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The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H6ClN3O3, contains one full molecule in a general position and a half molcule sitting on a crystallographic mirror plane. In the crystal, molecules form stacks extending along the b-axis direction through a combination of offset π–π stacking between indazole units and C—Cl...π(ring) interactions with the six-membered rings of the same units. Elaboration of the C—Cl...π(ring) interactions along the a-axis direction forms slabs of molecules parallel to [001]. The stacks are joined by a combination of C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds.

In the title molecule, C9H7N3O3, the indazole moiety is essentially planar and the mean plane of the acetyl substituent is twisted by 5.3 (1)° from its plane. In the crystal, weak C—H...O and C—H...N hydrogen bonds form layers parallel to (102), which are associated through π-stacking interactions to form a three-dimensional network. The structure was refined as a two-component twin.

In the title compound, C9H8ClN3O2, the orientation of the ethyl substituent is partly determined by an intramolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bond. The indazole moiety is slightly folded with an angle of 0.70 (8)° between the five- and six-membered rings. In the crystal, molecules pack in layers parallel to [100] through C—H...π(ring) and N...;O...π(ring) interactions.

In the title compound, C14H14N2O2, the dihydroquinoxaline moiety deviates slightly from planarity. In the crystal, zigzag chains are formed by inversion-related C—H...O hydrogen bonds. Adjacent chains are associated through pairwise C—H...π(ring) and π-stacking interactions.

In the title compound, C10H10ClN3O3, the side chain is oriented nearly perpendicular to the mean plane of the indazole ring system. In the crystal, complementary sets of O—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds form chains of molecules stacked along the a-axis direction

In the title compound, C15H11NO, the anthracene unit is slightly bowed. Inversion-related pairs of O—H...N hydrogen bonds form dimers that are stacked along the b-axis direction by offset π–π stacking interactions between the anthracene units.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C9H6BrN3O3, consists of two independent molecules differing in the rotational orientations of the nitro and acetyl substituents. In the crystal, head-to-head π-stacking between pairs of adjacent molecules forms dimers which are associated into stacks by C—Br...π(ring) interactions. C—H...O hydrogen bonds tie the stacks together.

In the title compound, C17H17N3O, the indolone ring system is almost planar, with an angle of 0.76 (14)° between the five- and six-membered rings. The dicyanomethylidene substituent lies close to the indolene plane. In the crystal, offset π-stacking interactions between five- and six-membered rings of indolene stack the molecules along the c-axis direction.

In the title compound, C18H20N2O2, the diazepin-2-one ring adopts a tub conformation. The conformation of the acetyl group is partially determined by an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond. In the crystal, pairwise C—H...O hydrogen bonds form inversion dimers.

In the title compound, C24H38N2O2, the heterocyclic ring (r.m.s. = 0.015 Å) deviates from planarity to a greater extent than the benzene ring (r.m.s. deviation = 0.007 Å). In the crystal, the molecules pack to form polar and non-polar regions. The major intermolecular interaction appears to be complementary π-stacking between oppositely oriented tetrahydroquinoxaline units.

This work based on the mechanism action study of sodium gluconate (SG) for ordinary mild steel used for cooling water system treatment. In the first time, we evaluated the temperature effect on the scale inhibition of SG using statistic scale inhibition method. Result showed that the inhibition efficiency became more important with increasing temperature, at great concentration (10−2 and 10−3 M). This can be explained by forming of stable complex SG–Ca2+. In the second time, the present work focuses on the study of operational parameters and corrosion products effect on SG performance using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic method. The obtained results show that SG is a very good inhibitor for corrosion and scale and remains effective in the presence of corrosion products. For this study we were proposed a mechanism action for SG on metallic surface. In addition, the SG keeps its effectiveness in a more aggressive medium such as 3% NaCl. Finally, to complete the formulation, we added a not oxidizing biocide (CTAB) to SG. The results obtained show that SG remains its effective.

Children with nephropathic cystinosis (NCTN) have evidence of defective intellec-tual functions and behavioral disorders. This prospective study was performed to detect the cognitive dysfunctions in patients with this rare hereditary lysosomal storage disease, define their behavioral phenotypes, and study the findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Thirteen patients with confirmed diagnosis of cystinosis (mean age ± SD 5.9 ± 3.0, range 1.5 - 12 years) were subjected to the Stanford Binet test, Porteus Maze test, Child Behavior Checklist, and MRI brain. Thirteen age- and sex-matched children served as the control subjects (mean age ± SD 5.9 ± 2.9, range 1.7 - 12 years). The intelligence quotient (IQ) was significantly lower in patients with cystinosis (P

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H11N3O4, comprises two independent molecules, both of which display positional disorder of their ethyl chains in 0.868 (4):0.132 (4) and 0.839 (4):0.161 (4) ratios. The packing is directed by a combination of C—H...O hydrogen bonds and N—O...π interactions between nitro groups and the aromatic rings.

In the title compound, C16H12N2O3S, the indoline and thiophene rings are inclined to one another by 2.01 (2)°. The isoxazole ring adopts an envelope conformation, with the methine C atom as the flap, and its mean plane is inclined to the thiophene and indoline ring mean planes by 19.78 (14) and 20.83 (12)°, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the same acceptor atom, forming chains propagating along [010]. The chains are linked by further C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming slabs parallel to the (-303) plane. The slabs are linked by offset π–π interactions [intercentroid distance = 3.792 (1) Å], forming a three-dimensional supramolecular structure.

The asymmetric unit of the title complex, [ZnCl2(C12H12N4)], contains two independent molecules having similar conformations. The coordination about the ZnII atom is distorted tetrahedral, with the geometrical constraints of the chelating ligand responsible for the observed distortion. Each of the independent molecules forms chains in the crystal through pairs of N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds, using the pyrazole and benzimidazole N—H groups as donors. The first molecule forms chains running parallel to the b axis, while the other molecule affords the same kind of one-dimensional supramolecular structure parallel to the a axis. The structure was refined as a two-component twin with BASF = 0.0437 (4).

In the title compound, C16H11N3O, the molecular conformation is partially determined by an intramolecular C—H...π(ring) interaction. In the crystal, pairwise N—H...N hydrogen bonds form dimers, which associate into stacks through a combination of C—H...O, C—H...π(ring) and offset π–π stacking interactions.

In the title compound, C8H11N5O, the triazepine ring displays a boat conformation. Its mean plane is inclined to the triazole ring by 22.10 (9)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form chains parallel to the b-axis direction. Inversion-related chains are linked via offset π–π interactions between the triazole rings, forming ribbons propagating in the b-axis direction. The terminal CH3 group is disordered over two sets of sites, with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.48 (6):0.52 (6).

In the crystal of the title compound, C16H16N2O3, weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds involving the nitro group as acceptor form chains extending in the b-axis direction. The chains are arranged into layers by π–π stacking interactions along the c-axis direction between the substituted pyridine rings, separated by 3.624 (1) Å.

In the crystal of the title molecular salt, C16H34N5+·Cl−, (100) bilayers arise in which the tetradecylamino `tails' (which adopt extended conformations) interdigitate and the triazolium `heads' associate with the chloride anions through N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C24H36N2O2, the orientation of the 2-oxopropylidene substituent is determined by the formation of an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond. The benzodiazepine seven-membered ring adopts a slightly twisted boat conformation. The molecules pack in a bilayer fashion with the dodecyl chains intercalated to form the inner portion, and the benzodiazepine moieties on the outer surfaces.

In the title compound, C15H14N2O2, the seven-membered benzodiazepine ring adopts a twist-boat conformation and the two aromatic rings are inclined to one another by 81.06 (15)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along the [10-1] direction. The chains are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets parallel to the ac plane. Within the sheets, there are N—H...π interactions present, and C—H...π interactions link the sheets to form a three-dimensional structure.

The title compound, C22H20N2O2, forms chains in the [001] direction in the monoclinic crystal, through N—H...O hydrogen bonding. The chains are associated via O—H...π(ring) and C—H...π(ring) interactions involving one phenyl ring and the benzene ring of the benzodiazepine as acceptors. For these intermolecular contacts, the H...π separations are close to 2.7 Å.

In the title omeprazole derivative, C20H21N3O3S, the benzimidazole ring is inclined to the pyridine ring by 21.21 (8)°. In the crystal, neighbouring molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the a-axis direction. Within the chains, there are offset π–π interactions [intercentroid distance = 3.880 (2) Å] involving neighbouring benzimidazole rings. There are no other significant intermolecular interactions present.

The title compound, C30H55N5O, forms a micellar structure in the crystal with the dodecyl chains intercalating and the bicyclic cores forming dimers across centres of symmetry, via weak C—H...N hydrogen bonds, and slipped π-stacking interactions between the five-membered rings.

In the molecule of the title compound, C6H7N5S, the triazole ring is planar, while the triazepine ring displays a boat conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean plane through the triazole and triazepine rings is 18.48 (8)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked into centrosymmetric dimers by N—H...N hydrogen bonds via eight-membered {...HNCN}2 synthons. Supramolecular layers in the ab plane are sustained by C—H...N and π–π interactions [inter-centroid separation between triazole rings = 3.2880 (16) Å]. Connections along the c axis occur between S atoms [S...S = 3.5972 (16) Å].

In the title molecule, C12H11N5O, the seven-membered ring derived from triazepine adopts a boat conformation. Intermolecular C—H...N hydrogen bonds and C—H...π-ring interactions form columns of molecules parallel to the a axis, which are further associated into the three-dimensional crystal structure by additional C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C24H26N2O2, the dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 45.69 (7)°. In the crystal, the molecules form helical supramolecular chains running parallel to the b axis via weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title molecule, C18H16N2O2, the seven-membered diazepinone ring adopts a boat conformation. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond encloses an S(6) ring. The two propynyl substituents each point away from the same face of the benzodiazepinone ring system. In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen bonds form double chains of molecules along the c-axis direction.