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Since the United Kingdom's vote for exit from the European Union - i.e. Brexit (June 2016), the proponents of the leave campaign have claimed that the idea of Global Britain will result in an independent trade policy, which can expand the UK's trade geography and scope through striking free trade agreements (FTAs). This study aimed at examining this claim, first by looking at the official statistics on the signed FTAs, and then, by conducting semi-structured interviews with British stakeholders from different social groups in order to see Global Britain's future potentials. The findings from this qualitative-quantitative approach revealed that the possible gains from the post-Brexit FTAs will only manifest in the long run and in some sectors. Furthermore, the prospects of an independent trade policy will be constrained by the UK's need to align with the EU standards and the unclear future of the FTAs with major economies like the US. Thus, as the theoretical framework of economic geography suggests, British trade relations will still depend on geographical proximity, and will not be shifted drastically by the idea of Global Britain; an idea which seems to serve as a strategy to positively portray Brexit for the domestic and international businesses and people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines whether political risks in neighboring countries affect foreign direct investment (FDI) by Chinese firms in host countries. Grounded in the perspective of new economic geography, it employs panel data comprising China's FDI across 37 countries along the Belt and Road, spanning from 2003 to 2021. It expands conventional research, which typically focuses on the two-country model, to include a broader examination involving third countries. Utilizing the spatial Durbin model, this study reveals that China's FDI in countries along the Belt and Road is affected by the host country's political risk environment and the spatial spillover effect of political risks from neighboring countries. Green governance practices in neighboring countries regulate this relationship. The results demonstrate that China's FDI in countries along the Belt and Road reveals a risk-averse tendency, with a preference for investing in countries characterized by relatively low overall political risk. After taking spatial factors into consideration, the spatial spillover effect of political risks is significant, as political risk levels in neighboring countries stimulate FDI from Chinese enterprises in the host country. As an effective way to mitigate ecological and environmental risks, green governance also shows significant spillover effects. By strengthening green governance, that can weaken the stimulating effect of political risks from neighboring countries on FDI inflow to host countries. Consequently, investors perceive fewer political risks in neighboring countries and are inclined to invest in those with higher levels of green governance. These research findings provide insights into Chinese investors to assess and mitigate political risks in countries along the "Belt and Road." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on geographies of knowledge sourcing examines the organizational structure of innovation activities within the firm, the mechanisms by which knowledge is extracted from various external sources and the geography of these different activities. We augment this literature by exploring knowledge sourcing within multi-plant firms operating in Europe. Analysis makes use of linked patent-firm data recording the location of knowledge production and its ownership. The results add value to existing research in three ways. First, the establishments of multi-plant firms are shown to produce different kinds of knowledge in different locations. Second, the patents generated within a firm's establishments are linked to the knowledge stocks of the regions where they operate, supporting a vision of geographical knowledge sourcing. Third, the complexity of knowledge produced within firms is positively related to the number of plants in which they innovate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his thought‐provoking commentary on the future of economic geography, Henry Yeung considers recent global economic transformations and their implications for 'troubling' the discipline of economic geography. He identifies four particular areas for further attention: (1) (geo)political dynamics; (2) new risks and uncertainties; (3) new geographies of labour; and (4) global environmental change. In this brief response, I focus on the first and fourth, which I see as closely connected. Specifically, I use Yeung's call as a launching point from which to elaborate on three potentially fruitful avenues for recentring geopolitics in economic geography, by: (1) focusing on not only new but also previous and ongoing geopolitical economic dynamics; (2) incorporating not only national and supra‐national, but also transnational economic governance; and (3) foregrounding the intersection of geopolitics and environmental change. I conclude by considering why and how an economic geographic approach remains important to pursuing all three research directions, even as the current conjuncture demands that economic geography open itself further to new methods, topics and inter‐ and intra‐disciplinary research collaborations. In his recent commentary in this journal, Henry Yeung considers recent global economic transformations and their implications for 'troubling' the discipline of economic geography. In this brief response, I use Yeung's call for more attention to (geo)political dynamics and environmental change as a launching point from which to elaborate on three potentially fruitful avenues for recentring geopolitics in economic geography, by: (1) focusing on not only new but also previous and ongoing geopolitical economic dynamics; (2) incorporating not only national and supra‐national, but also transnational economic governance; and (3) foregrounding the intersection of geopolitics and environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Mere anarchy is loosed upon the world": And what's economic geography going to do about it? It is against this looming future that Henry Yeung ([13]) has written "Troubling economic geography" about the discipline's looming future. The paper is a critical commentary of Henry Yeung's paper, 'Troubling economic geography: new directions in the post-pandemic world'. In Kuhn's example, one now saw only bunnies, whereas before it was only ducks.[4] Or, in the case of economic geography, as John Hudson said, he saw now only "points and lines", whereas before he saw regions and Hartshornian element complexes.[5] The second is economic geography after the 1970s crisis of deindustrialisation and Fordism. [Extracted from the article]

This intervention focuses on recent disruptions and transformations in the (post)pandemic world economy that will likely 'trouble' economic geographers for some time to come. It aims to foster constructive dialogues and move conversations forward in the expanding field of economic geography whose presence and relevance in critical human geography is ironically at stake. I contend that economic geography in the early 2020s is characterised by a changing world and a changing generation of more diverse researchers who can be innovative enough to take on these troubling themes for future research. I suggest four such research directions that combine new themes of geopolitics and risks in remaking the global economy with older issues of work and environment that certainly merit renewed interest and greater analytical attention in the field. Taken together, these new horizons for economic geography research throughout the 2020s and beyond can be well capitalised upon to enhance the intellectual and public relevance of the field. This intervention focuses on recent disruptions and transformations in the (post)pandemic world economy and suggests four troubling themes for future research in economic geography: (geo)politics, economies, and space; remaking the global economy; worlds of work; and (un)sustainable global economic/environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite increasing calls on the state to manage major challenges, in the existing literature, the state – and public sector activities more generally – tends to be overlooked as an agent of regional change. The role of public sector jobs is often taken for granted, with diverse empirical findings being strongly influenced by geography and time period, if they are considered at all. We discuss two main threads of research on contemporary public sector employment that could enhance our understanding of the role of the public sector in regional development (i.e. human capital formation and diversification). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entrepreneurial ecosystem concept is now one of the most popular policy tools for regional development following a surge of interest in entrepreneurship-oriented academic circles, yet has experienced little critical engagement within economic geography discourse. We argue that economic geographers should engage with the entrepreneurial ecosystem concept because (1) it describes a shift in spatial socio-economic organisation that has thus far been underexplored by economic geographers and (2) it is an inherently chaotic concept that requires significant conceptual development, not least in relation to the cluster concept. The entrepreneurial ecosystem concept is considered a close relative and potential successor of the cluster concept, which itself rapidly achieved policy stardom despite academic concerns over its conceptual clarity. We argue that there are significant similarities and intersections between the two concepts with implications for broader regional development literatures, enabling economic geographers to enrich academic debates and consequent policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Margaret River region (Western Australia) is a popular international tourism destination. Since its emergence in the late 19th century, tourism in the Margaret River region (MRR) has interacted with a number of regional industries including timber, dairy, and wine. These interactions have changed from 'supportive' to 'competing' reflecting various changes in the market and the availability of common local assets such as forest, land, and public funding. While timber and dairy had an important influence on the evolution of tourism in the region, it was the emergence of wine that shifted tourism the most. Using selected concepts of evolutionary economic geography (EEG), mainly path-dependence, path-reformation, interpath relations, and triggering events, this paper demonstrates how tourism has interacted with different other industries and how these interactions have shaped the MRR as a wine-tourist destination. The paper shows how two related triggering events contributed to the emergence of wine-tourism as a new path in the region – a process referred to as 'path-blending'. In this respect, the paper provides empirical evidence that triggering events can result in multiple new paths and can also significantly shape the relations between new and existing regional paths. As such, the paper responds to the call for breaking away with the 'single-path view' in research on industrial evolution, and for more attention to the various relations between tourism and other sectors within a tourist destination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of tourism destination evolution has been enriched in recent years by the adoption of concepts from Evolutionary Economic Geography (EEG). The aim of this article and those constituting this special section is to further develop this field of research by discussing recent developments within EEG and Tourism Studies, paying special attention to the nature and impact of trigger events and transformative moments that represent a turning point in the evolution of destination development paths. We consider the role of reproductive and transformative agency, and different types of destination path plasticity. Three key issues and areas for future research are identified: the role of human agency, the co-evolution of tourism with other development paths, and the importance of utilising political economy perspectives, including legitimation and discursive practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discourse in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic explored its likely effects on the tourism sector including the nature of recovery. Viewed through the lens of Evolutionary Economic Geography, this paper examines the preferences of four stakeholder groups for future tourism development in Northern Devon. Specifically, it reports on their views from 2021 and 2022 of three potential scenarios which were elaborated before the pandemic, and it explores whether COVID-19 was a trigger event for a change in trajectory. There was consistent support for the most sustainable trajectory, which represented the continuation of the existing arc of development, not a fundamental change in direction triggered by COVID-19. Not only does this finding contribute a retrospective critique of early opinions on possible COVID-induced change, it suggests an alternative view of the role of trigger events in destination evolution. The pandemic offered space for reflection on tourism development, as a form of 'mindful continuation' of transformation, not a 'mindful deviation' identified in some previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study addresses the gap opened up by the increasing attention in evolutionary economic geography (EEG) studies on the role of the state in economic path creation. The study links the path creation notion of trigger events with political economy perspectives to investigate the role of the state in destination emergence. We offer insights into understanding how the state utilises trigger events for new path development through the case study of Unity Park in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A qualitative research approach is adopted that involves key informant interviews, analysis of policy documents and observations. The findings reveal that the idea formation for this destination developed along incremental changes in public policies until a state official seized a political transition event as an opportunity to cause a decisive shift in its trajectory. This incident triggered more real-time opportunities for the state to influence the development of this tourism destination through the application of power and agentic processes. Thus conceptually, we found that while public policies shape destination development visions, it often takes trigger events and strong state involvement to broker new destination pathways. The study contributes to broadening the current understanding of the state's role in path creation and the significance of trigger events as well as offering empirical evidence on the political-economic mechanisms involved in destination development processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The New Economic Geography (NEG)'s agglomerative forces strongly determined the location of firms, in spite of policy intervention blatantly activist intended to reverberate the geography of production (during the communist regime). Recent models of geography and trade recognize a bijective interaction between NEG forces and comparative advantages, they fully explain productive specialization. Our interpretation of the Czech manufacturing is in accordance with the NEG and its recent integration with the comparative advantages stream. In the panel data float up some invariant characteristics enhancing the attractiveness of traditional industrialized territories. The estimates embody the population density and gravitational and agglomeration forces. The time-invariant characteristics are present in the most industrial regions, influencing the localization of manufacturing activity in these spots. In spite of the forceful influence of path dependence, the very manufacturing cores underwent a process of restructuration, adapting the old-fashioned specialization pattern toward a more coherent production tailored to local assets, endowments and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taking the golden 20 years of the Chinese leather industry as an example, this paper adopts a spatial panel model to accurately portray the characteristics of spatial evolution and the trend of development of agglomeration of the leather industry. This paper further systematically identifies the key driving factors of leather industry agglomeration, taking into account the time effect, spatial effect, and spatio-temporal effect at the same time. The results show that China's leather industry shows a shift from coastal areas to diffusion to inland areas. In terms of influencing factors, resource endowment and economic externality are the key force leading the agglomeration of leather industry. In addition, according to the results of group regression, it is found that innovation capacity and environmental regulation have become the main driving forces affecting the development of leather industry. Therefore, the government should carry out global planning according to the spatial pattern and transfer path of leather industry agglomeration. Based on the deep-level driving mechanism of industrial pattern evolution, specific industrial measures should be formulate to realize the development and promotion of leather industry in the new era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Entrepreneurship is a localised process that relies on local institutions, resources, and networks. Interactions between agents in the space may have their origins in the domestic milieu, but they may also draw their roots from international economic linkages. Yet, there is a surprising lack of research that combines economic geography, international trade, and entrepreneurship literature to address these issues at the local level. Our study fills this gap by examining the effects of manufacturing export diversification (extensive margin) and specialisation (intensive margin) on firm entry, survival, and growth within and across cities and towns. Spatial econometric techniques are applied to firm population data from a small and open economy over the period 2007–2017. Extensive margin is identified as the main channel of influence on local entrepreneurial outcomes in manufacturing, but the impact on firm survival and growth in other localities is negative. Manufacturing export margins also impact entrepreneurial outcomes in other sectors of the local economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, economies have become complex and new technologies have transformed and facilitated the modernization of economies. In the previous literature, economic complexity approach has become one of the popular tools in the development and innovation studies of economic geography. Researchers have found that green technology and eco-innovation approaches should be used to decisively reduce the effects of carbon emission on the environment. However, debates about the impact of economic complexity on environment remain unsettled since some emerging production technologies have far-reaching pollution effects. This study explored the impacts of economic complexity on environmental sustainability in Turkey using the novel Fourier-based approaches, namely: Fourier Augmented Dickey-Fuller (FADF) and Fourier autoregressive-distributed lag (FARDL) models. The Fourier-based approaches indicated that all variables (economic complexity index (ECI), GDP, energy consumption, and CO2 emission (CO2E)) are cointegrated in the long run. Additionally, the FARDL model implied that (i) in the long run, the effect of ECI (as a proxy for economic complexity), GDP (as a proxy for economic growth), and energy consumption on CO2E (as a proxy for environmental quality) is important; (ii) economic complexity decreases environmental degradation in Turkey; and (iii) economic growth and energy consumption negatively affect environmental quality. The results also showed that economic complexity could be used as a policy tool to tackle environmental degradation. The findings also revealed that the fossil fuel-based economy will continue to expand and undermine Turkey's efforts to meet its net zero emission target by 2053. Therefore, policy-makers should take actions and establish diversified economic, environmental, and energy strategies. For policy insights, the Turkish governments can use the combination of tax exemptions and technical support systems to support knowledge creation and the diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies The governments can also impose strict environmental regulations on the knowledge development phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider the extension of a tractable NEG model with a quasi-linear log utility function to continuous space, and investigate the behavior of its solution mathematically. The model is a system of nonlinear integral and differential equations describing the market equilibrium and the time evolution of the spatial distribution of population density. A unique global solution is constructed, and a homogeneous stationary solution with an evenly distributed population is shown to be unstable. Furthermore, it is shown numerically that the destabilized homogeneous stationary solution eventually forms spiky spatial distributions. The number of the spikes decreases as the preference for variety increases or the transport cost decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a theoretical development of the gravitational model through an econophysical approach and physical tools. Therefore, this paper attempts to answer the following research question: "Can physics still contribute to the development of the gravitational model in economics?". To tackle the question, this paper begins with an overview of the basic concepts of Newton's universal gravitational theory, which was first applied in economics by the distinguished American scientist Isard (1954). Then the concepts and formulas of gravitational fields in physics will be translated into economics, thus reviving Isard's original multilateralism through the elaboration of an extension of his model apt to describe the multilateralism and multi-country exchanges which characterize international trade. In this regard, the superposition principle of vector is used to offer vector analysis as a tool for mapping the interactions between the economic forces produced by the individual gravitational fields of different countries. A representation of the gravitational field of the European market will be provided. The field concept will extend the analysis from bilateral flows to the analysis of markets in two dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of economic development in the modern world demand new approaches in the study, analysis and research of social aspects, labour markets and local and regional economic development in the context of the new transformations, the multiple crises that humanity is going through today. For the labour market, the geographical approach opens up the lens of analysis, formulation of priorities and the development of new methodologies that will help us build new theories and policies of local and regional economic development, the development of a labour market through the prism of economic geography. This approach will allow us to analyse the migration processes of occupational mobility and to develop viable policies and measures to create new jobs and ensure sustainable, smart and inclusive economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the impact of reshoring, defined as the relocation of previously offshored production activities back to the home country or to a neighbouring country, on the productivity of manufacturing firms. It uses data from the European Reshoring Monitor on European firms in the period 2014–18. Reshoring increased total factor productivity of small and medium-sized firms, but did not affect productivity of large firms. The positive effect was stronger for firms that had offshored production to some Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that population age structure plays a significant role alongside institutional, technological, political, and cultural factors when it comes to explaining shifts in urban, regional and national economic development. The paper demonstrates how demographic transitions lead to changes in population age structure which in turn correlate with global shifts in economic development from 1950 onwards. It then analyzes the role of population age structure at the sub-national level by reviewing some prominent cases of regional and urban shifts in Western Europe and North America. Population size, population density and migration have always been an integrated part of economic geography, and the consequences of ageing in national and regional economies are increasingly being studied. The specific role of population age structure as a driver of economic development has, however, so far largely been ignored in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial shows how the digital economy continuously reshapes work and employment. Based on a literature review, it illustrates that digitalization frequently implies job loss, de-skilling and measures to restrict co-determination and participation of labor. However, digitalization also offers opportunities for managers, employees and unions to create new work tasks and conditions for skilled work. After showing major trends of digitalization in the last decades, the editorial illustrates recent research fields in economic geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online retail is currently profoundly restructuring the working conditions in the retail sector. Existing studies generally describe the working conditions in the large warehouses of online retail as 'digital Taylorism'. This article broadens this perspective and draws on the theoretical concept of the local labour control regime. It explores how managements' technological and social labour control strategies vary spatially between online retail warehouses located in inner and outer metropolitan areas of the four largest German cities. The study uses qualitative methods and is mainly based on expert interviews with executives, representatives of trade unions and works councils, representatives of associations, and further experts. This study gains insights on the spatial variety of labour control and thus is relevant for international research on labour control and for practitioners' ability to create decent and humane work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Impacts of Dictatorship on Heritage Management" by Minjae Zoh is a book that explores the effects of dictatorial regimes on heritage management. Zoh argues that the traditional framework for assessing heritage management, known as Authorized Heritage Discourse (AHD), is not applicable to dictatorial systems. Instead, she proposes a new model called Authorized Dictatorial Discourse (ADD) that takes into account the power dynamics and selective use of heritage sites in dictatorial regimes. The book focuses on six sites in South Korea during the country's Military Dictatorship Era (MDE) from 1961 to 1988. Zoh's research raises questions about the complexities of heritage management under dictatorships and the potential benefits of governmental indifference. The book will be of interest to students and scholars in Heritage Studies and political science, as well as those interested in Korean history and the manipulation of historical narratives. [Extracted from the article]

"Revealing Schemes: The Politics of Conspiracy in Russia and the Post-Soviet Region" by Scott Radnitz explores the use of conspiracy theories by elites in authoritarian and hybrid regimes. The book compiles a database of conspiracy theories and examines their political use and efficacy in post-Soviet countries. The author argues that conspiracy theories are more frequently invoked in societies with competitive elections and free media, and rulers use them to bring down opponents or explain unexpected events. The book's findings suggest that conspiracy claims can be used pre-emptively or defensively, and a combination of both is common. [Extracted from the article]

The book "Sustainable Economic Geography" by Ingo Liefner and Sebastian Losacker provides a comprehensive overview of economic geographical approaches to promoting sustainable economic practices. It covers topics such as climate protection, resource conservation, emissions reduction, and biodiversity promotion. The book also addresses regional differences, technology and innovation, theories and methods for transition, as well as the challenges of sustainable regional economic development. The authors ask critical questions about the presented concepts and question common economic assumptions. The book is easily readable and suitable for beginners, advanced learners, and those interested in spatial research and spatial planning. It includes numerous tables and graphics to illustrate the text. Possible shorter versions for students and an English-language version of the book are also mentioned. The authors also question post-growth theories but emphasize that this would be a different textbook. [Extracted from the article]

This commentary on Felix Mallin and James Sidaway's (2023) article on 'Critical geoeconomics' returns to the German Historical School of economics to recall their emphasis on geography, history and culture, but also their frequent advocacy for imperial expansion and colonial annexation. It revisits the divide between the Historical School's vision of the world economy and that of Austrian School marginalists and suggests that we can understand geoeconomics as the expression of a desire for sovereignty in an era of mutual interdependence. This response to Felix Mallin and James Sidaway's genealogy of the category of geoeconomics follows them in returning to early‐twentieth century debates in German‐language economics. It suggests that the divorce between geography and economics under neoclassical and neoliberal epistemology can be reconciled through geoeconomics, but that we should remain aware of the risks this entails. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic insight into the socio-economic aspects of the last two economic crises in Slovenia: the Economic crisis between 2009 and 2013, and the COVID-19 crisis in 2020. A three-stage territorial model was developed as a theoretical tool for this study. The data for the analyses came from various statistical sources and from the available literature. The socio-economic aspects of both economic crises were analysed in 11 categories and at three territorial levels: macro (national), meso (regional) and micro (locational). Both economic crises differ fundamentally in many aspects. Compared to the Economic crisis, the COVID-19 crisis was much shorter and less severe, and had relatively little impact on the socio-economic structure of Slovenia and its regions. Both economic crises had some common features: reduction of interregional disparities and different development paths of regions during the crisis, as well as strong economic growth in the first year of recovery. The proposed model can be extended by additional territorial levels and by adding additional social and political-geographical aspects.

This paper examines how geography matters for the location of industries in East Asia, employing regression analyses on a novel and comprehensive regional GDP dataset. This study examines how geography affects industrial location patterns, particularly the role of infrastructure, such as ports and airports. This paper analyzes the current economic geography of East Asia using the novel dataset. The regression analyses utilize location quotients as the dependent variable and incorporate explanatory variables, such as domestic/foreign market access, per capita income, population density, and distance-based dummies for ports and airports. The findings reveal that the determinants of industrial location differ significantly across industries. The relative importance of domestic versus foreign market access and proximity to ports and airports varies across sectors. The results imply that countries/regions cannot easily host industries of their choice, as different industries require distinct locational characteristics.

يندرج موضوع البحث ضمن الدراسات التطبيقية في الجغرافيا الاقتصادية، ويُعد الربط الكهربي نمطاً من أنماط الشراكة الاقتصادية والتكامل بين الدول. وجاءت دولتا الدراسة أكبر دول الوطن العربي من حيث إنتاج الكهرباء واستهلاكها؛ الأمر الذي زاد من أهمية الربط بين منظومتي الكهرباء في البلدين. إلا أن توزيع محطات التوليد، وشبكة الكهرباء، والطاقة الكهربائية المستهلكة، اختلفت بين الأقسام الجغرافية في الدولتين، نتيجة لعوامل التوطين لمحطات التوليد، وللعوامل الجغرافية المؤثرة في مد الشبكة والاستهلاك. وتمثلت أهمية الربط الكهربي بين الدولتين تحديداً نتيجة لتباين فترات ذروة الاحمال الكهربائية بينهما، حيث جاءت بالسعودية نهاراً، وفي مصر ليلاً؛ وهو ما يُفعل أهمية الربط والتكامل الكهربي بين البلدين، وتنميتها مستقبلاً. ويمتد خط الربط من المدينة المنورة حتى شمال شرق مدينة القاهرة المصرية، وجاء معظم الخط هوائياً باستثناء منطقة عبور خليج العقبة من جهة الجنوب بطول 20 كم. وعلى الرغم من ارتفاع تكلفة الإنشاء، إلا أن الجدوى الاقتصادية زادت من أهميته. The subject of the research falls within the applied studies in geography, and the electrician knits the growth of economic partnership and integration between countries. The two countries of the study were the largest in the nation in terms of electricity production and consumption; Which increased the salt between the two men and the news. However, the distribution of the generation stations, the electricity network, and the consumed electric energy, the geographical areas in the two countries differed, as a result of the localization factors of the generation stations, and the geographical factors affecting the network and consumption. and a third of that, they share the importance of gravity in electrophoresis; Which is what makes the relationship and electrical integration between the new, and its development in the future. The link line extends from Madinah to the northeast of Cairo, and most of the line came over the Aqaba crossing area from the south, 20 km. Despite this, challenges have increased from the coast.

Since the 2010s, big data has become a trendy term across government, business, and academia. There is a great deal of ambiguity in the definition of big data and the so-called big data sector it gives rise to. It is thus still debatable what companies can be considered big data firms. Studying such an emerging field and collecting firm-level data through surveys in understudied regions are particularly challenging due to the lack of an established and accessible firm directory. Drawing on a research project on Guizhou, the earliest and most prominent national big data pilot zone in China, this article advances an activity-based approach and advocates a triangulation of methods to identify firms that belong to the big data sector. Corporate information query platforms are used and context-specific solutions are proposed. This article would be of interest to researchers who wish to investigate emerging industries when the target population is vaguely defined and hard to identify. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolutionary approaches in economic geography have contributed substantially to the growing body of knowledge of regional development processes and their underlying mechanisms. One key concept in the literature on evolutionary economic geography is that of related variety. Herein, regional industry structure is represented through the level of related variety of technologies, skills, or outputs. The related variety concept proposes that regional economic development is favored when an economy diversifies into products or technologies that are closely related to the stock of existing activities. In this article, we raise substantive questions regarding the internal logic of the concept of related variety, its spatial expressions, measurement specifics, empirical regularities and biases, and its possible short- and long-term effects on regional development. Based on this investigation, we make suggestions for improvements to future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The automotive industry is facing disruptive trends and great uncertainty. The path forward for automotive jurisdictions is uncertain in terms of how automakers will allocate the production of new connected and autonomous vehicles (C/AVs). The introduction of C/AV technologies creates high levels of uncertainty both for individual firms and regional innovation systems (RISs). The intersection of established production competencies with emerging digital technologies raises questions about how regional pathways and RISs develop and how local and RISs adapt to changes in global innovation networks. Building on recent contributions to evolutionary economic geography (EEG), the article examines the impact of the current technology transition on Ontario's automotive sector. Drawing on rich empirical data and recent conceptual advances in theorizing about new path development from EEG and the literature on global innovation networks, the article casts light on how the intersection between global innovation networks and regional actors is altering Ontario's developmental path. It examines the potential for Ontario to diversify away from its historic status as a semi-peripheral automotive region with limited investment in research and development to one with a greater role in the emerging paradigm of connected and autonomous vehicles. The article explores the potential for path diversification based on interpath dynamics between the region's auto and information and computer technology sectors as well as the importance of both system-level and firm-level agency for altering the region's developmental trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is increasingly recognised that for clusters to evolve and initiate new developmental paths, they need to bring in various external resources, especially external human capital. However, external talent often has imperfect knowledge regarding distant places; hence, a key challenge for clusters is to overcome this lack of knowledge and unfamiliarity to ensure that external talent becomes aware of the cluster's local assets and the possibilities for (re)locating there. It is thus important for clusters to engage in cluster branding: that is, to promote its assets 'outwards' and to build-up a positive, renowned brand-name. While place branding is already an established theme in urban geography, cluster branding has hitherto been under-examined in the extant cluster literature in economic geography. Moreover, both the well-researched place-branding literature and the limited cluster-branding literature tend to be primarily concerned with official, top-down branding, initiated by government agencies. This article, instead, shows that branding can also involve organic, bottom-up processes driven by the agency of diverse individual actors, working in tandem with governmental actors. Through a case study of an arts and creative cluster, the Jingdezhen ceramics cluster in China, it unpacks how resourceful individual actors – conceptualised as boundary spanners – have become powerful agents in increasing the cluster's legitimacy and visibility in the relevant industries through their personal networks and mobility, thereby contributing to attracting external talent into the cluster. More specifically, the study identifies three bottom-up cluster branding mechanisms, namely: convening temporary clusters locally; participating in external temporary clusters; and representing through digital media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian superannuation industry has grown enormously over the past 30 years. Whereas working people are automatically enrolled at their workplaces, the head offices of many industry funds are in Melbourne rather than Sydney. Melbourne's dominance of the superannuation industry is explained, in part, by happenstance—the location of major unions and employer groups and their initiatives in response to the enabling legislation. Other factors identified include opportunism, cooperation, and the advantages of growth. Government‐prompted mergers and acquisitions have also reinforced the dominance of Melbourne, notwithstanding attempts by Sydney‐based superannuation funds to out‐compete their Melbourne rivals. Whereas the geographical bifurcation of the Australian superannuation industry has been mediated by the formation of a Queensland‐based superfund "champion," it is suggested that it faces numerous challenges. In conclusion, avenues for future research are sketched, focusing upon the future of Melbourne as the centre of the superannuation industry, the role of digital platforms in service delivery, pension adequacy, and the increasing importance of Australian funds in global financial markets. This is one of the first academic paper in the field of economic and financial geography to document and explain the growth and significance of Melbourne as the dominant superannuation centre in the Australian financial industry. It has far‐reaching implications for understanding the Australian landscape of finance with implications for policy, welfare, and geographical theory. Its explanation of the rise of Melbourne combines happenstance with core concepts of spatial differentiation anchored in contemporary economic geography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prospective graduate students are usually required to have attained an undergraduate degree in a related field and high prior grades to gain admission. There is consensus that some relatedness between the students' undergraduate and graduate programs is required for admission. We propose a new measurement for this relatedness using cosine similarity, a method that has been tried and tested in fields such as bibliometric sciences and economic geography. We used this measurement to calculate the relatedness between a student's undergraduate and graduate program, and tested the effect of this measure on study success. Our models show that there is an interaction effect between undergraduate grades and cognitive relatedness on graduate grades. For bachelor students with high cognitive relatedness, the relationship between bachelor grades and master grades is about twice as strong compared to bachelor students with low cognitive relatedness. This is an important finding because it shows that undergraduate grades, the most common admission instrument in higher education, have limited usefulness for students with relatively unrelated undergraduate programs. Admissions officers need to carefully assess their admission instruments for such students and rely less on grades when it comes to the decision to admit students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues that money and finance are not sufficiently integrated into the research agenda of evolutionary economic geography (EEG). I identify two dimensions of Joseph Schumpeter's vision of the inherent instability of capitalism as promising for the EEG research agenda: First, the 'law' (Gesetz) of a disequilibrating role of credit creation and innovations in financial relations reveals the deeply 'monetary character' of his theory of development. Second, Schumpeter's vision of an evolutionary 'form' (Gestalt) of capitalism describes a social process that rests on macro-drivers of institutional change. Money and finance thus simultaneously act as both static indicators and dynamic drivers of economic development in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat 133 Rigby, D. L. and Essletzbichler, J. (1997) Evolution, process variety, and regional trajectories of technological change in US manufacturing, Economic Geography, 73: 269 - 284. Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat 103 Martin, R. and Sunley, P. (2022) Making history matter more in evolutionary economic geography, ZFW - Advances in Economic Geography, 66: 65 - 80. doi:10.1515/zfw-2022-0014. Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat 12 Boschma, R. (2022) Global value chains from an evolutionary economic geography perspective: a research agenda, Area Development and Policy, 7: 123 - 146. Keywords: Evolutionary Economic Geography; EEG; paradigm; conceptual elements; ontology; development; policy; cities; regions EN Evolutionary Economic Geography EEG paradigm conceptual elements ontology development policy cities regions 373 390 18 11/07/23 20231101 NES 231101 Re-imagining evolutionary economic geography - why, and why now? Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat 102 Martin, R. (2010) Roepke lecture in economic geography - Rethinking regional path dependence: beyond lock-in to evolution, Economic Geography, 86: 1 - 27. [Extracted from the article]

Google Scholar OpenURL Placeholder Text WorldCat 57 Schröder, H. (2010) Application possibilities of the micro-meso-macro framework in economic geography, Papers in Evolutionary Economic Geography, # 11.15, Utrecht University, Urban & Regional Research Centre Utrecht, http://econ.geo.uu.nl/peeg/peeg.html. Keywords: evolutionary economic geography; evolutionary economics; unified agenda; consilience; micro-meso-macro; axial economic geography EN evolutionary economic geography evolutionary economics unified agenda consilience micro-meso-macro axial economic geography 599 606 8 11/07/23 20231101 NES 231101 Looking for a unified agenda What is the agenda and scope of evolutionary economic geography (EEG)? Google Scholar Crossref Search ADS WorldCat 19 Elsner, W. (2016) Why economics textbooks must, and how they can, be changed into a real-world and pluralist economics. [Extracted from the article]

This article seeks to advance a key element of the methodological framework for evolutionary economic geography (EEG)—the conceptualisation of 'urban space'. Drawing on recent theories from architecture and urban data science, it argues that the networked and topological qualities of urban built environments have been neglected in the EEG discipline, and yet they play an important role in how cities work as 'complex evolving systems'. The article explores different ways in which the spatial configuration of cities influences urban economic evolution, drawing on Bill Hillier's theory of space syntax and a case study from Greater Manchester. It concludes that when urban street systems are disrupted this can potentially become one contributing factor in why places become economically 'left behind'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The capability framework in evolutionary economic geography views regional economic development as a process of related diversification through the acquisition of capabilities that render a regional economy more complex. Using this framework, we synthesize seven theoretical notions that hitherto remained rather disconnected: relatedness, complementarity, variety, complexity, diversification, agents of structural change and related variety. We formulate a constructive critique of the capability framework, relaxing the overly restrictive assumption that the presence of capabilities in a region is both necessary and sufficient for complex products to be produced in a region. Instead, we argue that the complexity of a regional economy depends primarily on the institutions that support firms to coordinate production in complex value chains within and across regions. The augmented framework allows for closer integration of evolutionary and relational approaches in economic geography, providing new links between the literature on clusters, innovation systems and global production networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]