short texts, we propose a novel approach that enhances the semantic information of short texts by integrating external knowledge into the soft prompt template. Secondly, we construct a new soft prompt verbalizer for MSTC, called separating soft prompt verbalizer, to adapt to the long-tail distribution issue aggravated by multiple labels. Thirdly, we propose a mechanism of label cluster grouping in building a prompt template to directly alleviate limited encoding length and capture the label correlation. Extensive experiments conducted on six benchmark datasets demonstrate the superiority of our model compared to all competing models for MLTC and MSTC in the tackling of MSTC task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]