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Coxiella burnetiiis an obligate and gram-negative bacteria causing query fever (Q fever) disease, despite the importance of Q fever, there is no universal vaccine against this disease. Therefore, application of the recombinant subunit vaccines which use Com1 and OmpH as immunogenic proteins can be useful in this regard. To perform the current project, Com1 and OmpH genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, then, the PCR products were purified by DNA precipitation technique. In order to clone, first, both genes along with the pET-22b(+) vector were digested by NcoI and XhoI enzymes and then, Com1 and OmpH genes were ligated in linear vectors by T4 DNA ligase. The recombinant vectors were transformed in BL21 (DE3) strain of Escherichia coli and expression was induced by 1 mM Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside. Expression of Com1 and OmpH was investigated using 12% Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Finally, both proteins were purified by Ni-NTA columns and consequently confirmed by western blotting. The results of assessing 1% agarose gel showed that PCR amplification, DNA precipitation, and digestion of both genes were successfully performed.Theresults of colony PCRs and sequencing revealed that Com1 and OmpH were correctly cloned in pET-22b(+) vector. Finally, the results of expression, purification, and western blotting of both proteins showed thatBL21 (DE3) strain of Escherichia colicould be able to express Com1 and OmpH proteins. Based on the collected data, it seems that Escherichia coli as an affordable and simple host can be applied to express Com1 and OmpH genes. It should be mentioned that products of the present project can be examined as recombinant subunit vaccines against Q fever.

Background & aim: Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics in the clinical isolates, in most cases is caused by β-lactamase enzymes. In recent years, The incidence of broad-spectrum β-lactamase enzymes (ESBLs) among clinical isolates especially E.coli is greatly increased, since the β-lactamase have several subfamilies, using universal primers designed to detect the following complete families could be useful. β-lactamase producing enzymes (ESBLs) of E. coli has created many problems for patients. β-lactamase CTX-M-1 gene is the cause of resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate CTX-M-1gene in E.coli. Methods: In this practical study, susceptibility of isolated bacteria to 13 antibiotics were indicated by disk diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines and strains were analyzed for the presence of widespread β-lactamase enzymes via two-disc synergy method. Thus، the prevalence of CTX-M1 ESBL gene samples were determined using PCR and the data were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: A total of 200 isolates of E.coli were isolated. The presence of CTX-M-1 gene were also isolated using the PCR method. From 200 strains studied, 62 (31%), of strains produced ESBL. After PCR processing of 62 produced ESBL, 43 isolates (69.4%) were identified as CTX-M-1 genes. Also, antibiotic susceptibility test showed the highest percentage of resistance to Cotrimoxazole antibiotic (50%) and the lowest antibiotic resistance to imipenem (0%). Conclusion: The results of this study showed the high percentage of β-lactamase resistance among of E.coli strains. This is a serious public hazard that should be pointed out to measures for preventing this hazard. Considering the sensitivity of the studied beta-lactam resistant isolates and isolates in Iran to imipenem, a carbapenem with a non-beta-lactam antibiotic is recommended for the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by these strains.

The Genomic DNA had been extracted from the liver tissue of the experimental rat groups following 15 weeks of treatment with partial purified L-glutaminase enzyme from E.coli in relation with ethylamine. The DNA samples of all the six treatment groups were amplified by PCR using three different primers specific for determining the presence of P53, bax and G3pdh genes and detect the effect of Ethylenimine and L-glutaminase on the animals at the molecular level. The agarose gel electrophoresis technique used to analyze the PCR amplification products. The result revealed the presence of P53 gene in all treatment groups except for diseased group (T2). This finding demonstrates the mutagenic effect of Ethylenimine that lead to mutation at P53 gene sequence, and therapeutic beneficial of L-glutaminase. Also, there is no PCR amplification product which represent Bax gene sequence for T2 and T5 groups which were administered doses of Ethylenimine, indicating that low doses of L-glutaminase failed to prevent the mutagenic effect of Ethylenimine. While, the G3pd genes is presented only in T2 and T5. Finally, analysis the DNA sequences of the PCR amplified products extracted from liver samples of T2 group treated with Ethylenimine was carried out, then the results were compared with NCBI. The expected mutations were found at thirteen locals and there were only three mutated sequences with the DNA of liver samples from T5 group, while the DNA of animals in group (T6) were showed no mutated regions. The results of this novel study make clear the therapeutic effect of L-glutaminase and how suppress the mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of ethylenimine on P53, Bax, and G3pd genes, and its effect was dose dependent..

Pempek adalah makanan khas Sumatera selatan yang berbahan baku daging ikan giling dan tepung tapioka. Pempek mengandung kadar air dan protein yang tinggi sehingga mudah mengalami kerusakan. Kerusakan pempak ditandai dengan adanya perubahan aroma, tekstur, rasa dan warna pempek. Kerusakan pempek dapat disebabkan oleh adanya pertumbuhan mikroorganisme. Mikroorganisme berbahaya atau patogen yang tidak diperbolehkan terdapat di dalam pempek adalah E.coli, Salmonella dan Staphylococcus aureus, sehingga perlu dilakukan identifikasi dan pengujian. Pempek disimpan pada dua kondisi kemasan yaitu vakum dan tidak vakum, dan disimpan pada suhu dingin dan suhu ruang. Pengujian bakteri patogen pada pempek dilakukan menggunakan SNI 01-2331.1-2006, SNI 01-2332.2-2006, dan SNI 2332.9-2011. Berdasarkan hasil uji, diperoleh bahwa bakteri yang menkontaminasi dan mudah tumbuh pada pempek adalah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dapat tumbuh pada pempek dalam berbagai kondisi kemasan baik vakum dan tidak vakum DOI : https://doi.org/10.33005/jtp.v15i2.2947

We describe four patients with a positive culture of AmpC β-lactamases-producing  Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) , despite the fact that our understanding of plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases (pAmpC) is currently limited. Three out of four cases of AmpC β-lactamases-producing Escherichia coli were isolated from a urine sample, and one was from a peritoneal fluid sample. All four isolates are resistant to cefoxitin disc and were subjected to a confirmatory AmpC phenotypic test (AmpC induction test) and monoplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the determination of six pAmpC genotypes (blaDHA, blaEBC, blaMOX, blaFOX, blaACC, and blaCIT). All four E. coli isolates tested negative for the AmpC induction test, while monoplex PCR analysis was positive only for the blaDHA pAmpC genotype and negative for all five other genotypes (blaEBC, blaMOX, blaFOX, blaACC, and blaCIT). A common clinical characteristic across all patients was fever. One patient was treated for perforated sigmoid diverticulitis, while the other three patients were treated for acute pyelonephritis or urinary tract infections (UTIs). Each patient improved significantly and was successfully discharged., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Jawatankuasa Etika Penyelidikan Manusia USM (JEPeM) issued approval USM/JEPeM/KK/24030266. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: This work was supported by an international grant (Grant no: R504-LR-GAL008-0006150286-T164). Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Salmuna et al.)

Bacterial infection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the cause of gastrointestinal disorders in humans has increased their prevalence. Treatment using natural ingredients can be a choice of therapy because of the minimal side effects. One of the rare plants believed by the community as an antibacterial is stinking vin’e known as the ‘leaf fart’. The purpose of this research is for knowing the activity of the ethanol extract of Paederia foetida L can affect the growth of E.coli. The serial diffusion disc method is being used as the antibacterial activity test. The concentration of this extract are 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, 100% with positive control (ciprofloxacin) and negative control (aqua dest). The inhibition zone diameter characterized the effect of Extract on bacterial growth were 6.16 mm of the concentration 10%, 6.667 mm of the concentration 20%, 7.10 mm of the concentration 40 %, 7.78 mm of the concentration 80%, and 10.03 mm of the concentration 100%. As for the negative control has no effect. The study stated that the higher concentration of antibacterial agent used, the greater the inhibition zone formed. Based on the result of the analysis of the data by using the One-Way ANOVA Test showed a probability value (p) = 0.000 or value (p) < 0.05, that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The conclusion is that the Extract of stinking vin’e has an antibacterial effect on the growth of E.coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have demonstrated the fabrication of Zn 2 GeO 4 nanostructures based SERS substrates and their potential application for the rapid detection of different pathogens. The SERS substrates were grown by a very simple and cheap route using vacuum tube furnace. The structure and morphology of grown SERS substrates were modulated by annealing the samples at different temperatures ranging from 600 °C to 900 °C. E.Coli and MB solutions were placed on the grown SERS substrate and investigated using Micro Raman Mapping System with 633 nm Laser having power 0.75 mW with exposure time of 2s. Raman data demonstrated that SERS substrate which was annealed at 800 °C showed highest enhancement factor of 7.9 × 102 MB signal. Similar enhancement of Raman signal for E. coli was also observed. The strongest Raman signal of E.Coli and MB for SERS substrate which was annealed at 800 °C is due the fact this sample has nanostructure morphology which resulted in the enhancement of Raman signal. Successful identification of E. coli and MB showed the capability of Zn 2 GeO 4 nanostructures to be used for the detection of pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacteria are seriously affecting broiler chickens and the poultry industry in many countries, as well as in Egypt. Both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacterial species have been reported in broiler chickens. The present study aimed to isolate and identify the most common bacteria recovered from apparently healthy broiler chickens by conventional methods and the VITEK system. Samples were taken from 30 broiler chickens of different ages (3 - 5 weeks) from different retail markets in Cairo during the period from January to August 2019. Bacteriological examination of the samples showed both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well. Lysinibacillus sphaericus (n=7), Escherichia coli (n = 5), Proteus species (n = 4), Bacillus cereus (n = 3), with isolation rates of 23.3 %, 16.6 %, 13.3 % and 10 %, were identified. In addition to its pathogenicity and hazardous action, some strains of Lysinibacillus sphaericus have a larvicide effect on some species of mosquitoes. So, further studies and investigations will be conducted to test Lysinibacillus sphaericus and Bacillus cereus isolates for their biological control activity and/or their potency to remove, control, or reduce petroleum hydrocarbon soil contaminants in different localities. It will be used as an alternative control agent for numerous synthetic commercial formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

About 50 isolates of E. coli were identified (83(% from 60 stool sample, and 30 test bacteria which formed biofilm. ZnO-NPs synthesis by Escherichia coli and a white cluster pellet appeared, and absorption peak of UV-Vis. spectroscopy observed at 268 nm. XRD pattern showed the lattice planes of (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103) and (112) agreed to the 2? values of 32.45°, 34.73°, 36.56°, 47.70°, 55.86°, 62.12°and 63.10° respectively, and the diffraction peaks are assigned with the hexagonal phase, while SEM images exhibited that size of the particles ranged between (31.55-45.9) nm. ZnO NPs displayed antibacterial potentiality against pathogenic bacteria, and inhibition zone around ZnO NPs as follows 5, 4, 2, 2, and 2mm for P.aeruginosa, S.aureus, A.baumannii, K.pneumoniae, and E. coli respectively. Also, ZnO NPs was able to decrease biofilm, and results showed that inhibition percentage were (18.6, 27.7, 39.4, and19.6) % against S.aureus, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae, respectively after 48 hours of incubation. A549 cells viability was decreased with increasing the concentration of the ZnO NPs, and the IC50 values of the A549 and WRL cells were 105.8 and 167.3 µg ?mL respectively. In this study, the synthesized ZnO NPs using nonpathogenic E.coli showed antibacterial, antibiofilm and anticancer activities against studied pathogenic bacteria. So, these nanoparticles can be further used in biomedical, pharmaceutical and other applications as an effective antimicrobial and anti-cancerous agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine frequency and pattern of extended spectrum beta lactamase in Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli in bacterial cultures. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology Sahara Medical College Narowal. Period: January to June 2020. Material & Methods: Total 1100 bacterial isolates were studied out of them 655 E.coli and 445 of klebsiella pneumoniae. All samples were subjected to double disc diffusion method using third generation cephalosporin and amoxacillin-clavulanic acid for detection of ESBL. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 24, and results were calculated in the form of frequency, percentage and standard deviation. P-value =0.05 was taken as statistically non-significant. Results: There were 48.9% male and 51.1% female subjects out of 1100 total cases. E.coli was detected in 59.5% and klebsiella in 40.5% samples. Total 44.2% samples were positive for ESBL enzyme. Of 655 E.coli samples 40.8% and of 445 Klebsiella pneumoniae samples 49.2% were positive for ESBL enzyme. Conclusion: It is necessary to detect ESBL positive Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli in laboratory workflow to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics and development of resistance against them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mortality rates has been increased globally due to multidrug resistant (MDR) E.coli and A.baumanii bacterial strains and also there is an emerging resistance of the Enterobacteriaceae family of bacteria to Carbapenem antibiotics (CRE) in Saudi Arabia. The main aim of our research study is to isolate E.coli and A. baumannii bacterial species from various collected clinical samples and to evaluate the MIC and FICI of Colistin, Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem and ZnO NPs and in combination of Colistin, Ciprofloxacin, Meropenem with ZnO NPs. The clinical isolated strains of A. baumannii (MRO-17-13) and A. baumannii (MRO-17–25) was found to be sensitive towards colistin with 0.5 μg/mL concentration, whereas, all the isolated A. baumannii strains showed similar MIC value 2 mg/mL when tested with ZnO NPs, the MIC value for the ZnO NPs was found to be similar for all the E.coli strains 0.25 mg/mL. The effects of all Ciprofloxacin concentrations used in the study were bacteriostatic against E. coli (01UR19006568-01) strain but 1 mg/mL concentration of ZnO NPs alone is showed bactericidal activity, ZnO NPs effect was found to be concentration dependent, as highest concentration of ZnO NPs showed strongest antibacterial effect. In conclusion, more investigation is required to evaluate the acceptable concentration of Zno NPs and antibiotics selected to avoid toxicity and must be tested against more clinically isolated gram-negative bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A Hydro-environmental model developed to model fate and transport of bacteria. • Inverness stormwater pond in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, was used to test the model. • Volume of Fluid and sediment transport models improved the simulation of bacteria. • The middle of the pond was found as the optimal location for withdrawal for reuse. • Tree barriers are shown to reduce transport of bacteria toward the optimal location. This paper presents a three-dimensional CFD based hydro-environmental model that simulates fate and transport of bacteria in water bodies. The model numerically solves unsteady incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations on a structured grid. Free-floating and particle-attached bacteria were modelled separately regarding both fate and transport. Therefore, a sediment transport model was integrated into the main model in order to model particle-attached bacteria transport. In addition, Volume of Fluid approach was implemented to capture the water surface movements. Wind effect was also considered in the modelling using shear stress on the water surface. Since stormwater reuse is the source of some public health concerns, a stormwater pond was chosen as the test case for the model. The model was applied to simulate the distribution of bacterial indicator organisms in the Inverness Stormwater Pond in Calgary, Alberta, which is a large T-shaped pond with several inlets and outlets. The bacteria distribution in the pond was simulated for three rain events that occurred in the area. In six locations of the pond the modelled bacteria distribution was compared to collected data using non-dimensional bacteria concentrations. The comparison showed good agreement and indicated that the middle of the pond, close to the surface had the lowest levels of bacteria and thus, was considered the optimal location for withdrawal for reusing pond water. Furthermore, planting a tree barrier on the north bank of the West wing of the pond was shown to mitigate bacteria transport away from the inlets into the pond body and substantially decrease the risk of contamination at the optimal water withdrawal location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant of c. colocynthis is perennial herbal of the Cucurbitaceous types that is used as a traditional medicinal plant on a Mediterranean tub and equatorial nations. Studies on the antibacterial properties of Citrullus colocynthis leaf extract, Medicinal plants have conventional been used in abortifacient and treats constipation, edema, Infection caused by bacteria, cancer and diabetes problems. The antibacterial efficacy of citrullus colocynthesis (L.) was investigated in this work using five species of pathogenic bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections: E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus spp, Psudomonas auroginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. For the antibacterial test, water and ethanol extract were employed. The ethanolic extract showed inhibitory activity against Escherichia Coli at (100 °C, 80 °C, 60 °C) while Staphylococcus aureus at (100 °C, 80 °C), Streptococcus spp. at (100 °C). Water extract exhibited less or no activity against all types of bacteria. The findings of this investigation indicate that C. colocynthis might be utilized to treat disorders caused by the test organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indiscriminate use of antibiotics promotes the development of antibiotic resistance and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from animal to human microbes, Therefore, alternatives should be introduced. This experiment was conducted to this purpose. The 420 one-day-old Japanese quail randomly were allocated in seven experimental treatments, 3 replicate and 20 quail per replicate. The experimental treatments were control diet, and three level from the protexin and virginiamycin (0.25, 0.50 and 0.75%). Compared with control feed intake was reduced by fed treatments containing protexin and virginiamycin in whole period of experiment (P<0.05). The effect of protexin on live and carcass weight and average daily gain was significant; as live body and carcass weight in protexin group was more than control (P<0.05). The diet containing 0.25% protexin had the highest live and carcass weight. The concentration of all measured blood parameters, excepted for IgA and IgG, affected by protexin and virginiamycin in the diet (P<0.05). The whole colonies of microorganisms, in diet contained 75% protexin or 5% virginiamycin were higher than the control (P>0.05). The Supplemental protexin and virginiamycin resulted to increased the colonies of beneficial bacteria, reduced the population of Escherichia coli, removing of salmonella and increased of the height, width and crypt depth of ileum and jejunum villi in compared to the control. Therefore, the effects of probiotics were matched not only with the effects of antibiotics, but in some cases also had advantages. Therefore, the use of probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics may be recommendable in the diet of birds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to investigate ESBL positivity among E.coli and K.pneumoniae strains isolated from urine samples belonging to individuals who applied to Kars Harakani State Hospital with urinary tract complaints by automated identification system and molecular methods. Material and Method: 5000 urine samples obtained between April and August 2019 were included. The samples were cultured on Mac Conkey and 7% sheep blood agar, identification was done by ID panel of BD Phoenix ™ 100 and antibiotic susceptibility and ESBL activities were determined by AST panel. CTX-M, TEM and SHV genes were analyzed by PCR. Results: 19.5% aerobic bacteria culture positivity was obtained from the urine samples and 120 (13.33%) of them were found to have ESBL activity. 102 (85%) of the isolates were identified as E.coli and 14 (11.67%) as K.pneumoniae. The ESBL positivity was obtained 2.4% for total urine samples, and 2.04% and 0.28% for E.coli and K.pneumoniae, respectively. While the total resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was 57.46%, the most common resistance was observed against cephalosporins (92.53%) and the most common sensitivity (47.19%) was to carbapenems. At least one or more resistance genes were detected in 90.52% of ESBL positive isolates by PCR and CTX-M was the most common resistance gene. While there was no statistically significant relationship between ESBL positivity and age groups, however, a positive relationship was found between ESBL and gender of the patients at a rate of 21.9%. Conclusion: In addition to eliminating risk factors in reducing the incidence of ESBL-related infections, identification of microorganism, disclosure of relevant ESBL profiles and the right antibiotic preference to be developed according to these emerged models are important. It is hoped that this systematic study carried out in a limited location in Kars region of Turkey will benefit in this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic diarrhoea is a frequently presenting complaint by the cattle owners and some presents as non-responsive to routine treatment. Such cases are often a diagnostic challenge because of wide ranging etiologies. In Indian context few data is available on prevalent causes of chronic diarrhoea in bovines. Salmonellosis is one of the important cause of chronic diarrhoea in crossbred cattle. Therefore, the study was conducted to investigate the role of Salmonella in chronic diarrhoea of crossbred cattle and to determine microbiological profile of bile in cattle with chronic idiopathic diarrhoea. Methods: Twenty (n=20) adult dairy cattle presented with the history of chronic diarrhoea at Large Animal Clinics, GADVASU, Ludhiana from September 2015 to June 2016 were selected for the study. Case histories were recorded, faecal, blood and bile samples were collected from 20 animals. Bile was collected through ultrasound guided cholecystocentesis (PUC) from 20 cattle and five healthy cattle. The faecal and bile samples were cultured for isolation and identification of bacterial pathogens using selective and nonselective media with special emphasis on isolation of Salmonella spp. Microscopic examination of faeces were done to rule out parasitic cause of diarrhoea and for acid-fast bacilli (AFB). The serum samples were employed to detect antibodies against Mycobacterium avium spp paratuberculosis using serum ELISA. Result: Investigations have showed culture of bile and faecal did not yield Salmonella spp; however E.coli was isolated from 6 cows (30%), Klebsiella spp in 9 cows (45%) and Pseudomonas spp from 1 cow (5%) from bile culture of diarrhoeic cattle. PCR results of E.coli culture from bile showed hlyA virulence genes which expected band at 534 bp however these isolates were negative for other virulence gene of E.coli. It was observed in this study that bactibilia was associated with chronic diarrhoea in three fourth of the diarrhoeic cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work does address the molecular typing of ten uropathogen clinical strains isolated from urinary tract infections (UTIs) using: ERIC1b-PCR and PCR detection of ChuA, YjaA, and TspE4C2 virulence genes. Ten out of fifty E.coliuropathogen clinical strains were isolated from patients diagnosed as UTIs post culturing of urine samples onto blood agar and Typtone Bile X-Glucuronide (TBX) agar plates. Results of API20E system verified the identity of these ten uropathogens as E.coli. ERIC1b-PCR demonstrated high discrimination power to sort the ten clinical strains into six groups according to the obtained banding pattern of DNA. The frequency of occurrence of the three biomarkers ChuA, YjaA, and TspE4C2 among the ten uropathogenicE.coli clinical strains was 100%, 90, and 90%, respectively. The phylogenetic grouping of the ten uropathogenicE.coli strains based on the presence of these biomarkers revealed 9 strains belonged to group B2 (subgroup B23 : chuA+, yjaA+, TspE4.C2+) and only one strain belonged to group D (subgroup D1: chuA+, yjaA-, TspE4.C2- ). The present data would support the superior potential of ERIC1b-PCR for rigorous differentiation among uropathogenE.coli clinical strains in comparison to the potential of Clermont et al method . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: E.coli is the most common organism causing UTI. Inappropriate and widespread use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has resulted in development of multi-drug resistance and β-lactamases producing strains. Aims and Objective: To assess β-lactamase production and multi-drug resistance among uropathogenic E.coli isolates. Materials and Methods: A total of 145 E.coli urinary isolates were included in this study. The isolated organisms were identified by conventional microbiological procedures. Antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were screened for extended spectrum β-lactamase production and confirmed by phenotypic confirmatory double disc synergy test. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin were considered potential AmpC producers confirmed by AmpC disc test and modified three dimensionsl test. Isolates resistant to imipenem and meropenem were considered potential carbapenemase producers and confirmed by mCIM test. Results: Out of 145 isolates 91 (62.76%) were isolated from males and 54 (37.24%) from females. Majority of the isolates were obtained from the age group of 21-30 years (48.96%) followed by 31-40 years (14.48%). Highest susceptibility was seen towards fosfomycin (94.48%), tigecycline (87.59%), nitrofurantoin (77.24%). Highest resistance of 81.38% was observed against ampicillin while more than 70.0% resistance observed with cefazolin, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and amoxiclav. Multi-drug resistance was observed in 85.51% isolates and 4.14% were found to be possible XDR. Among these isolates frequency of β-lactamase production was ESBL (45.51%), AmpC (28.96%) and carbapenamase (28.96%). Conclusion: Drug resistance due to β-lactamases production is emerging as a serious threat in UTI; routine screening of these β-lactamases will prevent treatment failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antimicrobial prospective of neem leaf and bark extracts against gram-positive and gram negative bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas aruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus), which are mainly food spoilage bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of neem leaves and bark were measured by the disc diffusion method against three bacterial species viz. E.coli, Pseudomonas aruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus by aqueous and Methanolic extract. The efficacy of these extracts was tested against those bacteria through agar-diffusion method employing 50 5ØßL plant extract solution. According to the findings of the antibacterial assay, the methanol extracts of neem leaves and bark showed inhibitory activity against gram-positive and gram negative bacteria. The methanol extract had an antibacterial activity with mean zones of inhibition of 0.9 to 1.05 cm. Thus Neem leaves can prove to be very good antimicrobial agent as already discussed in Hindu vedic books. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medicinal plants represent an important source of medically important compounds. Since ancient time, medicinal plants are used to cure several types of health problems. Systemic analysis of these plants provides a variety of bioactive molecules for the development of newer pharmaceutical products. Similarly, In India, Azadirachta indica (Neem), Lantana camara and Eucalyptus alba has been commonly used as hygiene tools. Different types of studies have demonstrated that these plants have antibacterial, antiplaque, anticarious effects. To test the efficacy of these plants and effect of pollution on these plant's efficacy, this study has been designed to test under given conditions on the E. coli culture. Aqueous and Methanolic extracts of three plants i.e. Neem, Lantana and Eucalyptus selected from non-polluted and polluted areas, were separately used on culture of E. coli and efficacy were measured in terms of colony forming units. Results were found to be encouraging to show the effect of Tannery pollution on the efficacy of selected plants with their antibacterial efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although literature data associate the reason of swine edema-disease with certain serotypes of Escherichia coli bacteria, the authors assume that the primary cause of edema is more different. Susceptible agents and factors, mostly of feed compound are involved. During the digestion of some feed-origin protein opiate-like metabolites, exorphins arise, simultaneously arrest the release of acetylcholine. Consequences of acetylcholine shortage are spasm of sphincters (mostly pylorus), intestine-dilatation, contraction of bladder-sphincter, and urine retention. The endorphins and exorphins intensify the insulin release from the pancreas, hypoglycemia evolves, which is associated with loss of balance. According to the authors in edema-disease piglet dies because of hypoglycemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Nowadays, microbial phytases have been widely used as feed additives that increase the bioavailability of phosphorus for monogastric animals. Still, there is an active search for new phytases, development of effective production systems, and study of their properties. In this study, we compared the biochemical characteristics of bacterial histidine acid phytase of Pantoea sp. 3.5.1 produced in three different expression systems: Escherichia coli, methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris, and yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. The maximum activity of the recombinant phytase AgpP-P expressed by P. pastoris occurred at pH 4.0, while the pH optimum of the recombinant AgpP-Y phytase expressed by Y. lipolytica is shifted towards more acidic pH 3.0. The recombinant AgpP-P enzyme is stable at pH values ​​from 2.0 to 5.0, while the AgpP-Y remains active at pH values ​​from 3.0 to 7.0; however, at pH above 8.0, the enzyme becomes inactive. The temperature optimum of recombinant AgpP-P phytase corresponded to 50 °С, while the temperature optimum for AgpP-Y was at 45 °С. The recombinant enzymes AgpP-P and AgpP-Y retained activity at temperatures from 4 to 70 °C and from 4 to 60 °C, respectively. Bivalent metal ions at a concentration of 1 mM had the same effect on the activity of recombinant phytases from E. coli, P. pastoris, and Y. lipolytica: Ca2 +, Mg2 +, and Mn2 + ions more than doubled the activity of enzymes, while Co2 + did not affect the activity of phytases, while ions Zn2 +, Cu2 +, and Fe2 + inhibited the activity of enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amaç:Safra kesesinde mikroorganizma varlığı ile postoperatif yara enfeksiyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi bildiren birçok çalışma vardır. Akut kolesistit, kolanjit, tıkanma sarılığı, diyabetes mellitus veya hastanın yaşının 60'ın üzerinde olması, safra kültürlerinde bakteriyel kolonizasyonunu arttırmaktadır .Bu nedenle çalışmamızda elektif safra kesesi cerrahisi sonrası safra sıvısından alınan mikrobiyolojik kültürün hasta kliniği ve yara iyileşmesi üzerine etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem:Araştırma hastaneden izin alındıktan sonra Ocak 2016 ve Nisan 2017 tarihleri arasında yapıldı.Çalışma cinsiyet ve yaş sınırı ayrımı olmaksızın randominize seçilen, ASA 1-2 231 elektif laparoskopik kolesistetomi (LC) uygulanan hasta üzerinde yapıldı.Açık kolesistektomi ve laparoskopiden açığa dönülen hastalar çalışmaya dahil edilmedi.Ameliyat günü standart laparoskopik kolesistektomi uygulandı.Safra kesesi epigastrik 10 mm trokar yerinden vücut dışına alınmadan önce 10 cc steril enjetörle safra sıvısı alındı.Alınan numune mikrobiyoloji labaratuvarına gönderildi.Ameliyat sonlandırıldı.Hastalar sefuroksim reçete edilerek ertesi gün komplikasyonsuz taburcu edilip, 10 gün sonra yara değerlendirilmesi açısından kontrole çağrıldı.Kültürde üreme olan hastalar erken çağrıldı.Genel durum ve yara iyileşmeleri değerlendirildi.Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) programından yararlanıldı.Pearson Chi-Square testi kullanıldı. P değerinin lt;0.05 olmasının, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farkın varlığını gösterdiği kabul edildi.Bulgular:Hastaların yaş ortalaması 51(19-87), çoğunlukla 4.ve 5. dekatta yer almaktaydı. 181’i kadın ,50’si erkek di.% 12,1 (n=28) hastanın ameliyat öncesi safra kesesi duvar kalınlığı 3mm’nin üzerindeydi.164 hastada safra kesesinde birden fazla taş mevcuttu.125 hastada 1 cm ve üzeri taş boyutu vardı. 231 hastadan alınan safra kültüründen 22’sinde(%9,5) üreme oldu.Üreyen bakterilerin çoğunluğu E.Koli ve Klebsiella’ydı. %24,7 hastanın Wbc değeri, %9,5 hastanın Rbc değeri ameliyat öncesi yüksekti(Tablo 1-2).Duvar kalınlığı ve yaş alınan külürde üreme açısından istatiksel olarak anlamlı(sırayla p=0,022,p=0,01) bulunmasına rağmen safra kesisinde taşın boyutu, taş sayısı, cinsiyet, ameliyat öncesi Wbc değeri ve Rbc değerleri arasında istatiksel anlamlılık bulunamadı(p gt;0,05).Ayrıca üreme olan hastalarda safra kesesi duvar kalınlığı artmış hastalarla karşılaştırıldığında diğer parametreler arasında istatiksel olarak anlamlılık tespit edilmedi(p gt;0,05)(Tablo 3). Üreme olan hastalarda enfeksiyona sekonder klinik semptomlara rastlanılmadığı gibi cerrahi alan enfeksiyonuna da rastlanılmadı. Tartışma ve Sonuç:Safra kültürü pozitiflik oranları yapılmış çalışmalar arasında farklılık göstermektedir.Bu farklılık, çalışmalarda akut ve kronik kolesistit vakalarının oranındaki farklılıktan kaynaklanabilmektedir.Çalışmamızda safra kesesi duvar kalınlığı artmış hastalarda duvar kalınlığı ile bakteri üremesi arasından istatiksel anlamlılık tespit edilmiştir. 231 hastadan alınan safra kültürlerinde %9.5 (n=22) pozitiflik bulunmasına rağmen ülkemizde daha önce yapılan iki çalışmada bu oran %27 ve %36 olarak bulunmuştu. Safra yolu infeksiyonlarından en sık sorumlu etkenler Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. ve Enterococcus spp. olarak bildirilmektedir. Çalışmamızda da literatürle uyumlu olarak E.koli ve Klepsiella tespit edildi.Elektif LC’de risk faktörü olmayan hastalarla yapılan randomize çalışmalarda enfeksiyon riskinin düşük olduğu ve profilaksinin faydalı olmayacağı belirtilmektedir .Birçok cerrah profilaktik antibiyotiklerin LC'de postoperatif enfeksiyon komplikasyonlarının insidansını azaltacağına inanmakta ve LC'de profilaktik antibiyotik kullanımı hala popülerdir. Bizde çalışmamızda ameliyata sefozolin 1 gr profilaksisi ile başladık.AncakShindholimath V. et al. nın düşüncelerinin tersine çalışma sonrasında üreme olan 231 hastadan 22’sinde herhangi bir enfeksiyona bağlı semptomun olmamasını hem proflikasi olarak verilen hemde ameliyat sonrasında rutin olarak reçete edilen sefuroksim’e bağlıyoruz. Literatür ve çalışmamızın sonuçuna göre; elektif kolesistektomi sonrası her nekadar antibiyotik gerekmesede, hastadan veya hastanın yaşadığı çevreden kaynaklanan bakteriyal kontaminasyon olabileceği ve budurum hasta için enfeksiyon açısından bir patansiyel oluşturabileceğini düşünmekteyiz. Biz elektif safra kesesi cerrahisi öncesi ve sonrasında rutin olarak antibiyotik kullanılmasını önermekteyiz.

Abstract E.coli and P. aeruginosa bacterial infection on Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus . Isolation and identification diagnosis which that on these species affected, biochemical test and clinical signs. Samples of the Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus Gray, 1864 were collected from East Hammar marshes during summer season of the year 2016 .The infection isolated with a percent of 40%. Clinical Finding obvious that the incidence of E.coli and P. aeruginosa infection. Some of Soft shell turtle show clinical abnormalities with E.coli and P. aeruginosa . The most common clinical signs were external haemorrhage, Histopathological changes revealed degeneration and necrosis in all organs associated with Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and melanomacrophage cells were detected in all turtle tissues. This study showed that P.aeruginosa infection is common in the Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus . So, this study was designed to make a survey of bacterial infestation of Soft shell turtle Rafetus euphraticus Gray, 1864 East Hammar marshes during the summer of 2016.

Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) is a small peptide with 70 amino acids and 7.6 kDa molecular weight that acts as the major mediator of growth hormone. According to the previous studies, recombinant production of human IGF-1 (rhIGF-1) in E. coli has resulted in an inactive form of protein (inclusion body). There are several strategies to transform inclusion body to a soluble form. Production in the form of fusion proteins as a suitable strategy, helps researcher in recombinant production of proteins in the soluble and active form. In current study, NusA fusion protein was used to produce IGF-1 soluble form, instead of insoluble protein. In previous study, rhIGF-1 was optimally expressed in inclusion body with 1.2 g/L concentration. rhIGF1 -NusA construct was cloned and expressed in E. coli, then, cell lysate was analyze by SDS-PAGE and densitometry techniques, to assay soluble and insoluble form of rhIGF-1. Results showed that rhIGF-1 concentration in soluble phase was 0.14 g/L, indicating that about 12% of total expression of rhIGF-1 was in the soluble form through NusA-fusion protein strategy. These results confirmed that some fusion proteins like NusA could improve the solubility of recombinant proteins expressed in heterogeneous bacterial hosts. HIGHLIGHTS • Fusion proteins is a suitable strategy for recombinant production of proteins in e soluble form. • NusA fusion tag improves the solubility of recombinant proteins expressed in bacterial hosts. • NusA fusion protein convert IGF-1 insoluble form to soluble form in E. coli.

Optimasi komposisi Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophilus pada yogurt terfortifikasi buah lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) sebagai antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli telah dilakukan. Yogurt dibuat dengan memfermentasikan susu bubuk full cream dengan penambahan variasi kultur bakteri L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus, serta penambahan ekstrak buah lakum. Proses fermentasi sangat bergantung pada kultur bakteri yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi optimal bakteri L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus pada yogurt terfortifikasi buah lakum sebagai antibakteri pada E. coli. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara memvariasikan komposisi bakteri L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus pada yogurt buah lakum. Analisis terhadap yogurt buah lakum dilakukan dengan pengujian stabilitas keasaman, pH, kadar antosianin dan aktivitas daya hambat terhadap bakteri E.coli. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa yogurt buah lakum dengan kombinasi L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus 2:1 (v/v) memberikan stabilitas yang baik selama penyimpanan dengan nilai keasaman yang meningkat dan pH yang turun. Kadar antosianin dalam yogurt selama penyimpanan mengalami penurunan dan yogurt plain (tanpa penambahan ekstrak buah lakum) dengan kombinasi L. bulgaricus dan S. thermophilus 2:1 (v/v) memiliki daya hambat terhadap bakteri E. coli dengan nilai yang paling tinggi. Optimization of composition of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus in yoghurt fortified by lakum fruit (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin) extract as an antibacterial against Escherichia coli was investigated for the first time in this research. Yoghurt was made by fermenting milk with several compositions of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus as starter cultures and also adding lakum fruit extract as an antibacterial against E. coli. The fermentation process was depended on the bacterial culture used. The aim of the research was to determine the optimal composition of L. Bulgaricus and S. thermophilus bacteria in lakum fruit yoghurt as an antibacterial against E. coli. The research was done by making variation of composition of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus bacteria culture in lakum fruit yoghurt. Lakum fruit yoghurt was analysed with acidity stability test, pH, anthocyanin level and inhibitory activity against E. coli. The data analysis was done with MANOVA (Multivariate Analysis of Variance). The results showed that lakum fruit yoghurt with composition of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus 2:1 (v/v) had a good stability with increased acidity dan decreased pH. The value of anthocyanin in lakum fruit yogurt decreased and plain yoghurt (without lakum fruit extract) with composition of L. bulgaricus and S. thermophilus 2:1 (v/v) gave the highest inhibitory value against E. coli.

Transmission of pathogenic microorganisms from contaminated surfaces to hands could cause various diseases. In this study, the microbiological status of shopping carts was investigated in İzmir. To determine where the samples will be taken from and to get user’s opinions about hygiene, a survey was carried out. Total of 100 samples were taken from shopping carts in 20 different markets between February and April, and total viable counts and Escherichia coli counts were applied in samples. Total viable counts of shopping cart handles for 100 samples were found between 0,82– 4,88 log CFU/10 cm2. Coliforms and E.coli were not found in the analysed samples. According to the results, it is seen that the shopping carts have different levels of microbial load; the market environment and the users are effective on these profiles. It has been determined that cleaning and disinfection processes should be applied to improve the hygienic condition of shopping carts and high numbers of microorganisms in the shopping cars might be a potential risk for public health.

The work was implemented to evaluate the pathogenicity of H9N2 when co-infected with the E.coli. Avian influenza H9N2 virus strain A/chicken/Egypt/1618F/2016 which was isolated from Luxor province during 2016 and E.coli serotype O78 were used in this research. Sixty SPF birds were divided into 6 groups of ten birds each. At age 21 days, group 1 was inoculated with H9N2 only, group 2 received E.coli and three days later received H9N2, group 3 inoculated with H9N2 and after three days received E.coli, group 4 was challenged with E.coli and H9N2 at the same time, group 5 was inoculated with E.coli only, and group 6 was designed as a negative group. Clinical signs, postmortem examination, and serological examination were monitored for 15 days. The H9N2 virus presence was assessed in tracheal and cloacal swabs using real-time PCR. The most severe signs and lesions were observed in groups (3, and 4), with also high mortality rate than other groups with a percentage of 20%. Groups 3, and 4 showed a longer duration in virus shedding in the tracheal and cloacal samples. The hemagglutination inhibition test, group 4 showed high HI antibody titer against AIV-H9N2 antigen than other groups, while group 2 showed the lowest HI antibody titer against AIV-H9N2 antigen than other groups that received only the H9N2 virus. In conclusion, the outcomes of this study revealed that the infection of H9N2 with E.coli can exacerbate the clinical outcomes and mortality rates which leads to higher economic losses in chicken flocks.

Nucleophilic substitution and electrophilic of 4-Chloro-7-hydroxy-chromen-2-one are yielded compounds 4-(2,6-Dihydroxy –pyrimidin-4-ylamino )-2-oxo-2H-chromen -3-sulfonyl chloride (1a), {4-[Bis-(2-chloro-ethyl)-amino]-7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-3-yl}-phosphonic acid (2a), (3-Formyl-7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromen-4-yl)-dithiocarbamic acid(3a). Characterization synthetized chemical compounds was done by FTIR and NMR spectra and analysis of chemical composition of elements. Monitorization of antibacterial effect of synthesized compounds a,b,c was monitored at concentrations 2, 3, 5 mg/ml in three bacterial microorganism cultures: Staph. Aureus, E-coli and Bac. Cereus. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compound was compared to antibacterial activity of standard antibiotics cephalexine and streptomycin.

Abstract Background There are limited studies focusing on liver abscess with negative microbiological cultures. This study evaluated the clinical and prognostic differences of patients with culture-negative liver abscess (CNLA) compared to those with a positive culture (CPLA) and compared these factors between K. pneumoniae liver abscess (KLA) and E. coli liver abscess (ELA). Methods A retrospective study of the patients who admitted with a liver abscess at two tertiary hospitals in Korea from 2012 to 2016 was performed. Results Among a total of 402 patients with liver abscess, 61.2% had positive cultures. K. pneumoniae (n = 133) was the most common cause, followed by E. coli (n = 74). Patients with CPLA were significantly older (p = 0.02) and more frequently had cholelithiasis or biliary tract disease (p = 0.001) compared to patients with CNLA. In-hospital mortality (p = 0.63) and recurrence (p = 0.77) were no different between the two groups. The length of hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with CPLA (p = 0.03) compared with those with CNLA. Subgroup analysis for patients who received 3rd generation cephalosporins empirically showed that in-hospital mortality (p = 0.18) and recurrence (p = 0.27) were not also significantly different. Cholelithiasis, or biliary tract disease (p = 0.001), liver disease (p = 0.001), malignancy (p = 0.0001), and ESBL production (p = 0.0001) were found more frequently in patients with ELA compared with those with KLA. Conclusions The prognosis of the CNLA patients was similar to that of the CPLA patients, although the length of hospital stay was shorter in the CNLA patients. The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the ELA patients are somewhat different than those of the KLA patients.

Samples of internal organs (liver, heart, spleen, kidney and intestinal contents) were aseptically collected from 120 freshly died newly weanling rabbits and subjected to isolation and identification of the causative bacterial pathogens. The causative pathogens were isolated and identified biochemically. E.coli and Salmonella (the major associated pathogens) were typed serologically and tested for antimicrobial agents. The bacterial infection prevalence rate was Escherichia coli (56.6%), Salmonella spp. (27.5%), Enterobacter spp. (7.5%), Citrobacter spp. (5%) and Proteus spp. (3.3%). Out of the 68 infections with E.coli, 30 were serotyped as O125 (ten), O127 (six), O128 (five), O86 (five) and untyped (four). Out of the 33 Salmonella infections, seven were serotyped as serovar S. goldcoast (four) and serovars S. magherafelt (three). E.coli serogroups were resistant to the majority of used antimicrobial and were sensitive only to Sulphamethazole. Both Salmonella serovars were sensitive to most antimicrobial used in this study but they were resistant to amoxicillin. Both infected rabbit groups with E.coli and Salmonella demonstrated obvious histopathological alterations in the intestine, liver and spleen. Both E.coli (O86) and Salmonella goldcoast were used for experimental infection of weanling rabbits (6-8 weeks). Five days post-infection and after observation of the clinical symptoms, animals were sacrificed and tissue samples from the intestine, liver, kidney and spleen were examined histopathologically. Utmost care must be taken around the time of weaning in rabbits.

Urinary tract infection is common among pregnant women. It can be either asymptomatic or symptomatic. This study was done on 225 pregnant women which comprised of both asymptomatic and symptomatic urinary tract infection in the Department of Microbiology Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna and Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology GLA University, Mathura. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in the present study was 7.42%, while for symptomatic cases it was 76%. E.coli was the commonest organism responsible for bacteriuria. Semi quantitative culture remains the gold standard for detecting bacteriuria. Of the different antibiotics used Amikacin, Nitrofurantoin, Meropenem, Piperacillin-Tazobactum were the most effective drugs in order to treat bacteriuria.

In Sri Lanka, among 2588 Salmonella positive cases, the highest incidences were recorded from Jaffna peninsula during 2005 to 2013. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify the microbiological and chemical contamination status of groundwater (40 well water) sources in Jaffna during November 2016. The total coliform, E. coli, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. along with some physico-chemical parameters of groundwater were studied. The results revealed that entire peninsula was contaminated with total coliform and E. coli bacteria and the parameters recorded were not within the WHO and SLS (Sri Lanka Standards) drinking water quality standards. 38% of sampling locations were positive for Salmonella spp. and among them six sampling locations were being used for drinking purposes. The results of the study correlates with the statistics of typhoid cases recorded in Jaffna. Results of the study also revealed that around 80% of wells were not within the values specified in guidelines of the SLS for drinking water quality on electrical conductivity. Further, 15% of wells recorded greater than 10 mgꞏdm–3 nitrate, which is still below the SLS drinking water standards (45 mgꞏdm–3). According to the water quality data, PCA analysis showed that Jaffna town, Nallur, Tellippalai and Kopay DS divisions has similar characteristics for water quality.

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a neuropeptide known to regulate reproduction in vertebrates. Different analogues of synthetic GnRH are used to induce final sexual maturation in fish breeders. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the expression of recombinant GnRH (rGnRH) in Escherichia coli BL21 to produce recombinant hormone. In the present research, the sequence of DNA related to designed fish GnRH was cloned in pET28a+. The cloning was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and specific primers. Recombinant vector pET28a+/GnRH was transformed into the expression host, E.coli BL21 (DE3). The transformation was confirmed using colony PCR. The transformed bacteria were cultured in LB medium containing kanamycin antibiotic at 37° C at overnight then, induced with 1 mM IPTG. After induction, the bacteria were cultured in two different times and temperatures including 37° C for 6 h and 20° C for 24 h. The protein expression was determined by SDS-PAGE analysis. A band of expected size (186 base pair) of amplification from the gene transmitted to the bacteria was detected on the agarose gel. The 8-kD band of peptide expression was observed in the SDS-PAGE gel and the expression level in 20° C for 24 h was higher than 37° C for 6 h. The result showed that GnRH from fish had the possibility of producing in the prokaryotic expression system and after optimization, it can be introduced as a specific homologous for the treatment of reproductive disorders in fish.

Introduction: Bacteria that are able to form biofilms can lead to chronic antibiotic-resistant infections and immunomodulatory effects. Iron and other bivalent metals are essential requirements for biofilm formation by bacteria. Escherichia coli is the most predominant agent causing urinary tract infection (UTI). This study aimed to assess the effects of bivalent metals (iron, zinc, cobalt, and copper) on biofilm formation by E. coli isolated from hospitalized patients suffering from UTI. Methods: A total of 110 E. coli were isolated from 200 UTI patients referred to Farmanieh hospital in Tehran, Iran. E. coli was confirmed by culture specific media, biochemical tests, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. To determine the antibiotic resistance, the Kirby-Bauer disk method was used and the biofilm formation was assessed using microtiter plate assay and electron microscopy. Finally, the data were analyzed via paired t test using the SPSS software. Results: Based on our results, out of 110 urine samples containing E. coli, the highest and the lowest resistance were observed to ampicillin (90%) and amikacin (53%), respectively. The biofilm development was intensified in the presence of glucose and iron. The results also indicated that biofilm formation was inhibited by the use of bivalent metal ions including zinc, cobalt, and copper, with the maximum effect obtained for zinc (P

The present study is focused on the synthesis of hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium encapsulated silicovanadate [C19H39N](HSiV10O28) by sol–gel and hydrothermal method. The compounds have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC), and UV–visible spectroscopy. Antibacterial trial shows that the synthesized compounds have a potential synergistic effect with β-lactam antibiotics against uropathogenic Escherichia coli to treat urinary tract infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jordanian standards (JS893/2006) governing the reuse of treated wastewater (TWW) in agricultural irrigation only permit the use of drip and/or surface irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation has restricted uses as an application system such as for golf courses fields and only during the night. This research was conducted to investigate the impact of using drip and sprinkler irrigation systems using TWW on soil nutrients and crop quality. Three fields were irrigated with TWW (i) Alfalfa using sprinkler (AS), (ii) Barley using sprinkler (BS), and (iii) Barley using drip (BD). To give a comparison, another barley field received only rainwater (BR). Results showed that no E.coli was detected (< 3 MPN/gm) on the plants (alfalfa and barley) irrigated with TWW using either drip or sprinkler. The negligible presence of E. coli, if any, in the middle and lower parts of the alfalfa plant could be attributed to the sampling time and the dense canopy of alfalfa. Results revealed that irrigation systems have no significant effect on soil chemical properties. However, the effect of TWW on soil chemical properties was significant. The significant increase in soil chemical properties could be attributed to the TWW content and the amount of TWW applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since it is the most abundant bacteria in the flora, resistance to E. coli, especially the development of carbapenemase-producing strains, is one of the undesired situations. In our hospital, E. coli isolates with OXA-48 resistance gene were isolated from the clinical samples of two patients. It is thoughtThat it would be beneficial to report these cases in order to report the isolation of E. coli isolates with OXA-48 resistance gene and to prevent the spread of this resistance ge ne in these microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deleting the gene for small RNA GcvB in Escherichia coli was found to increase the sensitivity to several aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as neomycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, kasugamycin and spectinomycin, at low concentrations. GcvB, conserved in gram-negative enteric bacteria, is known to negatively control the expression of many genes for amino acid incorporation systems, especially the periplasmic ABC-transporter proteins. Deletions of several amino acid transporter genes in ΔgcvB cells decreased the antibiotic sensitivity to the wild-type level, suggesting that those genes are involved in uptake of aminoglycosides into the cell. Since GcvB is constitutively synthesized in growing cells, repressing synthesis of amino acid transporters, it contributes to the intrinsic resistance to several aminoglycoside antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Ecology is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Neonatal diarrhea is the main cause of early mortality and morbidity in farm animals and the source of huge, direct and indirect, economic husbandry losses. Escherichia coli, a common harmless commensal bacterium, can turn into a main diarrheal pathogen through antibiotic resistance and the expression of genetically acquired virulence factors. In this study, fecal samples obtained from eight farms of animals with clinical signs characteristic of diarrhea were subjected to culture and bacterial isolation. Colonies suggestive of E. coli were identified through morphological and biochemical characteristics. Susceptibility tests to the main veterinary antibacterial agents were conducted using agar disk diffusion followed by phenotypical detection of extended-spectrum ?-lactamase (ESBL). A total of 301 colonies were characterized as E. coli and, out of the 192 that were tested, 134 showed resistance to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs and were classified as multidrug resistant (MDR), and 14 were ESBL positive. Bacterial DNA was extracted for multiplex PCR (mPCR) using primers to detect ten different genes of diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC). Thirty-six bacterial strains were positive in the mPCR assay, 28 of which were classified as enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and eight as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The high prevalence of MDR strains and the detection of ESBL denote the presence of resistance genes in animal husbandry; thus, it is important to isolate and characterize those pathogens and test antimicrobial sensitivity in vitro to avoid ineffective treatments and the spread of antimicrobial resistance, which are the major concerns of Public Health and One Health.

Introduction: Urosepsis is a serious, life-threatening consequence of a complicated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). It is caused by bacterial infection of the urinary tract or prostate that spreads into the bloodstream. Since urosepsis is associated with a very high mortality rate (20-40%), an early diagnosis and identification of the causative bacteria is important so as to facilitate a prompt treatment with appropriate antibiotics. Nearly 50% cases of urosepsis are caused by the Gram Negative Bacterial (GNB) pathogen, Escherichia coli(E. coli).Aim: To determine the bacteriological profile, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, phenotypic resistance of the organisms associated with urosepsis and to correlate the levels of proinflammatory markers with the clinical outcome of the patient associated with urosepsis.Materials and Methods: This was a prospective observational study including all patients with simultaneously positive urine and blood cultures, with identical bacterial isolate(s). The details of clinical presentation, antibiotic therapy and other relevant information such as C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and Procalcitonin (PCT) values were recorded and analysed using Microsoft office excel 2013.results:E. coli was the commonest isolate (43/53, 81.1%). Of the total 43 E. coli isolates, 4/43 (9.3%) were Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) producers and 23/43 (53.49%) were Carbapenemase producers. Significant rise ofthe proinflammatory markers (PCT>10 ng/mL) and (CRP>100 mg/l) were associated with high mortality (49%). Out of the 53patients,43.4% (23/53) patients had more than oneriskfactorassociated with severe sepsis and poorprognosis.conclusion: Early recognition of symptoms followed by accurate diagnosis and early goal directed therapy is essential to decrease morbidity and mortality from urosepsis.