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Presents an annotated list of selected resources intended to serve as a guide to the growing amount of material on animal rights. Suggestions to aid in additional research include subject headings used to find books, indexes used to locate periodical articles, sources for locating organizations, and a selected list of animal rights organizations. (CLB)

Describes how an integrated unit on endangered species brings research alive for second through sixth graders. Presents lessons involving pre-writing, modeling, guided practice, independent practice, revision, and publication of student papers. (KEH)

In the English-speaking Caribbean, the development of effective environmental education is affected by lack of specialist training and materials to facilitate its integration into the formal education system. Two campaigns to save endangered species in the region give hope to the efforts to make environmental education a continuous, lifelong process. (SK)

Presented is a class activity that uses the database feature of the Appleworks program to create a database from which students may study endangered species. The use of a local zoo as a base of information about the animals is suggested. Procedures and follow-up activities are included. (CW)

Presents "Beastly Thoughts," a holistic writing module designed to involve students in decision-making processes about socially relevant issues regarding animals. Provides 48 activities for investigation and lists 33 references for possible book reviews. Includes 38 references. (MVL)

The Nez Perce Tribe is working with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to reintroduce the gray wolf to central Idaho. The tribe does all the fieldwork with the wolves and shares their work with the public at the Wolf Education and Research Center, Winchester, Idaho. Despite opposition from ranchers and legislators, the wolf population is recovering quickly. (TD)

Provides background information, lesson plans, bulletin board activities, and a learning center description, all dealing with dinosaurs. Includes clip art for the learning center and reproducible "stamps" about some endangered species. (TW)

Promotes the use of humane education as a vehicle for teaching students how to make bar graphs. Provides ideas for bar graph activities for both primary- and intermediate-grade children that focus on different kinds of domestic and wild animals. Suggests expanded types of graphing activities involving survey techniques. (TW)

Wolf Awareness Inc. is a nonprofit federally funded (Canadian) foundation that produces and distributes educational kits and materials featuring the ecology of the gray wolf within the wilderness heritage of North America. Information on workshop kits, instructional materials, and other available resources is included. (SV)

Reports on the Zebra Mussel invasion of North American inland waterways. Discusses United States Army Corps of Engineers operations that may facilitate or be affected by the spread of Zebra Mussels, the threat to native clams, chemical and mechanical control methods, natural solutions, and ongoing research. (MCO)

Identifies a plant species found in California that is probably related to a now extinct continental ancestor of a species found on the Hawaiian Islands. Discussed are the implications about how plants worldwide came to be where they are. (KR)

Described is the Rapid Assessment Program (RAP) in which a team of tropical biologists are able to get to remote, uncharted sites in the tropics and conduct surveys very quickly. The team uses satellite imagery, aerial reconnaissance, and field surveys to produce an inventory of species found in these areas. (KR)

Presented is a commentary designed to engender a better understanding of the mission of modern zoos and aquariums. Discussed are speciesism and conservation, and preserving and reintroducing endangered species. (CW)

The Kids in Nature's Defense (KIND) Club and the "adopt" a teacher program are described. The importance of animals and the environment is emphasized. Information on how to start a KIND Club is provided. (KR)

Presented is an activity that includes a poster of an African elephant and discussion questions, a class project, a model project, and a follow-up activity. (CW)

The history and impact of this federal legislation are discussed. A list of creatures that have benefited from this act is provided. (CW)

Presents five songs written to well-known melodies that focus on animal facts and care. Provides descriptions of the songs and offers ideas for further modification for preschool and primary age children. Includes suggestions for creative movement gestures. (ML)

Explains how Venn diagrams can be used to teach children about animals. Provides examples of four types of diagrams and suggests how activities can be designed to address topics as endangered, domestic, and wild animals. (ML)

Describes how a student speech activity can serve as a culminating exercise in a unit on endangered species. Offers suggestions and guidelines for researching, formatting, and delivering the speech. A table is also included explaining the causes and prevention of species endangerment. (ML)

Provides directions for making a panda mask and a panda puppet. Also illustrates how to make pop-up cards of endangered species. Step-by-step procedures are indicated. (ML)

Suggestions are presented for planning activities around the concept of endangered species. A sample of the classification system and a matching game are described. (SA)

Elaborates on the problem of expanding human activity to the world's plant and animal species. Concludes that preserving an individual species is largely a waste of time and effort and that the best way to protect the most species of plants and animals is to save their environments over large tracts of land. (DB)

Presents a partial list of the 132 Oregon and Washington plants which have been proposed for federal protection under the Endangered Species Act. Suggestions for student/citizen involvement in preserving these species and a description of a videotape about rare/endangered species of the Willamette Valley (Oregon) are included. (DH)

Initiatives to protect 30% of Earth by 2030 prompt evaluation of how to efficiently target shortcomings in the global protected area (PA) network. Focusing on amphibians, the most vulnerable vertebrate class, we illustrate the conservation value of microreserves, a term we employ here to refer to reserves of

A few iconic examples have proven the value of facilitated gene flow for counteracting inbreeding depression and staving off extinction; yet, the practice is often not implemented for fear of causing outbreeding depression. Using genomic sequencing, climatic niche modeling, and demographic reconstruction, we sought to assess the risks and benefits of using translocations as a tool for recovery of endangered montane red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations in the western United States. We demonstrated elevated inbreeding and homozygosity of deleterious alleles across all populations, but especially those isolated in the Cascade and Sierra Nevada ranges. Consequently, translocations would be expected to increase population growth by masking deleterious recessive alleles. Demographic reconstructions further indicated shallow divergences of less than a few thousand years among montane populations, suggesting low risk of outbreeding depression. These genomic-guided findings set the stage for future management, the documentation of which will provide a roadmap for recovery of other data-deficient taxa.

Climate change reduces snowpack, advances snowmelt phenology, drives summer warming, alters growing season precipitation regimes, and consequently modifies vegetation phenology in mountain systems. Elevational migrants track spatial variation in seasonal plant growth by moving between ranges at different elevations during spring, so climate-driven vegetation change may disrupt historic benefits of migration. Elevational migrants can furthermore cope with short-term environmental variability by undertaking brief vertical movements to refugia when sudden adverse conditions arise. We uncover drivers of fine-scale vertical movement variation during upland migration in an endangered alpine specialist, Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis sierrae) using a 20-year study of GPS collar data collected from 311 unique individuals. We used integrated step-selection analysis to determine factors that promote vertical movements and drive selection of destinations following vertical movements. Our results reveal that relatively high temperatures consistently drive uphill movements, while precipitation likely drives downhill movements. Furthermore, bighorn select destinations at their peak annual biomass and maximal time since snowmelt. These results indicate that although Sierra Nevada bighorn sheep seek out foraging opportunities related to landscape phenology, they compensate for short-term environmental stressors by undertaking brief up- and downslope vertical movements. Migrants may therefore be impacted by future warming and increased storm frequency or intensity, with shifts in annual migration timing, and fine-scale vertical movement responses to environmental variability.