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The intensification of the Russian economy determines the need for forecasting and planning agricultural production at the level of specific agricultural organizations and producers. In the context of an annually changing market, the most important factor in the innovative development of the agricultural sector is the system of land use planning measures. It creates the most favorable organizational and territorial prerequisites for agricultural production. The most optimal method of land use planning design is the multivariant method, which involves analyzing several options and selecting the best according to technical and economic indicators. It determines the need for improving the methodology for substantiating multivariate land use planning projects based on automated technologies. The above mentioned circumstances determined the goal of research, which is improving the Kolos software package. The approach involves clarifying the used regulatory and guidance information and updating the composition and relationships of software modules. An automated assessment of normative and actual indicators allows analyzing up to 10 options for organizing a crop rotation system and arranging their territory, choosing the optimal one and guaranteeing the rational use of each hectare of land that provides solutions to production, environmental and social problems. The considered software package ensures the high quality of land use planning decisions when planning and organizing the rational use of the country’s land resources. This allows reducing the cost of design and use planning work, increasing their reliability and accessibility for agricultural organizations in all regions of the Russian Federation.

The development of health promotion is typically viewed as a reaction against both the excessive responsibility placed on individuals concerning their health-related choices and the absence of recognition of environmental factors associated with personal decision making. What though does sexuality education mean from the perspective of health promotion? According to one approach, it implies the existence of a curriculum that recognises the environmental factors affecting sexuality and sexual behaviour. It also suggests a curriculum that aims to empower students to engage with risky sexual behaviour, not just as a personal issue but also as a social matter. The emphasis is placed not merely on developing personal knowledge and skills associated with sexuality and sexual behaviour but on enabling active citizens to protect themselves and their co-citizens from sexual risks and to promote healthy sexuality. This paper discusses such a health promotion perspective in relation to the sexuality education curriculum as recently developed in Cyprus. It demonstrates how a health promotion perspective in relation to sex education can be translated into the establishment of learning objectives, appropriate pedagogic methods and the development of school materials.

The practice of delayed cord clamping (DCC) in premature infants has proven benefit to the neonate. In a community-based perinatal centre, the practice of DCC for more than 60 s for premature infants with gestational age of

Lifelong learning is a determining factor of the city's or region's successful socio-economic development, the development of its human potential, the basis for the regional education policy. The theoretical substantiation, development and experimental verification of the conceptual grounds of the regional education policy require a careful analysis of both the educational capacity of the region and the study of the educational needs of the region residents, which confirms the urgency of the integrated monitoring of citizens' educational needs and the level of their satisfaction. In order to identify the educational needs of Zaporizhzhia region residents and the level of their satisfaction, 400 respondents have been surveyed. The survey was conducted in the form of a standardised interview with the “face-to-face” method according to the respondents' residence using a specially designed tool (a questionnaire) which included 20 principal questions and 9 questions of socio-demographic character. The structure of the interview was developed in accordance with the specific features of the research topic and it was divided into conventional blocks, including identification of the current state of the education services market in the region and assessment of its strengths and weaknesses, analysis of the structure of the education services market in the region, studying the educational demands and needs of the region residents, and mapping the potential possibilities for the development of the education services market. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that 57.5% of Zaporizhzhia region residents are in need of educational services. The most important reasons indicated by the respondents is the acquisition of the knowledge necessary for achieving success in the profession (46.7%), the opportunity to get a diploma, licence or certificate (30.1%), the opportunity to increase chances in the labour market (19.2%). The inhabitants of the region mostly get information from the Internet (62.0%). The analysis of the survey results revealed the trends (the understanding how important the role of education throughout life is, the priority of educational activities regardless of age, the level and profile of previous education, the nature of employment, work experience, income or residence area of respondents, the increase in interest in getting educational services among the rural population of the region, the need to create conditions for the updating of knowledge and retraining, which is related to increasing competition in the labour market, the increase in demand for active and practically directed teaching methods) and the factors (accessibility and interconnection of different levels and forms of education, the need for constant dialogue and use of feedback mechanisms in the development and implementation of regional programmes and development strategies, the need to create experimental pilot projects as promising resource centres on management of regional education development) influencing education development in the region. The results of the study of the educational needs of the region residents can be used in order to identify the priority areas of the regional education policy.

Up to 20% of Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) patients are estimated to have features that overlap with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH). Patients with PBC-AIH overlap syndrome (PBC-AIH OS) have been reported to exhibit suboptimal responses to ursodeoxycholic acid therapy, and are more likely to progress to cirrhosis. Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) and anti-p53 have been previously suggested to be potential autoantibodies for identifying patients with PBC-AIH OS. In our well defined PBC patient cohorts, a comprehensive assessment of various classical and novel autoantibodies was evaluated for their utility in identifying PBC-AIH OS patients.PBC-AIH OS was classified according to the Paris criteria and PBC as per the European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines. Biobanked serum samples from 197 patients at the University of Calgary Liver Unit and the University of Alberta were analyzed for classical and novel autoantibodies. Anti-dsDNA was measured by the Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence (CLIFT) assay (1:20 dilution) and chemiluminescence (CIA: QUANTA Flash®, Inova Diagnostics, San Diego). Anti-p53, anti-Ro52/TRIM21, anti-YB 1, anti-GW182, anti-Ge-1, and anti-Ago 2 were measured by either an addressable laser bead immunoassay (ALBIA) or line immunoassay (LIA). Autoantibodies against MIT3, gp210, sp100, LKM1, SLA, and the novel autoantibodies Hexokinase-1 (HK-1), and Kelch like protein 12 (KLHL-12) were measured using QUANTA Lite® ELISA assays. We applied non-parametric methods to compare the biomarkers frequencies between study groups. We used multivariate adjusted models and AUROC to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the different autoantibodies alone or in combination with serum biochemistry.16 out of 197 PBC patients (8.1%) were classified as PBC-AIH OS. Compared to PBC patients, PBC-AIH OS patients were similar in age (median: 59 vs. 63, P = 0.21) and female predominance (94% vs. 89%, P = 1.00). Anti-dsDNA-by CLIFT (37.5% in PBC-AIH OS vs 9.9% in PBC alone, P

The whole planning of urban infrastructure development should refer to the Detailed Spatial Planning that has been developed by the Regional Government. One of them is the drainage system planning which also needs to pay attention to the land use change plan. This change would cause an increase of run-off coefficient as a result of the increasing number of structure-covered land. Based on the land use planning of Spatial Structure Planning 2034, there was an increase in land cover with a total area of 75 hectares. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the urban drainage system in order to avoid problems in the future. Flood discharge was calculated using the rational formula applying run-off coefficient according to spatial structure plan. The analysis of the existing drainage system was carried out to find out whether it is still capable of accommodating the discharge according to Spatial Structure Planning 2034. Based on the drainage channel capacity analysis, 30 existing channels have to be repaired. They must be adjusted by widening the channel and increase the number of channels by 3191.36 m. Another effort to reduce the flood is by making 179 absorption wells in residential areas.

In this paper we consider a monopoly producing a consumer good of high demand. Its market price depends on the volume of the produced goods described by the Cobb-Douglas production function. A production-sales activity of the firm is modeled by a nonlinear differential equation with two bounded controls: the share of the profit obtained from sales that the company reinvests into expanding own production, and the amount of short-term loans taken from a bank for the same purpose. The problem of maximizing discounted total profit on a given time interval is stated and solved. In order to find the optimal production and sales strategies for the company, the Pontryagin maximum principle is used. In order to investigate the arising two-point boundary value problem for the maximum principle, an analysis of the corresponding Hamiltonian system is applied. Based on a qualitative analysis of this system, we found that depending on the initial conditions and parameters of the model, both, singular and bang- bang controls can be optimal. Economic analysis of the optimal solutions is discussed.

Drought has been a major limiting factor for rice production. Drought yield QTLs (qDTYs; QTLs = quantitative trait loci) were pyramided into MRQ74 and MR219 to produce drought tolerant lines. In this study, new drought tolerant MRQ74 and MR219 pyramided lines (PLs) were evaluated under drought stress (RS) and non-stress (NS) conditions to evaluate the effects of different qDTYs combinations on morphological and agronomical traits. MRQ74 PLs having qDTY12.1 possessed the best root length (RL) under both RS and NS but the effect was only significant for MR219 PLs under RS. Some qDTYs combinations also found to have consistent effect on the same trait of both populations. PLs with only qDTY12.1 showed the highest grain yield (GY) under RS in both populations which means qDTY12.1 controlled RL and caused higher GY under drought condition. The interaction of major-effect qDTY12.1 with qDTY2.2 also shows significant effect on leaf rolling (LR) of both PL populations. These qDTYs proved to be beneficial in improving traits related to drought tolerance. Selected PLs with qDTY12.1 combinations also found to have better RL and root weight (RW) under RS. Improvement of morphological and agronomical traits led to higher GY of PLs. Therefore, qDTY12.1 either is present singly or in combination with other qDTYs was the best qDTY due to its consistent effect on morphological and agronomical traits and GY across populations under RS and NS.

Agricultural activities cannot be separated from the use of agrochemical, both chemical fertilizer and pesticides. As the largest water user sector, agricultural activities are a source of water pollution. This study was carried out in Brantas’ upper stream along paddy fields, Karangploso Subdistrict, Malang District. The river water samples were collected along the paddy field. The samples were collected when ahead of the harvest season. During the harvest season, pesticides were not sprayed but the concentration of pesticides in the river is quite high. Because no studies have previously measured Organochlorine Pesticide levels in the river along paddy fields, this study is an important contribution to the knowledge of organochlorine contaminants present in surface water in Karang Ploso Subdistrict. The river water has a high concentration of organochlorine pesticides of 400.000 ppt, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of 226,8 mg/L, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of 10,2 mg/L, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) of 3,8 mg/L, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 36,4 mg/L, total phosphate (PO4-) of 0,2 mg/L, nitrate (NO3-N) of 0,7 mg/L, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of 53 mg/L, and potential of Hydrogen (pH) in lab and field of 8 and 7,08, respectively.

Trying to understand the complexity of computer-mediated problem-based learning environments is not easy. Sociocultural theory provides a theoretical framework for understanding such environments because it emphasizes the socially situated nature of learning and the critical role of tools in mediating learning. To examine how different aspects of discourse relate to each other, as well as to the tools being used in the collaborative learning process, it is important to understand how collaborative knowledge building unfolds and how these processes are mediated. This requires going beyond coding individual speech acts. The use of Chronologically-Ordered Representations of Discourse and Tool-Related Activity (CORDTRA) diagrams is one way of achieving this understanding. We use this to study contrasting cases of more and less successful groups using the STELLAR learning environment. STELLAR is an integrated online PBL environment for preservice teachers, containing a learning sciences hypermedia, a library of video cases, and online personal and collaborative spaces. Our analyses suggest that an important locus of differences is how students use resources and engage in different kinds of metacognitive talk and knowledge transforming activities, sometimes to the group's detriment. Frequency analyses provided an easily interpreted snapshot of each group's activity. The CORDTRA analyses provide a more dynamic view that helps researchers and teachers better understand how collaborative learning unfolds. Such analyses have implications for understanding new learning environments as well as helping identify where interventions might be needed.

We consider a three-dimensional deterministic control model of the process of aerobic wastewater biotreatment. For this model, we formulate and solve two optimal control problems, each of which has a corresponding minimizing functional. For the first problem, the functional is a weighted sum of the pollutant concentration at the end of a fixed time interval and the cumulative biomass con- centration over the interval. For the second problem, the functional is a weighted sum of the pollutant concentration at the end of the time interval and the cumulative oxygen and biomass concentra- tions over the interval. In order to solve these problems, we apply the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. The switching functions are analytically investigated and uniquely determine the type of the op- timal controls for the considered problems. Their properties allow the simplification of the optimal control problems to that of finite- dimensional constrained minimization. Numerical solutions of the optimal control problems are also provided.

A sociocultural view of learning proposes that learning involves becoming enculturated into a community of practice. A step along the way is learning to use the specialized language of such a community, as language is a crucial tool that regulates participation, mediates cognition and plays a central role in the development of thought. Problem-based learning (PBL), with its emphasis on collaborative discourse, provides opportunities for students to develop the conceptual language of a discipline, which in turn affects cognition. In a problem based undergraduate Educational Psychology course, many psychological theories, concepts and principles are introduced to pre-service teachers. During the course, as students learn through problem solving, they engage with new knowledge. This evolving knowledge requires new discourse structures that will allow students to express their new ideas and that will ultimately structure students' ways of knowing. The content of group and individual artifacts is analyzed to examine how PBL influences students' language and knowledge development over the course of the semester in an Educational Psychology class (n = 34). The goal of this paper is to present these analyses and to discuss how the change affects students' language and knowledge.

Eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) merupakan gulma air dengan pertumbuhan cepat yang disebabkan oleh eutrofikasi di badan air. Eceng gondok yang mengandung struktur lignoselulosa ini memiliki ketersediaan yang sangat melimpah. Lignoselulosa yang terdiri dari lignin, selulosa, dan hemiselulosa ini juga terkandung dalam sekam padi. Sekam padi merupakan limbah pertanian yang pemanfaatannya masih belum maksimum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui campuran terbaik eceng gondok dan sekam padi yang dapat menghasilkan gula reduksi terbanyak. Perbandingan campuran eceng gondok dan sekam padi yang digunakan adalah 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:72, 0:100 dengan berat total 100 gram. Tahap awal penelitian ini yaitu pretreatment dengan H2SO4 1% sebanyak 1000 mL dan pemanasan suhu 100oC selama 60 menit. Tahap selanjutnya adalah hidrolisis enzimatik dengan memanfaatkan Aspergillus niger dan Trichoderma viride dengan perbandingn 2:1. Reaktor yang digunakan merupakan reaktor kaca dengan volume 2 L. Parameter yang diukur meliputi lignoselulosa dan gula reduksi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sampel yang mengandung 100:0 eceng gondok dan sekam padi mampu menghasilkan kadar gula reduksi tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 23,33 mg/g.

A model of an interaction between a manufacturer and the state where the manufacturer produces a single product and the state controls the level of pollution is created and investigated. A local economy with a stock pollution problem that must choose between productive and environmental investments (control functions) is considered. The model is described by a nonlinear system of two differential equations with two bounded controls. The best optimal strategy is found analytically with the use of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle and Green’s Theorem.

Within a given time interval we consider a nonlinear system of differential equations describing psoriasis treatment. Its phase variables define the concentrations of T-lymphocytes, keratinocytes and dendritic cells. Two scalar bounded controls are introduced into this system to reflect medication dosages aimed at suppressing interactions between T-lymphocytes and keratinocytes, and between T-lymphocytes and dendritic cells. For such a controlled system, a minimization problem of the concentration of keratinocytes at the terminal time is considered. For its analysis, the Pontryagin maximum principle is applied. As a result of this analysis, the properties of the optimal controls and their possible types are established. It is shown that each of these controls is either a bang-bang type on the entire time interval or (in addition to bang-bang type) contains a singular arc. The obtained analytical results are confirmed by numerical calculations using the software “BOCOP-2.0.5”. Their detailed analysis and the corresponding conclusions are presented.

In this work, a model of a waste water treatment plant is investigated. The model is described by a nonlinear system of two differential equations with one bounded control. An optimal control problem of minimizing concentration of the polluted water at the terminal time T is stated and solved analytically with the use of the Pontryagin Maximum Principle. Dependence of the optimal solution on the initial conditions is established. Computer simulations of a model of an industrial waste water treatment plant show the advantage of using our optimal strategy. Possible applications are discussed.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical vector-borne epidemic disease, and its transmission is a complex process. Zoonotic transmission to humans or animals occurs through the bites of female Phlebotominae sand flies. Here, reservoir is considered as a major source of endemic pathogen pool for disease outbreak, and the role of more than one reservoir animal becomes indispensable. To study the role of the reservoir animals on disease dynamics, a mathematical model was constructed consisting of susceptible and infected populations of humans and two types of reservoir (animal) and vector populations, respectively. Our aim is to prevent the disease by applying a control theoretic approach, when more than one type of reservoir animal exists in the region. We use drugs like sodium stibogluconate and meglumine antimoniate to control the disease for humans and spray insecticide to control the sand fly population. Similarly, drugs are applied for infected reservoir animals of Types A and B. We calculated the cost-effectiveness of all possible combinations of the intervention and control policies. One of our findings is that the most cost-effective case for Leishmania control is the spray of insecticides for infected sand fly vector. Alternate strategic cases were compared to address the critical shortcomings of single strategic cases, and a range of control strategies were estimated for effective control and economical benefit of the overall control strategy. Our findings provide the most innovative techniques available for application to the successful eradication of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the future.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan potensi timbulan sampah organik, potensi daur ulang dan menentukan rekomendasi untuk meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah di Kecamatan Jabon. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 2 aspek yaitu aspek teknis dan aspek masyarakat. Untuk aspek teknis melakukan sampling timbulan, komposisi dan densitas sampah rumah tangga, sentra industri tempe dan kerupuk, peternakan ayam dan bebek. Sedangkan untuk aspek masyarakat menyebarkan kuisioner yang berisikan kategori pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku yang kemudian akan diolah dengan metode likert scale dan chi kuadrat. Jumlah responden rumah tangga berjumlah 100 KK yang tersebar di 3 desa. Rata-rata timbulan sampah yang dihasilkan untuk sampah rumah tangga adalah 0,27 kg/org/hari, sentra industri tempe 28.639,16 kg/hari, sentra industri kerupuk 9.766,83 kg/hari, peternakan ayam 166,70 kg/hari dan peternakan bebek 630,15 kg/hari.

Arsen memiliki berbagai macam warna sesuai dengan bentuknya, yakni arsen trioksida (As2O3) berwarna putih, dan berwarna abu-abu namun jarang ditemukan bentuk seperti ini. Kadmium merupakan salah satu logam berat yang berwarna putih perak. Kadmium sering dipakai pada industri pelapisan logam, dan merupakan hasil akhir dalam industri pengolahan biji logam. Kadmium mempunyai efek buruk terhadap lingkungan dan manusia, karena dapat mengakibatkan kanker payudara, gangguan pernafasan, gagal ginjal serta kematian. Kasus yang terjadi di dunia, yaitu kasus pencemaran arsen di Bangladesh pencemaran kadmium yakni itai-itai disease yang terjadi di Jepang.Peraturan dan perundang-undangan telah banyak mengatur mengenai pencegahan hingga penanganan logam berat oleh industri, yakni PP no. 18 tahun 1999 juncto PP no. 85 tahun 1999 tentang Limbah B3, serta PP No. 74 tahun 2001 tentang bahan berbahaya dan beracun turut mengatur limbah yang dapat merusak lingkungan tersebut. Berbagai dampak di atas yang mendasari adanya penulisan literatur ini. Penulisan ini dibuat dengan berdasar atas berbagai jurnal-jurnal, artikel baik nasional mau pun internasional yang berkaitan dengan logam berat arsen dan kadmium. Sehingga masyarakat mampu mengenali jenis logam berat serta dampak yang akan ditimbulkan terhadap lingkungan dan dirinya sendiri. Pada akhirnya, masyarakat dapat mengelola keberadaan limbah dengan baik dan menjaga lingkungan dari dampak yang tidak diinginkan.

Background: Given the cost and complexity of home subcutaneous biologic use, a centralized specialty medication management (CSMM) service was developed utilizing clinical pharmacist practitioners (CPPs).Objective: To determine the implementation feasibility of the CSMM service.Practice Description: The CSMM service was implemented in a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) hospital. The VHA does not use dedicated specialty pharmacies.Practice Innovation: The CSMM service was developed utilizing CPPs who operated as an advance practice provider under a national VHA scope of practice. The CPP staffing the CSMM service performed patient education, screened for medication appropriateness, and monitored for safety and efficacy via videoconference or telephone. All patients newly starting a home subcutaneous biologic were offered the service from allergy, cardiology, dermatology, gastroenterology, and rheumatology clinics, as appropriate.Evaluation Methods: A retrospective chart review was completed through the first year the service was offered, which included the recruitment and retention of patients, number of follow-up appointments, and interventions made.Results: Of the 68 patients offered clinic enrollment, 54 were enrolled in the service (79.4%). Of the 44 who had completed an initial appointment with the CPP, 42 had either received an initial follow-up or were scheduled for a follow-up (95.5%). A total of 161 clinical outcomes have been performed by the CSMM CPP including administrative assistance (33.5%), initial patient education (17.4%), technique correction (7.5%), and medication changes or discontinuations (6.8%).Conclusion: Given the high rate of enrollment and retention, the implementation of the CSMM service at a VA hospital was feasible. The service contributed to safe and effective medication use for enrolled patients and continues to grow in both patient enrollment and services offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies time division duplex- (TDD-) specific interference issues in orthogonal frequency division multiple access- (OFDMA-) TDD cellular networks arising from various uplink (UL)/downlink (DL) traffic asymmetries, considering both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) conditions among base stations (BSs). The study explores aspects both of channel allocation and user scheduling. In particular, a comparison is drawn between the fixed slot allocation (FSA) technique and a dynamic channel allocation (DCA) technique for different UL/DL loads. For the latter, random time slot opposing (RTSO) is assumed due to its simplicity and its low signaling overhead. Both channel allocation techniques do not obviate the need for user scheduling algorithms, therefore, a greedy and a fair scheduling approach are applied to both the RTSO and the FSA. The systems are evaluated based on spectral efficiency, subcarrier utilization, and user outage. The results show that RTSO networks with DL-favored traffic asymmetries outperform FSA networks for all considered metrics and are robust to LOS between BSs. In addition, it is demonstrated that the greedy scheduling algorithm only offers a marginal increase in spectral efficiency as compared to the fair scheduling algorithm, while the latter exhibits up to ≈20% lower outage.