17,689 results on '"Drescher, A."'
Search Results
152. Canopy structure influences arthropod communities within and beyond tree identity effects: Insights from combining LiDAR data, insecticidal fogging and machine learning regression modelling
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Benjamin Wildermuth, Alice Penanhoat, Holger Sennhenn-Reulen, Dragan Matevski, Jochen Drescher, Mélaine Aubry-Kientz, Dominik Seidel, and Andreas Schuldt
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Biodiversity ,Component-wise boosting ,Insects ,LiDAR ,Structural complexity ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
Forest canopies host an abundant but often neglected diversity of arthropods, which requires careful attention in times of ongoing biodiversity loss. Yet, how tree species composition interacts with canopy structure in shaping arthropod communities remains largely unknown. Here, by combining mobile laser scanning and insecticidal fogging with a machine learning algorithm, we studied which canopy architectural properties affect canopy arthropod communities in monospecific and mixed stands of broadleaved European beech and the coniferous Norway spruce and non-native Douglas fir in Germany. Evaluating the abundances and ecological guild diversity of ∼ 90,000 arthropods and 27 partly novel high-resolution structural variables, we identified vegetation volume and tree species identity as weak predictors of arthropod abundance and ecological guild diversity. In contrast, structural heterogeneity, i.e. structural complexity, vertical layering and variability of canopy gaps—which were highest in coniferous stands—were strong positive drivers. Despite this, arthropod ecological guild diversity was lower in non-native Douglas fir. Mixed stands had intermediate arthropod abundance and ecological guild diversity. Our study shows that habitat heterogeneity and tree species-identity are closely interlinked in shaping associated canopy arthropod communities. Positive effects of habitat heterogeneity on arthropod ecological guild diversity were often uncoupled from resource availability, and the key role of our novel intra-canopy gap indices suggests that they should be considered as indicators in future research on forest heterogeneity-diversity relationships. Broadleaf-conifer mixtures may be suitable to mediate negative tree-species identity effects when adapting forests to global change.
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- 2024
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153. Tailoring microstructure and mechanical properties of an LPBF-processed beta Ti-Nb alloy through post-heat treatments
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S. Pilz, M. Bönisch, A. Datye, S. Zhang, F. Günther, S. Drescher, U. Kühn, U.D. Schwarz, M. Zimmermann, and A. Gebert
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LPBF ,Titanium alloy ,Heat treatment ,Implant applications ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
This study provides a comprehensive analysis of a Ti‑42Nb alloy produced via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with varying post-heat treatment durations within the α + β phase range at 723 K. Synchrotron XRD analysis revealed the formation of the metastable orthorhombic αiso'' phase during heat treatment, acting as an intermediate to the stable α phase. With prolonged heat treatment, the αiso'' phase fraction increased, reaching approximately 25 % after 108.0 ks. SEM analysis identified β grain boundaries as primary sites for early αiso'' precipitation, while intragranular αiso'' precipitation was delayed. Up to 28.8 ks, volume fraction and size of intragranular precipitates exhibited notable variations due to minor Nb content fluctuations from LPBF processing, resulting in an increased spread of hardness and Young's modulus on the micro scale. Tensile tests revealed significant strength enhancement through post-heat treatment for 108 ks compared to the as-built state, achieving a yield strength of around 1060 MPa (50 % increase) and ultimate tensile strength of 1125 MPa (55 % increase). Extended growth of the αiso'' phase led to an increased Young's modulus, reaching 87 GPa after 108.0 ks. These findings provide valuable insights for developing post-heat treatment strategies for LPBF-produced Ti‑42Nb implants, including both bulk materials and lattice structures.
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- 2024
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154. Soil texture and organic matter prediction using Mehlich‐3 extractable nutrients
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Gerson L. Drescher, Nathan A. Slaton, Trenton L. Roberts, and Alden D. Smartt
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Agriculture ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) and texture are key properties influencing soil nutrient and water dynamics but are time‐consuming procedures for analytical laboratories. Our objective was to evaluate SOM and soil texture predictions using Mehlich‐3 nutrients and pH in Arkansas soils. Particle size was determined by the hydrometer method (2‐ and 8‐h readings) and SOM by loss on ignition. Two datasets were used to calibrate clay and sand (n = 409) and SOM (n = 1019) prediction models using simple and multiple regression. Estimated cation exchange capacity was highly correlated with clay, resulting in significant prediction models alone or combined with phosphorus (P); pH and copper (Cu); or pH, sodium (Na), and Cu (R2 = 0.84, 0.88, 0.89, and 0.90; p
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- 2024
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155. Adolf Thomsen: „So ist der Pastor nicht als Pastor politische Instanz, aber auch kein Inhaber eines politischen Amtes als solcher kirchliche Instanz““
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Drescher, Kari Alina, primary
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- 2023
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156. Vibrational relaxation of hot ground state cations of naphthalene
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Reitsma, Geert, Patchkovskii, Serguei, Dura, Judith, Drescher, Lorenz, Mikosch, Jochen, Vrakking, Marc J. J., and Kornilov, Oleg
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Physics - Chemical Physics - Abstract
Time-resolved XUV-IR photoion mass spectroscopy of naphthalene conducted with broadband, as well as with wavelength-selected narrowband XUV pulses reveals a rising probability of fragmentation characterized by a lifetime of $92\pm4$~fs. This lifetime is independent of the XUV excitation wavelength and is the same for all low appearance energy fragments recorded in the experiment. Analysis of the experimental data in conjunction with a statistical multi-state vibronic model suggests that the experimental signals track vibrational energy redistribution on the potential energy surface of the ground state cation. In particular, populations of the out-of-plane ring twist and the out-of-plane wave bending modes could be responsible for opening new IR absorption channels leading to enhanced fragmentation., Comment: Submitted to Daniel Neumark's Festschrift
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- 2021
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157. GRAVITY K-band spectroscopy of HD 206893 B: brown dwarf or exoplanet
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Kammerer, J., Lacour, S., Stolker, T., Mollière, P., Sing, D. K., Nasedkin, E., Kervella, P., Wang, J. J., Ward-Duong, K., Nowak, M., Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Asensio-Torres, R., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J. -P., Beust, H., Blunt, S., Boccaletti, A., Bohn, A., Bolzer, M. -L., Bonnefoy, M., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Cantalloube, F., Caselli, P., Charnay, B., Chauvin, G., Choquet, E., Christiaens, V., Clénet, Y., Foresto, V. Coudé du, Cridland, A., Dembet, R., Dexter, J., de Zeeuw, P. T., Drescher, A., Duvert, G., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Gao, F., Garcia, P., Lopez, R. Garcia, Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Girard, J., Haubois, X., Heißel, G., Henning, T., Hinkley, S., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Houllé, M., Hubert, Z., Jocou, L., Keppler, M., Kreidberg, L., Lagrange, A. -M., Lapeyrère, V., Bouquin, J. -B. Le, Léna, P., Lutz, D., Maire, A. -L., Mérand, A., Monnier, J. D., Mouillet, D., Müller, A., Ott, T., Otten, G. P. P. L., Paladini, C., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Pfuhl, O., Pueyo, L., Rameau, J., Rodet, L., Rousset, G., Rustamkulov, Z., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T., Stadler, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., van Dishoeck, E. F., Vigan, A., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S. D., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., Yazici, S., and Collaboration, GRAVITY
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We aim to reveal the nature of the reddest known substellar companion HD 206893 B by studying its near-infrared colors and spectral morphology and by investigating its orbital motion. We fit atmospheric models for giant planets and brown dwarfs and perform spectral retrievals with petitRADTRANS and ATMO on the observed GRAVITY, SPHERE, and GPI spectra of HD 206893 B. To recover its unusual spectral features, we include additional extinction by high-altitude dust clouds made of enstatite grains in the atmospheric model fits. We also infer the orbital parameters of HD 206893 B by combining the $\sim 100~\mu\text{as}$ precision astrometry from GRAVITY with data from the literature and constrain the mass and position of HD 206893 C based on the Gaia proper motion anomaly of the system. The extremely red color and the very shallow $1.4~\mu\text{m}$ water absorption feature of HD 206893 B can be fit well with the adapted atmospheric models and spectral retrievals. Altogether, our analysis suggests an age of $\sim 3$-$300~\text{Myr}$ and a mass of $\sim 5$-$30~\text{M}_\text{Jup}$ for HD 206893 B, which is consistent with previous estimates but extends the parameter space to younger and lower-mass objects. The GRAVITY astrometry points to an eccentric orbit ($e = 0.29^{+0.06}_{-0.11}$) with a mutual inclination of $< 34.4~\text{deg}$ with respect to the debris disk of the system. While HD 206893 B could in principle be a planetary-mass companion, this possibility hinges on the unknown influence of the inner companion on the mass estimate of $10^{+5}_{-4}~\text{M}_\text{Jup}$ from radial velocity and Gaia as well as a relatively small but significant Argus moving group membership probability of $\sim 61\%$. However, we find that if the mass of HD 206893 B is $< 30~\text{M}_\text{Jup}$, then the inner companion HD 206893 C should have a mass between $\sim 8$-$15~\text{M}_\text{Jup}$., Comment: 28 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
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- 2021
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158. MOLsphere and pulsations of the Galactic Center's red supergiant GCIRS 7 from VLTI/GRAVITY
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GRAVITY Collaboration, Rodríguez-Coira, G., Paumard, T., Perrin, G., Vincent, F., Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Bauböck, M., Berger, J. P., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Clénet, Y., de Zeeuw, P. T., Dexter, J., Drescher, A., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Gao, F., Garcia, P., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Habibi, M., Haubois, X., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Jimenez-Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kaufer, A., Kervella, P., Lacour, S., Lapeyrère, V., Bouquin, J. B. Le, Léna, P., Nowak, M., Ott, T., Perraut, K., Pfuhl, O., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Shangguan, J., Scheithauer, S., Stadler, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., Shimizu, T., von Fellenberg, S., Waisber, I., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., Yazici, S., and Zins, G.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies - Abstract
GCIRS 7, the brightest star in the Galactic central parsec, formed $6\pm2$ Myr ago together with dozens of massive stars in a disk orbiting the central black-hole. It has been argued that GCIRS 7 is a pulsating body, on the basis of photometric variability. We present the first medium-resolution ($R=500$), K-band spectro-interferometric observations of GCIRS 7, using the GRAVITY instrument with the four auxiliary telescopes of the ESO VLTI. We looked for variations using two epochs, namely 2017 and 2019. We find GCIRS 7 to be moderately resolved with a uniform-disk photospheric diameter of $\theta^*_\text{UD}=1.55 \pm 0.03$ mas ($R^*_\text{UD}=1368 \pm 26$ $R_\odot$) in the K-band continuum. The narrow-band uniform-disk diameter increases above 2.3 $\mu$m, with a clear correlation with the CO band heads in the spectrum. This correlation is aptly modeled by a hot ($T_\text{L}=2368\pm37$ K), geometrically thin molecular shell with a diameter of $\theta_\text{L}=1.74\pm0.03$ mas, as measured in 2017. The shell diameter increased ($\theta_\text{L}=1.89\pm0.03$ mas), while its temperature decreased ($T_\text{L}=2140\pm42$ K) in 2019. In contrast, the photospheric diameter $\theta^*_\text{UD}$ and the extinction up to the photosphere of GCIRS 7 ($A_{\mathrm{K}_\mathrm{S}}=3.18 \pm 0.16$) have the same value within uncertainties at the two epochs. In the context of previous interferometric and photo-spectrometric measurements, the GRAVITY data allow for an interpretation in terms of photospheric pulsations. The photospheric diameter measured in 2017 and 2019 is significantly larger than previously reported using the PIONIER instrument ($\theta_*=1.076 \pm 0.093$ mas in 2013 in the H band). The parameters of the photosphere and molecular shell of GCIRS 7 are comparable to those of other red supergiants that have previously been studied using interferometry., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics (A&A)
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- 2021
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159. Phase-Dependence of Resonant and Antiresonant Two-Photon Excitations
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Drescher, Lorenz, Witting, Tobias, Kornilov, Oleg, and Vrakking, Marc J. J.
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Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
Measurements of the phase of two-photon matrix elements are presented for resonant and antiresonant two-color ionization of helium. A tunable, narrow-bandwidth, near-infrared (NIR) laser source is used for extreme ultra-violet (XUV) high-harmonic generation (HHG). The 15th harmonic of the laser is used within (1+1') XUV+NIR two-photon ionization, and tuned in and out of resonance with members of the 1s$n$p $^1$P$_1$ ($n=3,4,5$) Rydberg series, covering a broad spectral range with high spectral resolution. The technique allows to observe characteristic rapid changes in the phase of the two-photon matrix elements around the resonances and, previously unobserved, at the antiresonances between the resonances. Similar effects are observed for (1+2') XUV+NIR three-photon ionization. The experimental results are compared to a perturbative model and to numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation (TDSE) in the single active electron (SAE) approximation, elucidating the origin and dependences of the observed phenomena., Comment: Accepted version, to be published in Physical Review A. 8 pages, 3 figures
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- 2021
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160. Biofilm formation on human immune cells is a multicellular predation strategy of Vibrio cholerae
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Vidakovic, Lucia, Mikhaleva, Sofya, Jeckel, Hannah, Nisnevich, Valerya, Strenger, Kerstin, Neuhaus, Konstantin, Raveendran, Keerthana, Ben-Moshe, Noa Bossel, Aznaourova, Marina, Nosho, Kazuki, Drescher, Antje, Schmeck, Bernd, Schulte, Leon N., Persat, Alexandre, Avraham, Roi, and Drescher, Knut
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- 2023
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161. Microscopic Evidence of Malaria Infection in Visceral Tissue from Medici Family, Italy
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Maixner, Frank, Drescher, Dennis, Boccalini, Giulia, Piombino-Mascali, Dario, Janko, Marek, Berens-Riha, Nicole, Kim, Bum Jin, Gamble, Michelle, Schatterny, Jolanthe, Morty, Rory E., Ludwig, Melanie, Krause-Kyora, Ben, Stark, Robert, An, Hyun Joo, Neumann, Jens, Cipollini, Giovanna, Grimm, Rudolf, Kilian, Nicole, and Zink, Albert
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Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Malaria -- Causes of ,Mummies -- Research ,Plasmodium falciparum -- Research ,Health - Abstract
The Medici family was a powerful family from Florence, Italy, that gained prominence under Cosimo de' Medici in the early 15th century (1). Dynastic power granted Medici family members a [...]
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- 2023
162. DORMADL - Dataset of Human-Operated Robot Arm Motion in Activities of Daily Living.
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Felix Ferdinand Goldau, Yashaswini Shivashankar, Annalies Baumeister, Lennart Drescher, Patrizia Tolle, and Udo Frese
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- 2023
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163. Design Enablement Flow for Circuits with Inherent Obfuscation based on Reconfigurable Transistors.
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Jens Trommer, Niladri Bhattacharjee, Thomas Mikolajick, Sebastian Huhn 0001, Marcel Merten, M. E. Djeridane, Muhammad Hassan 0002, Rolf Drechsler, Shubham Rai, Nima Kavand, Armin Darjani, Akash Kumar 0001, V. Sessi, M. Drescher, S. Kolodinski, and M. Wiatr
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- 2023
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164. So Much Fear and Questioning: A Comparative Study of Discourses on Covid-19 in Côte d’Ivoire and Cameroon
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Drescher, Martina, Boukari, Oumarou, Ngawa Mbaho, Liliane Carline, Falola, Toyin, Series Editor, Heaton, Matthew M., Series Editor, Arndt, Susan, editor, Yacouba, Banhoro, editor, Lawanson, Taibat, editor, Msindo, Enocent, editor, and Simatei, Peter, editor
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- 2023
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165. Der Aufbau eines Datenrepositoriums: Plattform für Gesundheitsdaten aus Sicht eines (ehemaligen) Start-ups
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Drescher, Johannes, Wogenstein, Florian, Reinel, Dirk, and Weber, Beatrix, editor
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- 2023
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166. Stakeholders' Perception on the Implementation of Developmental Progress Assessment: Using the Theoretical Domains Framework to Document Behavioral Determinants
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St-Onge, Christina, Boileau, Elisabeth, Langevin, Serge, Nguyen, Lily H. P., Drescher, Olivia, Bergeron, Linda, and Thomas, Aliki
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Background: The widespread implementation of longitudinal assessment (LA) to document trainees' progression to independent practice rests more on speculative rather than evidence-based benefits. We aimed to document stakeholders' knowledge of- and attitudes towards LA, and identify how the supports and barriers can help or hinder the uptake and sustainable use of LA. Methods: We interviewed representatives from four stakeholder groups involved in LA. The interview protocols were based on the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), which contains a total of 14 behaviour change determinants. Two team members coded the interviews deductively to the TDF, with a third resolving differences in coding. The qualitative data analysis was completed with iterative consultations and discussions with team members until consensus was achieved. Saliency analysis was used to identify dominant domains. Results: Forty-one individuals participated in the study. Three dominant domains were identified. Participants perceive that LA has more positive than negative consequences and requires substantial resources. All the elements and characteristics of LA are present in our data, with differences between stakeholders. Conclusion: Going forward, we could develop and implement tailored and theory driven interventions to promote a shared understanding of LA, and maintain potential positive outcomes while reducing negative ones. Furthermore, resources to support LA implementation need to be addressed to facilitate its uptake.
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- 2022
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167. The distribution of child physicians and early academic achievement
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Drescher, Jessica and Domingue, Benjamin W.
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Academic achievement -- Analysis ,Pediatricians -- Distribution ,Child care -- Methods ,Physicians (General practice) -- Distribution -- Education ,Company distribution practices ,Business ,Health care industry - Abstract
Objective: To describe the distribution of pediatricians and family physicians (child physicians) across school districts and examine the association between physician supply and third-grade test scores. Data Sources and Study Setting: Data come from the January 2020 American Medical Association Physician Masterfile, the 2009-2013 and 2014-2018 waves of American Community Survey 5-Year Data, and the Stanford Education Data Archive (SEDA), which uses test scores from all U.S. public schools. We use covariate data provided by SEDA to describe student populations. Study Design: This descriptive analysis constructs a physician-to-child-population ratio for every school district in the country and describes the child population served by the current distribution of physicians. We fit a set of multivariable regression models to estimate the associations between district test score outcomes and district physician supply. Our model includes state fixed effects to control for unobservable state-level factors, as well as a covariate vector of sociodemographic characteristics. Data Collection: Public data from three sources were matched by district ID. Principal Findings: Physicians are highly unequally distributed across districts: nearly 3640 (29.6%) of 12,297 districts have no child physician, which includes 49% of rural districts. Rural children of color in particular have very little access to pediatric care, and this inequality is more extreme when looking exclusively at pediatricians. Districts that have higher child physician supplies tend to have higher academic test scores in early education, independent of community socioeconomic status and racial/ethnic composition. While the national data show this positive relationship (0.012 SD, 95% CI, 0.0103-0.0127), it is most pronounced for districts in the bottom fertile of physician supply (0.163 SD, 95% CI, 0.108-0.219). Conclusions: Our study demonstrates a highly unequal distribution of child physicians in the U.S., and that children with less access to physicians have lower academic performance in early education. KEYWORDS child development, education, health policy, physician supply, social determinants of health, workforce What is known on this topic * Early academic achievement is highly influenced by out-of-school factors. * Higher physician supply is associated with better child health outcomes, including improved access to care, reduced prevalence of unnecessary hospitalizations, and lower rates of infant mortality and low birth weight. * The child health outcomes influenced by physician supply are linked to educational success in both direct and indirect ways: e.g., lower birth weight is directly linked to reduced cognitive performance. What this study adds * This study introduces a novel, school district-level measure of physician supply, providing the first glimpse at the national distribution of pediatricians and family physicians across school districts. * Physician-to-child-population ratios are lowest in rural districts, especially rural districts with large non-White student populations. Nationally, the ratios are not correlated with district socioeconomic status or racial/ethnic composition. * District-level variation in the supply of physicians trained in pediatric care is associated with variation in third-grade test scores and is especially pronounced in areas with low physician supply., 1 | INTRODUCTION Academic achievement among U.S. public school students, as measured by standardized test scores, varies widely by geography, socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity. Many decades of education research [...]
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- 2023
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168. Assessing the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of a tele-retinopathy-based intervention to encourage greater attendance to diabetic retinopathy screening in immigrants living with diabetes from China and African-Caribbean countries in Ottawa, Canada: a protocol
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Valerie Umaefulam, Mackenzie Wilson, Marie Carole Boucher, Michael H. Brent, Maman Joyce Dogba, Olivia Drescher, Jeremy M. Grimshaw, Noah M. Ivers, John G. Lawrenson, Fabiana Lorencatto, David Maberley, Nicola McCleary, Sheena McHugh, Olivera Sutakovic, Kednapa Thavorn, Holly O. Witteman, Catherine Yu, Hao Cheng, Wei Han, Yu Hong, Balkissa Idrissa, Tina Leech, Joffré Malette, Isabelle Mongeon, Zawadi Mugisho, Marlyse Mbakop Nguebou, Sara Pabla, Siffan Rahman, Azaratou Samandoulougou, Hasina Visram, Richard You, Junqiang Zhao, and Justin Presseau
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Diabetic retinopathy ,Screening ,Tele-retinopathy ,Immigrants ,Protocol ,Fidelity ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of preventable blindness in Canada. Clinical guidelines recommend annual diabetic retinopathy screening for people living with diabetes to reduce the risk and progression of vision loss. However, many Canadians with diabetes do not attend screening. Screening rates are even lower in immigrants to Canada including people from China, Africa, and the Caribbean, and these groups are also at higher risk of developing diabetes complications. We aim to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and fidelity of a co-developed, linguistically and culturally tailored tele-retinopathy screening intervention for Mandarin-speaking immigrants from China and French-speaking immigrants from African-Caribbean countries living with diabetes in Ottawa, Canada, and identify how many from each population group attend screening during the pilot period. Methods We will work with our health system and patient partners to conduct a 6-month feasibility pilot of a tele-retinopathy screening intervention in a Community Health Centre in Ottawa. We anticipate recruiting 50–150 patients and 5–10 health care providers involved in delivering the intervention for the pilot. Acceptability will be assessed via a Theoretical Framework of Acceptability-informed survey with patients and health care providers. To assess feasibility, we will use a Theoretical Domains Framework-informed interview guide and to assess fidelity, and we will use a survey informed by the National Institutes of Health framework from the perspective of health care providers. We will also collect patient demographics (i.e., age, gender, ethnicity, health insurance status, and immigration information), screening outcomes (i.e., patients with retinopathy identified, patients requiring specialist care), patient costs, and other intervention-related variables such as preferred language. Survey data will be descriptively analyzed and qualitative data will undergo content analysis. Discussion This feasibility pilot study will capture how many people living with diabetes from each group attend the diabetic retinopathy screening, costs, and implementation processes for the tele-retinopathy screening intervention. The study will indicate the practicability and suitability of the intervention in increasing screening attendance in the target population groups. The study results will inform a patient-randomized trial, provide evidence to conduct an economic evaluation of the intervention, and optimize the community-based intervention.
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- 2023
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169. Sexual dimorphism in the social behaviour of Cntnap2-null mice correlates with disrupted synaptic connectivity and increased microglial activity in the anterior cingulate cortex
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Matt S. Dawson, Kevin Gordon-Fleet, Lingxin Yan, Vera Tardos, Huanying He, Kwong Mui, Smriti Nawani, Zeinab Asgarian, Marco Catani, Cathy Fernandes, and Uwe Drescher
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract A biological understanding of the apparent sex bias in autism is lacking. Here we have identified Cntnap2 KO mice as a model system to help better understand this dimorphism. Using this model, we observed social deficits in juvenile male KO mice only. These male-specific social deficits correlated with reduced spine densities of Layer 2/3 and Layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex, a forebrain region prominently associated with the control of social behaviour. Furthermore, in male KO mice, microglia showed an increased activated morphology and phagocytosis of synaptic structures compared to WT mice, whereas no differences were seen in female KO and WT mice. Our data suggest that sexually dimorphic microglial activity may be involved in the aetiology of ASD, disrupting the development of neural circuits that control social behaviour by overpruning synapses at a developmentally critical period.
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- 2023
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170. Emotionalität in der COVID-19-Krisenkommunikation von Behörden und unabhängigen Expert*innen auf Twitter: Eine Sentiment-Analyse für das erste Pandemiejahr
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Drescher, Larissa S., Roosen, Jutta, Aue, Katja, Dressel, Kerstin, Schär, Wiebke, and Götz, Anne
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- 2023
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171. Pilot Evaluation of the Elementary Social-Emotional Learning Program Sources of Strength
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Valido, Alberto, Robinson, Luz E., Woolweaver, Ashley B., Drescher, Anne, Espelage, Dorothy L., Wright, Ashlen A., Ishmeal, Dezja, Dailey, Megan M., Long, Anna C. J., and LoMurray, Scott
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- 2023
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172. Pilot Evaluation of DIsability Anti-BuLlying (DIAL) Training for Elementary Special and General Education Teachers: Impact on Teacher Self-Efficacy Attitudes Toward Bullying and Student Outcomes
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Espelage, Dorothy L., Rose, Chad, Nickodem, Kyle, Robinson, Luz E., Sheikh, America El, Hanebutt, Rachel A., Forber-Pratt, Anjali, Graves, Katie, Valido, Alberto, Ingram, Katherine, Milarsky, Tracey K., Drescher, Anne, Ousley, Cannon, Mirielli, Lindsey, Gomez, Angelica M., Clements, Graceson, Salama, Christine, Chalfant, Pam, and Poekert, Phil
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- 2023
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173. Central and peripheral lung deposition of fluticasone propionate dry powder inhaler formulations in humans characterized by population pharmacokinetics
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Drescher, Stefanie K., Jiao, Yuanyuan, Chen, Mong-Jen, Kurumaddali, Abhinav, Shao, Jie, Amini, Elham, Hochhaus, Günther, and Bulitta, Jürgen B.
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- 2023
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174. Modernes Hybrid-Format und Austausch vor Ort
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Schädel-Höpfner, Michael, Drescher, Wolf, Mahlke, Lutz, and Flamme, Christian
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- 2023
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175. Impact of metabolic indices of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography on post transplantation recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma
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Bauschke, Astrid, Altendorf-Hofmann, Annelore, Brückner, Lukas, Drescher, Robert, Freesmeyer, Martin, and Settmacher, Utz
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- 2023
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176. Canopy structure influences arthropod communities within and beyond tree identity effects: Insights from combining LiDAR data, insecticidal fogging and machine learning regression modelling
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Wildermuth, Benjamin, Penanhoat, Alice, Sennhenn-Reulen, Holger, Matevski, Dragan, Drescher, Jochen, Aubry-Kientz, Mélaine, Seidel, Dominik, and Schuldt, Andreas
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- 2024
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177. Tailoring microstructure and mechanical properties of an LPBF-processed beta Ti-Nb alloy through post-heat treatments
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Pilz, S., Bönisch, M., Datye, A., Zhang, S., Günther, F., Drescher, S., Kühn, U., Schwarz, U.D., Zimmermann, M., and Gebert, A.
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- 2024
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178. Advancements in Performance of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Ambulatory Surgery Centers: Outcomes and Lessons From 1250+ Cases
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Rosen, Daniel C., Drescher, Max R., Arias Villela, Natalia L., Abbott, Joel E., Dunne, Meagan M., and Davalos, Julio G.
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- 2024
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179. Clinical and immunological benefits of full primary COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections: A prospective cohort study in non-hospitalized adults
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Prelog, Martina, Jeske, Samuel D., Asam, Claudia, Fuchs, Andre, Wieser, Andreas, Gall, Christine, Wytopil, Monika, Mueller-Schmucker, Sandra M., Beileke, Stephanie, Goekkaya, Mehmet, Kling, Elisabeth, Geldmacher, Christof, Rubio-Acero, Raquel, Plank, Michael, Christa, Catharina, Willmann, Annika, Vu, Martin, Einhauser, Sebastian, Weps, Manuela, Lampl, Benedikt M.J., Almanzar, Giovanni, Kousha, Kimia, Schwägerl, Valeria, Liebl, Bernhard, Weber, Beatrix, Drescher, Johannes, Scheidt, Jörg, Gefeller, Olaf, Messmann, Helmut, Protzer, Ulrike, Liese, Johannes, Hoelscher, Michael, Wagner, Ralf, Überla, Klaus, and Steininger, Philipp
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- 2024
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180. Classifying linear matrix inequalities via abstract operator systems
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Berger, Martin, Drescher, Tom, and Netzer, Tim
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- 2024
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181. Social psychological factors drive farmers’ adoption of environmental best management practices
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Drescher, Michael, Hannay, James, Feick, Robert D., and Caldwell, Wayne
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- 2024
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182. Conventional versus digital workflows for palatal TADs?
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Wilmes, Benedict and Drescher, Dieter
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- 2024
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183. Relative depolarization of the black hole photon ring in GRMHD models of Sgr A* and M87*
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Jiménez-Rosales, A., Dexter, J., Ressler, S. M., Tchekhovskoy, A., Bauböck, M., Dallilar, Y., de Zeeuw, P. T., Drescher, A., Eisenhauer, F., von Fellenberg, S., Gao, F., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Habibi, M., Ott, T., Stadler, J., Straub, O., and Widmann, F.
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Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of accreting black holes, we show that a suitable subtraction of the linear polarization per pixel from total intensity images can enhance the photon ring features. We find that the photon ring is typically a factor of $\simeq 2$ less polarized than the rest of the image. This is due to a combination of plasma and general relativistic effects, as well as magnetic turbulence. When there are no other persistently depolarized image features, adding the subtracted residuals over time results in a sharp image of the photon ring. We show that the method works well for sample, viable GRMHD models of Sgr A* and M87*, where measurements of the photon ring properties would provide new measurements of black hole mass and spin, and potentially allow for tests of the "no-hair" theorem of general relativity., Comment: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
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- 2021
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184. The GRAVITY young stellar object survey V. The orbit of the T Tauri binary star WW Cha
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GRAVITY Collaboration, Eupen, F., Labadie, L., Grellmann, R., Perraut, K., Brandner, W., Duchêne, G., Köhler, R., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Lopez, R. Garcia, Garatti, A. Caratti o, Benisty, M., Dougados, C., Garcia, P., Klarmann, L., Amorim, A., Bauböck, M., Berger, J. P., Caselli, P., Clénet, Y., Foresto, V. Coudé du, de Zeeuw, P. T., Drescher, A., Duvert, G., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Filho, M., Ganci, V., Gao, F., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Heissel, G., Henning, Th., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Hubert, Z., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Jocou, L., Kervella, P., Lacour, S., Lapeyrère, V., Bouquin, J. B. Le, Léna, P., Ott, T., Paumard, T., Perrin, G., Pfuhl, O., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rousset, G., Scheithauer, S., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T., Stadler, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., van Dishoeck, E., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S. D., Widmann, F., Woillez, J., and Wojtczak, A.
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Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
The young T Tauri star WW Cha was recently proposed to be a close binary object with strong infrared and submillimeter excess associated with circum-system emission. This makes WW Cha a very interesting source for studying the influence of dynamical effects on circumstellar as well as circumbinary material. We derive the relative astrometric positions and flux ratios of the stellar companion in WW Cha from the interferometric model fitting of observations made with the VLTI instruments AMBER, PIONIER, and GRAVITY in the near-infrared from 2011 to 2020. For two epochs, the resulting uv-coverage in spatial frequencies permits us to perform the first image reconstruction of the system in the K band. The positions of nine epochs are used to determine the orbital elements and the total mass of the system. We find the secondary star orbiting the primary with a period of T=206.55 days, a semimajor axis of a=1.01 au, and a relatively high eccentricity of e=0.45. Combining the orbital solution with distance measurements from Gaia DR2 and the analysis of evolutionary tracks, the dynamical mass of Mtot=3.20 Msol can be explained by a mass ratio between ~0.5 and 1. The orbital angular momentum vector is in close alignment with the angular momentum vector of the outer disk as measured by ALMA and SPHERE. The analysis of the relative photometry suggests the presence of infrared excess surviving in the system and likely originating from truncated circumstellar disks. The flux ratio between the two components appears variable, in particular in the K band, and may hint at periods of triggered higher and lower accretion or changes in the disks' structures. The knowledge of the orbital parameters, combined with a relatively short period, makes WW Cha an ideal target for studying the interaction of a close young T Tauri binary with its surrounding material, such as time-dependent accretion phenomena., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A; 24 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables; affiliations corrected
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- 2021
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185. The central parsec of NGC 3783: a rotating broad emission line region, asymmetric hot dust structure, and compact coronal line region
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GRAVITY Collaboration, Amorim, A., Bauböck, M., Brandner, W., Bolzer, M., Clénet, Y., Davies, R., de Zeeuw, P. T., Dexter, J., Drescher, A., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Gao, F., Garcia, P. J. V., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Gratadour, D., Hönig, S., Kaltenbrunner, D., Kishimoto, M., Lacour, S., Lutz, D., Millour, F., Netzer, H., Ott, T., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Peterson, B. M., Petrucci, P. O., Pfuhl, O., Prieto, M. A., Rouan, D., Sanchez-Bermudez, J., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T., Schartmann, M., Stadler, J., Sternberg, A., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., Tristram, K. R. W., Vermot, P., von Fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I., Widmann, F., and Woillez, J.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Using VLTI/GRAVITY and SINFONI data, we investigate the sub-pc gas and dust structure around the nearby type 1 AGN hosted by NGC 3783. The K-band coverage of GRAVITY uniquely allows a simultaneous analysis of the size and kinematics of the broad line region (BLR), the size and structure of the near-IR continuum emitting hot dust, and the size of the coronal line region (CLR). We find the BLR probed through broad Br$\gamma$ emission is well described by a rotating, thick disk with a radial distribution of clouds peaking in the inner region. In our BLR model the physical mean radius of 16 light days is nearly twice the 10 day time lag that would be measured, which matches very well the 10 day time lag that has been measured by reverberation mapping. We measure a hot dust FWHM size of 0.74 mas (0.14 pc) and further reconstruct an image of the hot dust which reveals a faint (5% of the total flux) offset cloud which we interpret as an accreting cloud heated by the central AGN. Finally, we directly measure the FWHM size of the nuclear CLR as traced by the [CaVIII] and narrow Br$\gamma$ line. We find a FWHM size of 2.2 mas (0.4 pc), fully in line with the expectation of the CLR located between the BLR and narrow line region. Combining all of these measurements together with larger scale near-IR integral field unit and mid-IR interferometry data, we are able to comprehensively map the structure and dynamics of gas and dust from 0.01--100 pc., Comment: 20 pages and 18 figures in main text, Accepted for publication in A&A
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- 2021
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186. Improved GRAVITY astrometric accuracy from modeling of optical aberrations
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GRAVITY Collaboration, Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Bauböck, M., Berger, J. P., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Clénet, Y., Davies, R., de Zeeuw, P. T., Dexter, J., Dallilar, Y., Drescher, A., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Garcia, P., Gao, F., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Habibi, M., Haubois, X., Heißel, G., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kaufer, A., Kervella, P., Lacour, S., Lapeyrère, V., Bouquin, J. -B. Le, Léna, P., Lutz, D., Nowak, M., Ott, T., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Pfuhl, O., Rabien, S., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T., Scheithauer, S., Stadler, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., Yazici, S., Young, A., and Zinsınst{9}, G.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The GRAVITY instrument on the ESO VLTI pioneers the field of high-precision near-infrared interferometry by providing astrometry at the $10 - 100\,\mu$as level. Measurements at such high precision crucially depend on the control of systematic effects. Here, we investigate how aberrations introduced by small optical imperfections along the path from the telescope to the detector affect the astrometry. We develop an analytical model that describes the impact of such aberrations on the measurement of complex visibilities. Our formalism accounts for pupil-plane and focal-plane aberrations, as well as for the interplay between static and turbulent aberrations, and successfully reproduces calibration measurements of a binary star. The Galactic Center observations with GRAVITY in 2017 and 2018, when both Sgr A* and the star S2 were targeted in a single fiber pointing, are affected by these aberrations at a level of less than 0.5 mas. Removal of these effects brings the measurement in harmony with the dual beam observations of 2019 and 2020, which are not affected by these aberrations. This also resolves the small systematic discrepancies between the derived distance $R_0$ to the Galactic Center reported previously.
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- 2021
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187. The ExoGRAVITY project: using single mode interferometry to characterize exoplanets
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Lacour, S., Wang, J. J., Nowak, M., Pueyo, L., Eisenhauer, F., Lagrange, A. -M., Mollière, P., Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Asensio-Torres, R., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J. P., Beust, H., Blunt, S., Boccaletti, A., Bohn, A., Bonnefoy, M., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Cantalloube, F., Caselli, P., Charnay, B., Chauvin, G., Choquet, E., Christiaens, V., Clénet, Y., Cridland, A., de Zeeuw, P. T., Dembet, R., Dexter, J., Drescher, A., Duvert, G., Gao, F., Garcia, P., Lopez, R. Garcia, Gardner, T., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Girard, J. H., Haubois, X., Heissel, G., Henning, T., Hinkley, S., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Houllé, M., Hubert, Z., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Keppler, M., Kervella, P., Kreidberg, L., Lapeyrère, V., Bouquin, J. -B. Le, Léna, P., Lutz, D., Maire, A. -L., Mérand, A., Monnier, J. D., Mouillet, D., Muller, A., Nasedkin, E., Ott, T., Otten, G. P. P. L., Paladini, C., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Pfuhl, O., Rameau, J., Rodet, L., Rodriguez-Coira, G., Rousset, G., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T., Stadler, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Stolker, T., van Dishoeck, E. F., Vigan, A., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S. D., Ward-Duong, K., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., and Woillez, J.
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Combining adaptive optics and interferometric observations results in a considerable contrast gain compared to single-telescope, extreme AO systems. Taking advantage of this, the ExoGRAVITY project is a survey of known young giant exoplanets located in the range of 0.1'' to 2'' from their stars. The observations provide astrometric data of unprecedented accuracy, being crucial for refining the orbital parameters of planets and illuminating their dynamical histories. Furthermore, GRAVITY will measure non-Keplerian perturbations due to planet-planet interactions in multi-planet systems and measure dynamical masses. Over time, repetitive observations of the exoplanets at medium resolution ($R=500$) will provide a catalogue of K-band spectra of unprecedented quality, for a number of exoplanets. The K-band has the unique properties that it contains many molecular signatures (CO, H$_2$O, CH$_4$, CO$_2$). This allows constraining precisely surface gravity, metallicity, and temperature, if used in conjunction with self-consistent models like Exo-REM. Further, we will use the parameter-retrieval algorithm petitRADTRANS to constrain the C/O ratio of the planets. Ultimately, we plan to produce the first C/O survey of exoplanets, kick-starting the difficult process of linking planetary formation with measured atomic abundances., Comment: SPIE 2020, invited talk
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- 2021
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188. Constraining the Nature of the PDS 70 Protoplanets with VLTI/GRAVITY
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Wang, J. J., Vigan, A., Lacour, S., Nowak, M., Stolker, T., De Rosa, R. J., Ginzburg, S., Gao, P., Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Asensio-Torres, R., Baubck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J. P., Beust, H., Beuzit, J. -L., Blunt, S., Boccaletti, A., Bohn, A., Bonnefoy, M., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Cantalloube, F., Caselli, P., Charnay, B., Chauvin, G., Choquet, E., Christiaens, V., Clénet, Y., Foresto, V. Coudé du, Cridland, A., de Zeeuw, P. T., Dembet, R., Dexter, J., Drescher, A., Duvert, G., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Facchini, S., Gao, F., Garcia, P., Lopez, R. Garcia, Gardner, T., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Girard, J., Haubois, X., Heißel, G., Henning, T., Hinkley, S., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Houllé, M., Hubert, Z., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Keppler, M., Kervella, P., Meyer, M., Kreidberg, L., Lagrange, A. -M., Lapeyrère, V., Bouquin, J. -B. Le, Léna, P., Lutz, D., Maire, A. -L., Ménard, F., Mérand, A., Mollière, P., Monnier, J. D., Mouillet, D., Müller, A., Nasedkin, E., Ott, T., Otten, G. P. P. L., Paladini, C., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Pfuhl, O., Pueyo, L., Rameau, J., Rodet, L., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rousset, G., Scheithauer, S., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T., Stadler, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., van Dishoeck, E. F., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S. D., Ward-Duong, K., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., and Collaboration, The GRAVITY
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics - Abstract
We present K-band interferometric observations of the PDS 70 protoplanets along with their host star using VLTI/GRAVITY. We obtained K-band spectra and 100 $\mu$as precision astrometry of both PDS 70 b and c in two epochs, as well as spatially resolving the hot inner disk around the star. Rejecting unstable orbits, we found a nonzero eccentricity for PDS 70 b of $0.17 \pm 0.06$, a near-circular orbit for PDS 70 c, and an orbital configuration that is consistent with the planets migrating into a 2:1 mean motion resonance. Enforcing dynamical stability, we obtained a 95% upper limit on the mass of PDS 70 b of 10 $M_\textrm{Jup}$, while the mass of PDS 70 c was unconstrained. The GRAVITY K-band spectra rules out pure blackbody models for the photospheres of both planets. Instead, the models with the most support from the data are planetary atmospheres that are dusty, but the nature of the dust is unclear. Any circumplanetary dust around these planets is not well constrained by the planets' 1-5 $\mu$m spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and requires longer wavelength data to probe with SED analysis. However with VLTI/GRAVITY, we made the first observations of a circumplanetary environment with sub-au spatial resolution, placing an upper limit of 0.3~au on the size of a bright disk around PDS 70 b., Comment: 30 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in AJ
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- 2021
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189. Correction: Teacher Identity and Bullying: Perspectives from Teachers During Bullying Prevention Professional Development
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Drescher, Anne, Milarsky, Tracey Kenyon, Clements, Graceson, Sheikh, America J. El, Hanebutt, Rachel, Robinson, Luz E., Graves, Katherine A., Valido, Alberto, Espelage, Dorothy L., and Rose, Chad
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- 2024
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190. Protein Interaction Analysis by Surface Plasmon Resonance
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Drescher, Dennis G., primary and Drescher, Marian J., additional
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- 2023
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191. 68Ga-Oxine–Labeled Erythrocytes as a New PET Tracer for the Localization of Gastrointestinal Bleeding
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Leder, Theresa, Kühnel, Christian, Gröber, Sebastian, Drescher, Robert, and Freesmeyer, Martin
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- 2024
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192. A Class Above: Teaching exercise to people with Parkinsonʼs disease has enriched the authorʼs life both professionally and personally.
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Drescher, Phyllis
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- 2024
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193. 1396: INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF POSTINTUBATION HYPOTENSION AMONG NORMOTENSIVE ADULTS
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Verwiel, Chloe, Goyal, Munish, Drescher, Gail, Lawrynowicz, Marysia, Hsieah, Sarah, Mendivil, Alexia, Glowacki, Kieran, Arellano, Francis, Cogan, Amelia, Jia, Iwanger-I-ter, and Kennedy-Wood, Kate
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- 2024
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194. 1165: HIGH FIO2 AND LOW TIDAL VOLUME IN NORMOXEMIC PATIENTS INTUBATED IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT
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Drescher, Gail, Lawrynowicz, Marysia, Verwiel, Chloe, Hsieah, Sarah, Mendivil, Alexia, Glowacki, Kieran, Arellano, Francis, Cogan, Amelia, Jia, Iwanger-I-ter, Kennedy-Wood, Kate, Gaieski, David, and Goyal, Munish
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- 2024
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195. Reversible Sterilization of Channel Catfish via Overexpression of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Gene
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Zhi Ye, Ahmed Elaswad, Baofeng Su, Ahmed Alsaqufi, Mei Shang, William S. Bugg, Guyu Qin, David Drescher, Hanbo Li, Zhenkui Qin, Ramjie Odin, Nonkonzo Makhubu, Nermeen Abass, Sheng Dong, and Rex Dunham
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channel catfish ,gamma-aminobutyric acid ,transgenic fish ,transgenic sterilization ,hormone therapy ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The confinement of transgenic fish is essential to prevent their escape and reproduction in natural ecosystems. Reversible transgenic sterilization is a promising approach to control the reproduction of transgenic fish. Therefore, the present study was conducted to develop a reversibly sterile channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) via the transgenic overexpression of the goldfish (Carassius auratus) glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) gene driven by the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) β-actin promoter to disrupt normal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) regulation. Three generations of GAD-transgenic fish were produced. All studied generations showed repressed reproductive performance; however, this was not always statistically significant. In F1, 5.4% of the transgenic fish showed a sexual maturity score ≥ 4 (maximum = 5) at five years of age, which was lower (p = 0.07) than that of the control group (16.8%). In the spawning experiments conducted on F1 transgenic fish at six and nine years of age, 45.5% and 20.0% of fish spawned naturally, representing lower values (p = 0.09 and 0.12, respectively) than the percentages in the sibling control fish of the same age (83.3% and 66.7%, respectively). Four of six pairs of the putative infertile six-year-old fish spawned successfully after luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) therapy. Similar outcomes were noted in the three-year-old F2 fish, with a lower spawning percentage in transgenic fish (20.0%) than in the control (66.7%). In one-year-old F2-generation transgenic fish, the observed mean serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) levels were 9.23 ± 2.49 and 8.14 ± 2.21 ng/mL for the females and males, respectively. In the control fish, the mean levels of GnRH were 11.04 ± 4.06 and 9.03 ± 2.36 ng/mL for the females and males, respectively, which did not differ significantly from the control (p = 0.15 and 0.27 for females and males, respectively). There was no significant difference in the estradiol levels of the female transgenic and non-transgenic fish in the one- and four-year-old F2-generation fish. The four-year-old F2-generation male transgenic fish exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) lower levels of GnRH and testosterone than the control fish. In conclusion, while overexpressing GAD repressed the reproductive abilities of channel catfish, it did not completely sterilize transgenic fish. The sterilization rate might be improved through selection in future generations.
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- 2024
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196. Online asynchronous detection of error-related potentials in participants with a spinal cord injury using a generic classifier
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Lopes-Dias, Catarina, Sburlea, Andreea I., Breitegger, Katharina, Wyss, Daniela, Drescher, Harald, Wildburger, Renate, and Müller-Putz, Gernot R.
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Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction - Abstract
A BCI user awareness of an error is associated with a cortical signature named error-related potential (ErrP). The incorporation of ErrPs' detection in BCIs can improve BCIs' performance. This work is three-folded. First, we investigate if an ErrP classifier is transferable from able-bodied participants to participants with spinal cord injury (SCI). Second, we test this generic ErrP classifier with SCI and control participants, in an online experiment without offline calibration. Third, we investigate the morphology of ErrPs in both groups of participants. We used previously recorded electroencephalographic (EEG) data from able-bodied participants to train an ErrP classifier. We tested the classifier asynchronously, in an online experiment with 16 new participants: 8 participants with SCI and 8 able-bodied control participants. The experiment had no offline calibration and participants received feedback regarding the ErrPs' detection from its start. The generic classifier was not trained with the user's brain signals. Still, its performance was optimized during the online experiment with the use of personalized decision thresholds. Participants with SCI presented a non-homogenous ErrP morphology, and four of them did not present clear ErrP signals. The generic classifier performed above chance level in participants with clear ErrP signals, independently of the SCI (11 out of 16 participants). Three out of the five participants that obtained chance level results with the generic classifier would have not benefited from the use of a personalized classifier. This work shows the feasibility of transferring an ErrP classifier from able-bodied participants to participants with SCI, for asynchronous detection of ErrPs in an online experiment without offline calibration, which provided immediate feedback to the users.
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- 2020
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197. Quench Dynamics of the Ideal Bose Polaron at Zero and Nonzero Temperatures
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Drescher, Moritz, Salmhofer, Manfred, and Enss, Tilman
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Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases - Abstract
We give a detailed account of a stationary impurity in an ideal Bose-Einstein condensate, which we call the ideal Bose polaron, at both zero and non-zero temperatures and arbitrary strength of the impurity-boson coupling. The time evolution is solved exactly and it is found that, surprisingly, many of the features that have been predicted for the real BEC are already present in this simpler setting and can be understood analytically therein. We obtain explicit formulae for the time evolution of the condensate wave function at $T=0$ and of the one-particle density matrix at $T>0$. For negative scattering length, the system is found to thermalize even though the dynamics are perfectly coherent. The time evolution and thermal values of the Tan contact are derived and compared to a recent experiment. We find that contrary to the Fermi polaron, the contact is not bounded at unitarity as long as a condensate exists. An explicit formula for the dynamical overlap at $T=0$ allows us to compute the rf spectrum which can be understood in detail by relating it to the two-body problem of one boson and the impurity., Comment: 13 pages, 3 figures
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- 2020
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198. Detection of faint stars near SgrA* with GRAVITY
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GRAVITY Collaboration, Abuter, R., Amorim, A., Bauböck, M., Berger, J. P., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Clénet, Y., Dallilar, Y., Davies, R., de Zeeuw, P. T., Dexter, J., Drescher, A., Eisenhauer, F., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Garcia, P., Gao, F., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Habibi, M., Haubois, X., Heißel, G., Henning, T., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Jochum, L., Jocou, L., Kaufer, A., Kervella, P., Lacour, S., Lapeyrère, V., Bouquin, J. -B. Le, Léna, P., Lutz, D., Nowak, M., Ott, T., Paumard, T., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Pfuhl, O., Rabien, S., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Shangguan, J., Shimizu, T., Scheithauer, S., Stadler, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S., Waisberg, I., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., Yazici, S., and Zins, G.
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Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
The spin of the supermassive black hole that resides at the Galactic Centre can in principle be measured by accurate measurements of the orbits of stars that are much closer to SgrA* than S2, the orbit of which recently provided the measurement of the gravitational redshift and the Schwarzschild precession. The GRAVITY near-infrared interferometric instrument combining the four 8m telescopes of the VLT provides a spatial resolution of 2-4 mas, breaking the confusion barrier for adaptive-optics-assisted imaging with a single 8-10m telescope. We used GRAVITY to observe SgrA* over a period of six months in 2019 and employed interferometric reconstruction methods developed in radio astronomy to search for faint objects near SgrA*. This revealed a slowly moving star of magnitude 18.9 in K band within 30mas of SgrA*. The position and proper motion of the star are consistent with the previously known star S62, which is at a substantially larger physical distance, but in projection passes close to SgrA*. Observations in August and September 2019 easily detected S29, with K-magnitude of 16.6, at approximately 130 mas from SgrA*. The planned upgrades of GRAVITY, and further improvements in the calibration, hold the promise of finding stars fainter than magnitude 19 at K., Comment: 12 pages, 11 figures, published in A&A. Here we updated Fig. 1 with the latest motions laws of the S-stars as obtained from VLT/NACO observations until end 2019
- Published
- 2020
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199. Direct confirmation of the radial-velocity planet $\beta$ Pic c
- Author
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Nowak, M., Lacour, S., Lagrange, A. -M., Rubini, P., Wang, J., Stolker, T., Amorim, A., Asensio-Torres, R., Bauböck, M., Benisty, M., Berger, J. P., Beust, H., Blunt, S., Boccaletti, A., Bonnefoy, M., Bonnet, H., Brandner, W., Cantalloube, F., Charnay, B., Choquet, E., Christiaens, V., Clénet, Y., Foresto, V. Coudé du, Cridland, A., de Zeeuw, P. T., Dembet, R., Dexter, J., Drescher, A., Duvert, G., Eckart, A., Eisenhauer, F., Gao, F., Garcia, P., Lopez, R. Garcia, Gardner, T., Gendron, E., Genzel, R., Gillessen, S., Girard, J., Haubois, X., Heißel, G., Henning, T., Hinkley, S., Hippler, S., Horrobin, M., Houllé, M., Hubert, Z., Jiménez-Rosales, A., Jocou, L., Kammerer, J., Kervella, P., Keppler, M., Kreidberg, L., Kulikauskas, M., Lapeyrère, V., Bouquin, J. -B. Le, Léna, P., Mérand, A., Maire, A. -L., Mollière, P., Monnier, J. D., Mouillet, D., Müller, A., Nasedkin, E., Ott, T., Otten, G., Paumard, T., Paladini, C., Perraut, K., Perrin, G., Pueyo, L., Pfuhl, O., Rameau, J., Rodet, L., Rodríguez-Coira, G., Rousset, G., Scheithauer, S., Shangguan, J., Stadler, J., Straub, O., Straubmeier, C., Sturm, E., Tacconi, L. J., van Dishoeck, E. F., Vigan, A., Vincent, F., von Fellenberg, S. D., Ward-Duong, K., Widmann, F., Wieprecht, E., Wiezorrek, E., Woillez, J., and Collaboration, the GRAVITY
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Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics - Abstract
Methods used to detect giant exoplanets can be broadly divided into two categories: indirect and direct. Indirect methods are more sensitive to planets with a small orbital period, whereas direct detection is more sensitive to planets orbiting at a large distance from their host star. %, and thus on long orbital period. This dichotomy makes it difficult to combine the two techniques on a single target at once. Simultaneous measurements made by direct and indirect techniques offer the possibility of determining the mass and luminosity of planets and a method of testing formation models. Here, we aim to show how long-baseline interferometric observations guided by radial-velocity can be used in such a way. We observed the recently-discovered giant planet $\beta$ Pictoris c with GRAVITY, mounted on the Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). This study constitutes the first direct confirmation of a planet discovered through radial velocity. We find that the planet has a temperature of $T = 1250\pm50$\,K and a dynamical mass of $M = 8.2\pm0.8\,M_{\rm Jup}$. At $18.5\pm2.5$\,Myr, this puts $\beta$ Pic c close to a 'hot start' track, which is usually associated with formation via disk instability. Conversely, the planet orbits at a distance of 2.7\,au, which is too close for disk instability to occur. The low apparent magnitude ($M_{\rm K} = 14.3 \pm 0.1$) favours a core accretion scenario. We suggest that this apparent contradiction is a sign of hot core accretion, for example, due to the mass of the planetary core or the existence of a high-temperature accretion shock during formation., Comment: 10 pages
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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200. Teachers, Stress, and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis
- Author
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Robinson, Luz E., Valido, Alberto, Drescher, Anne, Woolweaver, Ashley B., Espelage, Dorothy L., LoMurray, Scott, Long, Anna C. J., Wright, Ashlen A., and Dailey, Megan M.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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