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The current cultivated land quality (CLQ) evaluation method fails to consider the determination of soil nutrients, resulting in the low efficiency of soil nutrient message extraction. In an effort to effectively solve the above problems, combined with the spatial variation of soil nutrients (SVSN) at the field scale, a CLQ evaluation method is proposed. The soil nutrients were determined according to the soil spatial variation analysis, and the soil color was standardized. The characteristic bands were determined by soil fertility and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and the soil nutrient message was preprocessed. On this basis, the soil nutrient message extraction model was constructed. According to the damage principle of subsoiling shovel, the limit value of the membership function of the CLQ exponent is determined, and the weighted sum method is used to calculate the CLQ exponent, so as to realize the SVSN and the evaluation of CLQ at the field scale. The experimental results show that the dimensional autocorrelation of soil bulk density and soil water content in different soil layers is high and that of capillary porosity, non-capillary porosity, and total porosity in different soil layers is strong.

Abstract Although solar exposure is necessary for human health, phototoxicology induced by excessive UVB and UVA radiation, which involves sunburns, skin aging and even tumorigenesis, has been widely researched. Sunscreen is one of the most important ways to protect skin from UV phototoxic damage. As well as inorganic and organic UV filters, some natural products or plant extracts with aromatic rings in their structures, such as flavonoids or polyphenols, can absorb UV to reduce sunburn, acting as a natural UV filter; they also show antioxidant or/and anti‐inflammatory activity. This could explain why, although there are no officially approval natural commercial sun‐filters, more and more commercial sunscreen products containing plant extracts are available on the market. Here we summarize articles focusing on natural UV filters from plant published in the last 6 years, selecting the most significant data in order to better understand the photoprotective activity of natural products and extracts from plants, including their major constituents and main biological effects, methods for evaluating UV radiation resistance, anti‐UV radiation experimental models and anti‐UV radiation mechanisms.

The concept of Multifunctional Territorialized Agrifood Systems (MTASs) arose as an alternative to global hegemonic models in the 21st century. This study intends to identify the main ecosystem values and services generated by the MTAS of the carob tree in the territory of Valencia, which is one of the most characteristic dryland fruit tree species farmed in the Mediterranean. To do so, a multi-criteria quantitative evaluation system has been used that enables values to be assigned to the kinds of significance placed on MTASs. For this purpose, a questionnaire was carried out with 268 local inhabitants. The global score obtained is 7.6 points, indicating a high heritage value. Some of the criteria with the best scores are related to the authenticity of the carob tree and its social and historical values since this crop is a testament to ancestral techniques and traditions. Furthermore, this Mediterranean crop provides numerous ecosystem services and has multiple properties and applications, mainly in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The local population has scored the vulnerability value with only 4.1 points as a consequence of the progressive abandonment of the cultivated area in recent decades. Therefore, greater involvement from social stakeholders is essential in order to preserve this crop.

Copyright of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College is the property of Journal of Hubei Open Vocational College Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Transmittance is an important evaluation parameter of display equipment. High transmittance has better effects both on power dissipation and subjective visual feeling of image. In this paper, we reported a brand new method to simulate the transmittance considering the polarization characteristics of backlight unit. The new method optimized the test method of polarization characteristics of backlight unit, put forward an algorithm that can transfer polarization characteristics into parameters of polarizer database in Techwiz, changed the simulation way of Techwiz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatigue tests conducted in an indoor environment for evaluating the anti-reflection crack performance of asphalt overlay are associated with large specimen size and significant dispersion in the test results. To overcome these drawbacks, a test method based on small composite specimens and composite-specimen interface-cracking (CSIC) samples was developed to evaluate the anti-reflection crack performance of asphalt overlays. The effect of glass fiber gratings with three different sizes and no glass fiber grating on the anti-reflection crack performance of the asphalt overlays was compared and analyzed through fatigue tests. The results showed an evident anti-reflection crack effect in the specimens with glass fiber grating; the fatigue test with the CSIC specimens could effectively improve the precision of the test method and reduce the dispersion in the test results. Based on a fatigue test conducted through the ABAQUS finite element analysis software simulation, the feasibility of the evaluation method could be effectively verified. Our study can serve as a basis for the reasonable selection of reinforcing materials to extend the service life of asphalt overlays.

With the growth of electricity consumers purchasing green energy and the development of digital energy trading platforms, the role of digitalized retail electricity markets in the low-carbon transition of electric energy systems is becoming increasingly crucial. In this circumstance, the research work on retail electricity markets needs to be further analyzed and expanded, which would facilitate the efficient decision-making of both market players and policymakers. First, this paper introduces the latest developments in the retail electricity market under low-carbon energy transition and analyzes the limitations of the existing research works. Second, from three aspects of power trading strategy, retail pricing methodology, and market risk management, it provides an overview of the existing operation and mechanism design strategies of the retail electricity market; then, it provides a systematic introduction to the evaluation system and monitoring methodology of electricity markets, which is not sufficient for the current digitalized retail electricity markets. Finally, the issues regarding operation evaluation and platform optimization of the current digitalized retail electricity market are summarized, and the research topics worth further investigations are recommended.

The neglect of endogenous strength is one of the reasons for the lack of sustainability in mountainous rural development and tourism development in China at present. How to incorporate the opinions of villagers in the tourism development process led by the government and other external entities is the main focus of this article. Based on the fieldwork of two typical mountainous villages and a previous rural development evaluation method, this article proposes the villager-satisfaction-based evaluation method for tourism village development, covering rural settlement construction, village esthetics, and economic and social development. "Villager satisfaction" is a crucial indicator obtained by objectifying the subjective opinions of villagers. Finally, the evaluation method was applied in the form of a questionnaire in two villages. The experimental results are correlated with the tourism development patterns of the two villages, verifying the feasibility and effectiveness of the evaluation method. It is expected that this evaluation method will become an effective communication medium between non-professional villagers and the professional tourism development process, thereby promoting the sustainable development of rural areas in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society is the property of Bulletin of the Chinese Ceramic Society Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In view of the high rework rate and lack of collaborative design and intelligent information processing in traditional building design processes, this paper proposes an energy-saving design method for green buildings based on BIM technology. Starting from the principles of green building design, design preparation, and design concepts, this method establishes an overall plan for energy-saving design. Furthermore, through a comparative analysis of traditional computer-aided architectural design and BIM green building technology, the paper elaborates on the connotation of energy-saving design elements, including the selection of modeling software, energy-saving design of building envelope structures, and lighting energy-saving design. The paper also presents an evaluation method for the energy-saving effect of green buildings based on BIM, providing a theoretical foundation and application support for the application of BIM technology in the field of green buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Design for Assembly (DFA) method, incorporating lean and prefabricated construction concepts, is emerging as a novel approach to industrialize the construction industry. In recent years, several countries have developed guidance documents to enhance building assembly efficiency and quality through the implementation of DFA methods. However, there remains significant room for improvement in the assembly efficiency of prefabricated buildings, along with a lack of effective evaluation measures. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a DFA evaluation method specifically applicable to prefabricated buildings, utilizing the formula design, Delphi method, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The DFA evaluation method presented in this study comprises two main components: the assembly efficiency index (AEI) and the assembly design index (ADI). The assembly efficiency evaluation serves to gauge the efficiency level of a construction system and identify the space for improvement. On the other hand, the assembly design evaluation identifies factors influencing assembly, enabling process enhancement and upgrading. Subsequently, the paper employs the developed evaluation method to analyze a case, the New Lawuga School in Yushu, China. The AEI of the New Lawuga School is 2.44 m3/pc., and the ADI value of the building is 0.54. The assembly evaluation of the New Lawuga School reveals that efficient assembly was achieved through integrated design and parts reduction. However, non-standardized design emerged as a hindrance to the assembly process. The primary contribution of this study lies in the proposed DFA evaluation method tailored specifically for prefabricated buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for technical evaluation of sealing agent used for rapid roll-to-roll gold electroplating in laboratory were established from the following aspects: properties of gold coating, efficiency of sealing, cost of sealing agent, and environmental friendliness. The test methods were described. The comprehensive performance of three sealing agents were quantitatively evaluated, providing a reference for plating plants to select excellent sealing agent for gold coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water lock is a common phenomenon in the development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs, which seriously affects gas permeability and recovery, and greatly restricts the efficient development of gas reservoirs. Therefore, the accurate evaluation of water lock degree is particularly important for the fine development of gas reservoirs. Through the analysis of microscopic pore throat structure and basic seepage principle of tight sandstone reservoir, combined with dynamic production parameters, the mathematical relationship between porosity, production pressure gradient and water lock effect was established, and the concept of dynamic water lock index was proposed, so as to quantitatively characterize the degree of water lock in production. Furthermore, the microscopic characterization con)clusion was extended to the macroscopic, and the water lock condition was quantitatively analyzed from the microscopic scale to the macroscopic scale. The influence of different production pressure gradients and porosity on the water lock effect was clarified, and a new method for quantitative evaluation of dynamic water lock degree was established. Through the comparative analysis of the actual production data in the study area, the accuracy and feasibility of the evaluation method were further verified. The method can be used to quantitatively analyze and monitor the degree of water lock in tight sandstone gas reservoirs, so as to provide guidance for the deter)mination of the distribution of remaining gas and the design of the next stimulation process measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 15 years, the shale gas revolution and large-scale commercial developments in the United States have driven the exploration and development of shale plays worldwide. Among many factors affecting shale gas exploration potential, the gas-bearing properties of shale (quantity, storage state, composition) and their controlling factors are the essential research attracting wide attention in the academic community. This paper reviews the research progress on the retention mechanism, influencing factors, and evaluation methods for resource potential of the shale gas system, and proposes further research directions. Sorption is the main mechanism of gas retention in organic-rich shales; the gas is mainly stored in nanopores of shale in free and sorption states. The presence of water and nonhydrocarbon gases in pores can complicate the process and mechanism of methane (CH4) sorption, and the related theoretical models still need further development. The in-situ gas content and gasbearing properties of shale are governed by the geological properties (organic matter abundance, kerogen type, thermal maturity, mineral composition, diagenesis), the properties of fluids in pores (water, CH4, non-hydrocarbon gases), and geological conditions (temperature, pressure, preservation conditions) of the shale itself. For a particular basin or block, it is still challenging to define the main controlling factors, screen favorable exploration areas, and locate sweet spots. Compared to marine shales with extensive research and exploration data, lacustrine and marine-continental transitional shales are a further expanding area of investigation. Various methods have been developed to quantitatively characterize the in-situ gas content of shales, but all these methods have their own limitations, and more in-depth studies are needed to accurately evaluate and predict the in-situ gas content of shales, especially shales at deep depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Outward-bound is of great significance in physical education. How to use the neural network model for the outward-bound evaluation in order to provide trainers and trainees with training parameters that can be referred to for each extension exercise. This not only evaluates the effectiveness of each stretch, but also quantifies various metrics of each stretch, such as safety, efficiency, training intensity, and more. In this paper, we propose an evaluation model for outward-bound based on the neural network which is a computational intelligence method to provide trainers and trainees with training parameters that can be referred to for each extension exercise. First, we analyze and categorize different types of outreach programs. Second, we extract different indicators as feature data according to the learning process of outbound training. Third, we adopt the powerful learning ability of a neural network to make evaluation analysis. Finally, we experimentally verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Rubber Industry is the property of Editorial Office of China Rubber Industry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Command Control & Simulation / Zhihui Kongzhi yu Fangzhen is the property of Command Control & Simulation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The preparation of true shale cores is limited by the characteristics of shale formations, such as the development of bedding and micro-fractures, poor cementation, and fragility. Artificial cores cannot meet the requirements of shale at the nanometer scale and are not representative. Existing plugging evaluation methods have problems such as cumbersome steps, long time consumption, and low evaluation accuracy. Therefore, this paper proposes a shale plugging evaluation method based on the simulation of "thick mud cakes". This method analyzes the effects of factors such as bentonite dosage, type and dosage of treatment agent, barite content and particle size distribution on mud cake parameters through approximation experiments, establishes a standard slurry formula for "thick mud cakes", and prepares a standard "thick mud cake" with a thickness of 10.03 mm and a permeability of 4.79·10-4 mD to evaluate the plugging effect by the reduction rate of permeability. Based on this method, four plugging agents were selected and combined to obtain the best compound plugging agent. The drilling fluid system plugging evaluation was carried out on both the standard "thick mud cake" and thin mud cake, and the microscopic plugging mechanism of shale was analyzed. The results show that this method is simple to operate, has good reproducibility and high accuracy in plugging evaluation results, and has strong application potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the new round of strategic breakthrough in mineral prospecting, critical mineral resources, such as Ni, Cu, PGE, W, Sn and Mo, are mainly produced in the small intrusions and/or their adjacent country rocks. The mechanism of “small intrusive mineralization” was systematically explained; the main scientific issues of the theoretical system, such as the characteristics of the source and the evolution process of the ore-forming magma and/or hydrothermal fluid, the mass balance of the ore-bearing intrusion, and the emplacement depth, uplift height, erosion degree of the ore deposits, were discussed. By introducing examples of mineral prospecting breakthroughs guided by the theory of “small intrusive mineralization”, a three-step evaluation method for mafic-ultramafic intrusion was proposed to screen out the ore-bearing intrusion quickly and economically by grasping the key information elements from a variety of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, and remote sensing imagery. Exploration results to date indicate that the theory of “small intrusive mineralization” has enormous prospective potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The choice of agricultural crops for sowing and the planning of yields and economic results is realized in conditions of uncertainty and risk. The factors that contribute most to the uncertainty in achieving yields in agricultural production can be quantified using the method of fuzzyfication. The method based on the unique assessment of criteria represents an innovative approach to solving uncertainty in agricultural production. A key feature of this method is its ability to treat criteria as fuzzy scores and to allow their aggregation to make a final yield planning decision. In the paper, 15 main criteria were chosen that influence the planning of yield when sowing sage, nettle and rye. Based on economic indicators, the economic analysis does not numerically describe the impact of uncertainty, which in agricultural production can have an inestimable importance on realized yields and incomes. The method used is a suitable tool for analysis and planning in agriculture, it enables effective treatment of uncertainty and competing criteria, providing farmers with a reliable basis for making decisions about yield planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources / Kuangchan Zonghe Liyong is the property of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper primarily investigates the protective effect of the damping layer in tunnel lining structures under dynamic loads. A series of shaking table tests was conducted to investigate the seismic response mechanism of tunnel linings and the influence of surrounding rocks using the Wenchuan earthquake (magnitude 8.0) as a reference. The results show that the effect of the damping layer protection measures is accurate using the efficiency evaluation method for the damping layer under seismic excitation. The lower the excitation acceleration is, the better the effect will be. In addition, the damping coefficient is introduced to optimize the efficiency evaluation method for the damping layer. Among the factors influencing the seismic response of lining structures, the type of surrounding rock has a significant impact while the thickness of the damping layer has a relatively lesser influence. In seismic intensity areas of equal magnitude, an increase in the damping layer thickness leads to a more noticeable effect. In the different seismic intensity areas, the difference in the protection effect with the change in thickness is no longer obvious with the increase in seismic intensity. Moreover, the presence of a damping layer alters the intrinsic vibration characteristics of the tunnel lining structure, creating a space for deformation between the lining and the surrounding rock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to address the issue of evaluating the operation of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCSs). Previous studies have commonly employed the method of constructing comprehensive evaluation systems, which greatly relies on manual experience for index selection and weight allocation. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes an evaluation method based on natural language models for assessing the operation of charging stations. By utilizing the proposed SimCSEBERT model, this study analyzes the operational data, user charging data, and basic information of charging stations to predict the operational status and identify influential factors. Additionally, this study compared the evaluation accuracy and impact factor analysis accuracy of the baseline and the proposed model. The experimental results demonstrate that our model achieves a higher evaluation accuracy (operation evaluation accuracy = 0.9464; impact factor analysis accuracy = 0.9492) and effectively assesses the operation of EVCSs. Compared with traditional evaluation methods, this approach exhibits improved universality and a higher level of intelligence. It provides insights into the operation of EVCSs and user demands, allowing for the resolution of supply–demand contradictions that are caused by power supply constraints and the uneven distribution of charging demands. Furthermore, it offers guidance for more efficient and targeted strategies for the operation of charging stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional evaluation method for the effectiveness of curriculum implementation mainly focuses on the complete orientation analysis of students' curriculum content, which does not reflect the value of the educational curriculum and affects the effectiveness of evaluation. Therefore, an evaluation method of curriculum implementation effectiveness of higher vocational education based on a collaborative filtering algorithm is designed. Identify the practical focus of evaluating the implementation of the higher vocational education curriculum and discover the educational curriculum's significance. Qualitative evaluation of curriculum implementation degree based on collaborative filtering algorithm, find out the hidden characteristics of curriculum implementation evaluation to effectively evaluate higher vocational education curriculum implementation. Using case analysis, it is verified that the method is more effective and can be applied in real life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Electroplating & Finishing is the property of Electroplating & Finishing Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work is to make a proposal to improve the quality of business processes in a biodiesel plant. As a first approximation, the analysis, and studies of the conceptual models of business processes that the company had were carried out, with the aim of being able to have a panoramic view of the current situation of the organization. A framework was applied to measure the quality of business process models, which provides a set of metrics and indicators to carry out said measurement. The objective of the frameworks is providing the organizations a means to help them to maintain objective and accurate information about the maintainability, understandability, comprehensibility, coupling and cohesion of the models, facilitating the evolution of the Business Processes of the companies involved in continuous improvement. It provides support to the management ofBPs by facilitating early evaluation of certain quality properties of their models. The organizations benefit in two ways: (i) guaranteeing the understanding and dissemination of the BPs and their evolution without affecting their execution, (ii) reducing the effort necessary to change the models, this reduces the maintenance and improvement efforts. This framework is made up of two evaluation methods that face the same problem from two different approaches. One approach refers to the numerical and the other is closer to linguistic expressions similar to everyday language. Both methods provide important results to different areas of the business, giving the framework an added value when analyzing the BP conceptual models, since it allows organizations to choose the way to evaluate the models according to the characteristics that are desired to analyze the business models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In recent decades, community-based interventions have been increasingly adopted in the field of health promotion and prevention. While their evaluation is relevant for health researchers, stakeholders and practitioners, conducting these evaluations is also challenging and there are no existing standards yet. The objective of this review is to scope peer-reviewed scientific publications on evaluation approaches used for community-based health promotion interventions. A special focus lies on children and adolescents’ prevention. Methods A scoping review of the scientific literature was conducted by searching three bibliographic databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO). The search strategy encompassed search terms based on the PCC (Population, Concept, Context) scheme. Out of 6,402 identified hits, 44 articles were included in this review. Results Out of the 44 articles eligible for this scoping review, the majority reported on studies conducted in the USA (n = 28), the UK (n = 6), Canada (n = 4) and Australia (n = 2). One study each was reported from Belgium, Denmark, Germany and Scotland, respectively. The included studies described interventions that mostly focused on obesity prevention, healthy nutrition promotion or well-being of children and adolescents. Nineteen articles included more than one evaluation design (e.g., process or outcome evaluation). Therefore, in total we identified 65 study designs within the scope of this review. Outcome evaluations often included randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 34.2%) or specific forms of RCTs (cluster RCTs; 9.8%) or quasi-experimental designs (26.8%). Process evaluation was mainly used in cohort (54.2%) and cross-sectional studies (33.3%). Only few articles used established evaluation frameworks or research concepts as a basis for the evaluation. Conclusion Few studies presented comprehensive evaluation study protocols or approaches with different study designs in one paper. Therefore, holistic evaluation approaches were difficult to retrieve from the classical publication formats. However, these publications would be helpful to further guide public health evaluators, contribute to methodological discussions and to inform stakeholders in research and practice to make decisions based on evaluation results.

Abstract Information technology and resource grouping are developing rapidly thanks to governmental policies. Large-scale data mining is a hugely practical and scientific zone of “digital gold”. This is not only a modern-day problem, but it also necessitates the rapid growth of service of publics. As a result, the benefits of information can be fully realized, service efficiency improved, and the service gap closed. Cloud computing has gained popularity due to its quick accounting, limited memory requirements, and efficient resource distribution. As a result, big data was employed to analyze the existing state of cloud-based service of publics in this paper, and the fuzzy evaluation process was used to analyze the accurate monitoring. Eventually, service of public organization was improved, and the path to the accurate organization of the entire service of public process initiated by big data was developed. The design value and data entropy of cloud-based services of public were growing exponentially, according to fuzzy comprehensive assessment; the value of average of the design value of accurate organization of cloud-based government services was around 4.35, and the average importance of data entropy was around 0.98. Furthermore, the organization control and detailed efficiency of big data-driven precision organization of social public social welfare outperformed traditional precision monitoring of cloud-based service of publics; suggesting that the effects were 7% higher, and overall capacity was 9% higher than the compared techniques.

At present, the process of design and production of unmanned aerial vehicles has been making progress in Russia, which is caused by the relatively low cost, small size, absence of life hazard to a pilot, stealth, self-sustainability, mobility compared to manned aircraft. At the same time, two-stroke gasoline engines, possessing a higher power-to-volume ratio, unsophisticated design, and lower production costs in comparison with four-stroke gasoline engines, have become widely used in these aircraft. These engines lack a conventional lubrication system, so the oil is supplied to lubricate the cylinder-piston group in the form of a fuel-oil mixture, which burns during the operating procedure together with the fuel. In this case, high-temperature deposits such as carbon and lacquer are accumulated on the parts of the cylinder-piston group. The formation of carbon reduces the engine power, its service life and efficiency, causes an increase in operating costs. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of motor oils with a high level of anti-carbon properties. However, currently a method for assessing the anti-carbon oil properties for unmanned aerial vehicle engines is not available. In accordance with the described chemmotological process, the method was developed, the test equipment (Panel Coking Test Apparatus) was selected and the test modes were established (plate temperature – 290°C, oil temperature in the crankcase – 100°C, spray speed – 800 rev/min, test time – 4 h), allowing you to evaluate and rank motor oils for unmanned aircraft engines based on the anti-carbon properties in the laboratory. As tested, Motul Kart Grand Prix 2T oil has the least tendency for carbonization among tested motor oil samples. Laboratory and bench tests of Novoyl-DD and Motul Kart Grand Prix 2T oils show a high degree of convergence.

Assessing the combat capability of the air equipment system is an important means for the US military to verify new combat concepts such as kill chain. This paper summarizes the necessary factors for the U.S. military to evaluate the combat capability of the air equipment system, analyzes its commonly used combat capability evaluation methods, and extracts and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each evaluation method. A case study of the combat capability assessment method was carried out.

The evaluation method of energy consumption and E-range of heavy-duty plug-in hybrid electric vehicle is mainly composed of test cycle, test procedure and calculation method of test result. At present, there are some problems in the national standard being implemented at present. Combined with the research results in the process of national standard revision, this paper comprehensively optimizes the evaluation method and carries out experimental verification. In terms of test cycle, the reasons for the application of China automotive test cycle are analyzed. In terms of test procedure, the deadline conditions of each test phase are analyzed, which makes the test more operable. In terms of calculation methods, based on UF, the method of each phase and comprehensive energy consumption, as well as energy consumption conversion, are analyzed. The test results show that, after the optimization of the evaluation method, the electricity consumption of the phase I increases by 78.99%, the fuel consumption of the phase III increases by 19.58%, and the E-range decreases by 39.06%. At the same time, the comprehensive energy consumption of the vehicle is obtained. After considering the conversion of electricity consumption, the fuel consumption increases significantly, among which, the simple conversion method increases the lowest, while the carbon dioxide emission conversion method increases the highest with an increase of nearly 51%.

The evaluation of the steam power system is very important for the operator to understand the operating status of the system, but the lack of consideration of the fuzziness of the complex system and the impact of the indicator parameters on the whole system makes the evaluation difficult. In this paper, an indicator system for evaluating the operation status of the experimental supercharged boiler is established. After discussing several methods of parameter standardization and weight correction, a comprehensive evaluation method based on the deterioration degree and health value is proposed while considering the deviation of the indicator and the fuzziness of the system. The comprehensive evaluation method, the linear weighting method and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method are respectively used to evaluate the experimental supercharged boiler. The comparison of the three methods shows that the comprehensive evaluation method is more sensitive to minor anomalies and faults and can draw quantitative health assessment conclusions.

According to the present situation of prevention and control of coal mine rock burst in China, several key problems in the prevention and control system of coal mine rock burst are discussed, and the following main conclusions are obtained: from the perspective of disaster control, rock burst and mine earthquake and their relationship are defined, and 32 types of rock burst and 5 types of mine earthquake are put forward through the classification and combination of main force source and coal seam-surrounding rock structure, and it is clear that the goal of rock burst is to eliminate disasters, while mine earthquake needs to be treated according to the degree of disaster; Four impact risk evaluation indexes, namely, foundation stress impact index, additional stress impact index, impact tendency impact index and support strength impact index, are quantified, and a multi-parameter coupling evaluation method of impact risk including stress condition, impact tendency condition and support condition is designed. This paper probes into the monitoring and early warning mechanism of three-level impact hazards in vibration field, stress field and displacement field, puts forward an early warning mechanism combining single-parameter special warning with multi-parameter conventional warning, and designs a joint monitoring method for the excavation-affected area, mining-affected area and non-excavation-affected area. According to the requirements of reducing the impact risk of various factors in multiple evaluation indexes, the prevention and control routes of rock burst with low stress, low disturbance, low inclination and strong support are put forward, and the combination technology of local pressure relief and risk relief measures based on stress and surrounding rock structure classification is designed. In view of the dynamic disasters caused by underground rock burst and ground vibration caused by mine earthquake, the governance levels of such disasters are divided into three levels: prevention and control, symptomatic control and source control, and a multi-level prevention and control technology system of source shock absorption, classified disaster treatment, pressure relief and earthquake resistance is designed.

In the Greek educational system, students of the third grade of general and vocational high schools, who wish to enter higher education institutions with an economic orientation, must choose the scientific field "economics and computer sciences". In this field, one of the most important subjects examined is 'Principles of Economic Theory'. It was introduced in the panhellenic examinations in 2000 and is still in existence today. The textbook of the course has not undergone any changes and according to many economists it contains anachronistic information and knowledge. In this context, the Greek Ministry of Education decided to introduce a new course entitled "Principles of Economic Science" from the school year 2025-2026 and consequently to write an updated textbook. In this paper we evaluate the adequacy of the old textbook to determine, on the one hand, whether the change in the curriculum was necessary and, on the other hand, whether its replacement in secondary education was correct. Through descriptive statistics and inferential testing and using the prefecture of Rethymno, Crete, as a case study, we cross-check the attitudes of students and economics teachers towards the textbook, to draw our conclusions.

For real-used proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), it is critical to design an effective controller and evaluate its performance. Current evaluations of controllers are often empirical or qualitative, and quantitative evaluation methods are lacking. In this paper, the quantifiable objective evaluation method is proposed for assessing the controller performance, including optimal control, adaptive control, variable structure control, and model-based control, aiming at the oxygen excess ratio. In the method, the anti-starvation, transient-state, steady-state, and multiple load-changing performances are comprehensively considered through weighting, rating, and especially the introduction of negative scores through the integration of four independent indexes. The importance and effectiveness of evaluation method are verified through the specific analysis of four controllers and the internal states of PEMFC. Besides, the evaluation method can be extended appropriately, such as considering the robustness, optimal output power, and other practical problems, which is significant for the development of PEMFC system controller. • Quantifiable method assessing effect of four controllers, superior to empirical one. • Method rates and weights the performance by four newly proposed indexes. • Method balances anti-starvation, transient, steady, and multi-load-changing. • Optimal PID performs best among fuzzy, robust, and model based control unexpectedly. • Method is beneficial for controller selection in real design of fuel cell controller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The sulfur remover suitable for oil-based drilling fluid was studied to solve the problems, such as pollution of oil-based drilling fluid by hydrogen sulfide and safety risk caused by hydrogen sulfide overflow in the drilling process of sulfur-bearing gas reservoir in northeastern Sichuan. Methods The evaluation method and parameters of oil-based drilling fluid contaminated by hydrogen sulfide were established. The formulation of high efficiency sulfur removal agent and compound sulfur removal system for oil-based drilling fluid were optimized. Results The single agents with excellent sulfur removal effect were liquid sulfur removal agent YT-1, zinc carbonate basic JD-2 and alcohol ether amide CLC, with the saturation of 56.48 mg/g, 21.13 mg/g and 5.8 mg/g, respectively, the high temperature aging sulfur removal rates of 90.10%, 82.60% and 75.23%, and they showed good compatibility with oil-based drilling fluid. The compound sulfur removal system formulation of 4%YT-1+2%JD-2 was optimized. For the 75 mg/L hydrogen sulfide contaminated oil-base drilling fluid, the time to reach the outlet concentration of 0.015 mg/L was only 1.21 min, which reached 171.8 min after adding the compound sulfur removal system. The H2S concentration of the contaminated oil-based drilling fluid was 0.078 mg/L after high temperature aging, and the H2S concentration was 0 mg/L after adding the compound sulfur removal system, and the sulfur removal rate reached 100%. Conclusions The single agent of sulfur removal can improve the sulfur removal effect, providing technical support for the safe and efficient drilling in the high sulfur formation in northeastern Sichuan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

User decision-making concerning critical operations is very important to nuclear power plant (NPP) safety. The NPP interface is the main information source that guides decision-making; thus, a good interface design is essential. Among the interface design factors such as interface complexity, layout and colour, interface complexity (the amount of information in the interface) has the greatest impact on NPP operator decision-making. This paper used the event-related potential (ERP) to evaluate the impact of interface complexity on user decision-making and found interface complexity has a specific range suitable for decision-making. Based on this important finding, a fast and economical method of evaluating NPP interfaces in all design phases was proposed. This method compensates for the shortcomings of traditional methods, such as heuristic evaluation and experimental evaluation, which are inconvenient for evaluating interfaces in initial design phase; it can also be applied to interfaces with similar features in other industrial fields. Practitioner summary: Evaluation of the impact of NPP interface complexity on user decision-making through an ERP experiment revealed a specific range of interface complexity that facilitates user decision-making. Based on this finding, a new, fast and inexpensive interface evaluation method was proposed. Abbreviations: NPP: nuclear power plant, it is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor; ERP: event-related potential, it is the measured brain response that is the direct result of a specific cognitive, or motor event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]