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Economic globalization is the development characteristic and advantage of modern economy, especially the in-depth development of knowledge economy and people-oriented era, which has become the decisive factor of the world economy in the 21st century. In this context, competition among countries increasingly revolves around the quantity, quality and development level of human resources. This transformation has brought both opportunities and challenges to human resource management (HRM) in China. Economic globalization has prompted China's human resources management concepts to be re-examined and updated, and the field of human resources management has shown a more diversified pattern. The subjects of human resources management are constantly changing, and it is necessary to adjust the human resource's structure and improve the overall quality of the workforce. While economic globalization has brought opportunities to China, it has also brought tremendous pressure to China's human resources management. Fierce international competition has posed a severe test to human resources and challenged traditional human resource management methods and structures. This article deeply explores the impact of economic globalization on human resource management in China. It analyzes how China's human resources management responds to the emergence of diverse talent market, the growing demand for cross-cultural skills, the fluidity of global talent flows, the need for technology and digital transformation, and the regulation and compliance faced in operations challenge. Globalized environment. By understanding and responding to these changes, China's human resource management can proactively respond to the changing situation and seize the opportunities brought by economic globalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do gains from globalization erode support for economic nationalism? We study how North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)‐enhanced local access to US markets affected Mexican demands for protectionist platforms. The left—led by Andrés Manuel López Obrador (AMLO)—underperformed in cities benefiting from export‐access gains during the 2006 presidential elections. This effect is observed strictly in 2006—the only post‐NAFTA election in which debates over trade integration played a salient role. Our findings are robust to controls for import‐competing pressures from NAFTA and the China shock. AMLO's 2006 protectionist platform likely cost him that year's election, and campaign media strategies in 2012 map to this earlier backlash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The political globalization trilemma asserts that a government cannot simultaneously opt for deep international integration, national sovereignty and democratic politics, but rather is constrained to choosing two of the three at most. This paper employs cross‐country panel data operationalizing the multifaceted three vertices of the trilemma. After explorative data analysis, we employ panel error‐correction techniques to uncover the mutual interdependencies among the variables in the system. The econometric evidence supports the existence of a long‐run relationship between economic integration, national sovereignty and democratic politics as postulated in the political globalization trilemma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the effects of globalization on China's media regulation, focusing on the impact of economic integration and technological advancements. It emphasizes the need to strike a balance between global interconnectedness and preserving China's unique media regulatory landscape. While there have been some changes in internet access and content restrictions, the Chinese government still maintains control over media content, systems, and organizations. The development of new technologies has posed challenges to the government's control, but it has implemented regulations and monitoring measures to maintain its authority. The article also highlights instances of individuals being arrested for their online activities, illustrating the limitations on freedom of expression in China. [Extracted from the article]

With rapid globalization and the growth of immigration, countries worldwide have become multicultural societies and are experiencing social changes. Several studies have focused on the impact of foreign residents on society, particularly from a public finance perspective. The current study examines how foreign residents affect local budget expenditure in South Korea, which is currently facing a historically low fertility rate and the aging phenomenon. The employment permit system, which is a government-ordained system that allocates quotas for foreign employees by region and year, was adopted in the instrumental variable estimation to identify a causal linkage between foreign workers and local budget expenditure. We found that government spending decreases as the proportion of foreign residents among the total population increases, and this impact is particularly noticeable in social welfare spending. The results of a battery of robustness tests support these findings. Furthermore, the findings varied depending on the heterogeneities within regions and political regimes. Additionally, we found suggestive evidence that foreign workers are one of the main factors that contribute to the results, causing local governments to spend more money on non-productive areas such as administrative expenses. Overall, the results show that a sharp inflow of foreign residents may be a risk factor in terms of the quantity and quality of local budget expenditure in South Korea, suggesting that immigration policies should be operated effectively to secure the fiscal soundness and sustainability of local finance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the important manifestations of economic globalization, such as increased international trade, inward foreign direct investment (FDI), and air passenger transport (PAX) on economic growth and environmental quality in Southeast Asian countries. The results of data analysis for the period 1990–2019 using the panel autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) have confirmed the long run impact of these factors on economic growth and environmental quality (the reduction of CO2 emissions into the environment per unit of production) in Southeast Asia. Furthermore, international trade and PAX positively affect economic growth in both groups of lower-middle-income countries and upper-middle and high-income countries. Inward FDI, however, only has a positive effect on economic growth for the group of lower-middle-income in the short run. In the long run, it has a negative impact. On the other hand, when the manifestations of economic globalization increase, they lead to an increase in CO2 emissions, but there is a decrease in this ratio per unit of production in the long run and in most countries in the short run. These findings are the basis for making economic growth and environmental quality improvements in different regions and countries of Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the annual sample from 1984 to 2019 in a panel dataset of 20 emerging economies (i.e. Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Egypt, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Kuwait, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Thailand, and Turkey) given by Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI), to explore the effects of trade and financial globalization on total factor productivity (TFP) growth. It considers domestic credit to the private sector by banks as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), labor force, and total gross fixed capital formation as a percentage of GDP as control variables in the total factor productivity function. The article considers the direct effects of trade and financial globalization. It also checks the moderating impact of domestic credit on TFP. The long-run estimation shows that domestic credit, labor force, and financial globalization reduce TFP growth, whereas investments and trade globalization enhance it. Interestingly, their moderating effect enhances TFP in the long run. The policy implications are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Economic integration and globalization are expected to promote economic growth and convergence. This article offers a comparative analysis of the pace of development in terms of GDP per capita in 79 economies from 1970 to 2019. Usually, economic convergence literature aims to establish whether catching-up processes have been successful. This article verifies the existence of growth path similarities to identify clusters of countries that grow at a similar pace and react in a similar way to crises, and compares their dynamics in time. According to the results, coherently with globalization pressures, clusters have become fewer and larger. However, growth path divergences persist and suggest a cluster-based convergence. Integration processes, such as the European Union, have not influenced this trend. The extent to which these clusters are composed of structurally similar economies has been investigated and some consistencies have emerged between the composition of clusters and the classifications provided by the varieties of capitalism theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this article is to construct a comprehensive conceptual definition of "post-capitalism." The contemporary global landscape, characterized by postmodernity, is currently undergoing a profound institutional crisis. This crisis impacts both its economic underpinnings, rooted in the dominance of financial capitalism, and its societal foundations, which revolve around a universal model of social development built upon a universalist model of consumption.Discourses surrounding post-capitalism within Russian and Western academic and expert circles exhibit unique characteristics. However, they share common traits. On one hand, these discourses reflect an acknowledgment of the impasses inherent in existing models of globalization. On the other hand, they recognize the transformation of capitalism as a universal socio-economic system that forms the bedrock of international relations. This article underscores the inescapable rise of non-economic factors influencing socio-economic systems' development, including their role in shaping international relations.Post-capitalism is best understood as a collection of principles guiding spatial organization and the establishment of economic and political relationships within these spaces, rather than a specific developmental model. Positioned as an element within the broader return to a spatiality, post-capitalism is predominantly discussed within the context of international processes, serving as a transitional phase in international political and economic relations.

IntroductionPolitical corruption is one of the crucial concerns in today’s political landscape that has captured the attention of researchers. Political corruption refers to the breach of public norms by those in political power, either to further personal interests or to protect group interests. It entails the manipulation of political institutions and internal regulations, thereby impacting government bodies and the overall political system. Consequently, political corruption is often anticipated to result in institutional deterioration. However, since the 1980s, globalization has influenced the way through which categories of modern politics, including political corruption, are addressed. In the context of globalization, the examination of political corruption transcends the confines of the nation–state and should be viewed as a global concern.Literature ReviewA review of primary studies concerning the impact of globalization on political corruption reveals a spectrum of pessimistic and optimistic opinions among scholars. Optimists argue that globalization diminishes political corruption, while pessimists contend that it, in fact, increases political corruption. However, recent research indicates that the discrepancy between these viewpoints stems from their differing understandings of the relationship between globalization and political corruption. By adhering to a linear approach, both groups attempt to find the relationship between these variables, and consequently prescribe or discourage further engagement with globalization to exploit opportunities and avoid threats. To resolve this discrepancy, new studies, adopting a non-linear approach, posit that social and political globalization serves as a significant precursor to corruption. Economic globalization is perceived as both a prelude to and a consequence of varying levels of corruption.Materials and MethodsAs a quantitative research, the present study employed regression analysis as a highly practical quantitative method. Specifically, it utilized polynomial regression, which is supported by recent studies as well as by the secondary data sourced from the V-Dem Institute and the KOF Swiss Economic Institute.Results and Discussion According to the regression analysis, the normative nature of political corruption necessitates a redefinition of public and private interests at both the societal and governmental elite levels if the aim is to enhance the social dimension of globalization. The coefficient of the political dimension indicated that increased globalization can lead to a reduction in political corruption as global pressures compel the country to undertake structural and institutional reforms, including safeguarding property rights, enhancing transparency in decision-making processes, and improving the quality of public services. However, the results showed that there is no linear relationship between economic dimension of globalization and political corruption. Instead, the economic dimension influences the impact of other dimensions on political corruption in a non-linear, curved manner. As this dimension increases, political corruption decreases up to a certain point, but beyond that threshold, corruption levels begin to rise.One of the ideals and goals that emerged during the formation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran was the fight against the political corruption that had been rampant during the Pahlavi era, which required a revolutionary change as the only means to eliminate corruption. However, following the success of the Revolution, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran inherited a political, governance, and administrative system that later fell into the depths of various forms of corruption. The present research aimed to address a fundamental question: What is the impact of Iran’s engagement with globalization on the level of political corruption in the country? The necessity of conducting such studies arises from the importance of understanding the effect of globalization on various political issues with the ultimate aim of leveraging the benefits and avoiding the threats. Considering Iran’s economic structure, the system of international sanctions against Iran, and the normative nature of political corruption, it is expected that the various dimensions of globalization may have a detrimental impact on political corruption in Iran. Conclusion In conclusion, given the concurrent influence of different dimensions of globalization on political issues, policymakers are recommended to follow a non-linear approach to leverage the opportunities and avoid the threats of globalization.

This study examines how path analysis of globalization variables can have a direct effect on economic growth. This study uses the Path Analysis method by reviewing the dynamic modeling between Economic Globalization (GEI), Social Globalization (SGI), Economic Cooperation (KEI), and Economic Growth (GDP) for the period 1970 to 2020 in Indonesia. World Bank and KOFGI ETH Zurich Switzerland publish this data. The results showed that in model (1), there was a direct and significant effect between the KEI variable and GEI of 0.792. Then, in the model (2), the F test or joint test between the GEI, KEI, and SGI variables to GDP has a direct and significant effect. Then, partially, GEI has an immediate and significant impact on GDP, and SGI has a direct and significant effect on GDP. GEI is an intermediary variable for KEI to lead to the path effect to GDP, and this is in accordance with the hypothesis that KEI has an indirect effect on GDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article purports to discuss the impact of international investment law on domestic governance and the rule of law of a nation state. Using China as a case study, this article argues that the role of international investment law in advancing domestic rule of law has long been overstated. The prevailing narrative is premised on some deeply flawed assumptions of the nature and function of international investment law as well as how international investment law may affect domestic legal change. These assumptions include, inter alia: (1) international investment norms possess the rule of law ideals; (2) improving good governance and the rule of law is part of the mandate of international investment law; (3) powerful investor-state dispute settlement is effective in guarding the rule of law; and (4) the state is readily receptive to all direct and indirect influences of economic globalization. A close examination of the limits of international investment law in this article explains why its role in promoting the rule of law in China is rather limited, contrary to what was widely expected in the Western world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research note examines the relationship between social capital, economic globalization, and COVID-19 vaccines in U.S. counties. The author argues that the positive health benefits of community-level social capital can be undermined by import competition. Leveraging data from U.S. counties this note shows that the positive correlation between community social capital and vaccine uptake is lower in communities harder hit by import competition. This is however only the case for bridging and not for bonding social capital. These findings indicate that economic globalization can undermine the positive health impact of community social capital which has implications for inequalities in public health as well as responses to major health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concomitant with the exacerbation of globalization, the firm has become a major institutional actor of economic change. However, it must be noted that the economics of the firm has been developed since the 1970s as a disciplinary subfield of economic science without paying any real attention to the concepts and practices of power. The firm is undoubtedly not only an economic but also a social and political entity. One cannot free the firm from the relations of power without missing a very substantial part of the constitutive elements of the firm, notably the struggling games and strategies of actors (firm members) who evolve in open institutional systems. Therefore, it is useful to turn to certain influent sociological and philosophical perspectives to understand power dynamics in the firm from an economic point of view. More precisely, to highlight the individual actors' games that constitute the evolution of firms' dynamics as complex and strategic systems, it is essential to pay particular attention to three aspects: (1) dependency; (2) strategy; and (3) resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to shed light on the reality of crisis management in small and medium enterprises in light of economic globalization in the Sultanate of Oman and ways to overcome it. This study also aimed to draw the attention of businessmen and investors towards the importance of studying crisis management and developing alternative plans to reduce its risks.The study concluded that the Corona pandemic was a real test for small and medium-sized enterprises to determine the extent of their preparedness in the face of crises, as shown by the continued government support for these institutions in light of crises. We also recommend that institutions need to activate the crisis follow-up department and develop appropriate alternative plans for every possible crisis in the future and develop Mechanisms and procedures to diversify the sources of supply chains in institutions because of their importance in the continuity of the institutions’ activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an attempt to examine the place of ICT and Globalization in the world economic activities but did not fail to note, list, and draw attention to the doom being perpetrated by this modern change. Apart from the discussion of some relevant and touchy topics in ICT and Globalization, the paper contains an examination of the concept of ICT, the role of ICT in the economies of the world and ending up in globalization of the entire human race. ICT and Globalization will lead to the risks that many of our valuable information will be lost, stolen, corrupted, or misused. Through the interconnected systems it has become so easy for people to penetrate into others privacy and such unpermitted access could cause harm and loss of computers and files. The gains and losses of ICT and globalization which ought to cancel each other out are in some cases insurmountable, putting nations at advantage over others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the moderating effect of social globalization on the relationship between international tourism and economic growth using a dataset of 143 economies from 1995 to 2017. Social globalization is broadly defined as the sharing of cultures and beliefs which facilitates the flow of ideas and knowledge. Our results show that social globalization affects economic growth directly and indirectly through enhancing international tourism. However, we find that the direct effect of international tourism on growth is not statistically significant for developing economies. On the other hand, tourism-dependent developing economies can benefit from growth as social globalization increases. This implies that policymakers can promote growth by developing institutions and infrastructure to enhance social globalization, such as implementing visa-free travel and the construction of international airports, to enhance the growth-gains from international tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Globalization, as the process of integration of the world economy, increases international trade, capital movements, and technology transfer. This study examines the relationship between globalization and economic growth in the 1974-2022 period in Türkiye. In this study, the ARDL Bound method was used for cointegration analysis and the DCC-EGARCH model was used to capture time-varying relationships. The results of the ARDL-Bound model show a positive and long-term correlation between globalization and economic growth in Türkiye. According to the results of the DCC model, there has been a generally positive relationship between economic growth and the globalization index since 1984. Türkiye's economy has generally been positively influenced by economic liberalization processes and globalization. However, the export-oriented growth strategy seems to have lost its effect after 2005. Moreover, the globalization benefits of foreign direct investment were only evident between 2000 and 2009, after which the positive relationship decreased. In the interest of attracting FDI and promoting sustainable economic growth, Türkiye should review its investment-friendly policies and develop strategies aimed at long-term benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid economic growth has created many environmental problems. These problems include global warming and natural resource depletion. South Asian countries are rich in NAT, and these countries are moving toward ECG. Despite the availability of rich literature, very few studies have investigated the associations of NAT, ECG, and CO2 emissions in South Asian nations. Therefore, this research probes this association in the presence of urbanization and trade. For this purpose, yearly data from 1980 to 2019 are investigated with the help of second-generation methodologies like cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL). CS-ARDL results show that ECG and economic growth are improving air quality in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. Urbanization, NAT, and trade are contaminating the environmental quality. In light of these findings, some important policy recommendations are provided to grasp sustainable development in South Asian nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies the economic and political effects of a large trade shock in agriculture—the grain invasion from the Americas—in Prussia during the first globalisation (1870–913). We show that this shock led to a decline in the employment rate and overall income. However, we do not observe declining per capita income and political polarisation, which we explain by a strong migration response. Our results suggest that the negative and persistent effects of trade shocks we see today are not a universal feature of globalisation, but depend on labour mobility. For our analysis, we digitise data from Prussian industrial and agricultural censuses on the county level and combine them with national trade data at the product level. We exploit the cross-regional variation in cultivated crops within Prussia and instrument with Italian and United States trade data to isolate exogenous variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From World War II to the present, Latin America has participated in the current process of economic globalization to varying degrees. The Washington Consensus of the late twentieth century supplanted the region's earlier model of state-led development and increased its participation in the global capitalist regime. However, Latin America has shown minimal participation in the current process of economic globalization since the late 2000s and, instead, espouses regionalization. Nevertheless, regionalization has proven to be an arduous undertaking in Latin America, especially with China's increasing regional influence. Variations of benefits are discussed, and recommendations are offered. While the future of Latin America's participation in the current process of economic globalization has yet to be determined, the region is aware of its toolbox to guide its development in the rest of the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Top of Form This report offers an overview of the proceedings of the 54th World Economic Forum (referred to hereafter as the ~Forum~) convened in Davos-Klosters, Switzerland. It delves into topics of interest to Georgian political and academic spheres. Beyond economic and political insights, extracting situational and socio-public implications from the Davos Forum holds significance in comprehending and accommodating prevailing realities. Davos Forum 2024 seamlessly continued the trajectory set in motion in 2023, encapsulating the synthesis of a post-pandemic new reality, characterized by both the aftermath of the pandemic and widespread military-terrorist activities, notably Russia's aggression in Ukraine. This, coupled with the mounting exclusivity in social-humanitarian and economic sciences and national strategies, has led to a pervasive sense of uncertainty, encapsulated in the Forum's overarching theme of "Rebuilding Trust." As articulated by the Forum's organizers, the pivotal question at hand is whether permacrisis will supersede polycrisis (as termed in the Davos 2023 Forum), or if 2024 will mark a year of tension alleviation and the restoration of sustainability. Based on the surveys and presentations carried out for and delivered at the Davos 2024 forum, it's evident that the outlook for the year ahead mirrors the challenges of 2023. Persistent inflationary pressures remain unresolved, and there's growing concern over the role of artificial intelligence in exacerbating existential and environmental crises. The forum's discussions transcended traditional economic concerns, delving into the complexities of globalization and the interconnected web of global issues. Geopolitical considerations were accorded as much importance as economic factors, reflecting a holistic approach to global challenges. Within the economic discourse, particular emphasis was placed on the digital and circular economies, highlighting their potential for transformation and sustainable development. However, a notable revelation came in the form of threat rankings, with disinformation identified as the foremost challenge in the short term. This conclusion stemmed from the intersection of AI proliferation and the unprecedented engagement of over half the global population, including participation in the 2024 parliamentary elections, notably in regions like Georgia. Perhaps most alarming was the alignment of the gravest risk with a profoundly disconcerting reality: the pervasiveness of falsehoods during electoral processes. Moreover, when contemplating on where AI can overcome human beings, the unsettling truth emerges -- its capacity to propagate deceit and disinformation on a significant, even global scale. In essence, the discourse at Davos 2024 underscored the imperative for proactive measures to navigate the intricate challenges of the modern age, where technological advancements intersect with societal vulnerabilities in unprecedented ways. Examining the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic, assessing the current postpandemic landscape, and fortifying against future analogous challenges stand as imperative tasks for Georgia. This urgency is heightened by the alarming revelation discussed at Davos 2024 -- the specter of "Disease X." The Covid-19 pandemic has illuminated a fundamental vulnerability in the prevailing human hegemony, highlighting the fragility of human dominance as a biological species. Furthermore, it has underscored the limitations inherent in prevailing economic theories, including those predominant prior to the pandemic era, exposing their unilateral perspectives and inadequacies in addressing multifaceted global challenges. The conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, as well as Israel and Hamas, have created the realm in which the role of the middle corridor is significantly increasing. Consequently, this development heightens the imperative for Georgia to prepare for ensuing adjustments in its logistical policy. The underlying motivation driving the conflict between Russia and Ukraine is rooted in aspirations for the restoration of the former Soviet Union, a sentiment that emerged immediately following its dissolution and the announcement thereof. Concurrent with the Belovezhski Agreement of December 8, 1991, which marked the formal disbandment of the USSR, was the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Following a protracted period of hybrid warfare culminating in significant setbacks for Russia, the Russian Federation embarked upon overt military aggression. This trajectory commenced notably with the 2008 conflict against Georgia, which saw the occupation of Georgian territories. Subsequently, the annexation of Crimea and Sevastopol transpired, followed by the incursion into the Donetsk and Lugansk regions in 2014. Even the most advanced states and proponents of liberalism found themselves unprepared to combat the Covid-19 pandemic within the confines of liberal ideology, resorting to lockdown measures as a means to navigate the crisis. Rather than adopting a wartime economic footing, governments transitioned to what can be termed a "prison economy." Lockdowns, infusion of capital into the economy, and other interventions emerged from a non-liberal toolkit. Departures from liberal and globalist principles fostered the perception that success lay in isolation. Furthermore, widespread disregard for post-World War II norms and international legal standards created a temptation to resort to military intervention. The surge in left-wing ideologies within Western developed nations, allowed Javier Milei, libertarian president of Argentina, to state at the Forum -- "Western world is in danger". Georgia, undergoing a rigorous process of transformation, characterized by a political and economic environment that is notably eclectic, would be prudent to heed this warning. The preamble of the Georgian Constitution articulates the collective desire of its citizens to establish a democratic social order, economic freedom, and a legal and social state. Within this framework, the notion of a social state stands as a foundational tenet championed by social-democratic parties, while the principle of economic freedom traces its roots to liberalism, emphasizing a free-market economy, the sanctity of private property, and judicious economic regulation. It is noteworthy that Georgia has veered off its natural developmental trajectory twice due to interventions by social-democrats and communists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary objective of this paper is to examine the impact of innovation and economic globalization on economic growth and the transition from the middle-income trap. The study analyses the impact of innovation and economic globalization on economic growth using the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) and the generalized method of moments (GMM). For the first time, this paper employs Cox regressions to estimate the transition speed from the middle-income trap. With the help of the extended Cox regression analysis, the study shows that mean years of education, life-insurance and non-life insurance premiums significantly increased the transition speed to high-income and thus reduced the transition duration. The important innovation variables like labour productivity, internet usage and scientific journal articles count also increased the transition speed and reduced the transition duration. The time-dependent covariates of trade openness, foreign direct investment, high-technology exports, health spending, urbanization, and life insurance premiums also increased the transition speed and thus reduced the transition duration. The research indicates that breaking free from the middle-income trap may not require a surge in patent numbers. The present paper provides some directions to achieve better economic growth and escape the middle-income trap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the centrality of promise keeping to representation, we know little about how it is affected by economic globalization, which is one of the modern world's defining characteristics. We argue that globalization reduces governing parties' ability to keep their campaign promises. We test the empirical implications of our theory with a mixed‐methods approach that combines a large‐n quantitative comparative analysis of pledge fulfillment with a typical case study to trace the underlying causal mechanisms of the theory. The findings indicate that international economic integration exerts a large negative effect on the likelihood of pledge fulfillment in a broad range of contexts and that the hypothesized mechanisms are clearly observable in the detailed case study. These findings have important implications for democratic representation in a globalized world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on the globalization-welfare state nexus has typically been conducted within a linear monotonic framework, focusing on two primary hypotheses. The efficiency hypothesis predicts that globalization shrinks the welfare state's size. In contrast, the compensation hypothesis argues that globalization increases demand for social security, leading to an expanded welfare state. Empirical evidence on this relationship is mixed, with multicollinearity suggested as one possible explanation. This study explores the non-linear, non-monotonic aspects of this nexus using a yearly panel of 10 ASEAN countries from 1970–2019, analyzed through a Bayesian mixed regression. The study focuses specifically on the effects of economic globalization. The results demonstrate a non-linear, non-monotonic relationship characterized by an inverted U-shape, where economic globalization initially expands the welfare state but, after reaching a certain point, leads to its retrenchment. This outcome supports a combination of both the compensation and efficiency hypotheses, aligning with the principles of non-linear and complex system sciences. The study offers a solid and reliable foundation for predicting long-term globalization processes and formulating comprehensive integration policies in ASEAN in the context of declining public expenditures. IMPACT STATEMENT: The study aims to explore the monotonic and non-monotonic relationships between economic globalization and the welfare state in ASEAN. Unlike similar research, this study employs a Bayesian hierarchical approach to handle multicollinearity, revealing a non-linear and non-monotonic effect of economic globalization on the welfare state, consistent with the Armey curve. The findings provide a robust foundation for formulating long-term globalization policies for ASEAN countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around the world, people are becoming more and more worried about how globalization will affect their standard of living. According to the literature, globalization has resulted in the marginalization of the impoverished populations in developing economies and has exacerbated inequality, while the opposite may also be true. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of globalization on income inequality. The study used two-stage least squares (2SLS) to study the influence of globalization on income inequality in 18 developing countries from 1991–2021. Utilizing the KOF index of globalization, it is determined that globalization, together with its three aspects, has a negative effect on income inequality among developing economies. Evidence demonstrates that the combination of trade openness and foreign direct investment (FDI) plays a significant role in reducing inequality among developing economies. We recommend developing economies actively support globalization in terms of trade and FDI in accordance with the findings. By expanding trade opportunities and opening up markets, globalization can benefit developing nations. This may result in a rise in FDI, the creation of jobs, and technological developments. Governments can contribute to raising the living standards of their inhabitants, lowering rates of poverty, and closing the income gap by promoting globalization. Although the study emphasizes the well-established link between globalization and income inequality, it focuses on the effects of various globalization dimensions, emphasizing the need to comprehend how different dimensions of globalization, namely economic, political, and social globalization affects inequality in developing economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economic Policy Researches / İktisat Politikası Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Journal of Economic Policy Researches / Iktisat Politikasi Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Management Studies is the property of Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the potential for sustainable development in Poland amidst the new era of globalization and Industry 5.0. It emphasizes the importance of considering factors like artificial intelligence and information and communication technologies in the development of new concepts like sustainable development and economy 5.0. The article also discusses the impact of the global financial crisis, the shift of economic development to developing countries, and the role of technology and international relations. It concludes by mentioning the European Union's efforts to balance economic development with environmental protection through initiatives like the European Green Deal. The text further delves into the concepts of Industry 5.0, Society 5.0, and economy 5.0, which prioritize sustainable development, human orientation, and circular economy principles. It highlights the need for strategic thinking, adaptability, and resilience in the face of rapid global changes, as well as the importance of international cooperation in addressing challenges like climate change and pandemics. The article also discusses the challenges and opportunities for Poland's sustainable development, emphasizing the need for comprehensive reforms and long-term development strategies that consider the evolving global landscape while maximizing profit and considering the needs of people and the environment. [Extracted from the article]

Human migration and mobility drives major societal phenomena including epidemics, economies, innovation, and the diffusion of ideas. Although human mobility and migration have been heavily constrained by geographic distance throughout the history, advances, and globalization are making other factors such as language and culture increasingly more important. Advances in neural embedding models, originally designed for natural language, provide an opportunity to tame this complexity and open new avenues for the study of migration. Here, we demonstrate the ability of the model word2vec to encode nuanced relationships between discrete locations from migration trajectories, producing an accurate, dense, continuous, and meaningful vector-space representation. The resulting representation provides a functional distance between locations, as well as a "digital double" that can be distributed, re-used, and itself interrogated to understand the many dimensions of migration. We show that the unique power of word2vec to encode migration patterns stems from its mathematical equivalence with the gravity model of mobility. Focusing on the case of scientific migration, we apply word2vec to a database of three million migration trajectories of scientists derived from the affiliations listed on their publication records. Using techniques that leverage its semantic structure, we demonstrate that embeddings can learn the rich structure that underpins scientific migration, such as cultural, linguistic, and prestige relationships at multiple levels of granularity. Our results provide a theoretical foundation and methodological framework for using neural embeddings to represent and understand migration both within and beyond science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a network-analytical framework for the comparative study of national production structures in global production networks. Conceptualizing such structures as the linked networks of both domestic and foreign intermediate inputs, the latter constituting the characteristic feature of contemporary economic globalization, the proposed approach extracts a structural profile that captures the up- and downstream prominence of economic sectors for a particular country and year. These 'fingerprints' of national production structures can subsequently be compared on a pairwise basis, providing novel ways to determine and compare the structural similarities, transformations, and trajectories of national economies in the transnational production regime. Two shorter case studies exemplify the approach. The first applies clustering methods to explore spatiotemporal similarities of the production structures for 40 countries over the 1995–2011 period. Based on such similarities, an analytically useful classification into 11 structural types is proposed. The second study addresses structural transformations and trajectories during EU's eastern enlargement, finding significant structural change, yet minuscule East-West convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the challenges faced by the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency (BPSK) in Indonesia and proposes strategies to strengthen its foundation. It highlights issues such as confusion about BPSK's role compared to the general court, limited operational funds, and inadequate personnel competence. The authors suggest initiatives like clarifying BPSK's position, improving procedural law and literacy, securing independent funding, and expanding BPSK's presence across the country. Strengthening BPSK is seen as essential for effective consumer protection in the era of globalization. [Extracted from the article]

Is cultural political polarization caused by a convergence of policy positions on an economic dimension that is in turn effected by globalization? Or is globalization influencing economic and cultural polarization separately, if not independently? This article argues that an influence of globalization on both economic and cultural polarization are supported by empirical evidence. I show that (a) economic globalization exerts a depolarizing influence on an economic dimension and a polarizing influence on a cultural dimension; (b) neither economic nor cultural polarization influence polarization on the other dimension; (c) voters in Germany who express more fear of globalization are more likely to vote for the far-right AfD; and (d) fear of globalization is not related to voting for parties that compete on an economic left–right scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nationality is a crucial element of the regime governing international airlines, the industry which is a key means of economic globalization. I argue that economic nationalist motives drive states to harness international economic flows to support sovereignty and national identity. Economic nationalism is conceptualized as a performative phenomenon, describing how states make sovereignty and nations real by enabling and controlling economic practices. Using a mixed-methods approach, I statistically examine an observable implication that dyads which have greater cultural difference tend to have less liberal bilateral air services agreements. I then investigate through analytic narratives how Canada and the EU dealt with the rapid growth and ambitious expansion of the Gulf state airlines, which were themselves economic nationalist projects. Canada restricted traffic rights while the EU has exerted control by enforcing concepts of fair competition and publicizing its scrutiny of foreign ownership and control over EU airlines. A key contribution of this article is to explore how trade policy is driven by symbolic politics, and to raise the possibility that material gains are pursed to support performances of national identity and sovereignty. This has further applications to other sectors with perceived implications for sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To compete effectively for global influence, US Army and defense planners should focus on economic globalization in addition to security interests when assessing potential foreign military partners. The results of a quantitative analysis of US-led exercise participants between 1990 and 2016 demonstrate the variety of interests, including economic, that underlie a partner's decision to train or not with US forces. Since the US Army bills itself as the "partner of choice," this piece will interest military and policy practitioners involved in strategically assessing potential international military partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With economic globalization, ships tend to be larger and faster, and the volume of maritime traffic is increasing. Ships sailing in waters with dense traffic flow are easy to fall into complicated multi-ship encounter situations and have a high risk of collision. Thus, it is crucial to conduct risk analysis in such situations. In this paper, a modified collision analysis method for detecting dangerous multi-ship encounters in ports and waterways is proposed. The velocity obstacle algorithm is utilized to detect encounters. The model of the elliptic ship domain was integrated into the algorithm as the criteria. The Boolean operation was also used in the multi-ship encounter. A case study is conducted to illustrate the efficacy of the improved model, and a comparison between the existing method and the formal model is also performed. The results indicate that with the integration of the ship domain, the proposed method can effectively detect the encounters of multiple ships which are dangerous to collide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. This research aims to revisit the relationship between globalization and income inequality while improving on previous research. It also considers how technological advancements and human capital can alter this relationship in countries with different income levels worldwide. Methodology. This research is based on panel data regression models with multiplicative terms where, after controlling for other important inequality factors, different types of globalization are regressed using two alternative measures of income inequality. Multiplicative terms allowed us to analyze the heterogeneity of the globalization-inequality nexus, i.e., how it changed over the distribution of the moderating factors: technological advancements and human capital. Findings. The results show that different types of globalization impact income inequality differently: trade globalization reduces income inequality in some cases, while financial globalization can increase it. Education proved to moderate the effect of globalization on reducing income inequality; technological advancement, on the other hand, stimulates the impact of globalization in terms of increasing income inequality. Originality. This paper differs from previous research by focusing on multiple aspects of globalization, using additional TOP20/BOT20 estimates to measure income inequality and to explore the differences between the income inequality/globalization relationship based on the effects of education and technological advancement on countries with different income levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of the accelerated globalization of digital commerce, Romania's integration into the international e-commerce ecosystem is a relevant case study. This paper explores the evolution, current state and future perspectives of Romania's e-commerce activities. We examine the main factors behind its success in this field, the challenges faced in the process and how technological innovations and strategic initiatives have been instrumental. We also analyze the wider implications of Romania's e-commerce growth on its economy and society. The research concludes by offering perspectives on future trends, highlighting the potential and opportunities ahead. This analysis serves as a basis for understanding how emerging economies can use e-commerce as a tool for global integration and economic advancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic premise, which led to the realization of this paper, was actually to make an in-depth analysis of the virtual space and its direct impact on increasing the economic power of companies in the modern globalization conditions of business communication. Revolutionary progress promotes connectivity on a planetary scale, which in turn creates prerequisites for using the benefits of technical-technological inventions and building a new economic infrastructure. The subject of this paper is the virtual space, its economic power and its correlation with the classical economic environment. Virtual space is being promoted day by day as virtual reality, and its expansion is increasing enormously, so the ability of companies to take advantage of this space becomes an intensifying challenge because integrating into it changes the picture of the new economy, that is, it is becoming an electronic economy. The analytical method is used throughout the research because the formulation of the conclusions derives from the analysis of the problem - the virtual space and its economic power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globalization is an undeniable phenomenon in the current era and different theories of globalization-economic growth show that there is no theoretical agreement in this regard and there are many supporters and oppositions in this field. Considering that, firstly, globalization has different aspects including economic, cultural and political. Second, the effects of globalization are different in developing and developed countries and thirdly, according to the theoretical point of view, the effect of globalization on economic growth varies over time. Therefore, in the present study, using the time-varying non-parametric panel data model and applying three different aspects of economic, cultural and political globalization KOF index, and considering the de facto and de jure effects of the mentioned index. It has been investigated the different effects of globalization over time on the GDP per capita of countries with high per capita income (28 countries) and middle per capita income (36 countries). The results of estimating the model used in this research based on the local linear dummy variable method for time-varying non-parametric panel data showed that except for the first few years in the period from 1980 to 2019, the economic globalization index has increased the per capita income of countries with high per capita income, However, the index of economic globalization in countries with middle per capita income had a positive effect on per capita income only in the years 1996 to 2008, and had a negative effect on it in the rest of the years. Also by dividing globalization into de facto and de jure aspects determined Both de facto and de jure aspects of economic globalization during the period from 1980 to 2019 on average have led to economic growth in countries with high per capita income. But de jure aspects of economic globalization almost had a positive effect on the economic growth of countries with middle per capita income especially after 1995 to 2019 And economic globalization has a negative effect on the economic growth of these types of countries from an de facto aspect in most of the investigated years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study has analysed spatial effects of economic, social and political globalisation on structural change while controlling for financial access and human capital in eight ASEAN member nations: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Data has been taken from the WDI Database, KOF Index of Globalisation, General Statistics Office ofVietnam and Statistics Department Singapore from 1993 to 2014. Panel Spatial Static SDM has been used to find out long-run spatial impacts of variants of globalisation and covariates on structural change. Empirical findings highlight the existence of long-run spatial negative effects of economic and political globalisation on own country's structural change and positive impacts of human capital on structural change. The cross-border spillover effects of neighbouring members on structural change of neighbour economy is such that economic globalisation has a negative, whereas social globalisation has a positive impact. The study recommends increasing human capital stock as it has a positive impact on driving structural change in ASEAN member nations in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is motivated by the current emphasis on the share of domestic value added in exports (SVEX) as a policy criterion for export development strategy in developing countries. We hypothesise that the policy emphasis on SVEX, which harks back to the import-substitution era, is inconsistent with the objectives of achieving economic growth with employment generation in this era of economic globalisation. We test this hypothesis by examining the relationship of SVEX with both export-induced employment and the total domestic value added (the contribution of exports to gross domestic product) by applying the standard input–output methodology to data from Indonesian manufacturing. Our findings do not support the view, widely held in policy circles, that manufacturing industries characterised by a higher SVEX have the potential to make a greater contribution to employment generation and total domestic value added. The policy inference is that policymakers should focus on the export potential of industries when designing export development policy, rather than on SVEX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regional cooperation represents a viable alternative to the ongoing process of globalization, in which countries can optimally respond to the changes in the external environment through regional integration, while a larger market size tends to provide better sales opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to identify common determinants of the impact of economic and trade cooperation on the convergence of the economies of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). We attempt to define a conceptual framework for cooperation between post-Soviet countries with an emphasis on their diversity. In this article, we are using the extrapolation methods that involve the estimation of the parameters of approximating dependences with the ordinary least squares method (OLS) and its modifications as well as the exponential smoothing method. The main reason for conducting this study as well as the major value-added of this paper is in its focus on the regional cooperation of the post-Soviet countries with the assessment of its role on accelerating economic growth, while the main limitation of this study is its focus on predicting the values for one year only which is subjected to the lack of more recent data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From ancient time the economies had periods of expansion followed by recession, each crisis was determined by various internal or external factors. With globalization, economic interconnection and the liberalization of resource exchange between states, high risk of economic crises have sprung up. The main purpose of the article is to determine a data model, using specific data analysis techniques, and based on it to study the economic cyclicality in Europe and the prediction of a possible economic crisis. The study was conducted on a number of 37 indicators selected from 11 categories, a set of 29 countries in Europe and over a period of 24 years (1995 − 2018) using the K-Means algorithm. Grouping the data for each country in three classes and describing each class by taking into account the variables with the highest discriminative power, leads to the main conclusion that in the next several years, an economic crisis in Europe has a high probability to be a reality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]