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An important issue in devices with negative differential resistance (NDR) in I–V characteristics is the ability to control device characteristics. In this paper, a novel double-gate AGNR/h-BN FET with a tunable NDR in the I–V characteristic is proposed for the first time. An armchair GNR is used in this device with length of 6.4 nm and width of 2.2 nm. The insulator used in this device is silicon oxynitride due to higher dielectric constant compared with silicon dioxide in order to improve gate control, and more feasibility than high-k materials since it has native silicon oxide. The interesting feature of this device is its ability to tune NDR in the output characteristics. It is observed that positive gate-source voltages reduce the peak to valley current differences and, negative gate-source voltages increase the peak to valley current differences. By tuning the NDR, the biasing condition and even the oscillation condition of the transistor can be tuned when it is used as an oscillator, for example. In addition, the current and power consumption of the device can be controlled.

A set of unique sequences in bacterial genomes, responsible for protecting bacteria against bacteriophages, has recently been used for the genetic manipulation of specific points in the genome. These systems consist of one RNA component and one enzyme component, known as CRISPR ("clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats") and Cas9, respectively. The present review focuses on the applications of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the development of cellular and animal models of human disease. Making a desired genetic alteration depends on the design of RNA molecules that guide endonucleases to a favorable genomic location. With the discovery of CRISPR/Cas9 technology, researchers are able to achieve higher levels of accuracy because of its advantages over alternative methods for editing genome, including a simple design, a high targeting efficiency and the ability to create simultaneous alterations in multiple sequences. These factors allow the researchers to apply this technology to creating cellular and animal models of human diseases by knock-in, knock-out and Indel mutation strategies, such as for Huntington's disease, cardiovascular disorders and cancers. Optimized CRISPR/Cas9 technology will facilitate access to valuable novel cellular and animal genetic models with respect to the development of innovative drug discovery and gene therapy.

In this paper, a new high-speed and low power unsigned multiplication structure is proposed: based on the proposed algorithm, the input bits of multiplier are broken into several smaller groups of bits and the multiplication of them are calculated concurrently. The final product of multiplication is generated after several rounds of the small group's results aggregation. A 32*32-bit multiplier according to the proposed structure is designed in 0.18um CMOS process. The overall delay of 32*32-bit multiplier is extremely low and is only 2.1ns. The power consumption is 41mW.

Background:One of the most important issues in cellular therapies is the examination of stem cells in different conditions. Given the increasing use of herbal drugs and herbal medicines and the potential effects of herbs on various diseases, the study of stem cells in the mediums of these compounds seems to be necessary.Aims:The current paper was to evaluate the effect of cannabis sativa extract on morphology, growth and maintenance of the characteristics of rat bone marrow stem cells.Methods:In this study, rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were used. The effect of cannabis extract in different concentrations on cell morphology was investigated through microscopic observations and cytogenetic methods. In the context of the study of bioavailability and growth process, we used the mtt assay test and calculated the cell population doubling time and the growth curve plotting.Results:The results show that cannabis extract increases the proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared to control group. Also, the effect of cannabis extract is dependent on its dose. The treated cells with a concentration of 100 ng / ml cannabis extract had the highest growth rate compared to control (P˂.050).Conclusion:Given the increasing impact of low doses of cannabis extract on the growth of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, it seems that the use of effective ingredients in this plant extract is beneficial for cell-therapeutic purposes in autoimmune diseases. On the other hand, higher doses cause cell death and an increase in apoptosis, so, in people consuming these substances, they will decrease the proliferation of stem cells due to increased concentration of substances in the body.

Background:Today, cannabis sativa L. is the most consuming drug trafficking plant in the world after nicotine and alcohol.Aims:Given the properties of cannabis and psychoactive compounds of this opiate drug, including hashish, as well as the importance of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the restoration and regeneration of organs and its application in tissue transplantation and tissue engineering, the current paper investigates the effect of hashish (hydroalcoholic extract of cannabis) on the morphology and growth process of human adiposed-drived mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.Methods:Human adipose-drived mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from the abdominal fat by the enzyme digestion of the patient’s abdominal region. MTT test was performed to determine the best concentration of cannabis extract. Cells were treated for seven days at 100 ng / ml and 1000 ng / ml, and propagation, growth and viability of the cells were evaluated.Results:The results show that cannabis extract reduces the proliferation of human adipose-drived mesenchymal stem cells as time-dependent. Also, the effect of cannabis extract on mesenchymal cells depends on concentrations. High concentrations have a greater negative effect on the growth of the cells. The results of this study showed that the morphology of human adipose-drived mesenchymal stem cells did not change after exposure to cannabis extract.Conclusion:Although in the first days, the growth process is elevated and the cells are in the euphoric phase, apoptosis increases with time as consumption increases due to toxicity. The effects of cannabis on fat cells indicate a decrease in the volume of adipose tissue and, consequently, in the consumer’s slimming.

Graphene, a purely two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms, as an attractive substrate for plasmonic nanoparticles is considered because of its transparency and atomically thin nature. Additionally, its large surface area and high conductivity make this novel material an exceptional surface for studying adsorbents of diverse organic macromolecules. Although there are plenty of experimental studies in this field, the lack of analytical model is felt deeply. Comprehensive study is done to provide more information on understanding of the interaction between graphene and DNA bases. The electrostatic variations occurring upon DNA hybridization on the surface of a graphene-based field-effect DNA biosensor is modeled theoretically and analytically. To start with modeling, a liquid field effect transistor (LGFET) structure is employed as a platform, and graphene charge density variations in the framework of linear Poisson– Boltzmann theories are studied under the impact induced by the adsorption of different values of DNA concentration on its surface. At last, the artificial neural network is used for improving the curve fitting by adjusting the parameters of the proposed analytical model.

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır. Mevcut yüksek lisans tez çalışmasında, nanotıp ve nanoteknoloji alanlarındaki sıcaklık ölçümlerine olan büyük ilgiden dolayı, Yb3+:YAG (Yitriyum Alüminyum Granet, Y3Al5O12) nanokristallerinin özellikleri biyomedikal uygulamalar için mutlak lüminsans bir nano-termometre olarak araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sırasında, Yb3+:Y3Al5O12 nanoparçacıklarının üç sentez yolu, sol-jel modifiye Pechini yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Sentez prosedürünü optimize etmek için X-ray difraksiyon (XRD) ve geçirimli elektron mikroskobu (TEM) gibi yapısal ve morfolojik karakterizasyon teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Entegre küre kullanılarak sentezlenen nanoparçacıklar arasındaki en güçlü emisyon şiddetini belirlemek için uygulanan mutlak yoğunluk tekniği ve Yb3+:YAG nanokristallerin sıcaklık algılama yeteneklerini incelemek için kullanılan floresans yoğunluk oranı (FIR) tekniği gibi spektroskopik karakterizasyon teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Böylece Yb3+:YAG nanokristalleri için en iyi çalışma performansları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, en yüksek ve güçlü mutlak emisyon şiddetinin % 5 Yb3+:YAG nanokristallerine yani Exp. 10'a ait olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır ki, başlangıç materyalleri nitratlar olarak ve sitrik asit gibi bir kompleksleştirici ajan kullanılarak sentezlenmişlerdir. 940 nm ve 980 nm'de uyarma altında, bu nanopartiküllerin yakın kızılötesi bölge aralığında ikinci biyolojik pencerelerde (II-BW) bulunan 1030, 1048, 1000 ve 1006 nm'de emisyon bantlarının sırasıyla 0′ → 2, 0′ → 3, 1′→ 3 ve 1′→ 2 İterbiyum geçişlerine karşılık gelmesi gösterilmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu uyarımların her ikisinden de gelen emisyonlar, bu dalga boyu aralığında termal algılama için umut verici özellikler sergilemektedir. Dolayısıyla, her iki uyarımın oranları olarak iki farklı termometrik parametre belirlenmiştir, birincisi, 1030 ve 1048 nm piklerine karşılık gelen 0′ → 2 ve 0′ → 3 geçişlerinin emisyon şiddetleri arasındaki oran, ikincisi, 1000 ve 1006 nm piklerine karşılık gelen 1′ → 3 ve 1′ → 2 geçişlerinin emisyon şiddetleri arasındaki orandır. Termometre, basit Yb3+ enerji seviyesi yapısına dayalı ve 298 ile 333 K arasında çalışabilmektedir. Diğer yeni ve en önemli özellik, kalibrasyon faktörünün Yb3+ emisyon spektrumundan hesaplanabilmesidir.

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır. Mevcut yüksek lisans tez çalışmasında, nanotıp ve nanoteknoloji alanlarındaki sıcaklık ölçümlerine olan büyük ilgiden dolayı, Yb3+:YAG (Yitriyum Alüminyum Granet, Y3Al5O12) nanokristallerinin özellikleri biyomedikal uygulamalar için mutlak lüminsans bir nano-termometre olarak araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sırasında, Yb3+:Y3Al5O12 nanoparçacıklarının üç sentez yolu, sol-jel modifiye Pechini yöntemi ile yapılmıştır. Sentez prosedürünü optimize etmek için X-ray difraksiyon (XRD) ve geçirimli elektron mikroskobu (TEM) gibi yapısal ve morfolojik karakterizasyon teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Entegre küre kullanılarak sentezlenen nanoparçacıklar arasındaki en güçlü emisyon şiddetini belirlemek için uygulanan mutlak yoğunluk tekniği ve Yb3+:YAG nanokristallerin sıcaklık algılama yeteneklerini incelemek için kullanılan floresans yoğunluk oranı (FIR) tekniği gibi spektroskopik karakterizasyon teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Böylece Yb3+:YAG nanokristalleri için en iyi çalışma performansları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, en yüksek ve güçlü mutlak emisyon şiddetinin % 5 Yb3+:YAG nanokristallerine yani Exp. 10'a ait olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır ki, başlangıç materyalleri nitratlar olarak ve sitrik asit gibi bir kompleksleştirici ajan kullanılarak sentezlenmişlerdir. 940 nm ve 980 nm'de uyarma altında, bu nanopartiküllerin yakın kızılötesi bölge aralığında ikinci biyolojik pencerelerde (II-BW) bulunan 1030, 1048, 1000 ve 1006 nm'de emisyon bantlarının sırasıyla 0′ → 2, 0′ → 3, 1′→ 3 ve 1′→ 2 İterbiyum geçişlerine karşılık gelmesi gösterilmiştir. Bu nedenle, bu uyarımların her ikisinden de gelen emisyonlar, bu dalga boyu aralığında termal algılama için umut verici özellikler sergilemektedir. Dolayısıyla, her iki uyarımın oranları olarak iki farklı termometrik parametre belirlenmiştir, birincisi, 1030 ve 1048 nm piklerine karşılık gelen 0′ → 2 ve 0′ → 3 geçişlerinin emisyon şiddetleri arasındaki oran, ikincisi, 1000 ve 1006 nm piklerine karşılık gelen 1′ → 3 ve 1′ → 2 geçişlerinin emisyon şiddetleri arasındaki orandır. Termometre, basit Yb3+ enerji seviyesi yapısına dayalı ve 298 ile 333 K arasında çalışabilmektedir. Diğer yeni ve en önemli özellik, kalibrasyon faktörünün Yb3+ emisyon spektrumundan hesaplanabilmesidir. In this thesis, due to the great interest of the temperature measurements in the fields of nanomedicine and nanotechnology, the properties of Yb3+-doped YAG (Yttrium Aluminum garnet, Y3Al5O12) nanocrystals as an absolute luminescent nanothermometer for biomedical applications was investigated. During the investigation, three routes of synthesis of Yb3+:Y3Al5O12 nanoparticles were done via the sol-gel modified Pechini method. Morphological and structural characterization approaches which include transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to optimize the process of the synthesis. Spectroscopic characterization techniques, such as absolute intensity technique which was applied for determining the most strongest emission intensity among the synthesized nanopowders using the integrated sphere and fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique which was utilized to examine the temperature sensing capabilities of Yb3+:YAG, were exploited. Thus, the best working performances of Yb3+-doped YAG nanocrystals were detected. The outcomes indicated that the highest absolute emission intensity was belong to 5 at. % of Yb3+:YAG nanocrystals which were synthesized using nitrates as beginning materials and citric acid as a complexing agent viz Exp. 10. Under excitation at 940 nm and 980 nm, these nanoparticles exhibited emission bands at 1030, 1048, 1000, and 1006 nm within the range of the near-infrared (NIR) region, being in agreement with the 0′ → 2, 0′ → 3, 1′→ 3, and 1′→ 2 transitions of Yb3+, and locating on the second biological windows (II-BW), correspondingly. Therefore, emissions from both of these excitations displayed favorable features in order to the thermic detecting within this scope of wavelengths. Ergo, two different thermometric parameters were defined as the ratios for both of the excitations, first, the ratio amongst the emission intensities of the 0′ → 2 and 0′ → 3 transitions being consistent with 1030 and 1048 nm peaks, second, the ratio betwixt the emission intensities of the 1′ → 3 and 1′ → 2 transitions concurring with 1000 and 1006 nm peaks. Thus, depending on the simple Yb3+ energy level structure, the thermometer was developed and could activate between 298 and 333 K. Computing capability of the calibration factor from the Yb3+ emission spectrum was the other novel and of greatest significance perspective.

This paper presents an analytical model for the potential distribution of a p-n-i-n tunneling field effect transistor (TFET). Using the potential distribution, the tunneling drain current is derived analytically by integrating the band-to-band tunneling generation rate over the device volume. According to our knowledge, there is no analytical analysis for this structure in the literature, and this is the first analytical model proposed for a p-n-i-n TFET structure. The proposed analytical model is validated via numerical results obtained from device simulations based on non-local band-to-band tunneling model.

Background and aims: Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a plant of the Asteraceae family. This plant is used in herbal medicine. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of artichokeextract on insulin, glucagon, glucose, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 adult male Wistar rats weighting 220-200 g were used. The rats were divided into 4 equal groups including, control, diabetic and 2 diabetic experimental groups. Two experimental groups respectively received 100 and 300 mg/kg of artichoke hydro ethanol extract as intraperitoneal for 6 days. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin. At the end of the sixth day, blood was taken from the heart of animals. Afterward serum concentration of insulin, glucagon, glucose, ALP, ALT and AST were measured. Then, the parameters measured in the different groups were compared with a control group. Data were evaluated by ANOVA, Duncan test and Student’s t-test. Results: Results showed that artichoke extract significantly reduced the levels of glucagon, glucose, ALP, ALT, AST and increased insulin level compared to control and diabetic groups. It is worth noting that before the experiment, parameters tested were equal in all groups. Conclusion: Artichoke reduces blood sugar so it has a role in treatment of diabetes. Additionally, this herb is effective in control of blood glucose by liver enzymes reducing.

The guanine incropped Cu based metal-organic framework (Guanine-Cu-MOF) was synthesized by facile one-step sonochemical method by simply mixing of 4-4, biphenyldicarboxylic, guanine and copper nitrate (Bio-Cu-H2bpdc-Gu). The prepared guanine-MOF was characterized by using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques. The morphology of prepared material was sponge-shaped which it was well documented, together with the presence of existing functional groups. The effect of prepared material on oprD Gene Expression was investigated in Clinical and Standard Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO-1) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of prepared samples against P. aeruginosa strains were determined through the broth micro-dilution method. The expression of oprD gene in strains affected by Cu-H2bpdc-Gu was quantitatively investigated through real-time PCR. MIC of Bio-Cu-H2bpdc-Gu was 400 μg/mL for the standard and clinical strains of P. aeruginosa, while, MBC of this compound was 700 μg/mL for standard strain and 800 μg/mL for clinical strains. The highest and the lowest rate of oprD gene expression were found to be 3.6 and 1.1 fold in the strains, respectively.

In this paper we investigate the effect of uniaxial and torsional strains on the Density of States (DOS) of single walled Carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We employ the nearest neighbor and the third nearest neighbor π-TB (Tight Binding) models for our investigation. It is shown that uniaxial and torsional strains in some cases of metallic SWCNTs not only open a band gap but also effectively increase the DOS of SWCNT. It is also shown that, the mentioned types of strain have different effects on the DOS of chiral SWCNTs; in some types, they increase the DOS at the band edges while in other types they decrease it at the band edges.

Gallium-nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with step aluminum mole fraction or doping concentration in the barrier is reported. The barrier layer is divided into two Source Side (SS) and Drain Side (DS) parts with the same lengths and thicknesses, but with different aluminum mole fraction or doping levels. Average of the aluminum mole fraction or doping concentration in the barrier is equal to those in the conventional structure. Changes that happen in the maximum lateral electric field, breakdown voltage, maximum DC trans-conductance (g m ), drain current, gate-source capacitance, cut off frequency and DC output conductance (g o ) as a function of different source side (N SS ) and drain side (N DS ) barrier doping levels or different aluminum mole fractions at source side (X SS ) and drain side (X DS ) are studied in details. Simulation results illustrate that a smaller N DS compared to N SS improves the breakdown voltage. On the other hand, decreasing N SS reduces the gate-source capacitance and DC output conductance. With varying N SS and N DS , the DC trans-conductance has a nonlinear variation. Also, proposed structures with smaller X SS than X DS reduces the maximum lateral electric field and then improve the breakdown voltage and g o .

BACKGROUND Infertility is a serious social problem in advanced nations, with male factor in half of all cases of infertility. This study was conducted to determine the regenerative effect of bone marrow-derived stem cells in spermatogenesis of infertile hamster. METHODS Twelve adult male hamsters were equally divided into azoospermic and control groups. Busulfan was intraperitoneally used for induction of azoospermia, while the right testis was treated with bone marrow-derived stem cells (106 BM-SCs), labeled with sterile trypan blue, 35 days after busulfan injection. The left testis served as positive control for azoospermia. Sixty days after cell transplantation, the animals were euthanized and both testes were removed and evaluated histologically. RESULTS BM-SCs were spindle-shaped, adherent to the culture flasks and had positive expression of CD29 and CD73 and negative expression of CD45. Alcian blue staining confirmed differentiation of BM-SCs into chondrocytes. Karyotyping denoted to stability of chromosomes. Treatment with busulfan in seminiferous tubules resulted into distruption of spermatogenesis. After two months in busulfan treatment group, seminiferous tubular atrophy and germinal epitheliums degenerations were noticed with no spermatozoa in epididymis. After treatment of busulfan group with BM-SCs, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, spermatids and sperms were present in seminiferous tubules. CONCLUSION As cell transplantation in seminiferous tubules resulted into a rapid repair of pathological changes, BM-SCs can be recommended an effective treatment measure in azoospermia. It seems that more studies are necessary to confirm the use of this technique in treatment of azoospermia and infertility in human.

This paper presents a low-power robust static random access memory (SRAM) using a novel quasi-Schottky-barrier ultrathin body and ultrathin buried oxide (UTBB) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) device. In the proposed device, the drain terminal is highly doped and a metallic source terminal is used. Given the proposed structure, asymmetric characteristics will be achieved according to the drain–source bias voltage ( ${V}_{\text {DS}})$ . These characteristics of the proposed device are extensively analyzed and compared with a conventional symmetric UTBB SOI device. The asymmetry nature of the proposed device will lead to the mitigated read–write conflict of the 6T-SRAM cell. The simulation results show a leakage reduction of 18% at ${V}_{\text {DD}} = 1$ V in comparison with the 6T-SRAM cell realized by conventional symmetric UTBB SOI device. Furthermore, in comparison with the conventional 6T-SRAM, the realized cell shows a 54% improvement in read static noise margin, 6.6% higher write margin, and $3.1\times $ faster write at the cost of a longer access time. To achieve a practical read access time, we utilize split bitline approach.

This study focuses on the rheological properties of bitter almond gum (BAG) exudate at different shear rates, concentrations, temperatures, pH, and in the presence of various salts. Rheological data fitted with the Power law model revealed that BAG solutions exhibit non-Newtonian, shear thinning behavior without thixotropic effects at all tested concentrations and temperatures. Apparent viscosity of BAG solutions increased with the increasing gum concentrations and decreased with the increasing shear rate at a specified temperature. The viscosity reached a maximum value at pH 7 and it decreased at lower and higher pH values. Salts caused a reduction in viscosity. Comparatively, CaCl2 had a more pronounced effect than NaCl at a similar concentration. All treatments had significant effects on rheological parameters.

In this study, a gallium nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with recessed insulator and barrier is reported. In the proposed structure, insulator is recessed into the barrier at the drain side and barrier is recessed into the buffer layer at the source side. We study important device characteristics such as electric field, breakdown voltage, drain current, maximum output power density, gate-drain capacitance, short channel effects and DC transconductance using two-dimensional and two-carrier device simulator. Recessed insulator in the drain side of the proposed structure reduces maximum electric field in the channel and therefore increases the breakdown voltage and maximum output power density compared to the conventional counterpart. Also, gate-drain capacitance value in the proposed structure is less than that of the conventional structure. Overall, the proposed structure reduces short channel effects. Because of the recessed regions at both the source and the drain sides, the average barrier thickness of the proposed structure is not changed. Thus, the drain current of the proposed structure is almost equivalent to that of the conventional transistor. In this work, length (L r) and thickness (T r) of the recessed region of the barrier at the source side are the same as those of the insulator at the drain side.

The radio-frequency (RF) performances and small-signal parameters of double-gate (DG) square-shaped extended source tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) with different gate lengths have been extracted and compared with those of conventional TFETs in terms of cut-off frequency, maximum oscillation frequency, current gain, unilateral power gain, gate-source capacitance, gate-drain capacitance, channel resistance, time constant and transconductance. The small-signal parameters have been extracted by using of a nonquasistatic radio-frequency model, which were verified up to 250 GHz. Because of the higher transconductance and current drivability and smaller gate capacitance of DG square-shaped extended source TFETs compared to conventional TFETs, DG square-shaped extended source TFETs have higher cut-off and maximum oscillation frequencies and smaller switching time. The impact of high- κ gate dielectric on RF figures of merit and device performance has also been investigated for extended source TFET. The results showed close agreement between the Y -parameters and the extracted parameters of modeling, SPICE simulation and device simulation for high frequency range up to the cut-off frequency.

This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and the antibacterial activities of Nigella sativa L. (Cu) and Bunium persicum Boiss (Ca) extracts on the shelf life of silver carp, which is stored at 4 ± 1C for 15 days. In order to evaluate the quality of fish samples, some tests such as microbiological total viable count (TVC) and psychrotrophic count, chemical peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and total volatile base nitrogen and sensory characteristics were analyzed over a period of 15 days. The results indicated that the lipid oxidation and spoilage of the samples have been delayed in three treatments of the extracts significantly (P

A b s t r a c t. Due to their soft texture consumers prefer moist figs, which has motivated fig processors to increase the production of this product. However, as water enhances the browning reaction rate, moisture content optimisation of moist figs is very important. Processed figs must have suitable texture softness with browning kept to a minimum. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of moisture content on the textural attributes of dried figs. Hardness, compression energy, gradient, gumminess and chewiness of fig samples decreased with moisture content expo nentially, whereas the trend of springiness and cohesiveness with change of moisture content was nearly constant. Moreover, in the texture profile analysis plot of rehydrated figs, the presence of nega tive area is an indication of adhesiveness which was zero in control dried figs. The results of the texture profile analysis tests proved the existence of a critical moisture content of about 18.4%, above which no significant effect of moisture content on textural parameters was found. The glass-rubber transition results from differential scanning calorimeter may explain the different texture profile analysis attributes of dried figs compared with rehydrated figs. K e y w o r d s: moisture content, texture profile analysis, dried fig, glass transition

This paper presents a 2-D analytic potential model for double-gate (DG) tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs) by solving the 2-D Poisson's equation. From the potential profile, the electric field is derived and then the drain current expression is extracted by analytically integrating the band-to-band tunneling generation rate over the tunneling region. The model well predicts the potential, subthreshold swing (SS), and transfer and output characteristics of DG TFETs. We analyze the dependence of the tunneling current on the device parameters by varying the gate oxide dielectric constant, gate oxide thickness, body thickness, channel length and channel material and also demonstrate its agreement with TCAD simulation results. The SS which describes the switching behavior of TFETs, is derived from the current expression. The comparisons show that the SS of our model well coincides with that of simulations.

Optical full adders are one of the main building blocks required for realizing optical computers and Arithmetic Logic Units. In this paper we aim to design and propose an all optical full adder using nonlinear photonic crystal ring resonators. First of all an optical limiter was proposed using two nonlinear resonant rings. Then the final structure was created using the optical limiter. The maximum delay time for the proposed structure obtained to be 2 ps. As mentioned reducing the variation between the minimum and maximum optical power level for the logic 1 state at the output ports are the most important feature of the proposed structure.

Background The occurrence of mutations at different locations in the Glb1 gene in nerve cells can lead to the deficient activity of a hydrolase enzyme called β-galactosidase 1 in the lysosomal organelle. Therefore, the substrates of this enzyme (gangliosides) aggregate in the cells at toxic levels, leading to the progressive degeneration of nerve cells. Since humans are incapable of repairing the damaged nerve cells, this in itself causes a rare genetic disorder called GM1 gangliosidosis. Doctors are only able to reduce the signs of this disease, and technically, no effective treatment exists capable of eliminating its cause. Recently, using methods based on genome editing, aiming to achieve a more accurate understanding of the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms leading to this disease and find new therapeutic solutions. Methods In the current study, specific guide RNAs was designed for exons 2 and 6 of the Glb1 gene, and entered these gRNAs into lenticrispr expression vector containing CRISPR elements. Then, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells transferred with recombinant vectors containing our gRNAs. Finally, the generated mutations were investigated via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. Results Our results confirmed correct transformation process through colony PCR and Sanger sequencing. Then, by performing PCR test on genomic DNA of puromycin resistant MEF cells, a product band of 824 bp was observed that indicated successful knockout of the Glb1 gene. Conclusions The current study was designed as a proof of concept to show possibility of knocking out the Glb1 gene, using designed sgRNAs.

Introduction:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease of the central nervous system that causes disorders in the nervous system, especially in young people. Increased inflammatory factors are major complications of MS disease. Aloe vera plant has known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Aloe vera extract on the serum levels of certain inflammatory cytokines in ethidium bromide (EB)-induced MS models in rats.Methods:In this experimental study, 30 adult female Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups of 5 each, including control, sham, experimental 1 (received 14 μl EB solution), and experimental 2, experimental 3 and experimental 4 groups which received EB solution associated with 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg Aloe vera alcoholic extract gel, respectively. EB was administered into the lateral ventricles and the extract was given by gavage. On day 35th, blood serum levels of TGF-β, interleukin-1 and interferon gamma were measured by blood sampling from the animals. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan tests at 5% level of significance (p≤0.05).Results:The results showed that EB increased the mean serum concentrations of TGF-β, interleukin 1 and interferon gamma, while simultaneous administration of EB with 1200 mg/kg of the Aloe vera alcoholic extract gel significantly reduced the above factors at level of P≤0.05 as compared with EB group.Conclusions:The results of this study showed that the Aloe vera alcoholic extract gel in a dose-dependent manner can reduce EB effects on serum levels of TGF-β, interleukin-1 and interferon gamma in the rats with MS.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of valsartan, an angiotensin II antagonist, on the function of the pituitary- gonad axis. Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (200 to 220 g) were used as experimental and control groups. The 3 experimental groups received either 100, 200, or 400 mg/kg/day valsartan in 1 ml water orally for 28 days, while a set of control group received 1 ml distilled water for the same period of time and another set received no treatment. At the end of the experimental period, blood was collected and serum was analyzed for FSH, LH, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels by RIA methods. Results: There were no significant differences among FSH levels at all doses of valsartan used, while the serum LH level was decreased significantly at the maximum dose of the drug used. Serum testosterone level decreased at both the 200 and 400 mg/kg dose compared to the control, while the dihydrotestosterone level was reduced significantly at all the three dosages used. Conclusion: According to our founding, suggested that the effects of valsartan on serum LH, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone may be mediated through angiotensin II receptor.

The potential impact of gallium-nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a p-layer in the barrier is reported. We investigate the device performance focusing on short channel effects, gate–drain capacitance, electric field, breakdown voltage, DC output conductance ( g o ), drain current, DC trans-conductance ( g m ) and sub-threshold slope using two-dimensional and two-carrier device simulations. Our simulation results reveal that the proposed structure reduces the short channel effects, gate–drain capacitance, sub-threshold slope and g o compared to the conventional and T-gate structures. Also this new structure reduces the peak electric field at the gate corner near the drain and consequently increases the breakdown voltage significantly. Increasing p-layer length ( L p ) and thickness ( T p ), improves the breakdown voltage, short channel effects, gate–drain capacitance and g o .

Background and Aim: Diabetes is one of the diseases resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action. Pomegranate juice is a nutrient used in the treatment of some diseases in traditional medicine. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of pomegranate juice on blood glucose and insulin levels in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: The present study was an empirical one in which 90 adult male Wistar rats, weighing 200 to 220 g each, were randomly divided into five groups of control, sham, experimental (diabetic and non –diabetic) 1, 2 and 3. The control group (n=9) and the sham (n=9) received only distilled water, but the diabetic and non-diabetic groups 1, 2 and 3 received 1, 2 and 4cc of pomegranate juice for 21days through gavage. As for diabetic rats, diabetes was induced through intraperitioneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin into each. In the experimental groups, the animals were each treated to a singl dose of pomegranate juice every day for 21days. At the end of the 21st day, blood samples were taken from the experimental and control groups and their serum levels of insulin and glucose were measured. The obtained data was analysed by means of SPSS (v: 18) using ANOVA and LSD softwares. Results: It was found that minimum, average or maximum dose of pomegranate juice caused a significant reduction in their glycemia at the levels of P=0.05, P=0.005 and P=0.0005, respectively but it increased insulin at the levels P=0.023, P=0.015, and P=0.002, respectively in the diabetic group compared to the control group. However, it had no significant effect on the non-diabetic rats. Conclusion: Pomegranate, due to having antioxidant compounds such as polyphenolic compounds, increases insulin and thus, decreases blood glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic group.

Background: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin secretion and function. Walnut is used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. In this study we evaluated the anti-diabetic effects of the hydroalcoholic extract of walnut male flowers in streptozocin diabetic rats and its probable side effects on the liver. Materials and Methods: Eighty adult male Wistar rats were randomly selected and divided into 4 subgroups including a control (N=8) with no intervention, witness group receiving normal saline and another 3 groups of rats each receiving either 2, 4, or 6 g/kg of the extract per day for 15 days. Diabetic groups of rats each treated with the above doses of the extract for the aforementioned period of time, and a group of 8 diabetic rats without any further treatment. Eight rats were also used to determine the LD50 of streptozotocin. Diabetes was induced in rats by injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin. At the end of the experimental period, blood was taken from the experimental and control groups and the serum levels of insulin, glucose and liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) were measured.Results: Results showed that the hydro-alcoholic extract of walnut male flowers increased the levels of insulin, decreased blood glucose, AST and ALP enzymes in the treated diabetic groups compared to the non-treated group (p

Background: Morphine and other addicting drugs induce an uncontrolled desire in man to consume the drugs overtly and stimulate the brain compensative systems such that the neuron sensitivity produced is not desensitized for some time after the consumption and detoxification of the drug. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of memory attenuation in creating morphine dependency. Materials and Methods: In this study, 60 male mature mice (85 days old) with a weight of 30-35 grams were enrolled as the experimental and the control groups. The experimental groups included 3 subgroups treated with morphine, scopolamine or morphine+ scopolamine, respectively. Morphine was used for dependency and scopolamine for memory attenuation. Conditioned place preference (CCP) method was used to estimate dependency.Results: Results showed no meaningful difference between the control and the witness groups and between the control and scopolamine groups in preferring a special location to receive the drug. However, there was a meaningful difference (p

Background & Objective: There is plenty of fatty acids of omega-3 in Salmon Fish that affect brain development and function, therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Salmon fish’s oil on learning avoidance in mature male rats. Materials & Methods: In this empirical study, we used 40 mature male rats that were enrolled into control, sham and experimental groups. The control group was not treated. The sham group received only 1 ml saline daily, 3 experimental groups of different types received 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 ml/kg body weight respectively, for 28 days. For the evaluation of avoidance learning behavior, the shuttle box was used. The data was evaluated using ANOVA. Results: The results suggest that consumption of salmon oil significantly increases in minimum and maximum doses (P

Background: Anxiety and stress during labor increase plasma level of cortisol hormone and slow down the progress of delivery. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of massage therapy on the progress of labor and plasma level of cortisol in nulliparous women in labor.Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 subjects were selected voluntarily among nulliparous women aged 20 to 30 years in active labor phase. They, then, divided into two equal experimental and control groups randomly. The experimental group in the active phase (dilated 3-4 cm) to transitional phase (dilated 8-10 cm) received massage therapy. The massage was done for 10 minutes with 10 minutes rest in between sets. Meanwhile, control group received no intervention. Next, labor duration and plasma level of cortisol hormone were evaluated by drawing blood of parturient women. Results were analyzed using independent t-test and paired t-test.Results: The mean age of control and experimental groups were, 23.9±30 and 23.6±4.0 years, respectively. In terms of educational level, 10% in both groups were under diploma, 23.3% and 24.3% of subjects in control and experimental groups, in turn, had diploma, and 16.7% and 15.7% in control and experimental groups possessed bachelor degree, respectively. The results from statistical analysis showed that labor duration and level of cortisol hormone had significant reduction in experimental group than control group (p≤0.05).Conclusion: According to the results from comparison between two groups, massage therapy decreases labor duration and the level of cortisol hormone. The probable reason is that massage may reduce stress and cortisol level, and increase uterine activity by decreasing anxiety.

New structures named as recessed gate and channel (RGC) silicon carbide (SiC) based metal semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs) are reported in this paper, in which the gate is recessed into the channel, and the channel is recessed into the p-buffer layer at the source and/or the drain side. Important parameters such as short channel effect, maximum DC trans-conductance ( g m ), drain current, breakdown voltage and output resistance of the proposed structures are simulated and compared with the conventional 4H–SiC MESFET. Simulation results disclose that, compared to the conventional structure, the structure with recessed full gate and channel (FGC): 1. Improves the DC trans-conductance ( g m ). 2. Increases the output resistance. 3. Enhances the breakdown voltage. 4. Reduces the short channel effect. Moreover, source side recessed gate and drain side recessed channel (SG–DC) structure has higher g m and output resistance in comparison with the conventional structure. Drain side recessed gate and source side recessed channel (DG–SC) structure has larger breakdown voltage and drain current than those of the conventional structure.

Background: One of the biggest dreams of every couple is to have a healthy child of the desired sex. Different parts of the palm are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of reproductive disorders. Therefore, this study carried out with the aim of investigating the effect of palm pollen aqueous extract on the sex ratio of offspring in mice. Materials and Methods: In this study the mice weighing approximately 35-30 g were used in the control groups, experimental and control male and female. Each group consisted of 8 male and female mice, respectively. Each of the experimental groups were divided into three groups of 8 mice that received doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg / kg palm pollen extract per day for 35 days. And on the last day of administration, mice were mated with males and females from different groups and after birth were studied in relation to their gender. Data were analyzed using tests of ANOVA, Duncan and t Wilcoxon Tes. Results: Regarding the findings, palm pollen aqueous extract causes a significant increase in the proportion of male infants than female infants. Conclusion: Probably pollen extract minerals such as potassium and sodium have effect on the increase of male infants than the female ones, that needs to do more biochemical investigations in the future.

In this study, the optimized process variables for mayonnaise low in cholestrol and fat, which contained soy milk as a yolk substitute with different levels of Xanthan gum, Zodo gum, and oil, were determined by response surface methodology using a central composite design. Polynomial equation was fitted with an insignificant lack of fit factor in order to study the relationship between variables and responses including apparent viscosity, consistency coefficient, flow index, firmness, and stability of mayonnaise sauces. Results showed that increased amounts of Xanthan gum, Zodo gum and oil led to an increase in the apparent viscosity, the consistency coefficient, the firmness/emulsion stability of the mayonnaise, while the mayonnaise flow index was reduced. The interaction effects between Xanthan gum and Zodo gum, and between Xanthan gum and oil were significant on apparent viscosity. Optimum conditions of variables were obtained due to response ranges of commercial mayonnaise as following ingredients: 0.25% Xanthan gum, 3.84% Zodo gum, 37.50% oil, and with the replacement of 63.61% soy milk. Yolk, however, was replaced with soy milk without emulsion fracture up to 100%. This study showed good potential for Zodo gum native mixed with Xanthan gum and soy milk to be used as a fat and yolk substitute in mayonnaise, respectively.

Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) provide a large quantitative alternative source for regenerative medicine. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of BM-MSCs in the treatment of busulfan-induced azoospermia in guinea pigs. BM-MSCs were isolated from the femur bones of 6 adult guinea pigs as the donor group, and characterized by morphology, MSC markers and osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. A dose of 40 mg/kg of busulfan was administered at a 21 day interval to induce azoospermia in 6 guinea pigs. Thirty-five days after the second injection of busulfan, transplantation of 1×106 BM-MSCs was performed into the seminiferous tubules of the left testes. The right testis was considered as the positive busulfan treated control. The testes of the donor group were applied as an intact normal control. Then, 60 days after cell therapy, histopathological and histomorphometric evaluations of the testes were performed. The seminiferous tubules treated with BM-MSCs, similar to the intact group, showed a normal appearance of spermatogenesis in comparison to the busulfan-induced azoospermic testes. In conclusion, BM-MSCs were effective in the treatment of azoospermia in a guinea pig model where they restore the fertility of busulfan-induced azoospermic animals after transplantation of BM-MSCs. Therefore, this report could open a window in future to the possibility of BM-MSCs transplantation in the treatment of azoospermia in humans, but more studies should be undertaken for further verification., Mezenhimne matične stanice podrijetlom iz koštane srži (MMSKS) pružaju velike mogućnosti alternativnog izvora u regenerativnoj medicini. Ovo je istraživanje provedeno radi određivanja učinka MMSKS u svrhu liječenja azoospermije u zamorčadi izazvane busulfanom. MMSKS su bile izdvojene iz srži bedrene kosti od šestero odraslih zamorčića kao donorske skupine te im je određena morfologija, markeri te osteogenična i adipogenična diferencijacija. Doza od 40 mg/kg busulfana bila je zamorčićima primijenjena u razmaku od 21 dana. Tridesetipet dana nakon posljednje primjene busulfana provedena je transplantacija 1×106 MMSKS u sjemenonosne tubule lijevih sjemenika. Desni sjemenik uzet je kao pozitivna busulfan kontrola. Sjemenici donorske skupine uzeti su kao netaknuta normalna skupina. Nakon stanične terapije u trajanju od 60 dana provedena je histopatološka i histomorfometrijska prosudba sjemenika. Sjemenonosni tubuli obrađeni MMSKS, slično kao i neobrađena kontrolna skupina, pokazivali su normalnu spermatogenezu u usporedbi s busulfanom induciranim azoospermičnim sjemenicima. Zaključno se može reći da su MMSKS bile učinkovite u liječenju azoospermije na modelu zamorčadi te da se plodnost u azoospermičnih zamorčića vratila nakon transplantacije MMSKS. Stoga ovo istraživanje može ubuduće otvoriti prozor za mogućnost transplantacije MMSKS u svrhu liječenja azoospermije u čovjeka, premda su za potvrdu toga potrebna daljnja istraživanja.

In this paper we investigate the density of states of hexagonal silicon nanotubes. Next, we continue with the investigation of the effects two types of mechanical deformations, namely uniaxial and torsional strains on the DOS of Single Walled Silicon Nanotubes (SWSiNTs). We use tight binding model to perform DOS calculations and work out the appropriate results. It is shown that the application uniaxial and torsional strains in some cases cause the DOS near the band gap to increase, in some other ones to decrease and in some certain cases does not change the DOS near the band edge.

Benzoate-doped polypyrrole (PPy-Bz) was prepared electrochemically by anodic polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of benzoate ion (Bz) in an aqueous solution and was used as a solid-state PPy-Bz ion selective sensor. The effect of polymerization conditions on the characteristics of the potential response of the sensors was also discussed. The solid-state PPy-Bz sensor, showed a near-Nernstian behavior over 9 × 10 −5 –2 × 10 −2 mol L −1 Bz − with a detection limit of 5 × 10 −5 mol L −1 in an aqueous solution. The potential response of the sensor was reproducible in the range pH 2–9 and was not affected by pH between 6 and 8. Selectivity of the sensor over diverse preservative reagents (sorbate, acetate and citrate) and inorganic salts was evaluated. The PPy-Bz sensor was applied for determination of Bz − ions in carbonated soft drinks by using potentiometry and the results are similar with values obtained by high-performance chromatography.

Background and Aim: Diabetes is a metabolic disorder resulting from defects in insulin secretion or function. Walnut is a nutrient used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. In the current study, anti-diabetic effects of the Hydroalcoholic extract of walnut male flowers on diabetogenized rats by using Streptozocin were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Seventy two adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-225 g each were randomly selected and divided into three main groups, i.e. control, diabetic, and non-diabetic(intact) The control group included 8 rats (n=8). The diabetic and non-diabetic groups covered 32 rats each. Each of these groups were divided into four 8 rats including the control, diabetic, experimental 1, 2, and 3 which received 2, 4, or 6 g/kg of the extract per day for 15 days ,respectively. The three diabetic groups were each treated with the above doses of the extract, and the fourth group received no treatment. Diabetes was induced in diabetic rats through intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of Streptozotocin. At the end, blood samples were taken from the experimental and control groups and the serum levels of insulin and glucose were measured. Results: A significant reduction in blood sugar and increase of insulin in diabetics receiving Hydroalcoholic extract of male flowers walnut was observed compared with non-diabetic ones. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of male Walnut flowers, due to increasing insulin, causes reduction of blood sugar.

Background: One of the most specific miRNA of the brain is miR-124 which has been detected in the hippocampal area. This microRNA through suppression of some target genes, cause the stem cell to be changed into the neuron. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of exercise intensity on the expression of miR-124.Materials and Method: Eighteenadult male Wistar rats were selected as subjects. The animals randomly divided into 3 groups of control (n=6) and runner (n=6). In low intensity group (n=6) animals daily, were allowed to run on treadmill with an intensity of about 35-40% of maximum oxygen consumption, daily for 30 minutes, of 2 weeks period. In high intensity group (n=6) the subjects were run in the same conditions but with an intensity of about 70-75% maximum oxygen consumption. After 24 hours of the last session of exercise, the animals were killed. Changes in expression analyzed using the quantitave RT-PCR technique.Results: Statistical analysis by one-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant association between the intensities of exercise and elevated expression of miR-124 in the exercise group at significant level of p≤0.05.Conclusion: To sum up, expression of miR-124, in the hippocampus of adult rats, is associated with exercise intensity and running forcefully in comparison with lower intensity, in which leads to robust changes in some mechanisms that involve in exercise- induced neurogenesis

Gate tunneling current of MOSFETs is an important factor in modeling ultra small devices. In this paper, gate tunneling in present-generation MOSFETs is studied. In the proposed model, we calculate the electron wave function at the semiconductor-oxide interface and inversion charge by treating the inversion layer as a potential well, including some simplifying assumptions. Then we compute the gate tunneling current using the calculated wave function. The proposed model results have an excellent agreement with experimental results in the literature.

The purpose of this study was the investigation of managers of private publishers of Tehran (MPPT) in using at information source to acquire information about their organization's external environment and to use it on decision-making. Research methods were analytical survey and statistic population 260 managers for research was selected by random sampling methods from Morgan table. Questionnaires were used as an instrument for data collecting and sent to publishers by email. In this study, environmental scanning, information source, information source accessibility selected as dependent variable, and measured with MPPT as independent variable. Binomial test and Pearson correlation analysis test were used for analyzing questions and hypothesis. The investigation results showed that findings from research questions results indicated significant relationship among independent variables (MPPT) with the dependent variables- environmental scanning, information sources, source accessibility of information. In the external environment, the sectors of economic, customers and competitors were the most important environmental sectors, and information sources were also available under subordinate staff, internal memoranda, circulars were most important source of information and television and radio, government publications and periodicals periodic rate also have been used less. There was relationship between the source accessibility of information and the frequency of its use in environmental scanning statistically significant between levels of less than (P) based on Pearson’s correlation analysis.

To investigate the effect of serum supplementing on short-term culture, fate determination and gene expression of goat spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs).Crude testicular cells were plated over Datura-Stramonium Agglutinin (DSA) for 1 h, and non-adhering cells were cultured in the presence of different serum concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15%) for 7 days in a highly enriched medium initially developed in mice. Colonies developed in each group were used for the assessment of morphology, immunocytochemistry, and gene expression.Brief incubation of testicular cells with DSA resulted in a significant increase in the number of cells that expressed the germ cell marker (VASA). The expression of THY1, a specific marker of undifferentiated spermatogonia, was significantly higher in colonies developed in the presence of 1% rather than 5, 10 and 15% serum.Goat SSCs could proliferate and maintain in SSC culture media for 1 week at serum concentrations as low as 1%, while higher concentrations had detrimental effects on SSC culture/expansion.

In addition to its key role in complex motor function, the cerebellum is increasingly recognized to have a role in cognition. Thus, motor and cognitive deficits can be associated with cerebellar degeneration. After unilateral lesion in cerebellum (folia VI) was caused by Quinolinic acid, CM-DiI labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which were isolated and purified from bone marrow, were transplanted into the damaged folium. Motor function was assessed using the cylinder test, rotarod, hanging wire and beam balance during 6 weeks after transplantation. Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze learning paradigm in 3 weeks after transplantation. Six weeks after transplantation surviving MSCs were detectable in QA-treated animals. The MSC-transplanted group showed markedly improved functional performance in spatial memory, motor learning, locomotor asymmetry, dysmetria, abnormality in neuromuscular strength and equilibrium 2-6 weeks compared with the controls. We found that cerebellar lesions produced deficits (folia VI) in motor and cognitive aspects of a spatial task. The results indicate that transplantation of MSCs can significantly reduce the behavioral abnormalities of these animals during six weeks after engraftment. According to results of this assay, cell therapy by means of bone marrow derived adult stem cells promises for treatment of cerebellar diseases.

This paper develops a theoretical model of mergers and applies it to the largest vehicle manufacturing firms in Iran, namely: Iran Khodrou and Saipa. The paper concentrates on the joint profit maximization and multidivisional firm approach. We estimate the relevant demand and cost functions based on a panel data procedure. Our empirical results indicate that if the insider firms cooperate in the post- merger situation and maximize their joint profit, the profitability of the merger to the insiders and outsiders will depend on reaction of the insiders to the production of one another; the merger would be socially unprofitable. When the insiders’ reaction is modeled, insiders profit from the merger, but outsiders loose and vise versa. If the insiders form a two divisional firm after the merger and the production decisions at each division is delegated to the manager of that same division, then the merger is profitable socially, but costly from the standpoint of the outsiders. There is no evidence of private profitability in this kind of mergers.

In this paper a new method for modeling semiconductor devices by use of the drift-diffusion (DD) model and neural networks is presented. Unlike the hydrodynamic (HD) model which is complicated, time consuming with high processing cost, the proposed method has lower complexity and lower simulation time. In this method the RBF neural network has been used for correcting parameters in the drift-diffusion model. Therefore solving approximate model (DD) causes to obtain accurate response. The proposed method is first applied to a silicon n-i-n diode in one dimension, and then to a silicon thin-film MOSFET in two-dimensions, both for interpolation and extrapolation. The obtained results for basic variables, i.e., electron and potential distribution for different voltages, confirm the high efficiency of the proposed method.

Background: The purpose of this research was to determine histomorphometric changes in busulfan-induced azoospermia after transplantation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells (AdSCs) in guinea pig. AdSCs were isolated from adipose tissue around the testes of guinea pigs and characterized for mesenchymal properties. Materials and Methods: Guinea pigs were allocated into three groups, including the control group without any intervention. To induce azoospermia, groups 2 and 3 received a dose of 40 mg/kg of busulfan with 21 days interval. Group 3 received 1×106 AdSCs in their seminiferous tubules of left testes, 35 days following last busulfan injection, while right testis in the group was considered for comparison as controls. Sixty days following transplantation of cell, histomorphometric and histopathologic changes of the experiments were assessed. Results: After AdSCs’ transplantation, normal spermatogenesis appearance was noticed compared to busulfan-induced azoospermia and AdSCs recovered spermatogenesis, and our findings can be added to the literature in treating azoospermic infertilities. Conclusion: The transplanted AdSCs could induce production of germinal cells using testicular seminiferous tubules and were an effective source in treating azoospermia

A carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) has been studied based on the Schrödinger–Poisson formalism. To improve the saturation range in the output characteristics, new structures for CNTFETs are proposed. These structures are simulated and compared with the conventional structure. Simulations show that these structures have a wider output saturation range. With this, larger drain-source voltage (Vds) can be used, which results in higher output power. In the digital circuits, higher Vds increases noise immunity.