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Background: Accreditation means systematic evaluation of health service centers with specific standards. One of the most important goals of the accreditation process is to improve patient safety. Patient safety visits are one of the most important standards for improving safety. One of the ways to increase the effectiveness of visits is holding feedback sessions. Objectives: The present study was conducted with the aim of assessing the effect of feedback provision on improving patient safety indices based on the hospital accreditation model in Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Yazd. Methods: The present study is a semi-experimental study with a before-and-after design that was conducted in Shahid Rahnemoon Hospital, Yazd, from September to December 2021 and January to August 2022. After each visit, formal feedback sessions were held with the attendance of patient safety team members and officials of the visited wards/units. Evaluation indicators included patient safety indicators in accreditation standards, such as error reporting, rate of unwanted events, and patient safety culture score. These were measured before and after feedback. The tools used were the patient safety standards evaluation checklist based on the accreditation model, the patient safety culture questionnaire, and other indicators extracted using documentation. The Patient Safety Culture Evaluation Questionnaire was completed by 360 nurses working in the hospital in the form of a census. Analysis was done using descriptive statistical tests and paired t-tests with STATA 14.2 software. Results: Based on the results of the study, safety feedback was provided to increase patient safety indicators in different departments and units of hospitals [t = - 4.8652, w/df = 10, P = 0.0007, (P = 0.05)]. A significant difference was observed in the amount of error reporting (P = 0.031) and patient safety (P < 0.001) before and after the intervention. The degree of compliance with the dimensions of the patient safety culture had a statistically significant difference before and after the intervention (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Providing a safety feedback program had a significant positive effect on the cons umption and consequences of the patient’s safety culture. Therefore, conducting regular safety visits and setting up a direct feedback program to each department/unit after the visit, and the follow-up of corrective measures, will lead to an increase in patient safety standards.

Objective: Moral Intelligence encompasses the capacity to discern between what is morally right and wrong, possess firm moral convictions, and actively apply these principles in one's actions. It is imperative to recognize that moral values are not hereditary, but rather acquired through learning. Consequently, the aim of this investigation is to assess the Elementary School Heavenly Gifts books in light of Borba's perspective on the various facets of Moral Intelligence. Methods: The approach employed in this descriptive study is content analysis, which involves scrutinizing the information contained within five volumes of Elementary school textbooks from the academic year 2020-2021, employing a content analysis checklist tool in accordance with the Components of Moral Intelligence. Subsequently, the desired Components were identified as criteria for analysis, and the content of the book was examined utilizing William Rumi's technique. Results: The findings indicate that the level of attention devoted to the Components of Moral Intelligence in the content of the Elementary School Heavenly Gifts books is moderately effective, necessitating the need for editorial revisions to enhance the focus on Moral Intelligence and its various Components. Notably, the third Grade Heavenly Gifts book demonstrates the lowest level of involvement (ISE = 0.67), while the sixth heaven Heavenly Gifts book exhibits the highest level of involvement (ISE = 0.83). Additionally, the results of the Chi-square test (Sig: 0.001, Chi-Square: 21.636) demonstrate a significant difference between the Components of Moral Intelligence at a 0.001 level of significance. Conclusions: According to the results there is a significant difference between two interventions Therefore, the Component of Kindness holds the highest frequency at 8.50%, whereas the Component of Fairness possesses the lowest frequency at 4.78% among the Components of Moral Intelligence.

Background: There is a definite shift in assisted reproductive centres from cleavage-stage embryo transfer (ET) toblastocyst transfer that is attributed to improvements in laboratory environments and advances in the development ofembryo culture media. The aim of the study was to investigate the reproductive outcomes of thawed cleavage-stage ET versusblastocysts derived from an extended culture of these embryos.Materials and Methods: This open-label, randomised, parallel group clinical trial study enrolled 182 women aged ≤37years who underwent frozen-thawed ET from November 2015 to June 2020 at Royan Institute Research Centre, Tehran,Iran. The women were randomly assigned to either the thawed cleavage ET group (n=110) or the post-thaw extended cultureblastocysts group (n=72). The primary outcome measure was the clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcome measureswere implantation rate, live birth rate (LBR), and miscarriage rate. A P

Objective: The relationship between oxidative stress (OS), insulin resistance (IR), and polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) is an important medical issue in human reproduction. Some of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) geneshave been previously studied in granulosa and muscle cells of PCOS patients. Cumulus cells (CCs) remain close to theoocyte even after ovulation. This research has been designed to compare the expression of OXPHOS genes in CCs ofPCOS, with or without insulin resistance.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, patients were included in PCOS insulin-resistant, PCOS insulinsensitive(IS), and control (fertile women with male infertility history) groups. The expression of NCF2, TXNIP, UCP2,NDUFB6, ATP5H, COX7C, NDUFA3, SDHA, and SDHB was studied by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR),aand normalization was performed considering HPRT1 and CYC1 as reference genes. One-way ANOVA and Tukey testwere used for data analysis.Results: The results showed that the expression of NCF2, TXNIP, UCP2, and ATP5H was significantly higher in theIR group than IS and control groups (P

Introduction: Diabetes is a growing trend in developing countries. However, an active lifestyle can have important effects in this regard. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of Pilates training on the serum level of adipolin, glycosylated hemoglobin and some body composition indicators in women with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on women with type 2 diabetes (from the Najafabad Diabetes Association) with an age range of 35 to 55 years in Najafabad city. People were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The first group performed pilates exercises for 12 weeks incrementally, 3 sessions a week and each session lasted for 50 minutes, and for the control group who continued the routine program of life, before and after the exercise protocol, blood was taken and the measurement of adipoline and glycosylated hemoglobin was done by ELISA method. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 25) and correlated t-test and ANCOVA. P

A granular cell tumor (GCT) is an unusual benign mesenchymal neoplasm with Schwann cells origin. The most common site is the dorsum of the tongue. It has a striking tendency to occur in females and is more frequent in adult patients. GCT typically shows an asymptomatic, slow-growing, single nodule. Histopathologically, it reveals a proliferation of polygonal cells with granular cytoplasm penetrating the adjacent muscles. In some cases, the overlying epithelium demonstrates pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH), which can complicate its precise diagnosis and may mimic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This paper presents a 58-year-old woman with a chief complaint of painless mass on the dorsal of the tongue for two years. The lesion was pink and circumscribed with firm consistency measuring 1×1cm. The surface of the lesion was intact. Microscopic examination demonstrated unencapsulated sheets of large, polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic, granul-ar cytoplasm, and vesicular nuclei. The overlying epithelium showed florid PEH and keratin pearl formation. S100 protein was positive diffusely. The diagnosis of oral GCT was made. Though GCT is a non-aggressive lesion, it may be confused with SCC due to florid PEH and keratin pearl formation. Although PEH is a neglected topic among oral patholog-ists, it is of great importance in the field of research. Diagnosis can sometimes be problematic because they mimic other lesions. The pathogenesis of PEH is still uncertain. Therefore, familiarity with these characteristics and determining the cause of the PEH leads to correct treatment. This article intends to raise the insight of oral pathologists about PEH in oral lesions.

Abstract Background Aging is associated with changes in the musculoskeletal system, including increased susceptibility to spine malalignments. Utilizing corrective exercises with a therapeutic emphasis can be beneficial in the elderly with thoracic spine hyperkyphosis. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of six weeks of telerehabilitation-based respiratory and corrective exercises on quality of life, disability, thoracic kyphosis, craniovertebral angle, shoulder angle, cranial angle, and chest expansion in the elderly with thoracic spine hyperkyphosis. Methods In this clinical trial, a total of 40 participants aged 60 and above with thoracic hyperkyphosis were randomly divided into the control (N = 20) and experimental (N = 20) groups. The experimental group performed the corrective exercises for six weeks (3 sessions per week). The control group performed general stretching exercises during the same time period. We measured the outcomes of quality of life, disability, thoracic kyphosis, craniovertebral angle, shoulder angle, cranial angle, and lung expansion before and after the intervention. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was employed to analyze the data. A P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Quality of life (P

Introduction: Adenoid hypertrophy is a common childhood disease; its standard treatment is adenoidectomy. The desire for medical management is increasing due to fewer complications and more convenience. The present study investigated the effect of adding oral montelukast to mometasone nasal spray in treating adenoid hypertrophy. Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted at a referral teaching hospital (Tehran, Iran) from September 2020 to September 2021. Children aged 2 to 14 years with clinical and radiological findings of adenoid hypertrophy were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: mometasone nasal spray with oral montelukast (case group) or mometasone with placebo (control group). Then, the clinical scores were compared before and two months after the intervention. Results: Ninety-six patients completed the study [62.5% male (n=60)]. Of these, 51 were in the case and 45 in the control group. The clinical score in each group decreased significantly after the intervention (P

Abstract Electrofacies analysis conducted the distribution effects throughout the reservoir despite the difficulty of characterizing stratigraphic relationships. Clustering methods quantitatively define the reservoir zone from non-reservoir considering electrofacies. Asmari Formation is the most significant reservoir of the Mansouri oilfield in SW Iran, generally composed of carbonate and sandstone layers. The stratigraphical study is determined by employing 250 core samples from one exploratory well in the studied field. Five zones with the best reservoir quality in zones 3 and 5 containing sandstone/shale are determined. Moreover, multi-resolution graph-based and artificial neural network clustering involving six logs are employed. Utilizing Geolog software, an optimal model with eight clusters with better rock separation is obtained. Eventually, five electrofacies with different lithological compositions and reservoir conditions are identified and based on lithofacies describing thin sections, sandstone, and shale in zones 3 and 5 show high reservoir quality. According to the depth related to these zones, most of the facies that exist in these depths include sandstone and dolomite facies, and this is affected by the two factors of the primary sedimentary texture and the effect of the diagenesis process on them. Results can compared to the clustering zone determination in other nearby sandstone reservoirs without cores.

Introduction: An increase in appetite and lack of enough movement accelerates the process of contracting chronic diseases, including diabetes, so the present study was conducted with aim to investigate the effect of 12 weeks of Pilates exercises on ghrelin serum levels and appetite in women with type 2 diabetes.Methods: This experimental study was conducted on women with type 2 diabetes (from the Najafabad Diabetes Association) with an age range of 35 to 55 years in Najafabad city. People were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The first group performed Pilates exercises for 12 weeks incrementally, 3 sessions a week and each session lasted 50 minutes, and for the control group who continued the routine life program, before and after the implementation of the exercise protocol, blood was taken and ghrelin was measured by Eliza method. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) and Mann-Whitney test. P

In various contexts, the scope and boundaries of coverage are influenced by multiple factors at both micro and macro levels of society. Therefore, this study adopts a novel approach to examining the type of coverage for female students, focusing on the impact of two variables: spirituality as a cultural-social variable at the macro level and self-perception as a human cognitive variable at the micro level. The study employs a combination of library research and field surveys, utilizing software such as SPSS, PLS 3, and Excel.The study population consists of 1001 female students, with a sample size of 277. The findings reveal a significant relationship between spirituality and self-perception, as well as between self-perception and type of coverage, as indicated by the Spearman test. The t-test value demonstrates that spirituality directly influences individuals' self-perception, with spirituality accounting for 0.230 of the variance in self-perception based on the coefficient of determination (r2). Similarly, self-perception explains 0.125 of the variance in type of coverage.With a path coefficient of -0.496 and a t-value of 5.456, spirituality significantly impacts self-perception. Likewise, self-perception significantly influences type of coverage, with a path coefficient of -0.379 and a t-value of 3.245. Among the dimensions of spirituality, spiritual needs emerge as the most influential, while among the dimensions of self-perception, social skills are identified as the most significant.‌Spirituality, Self-Concept, Type of Clothing, Religion, Woman ‌‌IntroductionThe ongoing processes in Western and Eastern societies indicate growing concerns about physical appearance. Today, the issue of women's clothing and hijab is a prominent challenge and topic of discussion. There are various academic, political, and public debates surrounding women's clothing. Numerous cultural norms dictate women's public appearance in contemporary societies, with considerable diversity even within the United States.Although people from different cultures, regions, and civilizations follow different clothing styles, beliefs also influence these choices; therefore, the clothes we wear reflect our religious identity and the chastity associated with it. Culture is an area that requires scientific and precise research due to its extensive influence, the importance of its issues, and its real impact. One important aspect of culture is the identity and perception of self by individuals. Self-perception refers to an individual's ability to understand themselves and their needs; moreover, self-perception determines how individuals behave and make decisions. Research on the self-image and spirituality of female university students can further enhance our understanding of the mental and spiritual health of young women.Therefore, in this study, we focus on the role of spirituality in shaping self-image and how this self-image influences the type of clothing worn by women. Additionally, we contribute to the literature on self-perception. From Geertz's perspective, religion, like individuals, serves to uplift society, and collective consciousness is a prerequisite for it. Thus, the existence of religion depends on the existence of society. Geertz views religion as a blueprint of culture. Alongside common sense, art, empirical sciences, and ideology, religion constructs a cultural system.Peter Berger's theories on sociology and knowledge theory emphasize secularization in the modern world. There is a close relationship between Peter Berger's sociology of religion and his theories of knowledge. According to Berger's view, religion and knowledge are both influenced by context, text, environment, and language, as knowledge and reality are intertwined with social contexts. MethodologyThis research aims to test the following hypotheses: A) It seems that spirituality impacts the self-image of female university students in Shiraz. B) It seems that spirituality impacts the type of clothing worn by female university students in Shiraz through self-image. This study is a fundamental applied study with an emphasis on quantitative and cross-sectional methodology, aimed at advancing our understanding in the fields of spirituality, self-perception, and clothing.The study population consists of female students from the Faculty of Economics, Management, and Social Sciences at Shiraz University, and the sampling method is convenience sampling. Data collection utilized a survey method, measuring spirituality with the Parsian and Donning Spirituality Scale, self-image with the Beck questionnaire, and clothing type with the Asgarian Bigdeli questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using statistical software SPSS and PLS. FindingsThe results of the Spearman test (Table 2) indicate a significant relationship between spirituality and self-image, as well as between self-image and clothing type. The t-value test results (Table 2) demonstrate that spirituality has a direct effect on individuals' self-image. According to the coefficient of determination (r2) (Figure 2), spirituality accounts for 0.230 of the variance in the self-image variable, and based on this statistic, self-image explains 0.125 of the variance in the clothing type variable. Examination of Table 4 and Figure 3 reveals that spirituality influences self-image, as evidenced by the path coefficient value of -0.496 with a significant value of 0.005. Furthermore, statistical tests indicate that self-image impacts individuals' clothing type, with a path coefficient value of -0.379 and a significant value of 0.003. ResultThe results of this study are presented in the form of a theoretical framework and analysis based on the research's theoretical underpinning of spirituality and its various dimensions. These dimensions include self-awareness, the significance of spiritual beliefs in life, spiritual activities, and spiritual needs, all of which shape various aspects of individuals' self-concept. These aspects encompass mental abilities, job effectiveness, physical attractiveness, social skills, strengths, and weaknesses. The findings directly impact respondents' self-concept and indirectly influence individuals' self-perception through the mediation of the self-concept variable.In conclusion, it is suggested that when investigating the relationship between social and psychological variables in research, the role of mediating variables should be considered. When examining the role of religious and spiritual variables in individual characteristics, attention should be paid to economic and social changes. For studies on the variables of clothing and hijab, the role and impact of the variable of self-confidence should be taken into account.‌ReferencesAfsharKohan, J., Balali, E. & Soleimanpoor, M. (2011). The study of secularization and its factors on students (The University of Bu-Ali Sina). Journal of Applied Sociology, 22(1), 135-158. (In Persian)Arab, Z. (2022). 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Redefining #YourAverageMuslim Woman: Muslim female digital activism on social media. Journal of Arab & Muslim Media Research, 12(2), 213-233.Kalantari, A., Hemati Rad, F. & Momeni, H. (2019). A sociological study of university student dress: Objective and subjective factors. Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 7(1), 29-50. (In Persian)Karamipoor, A. K. (2009). Peter Berger and sociology of religion. Journal of Seven Heavens, 11(42), 143-162. (In Persian)Karmi Jafarlo, M. & Emami, M. (2021).The relationship between hijab and the spiritual position of Muslim women from the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith. Journal of Marfat, 30(280), 49-58. (In Persian)Kishori Cherami, M., Mohebi, J. & Ali Maddi, A. (2021). Investigating the status of women's clothing and hijab in society and the consequences of their unveiling. International Conference on Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Lifestyle. Tehran. (In Persian)Knoblauch, H. (2014). Popular Spirituality. 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The occurrence of water shortage and drought stress during plant growth, is caused yield loss as well as the grain quality of rice genotypes. Hence, this experiment was conducted to determine eefects of different irrigation methods on rice grain yield and several important grain quality traits such as amylose percentage, degree of milling and gelatinization temperature in Rice Research Institute of Iran (Mazandaran Branch, Amol) in 2017. Experiment carried out as split plots using randomized complete blocks design with main factor of irrigation methods in three levels of flooding irrigation, alternate wetting and drying method up to 10 (AWD10) and 20 (AWD20) cm below the soil surface and sub-factor with ten rice genotypes. The results showed that different irrigation treatments were statistically significant on garin lenghg before cooking, crash grain, amylose content and gelatinization temperature. Among the genotypes, Neda with average of 6901.7 kg.ha-1 had the highest grain yield, harvest index 44.2%, milling efficiency, degree of milling 72.3% and healthy garin 65.3%. The highest degree of milling (90%), grain length after cooking (13.2 mm), elongation ratio (2 mm) and Gelatinization temperature (5.6) belong to Vandana, IR74428-153-2-3, Firozan and IR70416-53-2-2 genotypes, respectively. In general, considering to the important quantities and qualities traits of genotypes in irrigation regime treatments were not different from flooding method, therefore, the studied genotypes are recommended for planting in areas with lack of irrigation water. It should be noted that Neda genotype is introduced as a superior genotype due to increase of sevral important quantities and qualities traits compared to other genotypes.

Abstract Rock types are the reservoir's most essential properties for special facies modeling in a defined range of porosity and permeability. This study used clustering techniques to identify rock types in 280 core samples from one of the wells drilled in the Asmari reservoir in the Mansouri field, SW Iran. Four hydraulic flow units (HFUs) were determined for studied data utilizing histogram analysis, normal probability analysis, and the sum of squared errors (SSE) statistical methods. Then, two flow zone index (FZI) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering methods were used to determine the rock types in the given well according to the results obtained from the HFU continuity index acts in-depth. The FCM method, with a continuity number of 3.12, compared to the FZI, with a continuity number of 2.77, shows more continuity in depth. The relationship between permeability and porosity improved considerably by utilizing HFU techniques. This improvement is achieved using the FZI method study. Generally, all samples increased from 0.55 to 0.81 in the first HFU and finally to 0.94 in the fourth HFU. Similar flow properties in an HFU characterized the samples. In comparison, the correlation coefficients obtained in the FCM method are less than those in the general case of all HFUs. This study aims to determine the flowing fluid in the porous medium of the Asmari reservoir employing the c-mean fuzzy logic. Also, by determining the facies of the rock units, especially the siliceous-clastic facies and log data in the Asmari Formation, the third and fourth flow units have the highest reservoir quality and permeability. Results can be compared to determining HFU in nearby wellbores without cores.

Abstract Proper nutrition plays a vital role in modulating oxidative status. There is an increasing popularity of plant-based dietary patterns among athletes. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the plant-based diet index (PDI) score among male footballers and their non-athlete controls, as well as its relationship with oxidative biomarkers by evaluating the urinary excretion of F2alpha-isoprostane (F2a-IP) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). A group of footballers (n = 45) and a healthy non-athlete group (n = 45) were selected. The two groups were matched based on body mass index (BMI) and age. The mean (standard deviation (SD)) age of the subjects was 22.88 (2.41) years, and their BMI was 22.08 (1.35) kg/m2. Anthropometric indices were evaluated, and fasting morning urine samples were analyzed to measure oxidative biomarkers. The PDI, unhealthy plant-based diet index (uPDI), and healthy plant-based diet index (hPDI) were calculated using valid food frequency questionnaire data. Generalized estimating equation models were used for all analyses. Compared to the non-athlete group, the PDI score was significantly greater in the footballer group (β = 9.8; P

Abstract Background One of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is the inter-arm blood pressure difference (IAD), which can be easily measured. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors related to the Iranian population’s inter-arm differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Method This cross-sectional study was conducted on the baseline data of participants who had Iranian nationality, were at least 1 year of residence in the area, aged within the age range of 35–70 years, and willed to participate from the Fasa Persian Adult Cohort Study (FACS). IAD for systolic and diastolic blood pressure was measured and categorized into two groups of difference

The study seeks to unravel the intricate operational sequence involved in preparing prehistoric pigments for rock art within the Puerto Roque rock art shelter. Sixteen pigment samples were meticulously collected from specific figurative representations. Additionally, three ochre samples were sourced from the shelter’s soil. Employing a comprehensive multi-analytical approach, including Raman microspectroscopy, X-ray microfluorescence (EDxrf), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), all nineteen samples underwent thorough analysis. Notably, darker pigments revealed a composition of hematite with the added presence of carbon. Meanwhile, one sample exhibited an orange hue primarily composed of goethite and bright red pigments predominantly characterised by hematite, as confirmed by Raman analysis. EDxrf analysis demonstrated an elemental composition akin to the three ochre pieces examined. Furthermore, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy suggested the potential influence of a heating process in enhancing red coloration, corroborated by spectral results from specific samples. This finding aligns with prior research, underscoring the technological sophistication embedded in early artistic endeavours.

Ancient Ardaxšīr Khwarrah, today known as Shahr-e Gur, situated near the modern town of Firuzabad in Fars, Iran, holds historical significance as the inaugural capital city of the Sasanian Empire. During archaeological excavations conducted in 2005 by an Iranian–German team directed by Mas‘oud Azarnoush and Dietrich Huff, a mud-brick complex was uncovered, revealing a remarkably well-preserved stretch of wall painting and a polychrome painted floor. The discovery prompted the hypothesis of a potential funerary context dating back to the Sasanian period. Both the wall painting and painted floor have suffered extensive deterioration attributed to the environmental conditions of the archaeological site, which was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2020. To address the urgent need for preservation and further understanding of the site’s artistic and structural elements, an emergency diagnostic project was initiated. Non-invasive investigations were carried out on the wall and floor by optical digital microscopy and portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Additionally, representative minute samples underwent analysis through various techniques, including micro-X-ray fluorescence, polarised light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, micro-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The palette of the floor and mural paintings were identified to contain red and yellow ochres, lead-based pigments, carbon black and bone white. The unexpected presence of Egyptian blue mixed with green earth was recognised in the green hues of the wall painting. The detection of protein material in both the wall painting and polychrome floor indicates the use of “a secco” technique, thereby shedding light on the artistic practices employed in Ardaxšīr Khwarrah.

Background: The Circle of Willis (CoW) forms a critical collateral route for the compensation pathway at the basal cistern of the brain. This study aims to determine if migraine headaches and cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are associated with the prevalence and patterns of CoW arterial variations seen in the three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography technique in patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken by a systemic search of electronic databases in the Imaging Center, Abadan’s Taleghani Hospital, Iran, from March 2020 to March 2022. Data on the prevalence of variations in patients who presented for screening for migraine and CVA were extracted and analyzed with Student t-test and the Chi-square method. Results: Findings show complete CoW has been visible in 20.19% of our patients. The anterior part of the CoW was almost intact in all patients. The posterior part of CoW was mostly bilaterally hypoplastic (31.73%) or bilateral aplastic (29.81%) and in some rare cases unilaterally varied. In migraine patients, CoW was rarely in its classic form (15%) and was varied bilaterally in 72.5% of the cases. In CVA patients, CoW was in its complete vascular structure in 23.08% and bilaterally varied in 46.15% of all cases. Conclusions: Overall, migraine and CVA are associated with anatomical variations in the posterior portions of the CoW. Further larger prospective trials are needed to determine the true prevalence of CoW variations and their pathological significance.