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The article studies the influence of soil carbonates on the plants, the yield and the quality of highbush blueberries in the conditions of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. The carbonates in the soil solution lead to an increase in soil pH, which negatively affects its development. High bush blueberries have special soil requirements for normal growth and development. It is necessary to provide the plant with a breathable substrate with an optimal acidity level of up to 5.5 units. Acidic conditions are necessary due to the unique structure of the root system: highbush blueberries are completely devoid of root hairs; their function is performed by a colony of fungi, which constitutes mycorrhiza in symbiosis with the plant. Mycorrhiza functions only in acidic conditions. The research provides average data for the period of 2021-2023. Blueberry plants grown in carbonate areas are characterized by weak growth, few shoots to form, low foliage and chlorosis due to reduced food availability. The size of the berries and their taste play a huge role for producers. The measurement of this parameter showed that in the main part of the field, under the best growing conditions, the average diameter of the berries is 17 mm, which is 23.5% more than in carbonate areas, where the diameter is, on average, 13 mm. The accumulation of sugar in berries with increased soil carbonate decreases by2.3%, which significantly affects their taste. As a result of the research, a negative effect of soil carbonates on the development of blueberry plants has been noted, as well as yield reduction by 79.5%. The negative effect of increasing pH to neutral or, especially, slightly alkaline on plant development is associated with deterioration of nutrition and poor development of the root system.

SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. Pain and pain relief are among the most important problems that arise during medical procedures. Lidocaine is used not only as an anaesthetic during interventions but also as a diluent for other medicinal products. Analysis of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with lidocaine contributes to studying lidocaine toxicity and, as a result, developing measures to reduce side effects.AIM. The authors aimed to conduct a retrospective analysis of spontaneous reports of fatal ADRs associated with lidocaine.MATERIALS AND METHODS. This study analysed spontaneous ADR reports of fatal outcomes associated with lidocaine submitted to the federal ADR database in the Automated Information System of the Federal Service for Surveillance in Healthcare of the Russian Federation (Pharmacovigilance, versions 1.0 and 2.0) from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2020.RESULTS. The ADR reports included 102 fatal outcomes associated with lidocaine. Most often, lidocaine was prescribed as a local anaesthetic or as a diluent for antibacterials. Studying the administered lidocaine doses, the authors identified several overdose cases. Most life-threatening conditions were due to hypersensitivity reactions of anaphylactic shock (54 cases, 52.9%). Lidocaine administration was accompanied by loss of consciousness, respiratory failure, and cardiac arrest in 10 cases (9.8%). Convulsions were a significant clinical sign in 9 cases (8.8%).CONCLUSIONS. Awareness of the risks of systemic toxic effects of local anaesthetics, including lidocaine, necessitates the practical implementation of certain safety measures, such as allergy skin tests before administration and mandatory monitoring of doses and patients’ well-being after administration.

Over the past few years, many research papers have referred to stock market volatility in relation to investor attention and sentiment and our article adds to the current literature on financial market reactions to the economic consequences of COVID-19. An event such as an outbreak of an infectious disease causes a negative change in investor sentiment, which strongly influences their investment decisions and, consequently, stock market prices. The subject of the study is the mutual influence of stock market characteristics and market sentiment, during a COVID-19 pandemic crisis. The purpose of the study is to provide empirical support for the hypothesis of indirect impact of uncertainty and panic under the COVID-19 pandemic on the dynamics of the stock market in Russia. The World Health Organization and experts forecast that the world will face more than one crisis related to the spread of infectious diseases in the future, so understanding the mechanisms of mutual influence of sentiment and financial markets remains relevant. In this study, we take a novel approach to deriving an indicator for panic that has not been used before. We perform econometric modeling using a Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) and a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), which allows us to describe in the model not only the long-term equilibrium but also the dynamics towards it. As a result, we got consistent and efficient estimates of the long-term and short-term effects of panic and mortality rates on the volatility of the RTS stock index and found that the market reaction to COVID-19 changed as the pandemic spread: the effects of uncertainty and panic, while having a significant impact at the beginning of the crisis, faded away. The conclusions obtained in the analysis of the Russian stock market dynamics coincide with those obtained by other authors in their analysis of markets in other countries over a similar period.

The trophic chain, which manifests the correlation at nutritional level between various macro- and microorganisms, is an important factor of the ecosystem; it can show the migration of various substances within the chain “soil — water — plant — animals”. The trophic chain in Borgoy depression area was studied due to the profound correlation between the compositional characteristics of the soil and pronounced organoleptic features of meat of the sheep that feed on grass in this area. For the experiments, control and experimental samples of soil, water, plants and mutton meat were examined. The samples taken near the saline lake within the Borgoy depression on the west of Beloozersk village served as an experimental sample. The samples taken 30 km from the salt lake near Petropavlovsk village in the Republic of Buryatia served as control sample. Experiments have shown that the soil of the Borgoy depression is a saline soil, with a depth of the salt horizon of 0–30 cm, and the salt belongs to chloride-sulfate-soda type of salinity. It is noted that the saline soil is characterized by a much higher content of carbonates, chlorides and cations of sodium, potassium and magnesium. Correlation was found between the isotopic composition in soil, vegetation and the raw meat materials. More profound certain organoleptic features of Borgoy mutton were noted. It’s highly probable that this fact is associated with the peculiarities of the mineral, chemical, and amino acid compositions of meat of the livestock that lives in the pastures of the Borgoy depression, characterized by saline soils. Despite the increased content of heavy metals such as lead and copper in the soil, data on sheep muscle tissue showed that all values of toxic elements content are within the permissible concentration range. The transfer of heavy metals from the soil to the aboveground part of plants is hindered by the underground root part, which serves as barrier.

The brief report on the activities of the St. Petersburg Slavic Charitable Committee for the year 1869 includes a record that society members discussed the celebration of the 500th anniversary of Jan Hus and established a prize for an essay on the Czech religious figure. The inclusion of Hus in the list of “jubilarians” worthy of honor not only highlights the significance of this religious thinker for the Slavic world but also touches upon certain political aspects of Russian history. The article analyzes the reasons for the Russian public's attention to Hus’s persona, provides a characterization of the views of Russian intellectuals at the time of the contest announcement regarding the legacy of the Czech religious figure, and presents reflections on how the proposal to support Jan Hus’s 500th jubilee aligns with the tradition of honoring cultural figures in the Russian Empire by the mid-19th century. The material draws from both published documents and sources not yet introduced into scholarly circulation. The motives behind honoring Jan Hus's legacy are seen in the acknowledgment by the chairman of the St. Petersburg branch of the committee, Gilferding, of the Orthodox foundations of the Czech reformer’s teachings, deeming it possible to use Hus celebrations as a lever of influence on Czech society and advance the idea of political and religious unity among all Slavic branches in Orthodox faith.

Purpose: to demonstrate a case of mixed purulent wound infection of the leg with the sequential development of multiple complications — phlegmon, staphylococcal infection with scarlet-like syndrome and the skin-articular form of Henoch-Schönlein hemorrhagic vasculitis in a 12-year-old child. Results. A severe, complicated form of purulent lesions of the skin and subcutaneous tissue is described — phlegmon of the lower leg, which arose as a result of infection of previously damaged tissues by the main causative agents of mixed wound infection — S. aureus and S. pyogenes in the IV degree of contamination. On the 7th day of the disease, the manifestation of an immune complex complication was noted — the skin-articular form of Henoch-Schönlein hemorrhagic vasculitis and symptoms of staphylococcal infection with scarlet-like syndrome, which required a differential diagnosis with wound (extrabucal) scarlet fever. Conclusion. The difficulties of differential diagnosis are shown. The delayed appearance of the rash on the 7th day of illness, pronounced hyperemia of the skin with a cyanotic tint around the wound, the formation of a large affected area, the appearance of peeling of the skin earlier than with scarlet fever — already against the background of a fading rash, allowed us to think about a staphylococcal infection with scarlet fever-like syndrome.

Introduction. Today, infertility is a global problem that affects about 48.5 million married couples worldwide. It has been suggested that epigenetic aberrations are of great importance for reproductive health, as they account for an interactive relationship between genomic landscape, interplay with gene environment and disease phenotype. A new understanding on etiology of complex non-Mendelian disease traits has aroused a growing interest in reproductive epigenetics.Aim: to analyze available publications on epigenetic aspects of male and female infertility as well as nutrition-related risk factors.Materials and Methods. There was conducted a search for publications in the electronic databases PubMed, Google Scholar and Library to be selected in accordance with PRISMA recommendations. All relevant articles published before November 2023 were included in this review. As a result of the search, there were extracted 530 publications from PubMed, 57 publications – from eLibrary and 23 publications – from Google Scholar. Duplicates and non-full-text article versions were excluded.Results. Environmental factors play an important role in generation and maintenance of epigenetic marks. DNA methylation abnormalities can lower human fertility. Altered protamine level may affect epigenetic paternally transmitted DNA information. Long-term infertility is associated with a modified methylome in euploid blastocysts primarily affecting regulation of genomic imprinting. Both excess and deficiency of trace elements are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, similarly applied infertility.Conclusion. Despite that epigenetic mechanisms, genes, nutrition and dietary supplements discussed here affect infertility, while a relevant recommended dose has not yet been determined, it was noted that such parameters may positively influence fertility. However, more comprehensive and longitudinal human studies are required to examine their relationship to male and female reproductive functions.

Introduction. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of non-tumor cells and other components plays a crucial role in cancer development by promoting uncontrolled tumor growth.Aim: to detail all the components in TME and their contribution to carcinogenesis by analyzing available publications.Results. Currently, TME study is of great interest in the medical field. Its crucial role in the tumor initiation, progression, and spreading is emphasized. Several constituents have been identified in TME including cancer-associated fibroblasts, neutrophils, adipocytes, tumor vasculature, lymphocytes, extracellular matrix, dendritic cells, neutrophil extracellular traps, etc. Thromboinflammatory reactions are also considered an important TME element.Conclusion. TME constituents can serve as new targets for both diagnostics and antitumor therapy.

This study analyses the wide-band algorithm, Cloud-J v.8.0, from the point of view of the validity of the choice of wide spectral intervals to accelerate the calculations of photolysis rates in the lower and middle atmosphere, considering the features of solar radiation propagation, and to assess the influence of the processes of reflection and scattering on molecules, aerosols, and clouds. The results show that the calculations performed using Cloud-J v.8.0 are in agreement with the data obtained using the high-resolution LibRadtran model. The study also considers the factors influencing the propagation of the solar flux through the atmosphere in Cloud-J v.8.0, which occurs following theoretical concepts. It is shown that the presence of cloud layers can increase photolysis rates by up to 40% in the above-cloud layer and decrease them by up to 20% below the cloud layer. The presence of volcanic aerosol can increase the photolysis rates in the upper part of the layer and above it by up to 75% and decrease them by up to 75% in the underlying atmosphere. Rayleigh scattering can both enhance photolysis rates in the troposphere and reduce them at large zenith angles. Thus, Cloud-J offers a robust method for modelling atmospheric photodissociation processes with high computational efficiency.

The paper presents the results of developing Er-doped optical fibers for creating random single-frequency lasers in the wavelength range of 1570–1610 nm. The possibility of broadening the luminescence band of Er3+ ions in silicate glasses in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum by introducing a high concentration of P2O5, as well as by additional doping with Sb2O3, is investigated. It is found that both approaches do not improve the dynamics of luminescence decay in the L-band. In addition, Er2O3-GeO2-Al2O3-SiO2 and Er2O3-GeO2-Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2 glasses were studied as the core material for L-band optical fibers. The developed fibers exhibited high photosensitivity and a high gain of 5 and 7.2 dB/m, respectively. In these fibers, homogeneous arrays of extended weakly reflecting Bragg gratings were recorded directly during the fiber drawing process. Samples of arrays 5 m long and with a narrow reflection maximum at ~1590 nm were used as the base for laser resonators. Narrow-band random laser generation in the wavelength region of 1590 nm was recorded for the first time. At a temperature of 295 K, the laser mode was strictly continuous wave and stable in terms of output power. The maximal power exceeded 16 mW with an efficiency of 16%.

All participants in educational relations are worried about the problem how to improve the quality of education, with everyone representing it through the prism of their value system. In this connection there is a need to structure these representations. It is necessary to begin with bringing into a unified system the representations of education direct customers -- students. The aim of our article is to analyze how pedagogical university students perceive the quality of their education. On the basis of the survey involving 117 respondents from Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University (Elabuga, Republic of Tatarstan) and the Northeast Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov (Yakutsk, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)) we analyzed such criteria as quality of teaching, quality of learning, formation of universal competencies, personal qualities necessary for modern teachers and the creation of appropriate conditions by a university (digitalization of the educational environment, academic mobility) for students' self-development. The t-Student criterion was used to determine the differences between the respondents' competencies, knowledge, abilities, skills and qualities that they had possessed before entering the university and those that were formed during the university study. The obtained data indicate a high assessment of the quality of education by the students. The results also showed the educational process strong and weak points that students of the two federal universities face. Thus, focusing on one of the customers' (students') views will allow teachers to manage the educational process effectively and improve its quality.

Economic changes not only in the country, but also on the world labor market explain the growing demands on young professionals. New requirements for the model and quality of the graduate appear, and new approaches to their competitiveness and effectiveness appear. The authors analyzed the concepts of a competency-based approach, competence, developed characteristic features and the field of implementation of these definitions in higher education. It has been established that a qualitatively new mission, tasks and content of modern education in the new conditions should be focused not only on fundamental knowledge, but also on the formation of practically oriented skills and competencies.

Comprehensive changes in Russian education are aimed at meeting the requirements of the modern economy and society. At the same time, the main vector in this area is the coordination of the content and component composition of professional training with the demands of the labor market and with the urgent need to increase the availability of high-quality educational services. Public experience demonstrates that objective reality makes significant adjustments to the professional training and education. Therefore, teachers should acknowledge and reflect in their professional activities all the new requirements presented by society in a timely manner. In the context of professional education, intensive search is carried out for adequate forms and methods to improve the effectiveness of education. In this regard, the practical value of simulation methods and technologies, aimed at revealing the creative potential of a future specialist, their individual and professional properties and the ability to function successfully in the new economic conditions, is increasing. Educational technologies as mechanisms for the joint activity of the teacher and students are aimed at the development of certain skills and abilities, as well as personal and professional development. The teacher should correctly apply educational technologies and methods to provide quality training for competent professionals. The variety of these methods is proposed to encourage intrinsic motivation, a lively interest of students in learning and self-development. The competencies of a qualified specialist and the criteria that he/she must meet have become the basis for creating a generalized concept of a professional. Along with the individual properties of the student, the foundation of the concept is knowledge and skills in the areas provided by the general and special components of the Federal State Educational Standards. In the framework of professional education, the main place in the educational process should be occupied by active educational technologies and methods, focused on intensifying the cognitive activities of students, supporting creative initiative and abilities and development of intellectual needs.

A.V. Seleznev1,2, U.L. Amashova1, A.Yu. Brezhnev3, Z.M. Nagornova1, A.C. Egorova1, A.V. Kuroyedov4,5 1Ivanovo State Medical Academy, Ivanovo, Russian Federation 2Ivanovo Regional Clinical Hospital, Ivanovo, Russian Federation 3Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation 4Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation 5P.V. Mandryka Military Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation The selection of management strategy for closed globe injury with massive submacular hemorrhage (SMH) remains a pertinent issue, particularly in the context of the advent and improvement of surgical techniques. These patients typically maintain an active lifestyle and are highly demanding with regard to vision. Moreover, existing observational approaches and passive management of SMH are unacceptable for them. This paper describes two patients with closed globe injuries accompanied by SMH and significant vision loss. The active management strategy employed for these patients (pneumodislocation plus enzymatic lysis) was analyzed based on the results of optical coherence tomography, eye fundus photography, and visual acuity measurement. The intravitreal injection of drugs and a gas-air mixture resulted in a significant improvement of visual acuity due to the displacement of the subretinal blood clot to the extramacular area, reduction in the height and area of hemorrhage, and elimination of the toxic effect of blood elements on the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. This management strategy for SMH helps improve vision in a short time interval and to reduce potential negative effects of this condition. Keywords: subretinal hemorrhage, closed globe injury, choroidal rupture, intravitreal injection, tissue plasminogen activator, commotio retinae. For citation: Seleznev A.V., Amashova U.L., Brezhnev A.Yu., Nagornova Z.M., Egorova A.C., Kuroyedov A.V. Contemporary approach to the surgical management of traumatic submacular hemorrhage with choroidal rupture (case series). Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2024;24(2):94–100 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2024-24-2-9.