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155. Using High School and College Data to Predict Teacher Candidates' Performance on the Praxis at Unibetsedåt Guåhan (University of Guam). Study Brief. REL 2021-104

Author

National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE) (ED/IES), Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific (ED), McREL International, Donahue, T., Rentz, B., Santos, M., Aguon, A. C., and Arens, S. A.

Abstract

Policymakers and educators on Guåhan (Guam) are concerned about the persistent shortage of qualified K-12 teachers. Staff at the Unibetsedåt Guåhan (University of Guam, UOG) School of Education, the only local university that offers a teacher training and certification program, believe that more students are interested in becoming teachers but that the program's admissions requirements--in particular, the Praxis® Core test, which consists of reading, writing, and math subtests--might be a barrier. Little is known about the predictors for passing the Praxis Core test. This makes it difficult to develop and implement targeted interventions to help students pass the test and prepare for the program. This study examined which student demographic and academic preparation characteristics predict passing the Praxis Core test and each of its subtests. The study examined two groups of students who attempted at least one subtest within three years of enrolling at UOG: students who graduated from a Guåhan public high school (group 1) and all students, regardless of the high school from which they graduated (group 2). Just over half the students in each group passed the Praxis Core test (passed all three subtests) within three years of enrolling at UOG. The pass rate was lower on the math subtest than on the reading and writing subtests. For group 1, students who earned credit for at least one semester of Advanced Placement or honors math courses in high school had a higher pass rate on the Praxis Core test than students who did not earn any credit for those courses, students who earned a grade of 92 percent or higher in grade 10 English had a higher pass rate on the reading subtest than students who earned a lower grade, and students who earned a grade higher than 103 percent in grade 10 English had a higher pass rate on the writing subtest than students who earned a lower grade. For group 2, students who did not receive a Pell Grant (a proxy for socioeconomic status) had a higher Praxis Core test pass rate than students who did receive a Pell Grant, students who earned a grade of B or higher in first-year college English had a higher Praxis Core test pass rate than students who earned a lower grade, and male students had a higher pass rate on the reading and math subtests than female students. The study findings have several implications for intervention plans at both the secondary and postsecondary levels. Although students must pass all three Praxis subtests to be admitted to the teacher preparation program at the School of Education, examining student performance on each subtest can help stakeholders understand the content areas in which students might need more support. In the long term preparing more prospective teachers for the Praxis Core test might increase program enrollment, which in turn might increase the on-island hiring pool. [For the full report, see ED613684. For the Study Snapshot, see ED613685. For the appendixes, see ED613687.]

Published
2021

156. Using High School and College Data to Predict Teacher Candidates' Performance on the Praxis at Unibetsedåt Guåhan (University of Guam). REL 2021-104

Author

National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance (NCEE) (ED/IES), Regional Educational Laboratory Pacific (ED), McREL International, Donahue, Tara, Rentz, Bradley, Santos, Michelle, Aguon, Alicia C., and Arens, Sheila A.

Abstract

Policymakers and educators on Guåhan (Guam) are concerned about the persistent shortage of qualified K-12 teachers. Staff at the Unibetsedåt Guåhan (University of Guam, UOG) School of Education, the only local university that offers a teacher training and certification program, believe that more students are interested in becoming teachers but that the program's admissions requirements--in particular, the Praxis® Core test, which consists of reading, writing, and math subtests--might be a barrier. Little is known about the predictors for passing the Praxis Core test. This makes it difficult to develop and implement targeted interventions to help students pass the test and prepare for the program. This study examined which student demographic and academic preparation characteristics predict passing the Praxis Core test and each of its subtests. The study examined two groups of students who attempted at least one subtest within three years of enrolling at UOG: students who graduated from a Guåhan public high school (group 1) and all students, regardless of the high school from which they graduated (group 2). Just over half the students in each group passed the Praxis Core test (passed all three subtests) within three years of enrolling at UOG. The pass rate was lower on the math subtest than on the reading and writing subtests. For group 1, students who earned credit for at least one semester of Advanced Placement or honors math courses in high school had a higher pass rate on the Praxis Core test than students who did not earn any credit for those courses, students who earned a grade of 92 percent or higher in grade 10 English had a higher pass rate on the reading subtest than students who earned a lower grade, and students who earned a grade higher than 103 percent in grade 10 English had a higher pass rate on the writing subtest than students who earned a lower grade. For group 2, students who did not receive a Pell Grant (a proxy for socioeconomic status) had a higher Praxis Core test pass rate than students who did receive a Pell Grant, students who earned a grade of B or higher in first-year college English had a higher Praxis Core test pass rate than students who earned a lower grade, and male students had a higher pass rate on the reading and math subtests than female students. The study findings have several implications for intervention plans at both the secondary and postsecondary levels. Although students must pass all three Praxis subtests to be admitted to the teacher preparation program at the School of Education, examining student performance on each subtest can help stakeholders understand the content areas in which students might need more support. In the long term preparing more prospective teachers for the Praxis Core test might increase program enrollment, which in turn might increase the on-island hiring pool. [For the Study Snapshot, see ED613685. For the Study Brief, see ED613686. For the appendixes, see ED613687.]

Published
2021

157. Connecting the dots: sex, depression, and musculoskeletal health

Author

Newman, Mackenzie, Donahue, Henry J., and Neigh, Gretchen N.

Subjects
Psychological aspects, Physiological aspects, Health aspects, Depression (Mood disorder) -- Health aspects, Medical research, Musculoskeletal diseases -- Psychological aspects -- Physiological aspects, Sex differences (Biology) -- Health aspects -- Psychological aspects, Medicine, Experimental, Depression, Mental -- Health aspects
Abstract

Parallels in sex differences: depression and musculoskeletal health Sex differences in both depression (1, 2) and musculoskeletal health (3, 4) are well established. Depression and related disorders affect 4 of [...], Depression and multiple musculoskeletal disorders are overrepresented in women compared with men. Given that depression is a modifiable risk factor and improvement of depressive symptoms increases positive outcomes following orthopedic intervention, efforts to improve clinical recognition of depressive symptoms and increased action toward ameliorating depressive symptoms among orthopedic patients are positioned to reduce complications and positively affect patient-reported outcomes. Although psychosocial factors play a role in the manifestation and remittance of depression, it is also well appreciated that primary biochemical changes are capable of causing and perpetuating depression. Unique insight for novel treatments of depression may be facilitated by query of the bidirectional relationship between musculoskeletal health and depression. This Review aims to synthesize the diverse literature on sex, depression, and orthopedics and emphasize the potential for common underlying biological substrates. Given the overrepresentation of depression and musculoskeletal disorders among women, increased emphasis on the biological drivers of the co- occurrence of these disorders is positioned to improve women's health.

Published
2024
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160. Identification of atypical pediatric diabetes mellitus cases using electronic medical records

Author

Christine Lee, Mohsen Bahmani Kashkouli, Irl B Hirsch, Jordan Smith, Rebecca Lorch, Jose C Florez, Pengfei Liu, Jeffrey P Krischer, Beena Akolkar, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Christopher Eberhard, Steven Fiske, Jennifer Garmeson, Christina Karges, Noah Sulman, Michael Toth, Mustafa Tosur, Marcela Astudillo, Catherine Pihoker, Sara Cromer, Jennifer Scott, Toni I Pollin, Maria J Redondo, Stephanie Sisley, Pablo Ruiz, Mary Larkin, Wendy K Chung, Lee-Jun Wong, Aniko Sabo, William Marshall, Louis H Philipson, Rita Hench, Elif A Oral, Kieren Mather, Neda Rasouli, Lainie Friedman Ross, Janet McGill, Paula Newton, Baris Akinci, Mary Ann Banerji, Steven E Kahn, Sarah Adams, Hongzheng Dai, Victoria Chen, Maaz Ahmed, Stephen Stone, Rebecca Wood, Emily Sims, Aaron Deutsch, Sarah Müller, John Buse, Jacqueline Lonier, Nopporn Thangthaeng, Marcela F Astudillo, William E Winter, Liana K Billings, Raymond Kreienkamp, William Craigen, Ansley Davis, Monica Dussan, Jordana Faruqi, Ruchi Gaba, Mark Herman, Shalini Jhangiani, Elizabeth Kubota-Mishra, Iliana Migacz, Nkechinyere Osuji, Jennifer Posey, Nalini Ram, Alejandro Siller, Eric Venner, Adriana Cardenas, Dimpi Desai, Mary Fang, Erica Hattery, Adrienne Ideouzu, Julizza Jimenez, Nupur Kikani, Graciela Montes, David Murdock, Nikalina G O’Brien, Robin Goland, Anabel Evans, Rachelle Gandica, Rudolph Leibel, Kaisha Mofford, James Pring, Carmella Evans-Molina, Farrah Anwar, Hannah Lease, Angelica Mckibben, Gabriela Monaco, Zeb Saeed, Maria Spall, Marimar Hernandez-Perez, Kelly Moors, Anna Neyman, Miriam S Udler, Julia Douvas, Melton Fan, Cristinia Fernandez Hernandez, Evelyn Greaux, Saadhvi Kartik, Pam Ricevuto, Armen I Yerevanian, Melissa Calverley, Kathy Chu, Mariella Facibene, Christopher Han, Dorit Koren, Micah Koss, Amy Sabean, Jordan Sherwood, Necole Brown, Lina Soni, Lorraine Thomas, Jennifer Abrams, Kylnt Bally, Beisi Ji, Samara Skiwiersky, SiriAtma W Greeley, Graeme Bell, Shanna Banogon, Jui Desai, Anisa Dye, David Ehrmann, Lisa R Letourneau-Freiberg, Carlin Lockwood, Kynnedie Maloz, Rochelle N Naylor, Kaylee Oppenheimer, Erin Papciak, Karen Rodriguez, Rachel Son, Manu Sundaresan, Chelsea Wu, Colleen Bender, Persephone Tian, PA-C Chelsea Baker, Megan Riff, Courtney King, Wyatt Pfau, Avinash Pyreddy, Marjan Rezaei, Katlyn Sawyer, Vatsala Singh, Jules Barklow, Noosha Farhat, Andrew Her, Carter Odean, Gregory Schleis, Chantal Underkofler, Hadley Bryan, Ryan Jollie, Kristin Maloney, Jennifer Marron, Ryan Miller, Maria Eleni Nikita, Knightess Oyibo, Kristi Silver, Hilary Whitlatch, Cindi Young, Kathleen Palmer, Stephanie Riley, Devon Nwaba, Elizabeth Streeten, Jessica Tiner, David Broome, Merve Celik-Gular, Tae-Hwa Chun, Anabela Dill Gomes, Maria Foss de Freitas, Brigid Gregg, Donatella Gilio, Seda Grigoryan, Diarratou Kaba, Melda Sonmez Ince, Adam Neidert, Carman Richison, Salman Imam, Jamie Diner, Cassandra Donahue, Rachael Fraser, Karla Fulghum, Faryal Gilani, Tahereh Ghorbani, Alex Kass, Nina Jain, Klara Klein, Lauren Larison, Brooke Matson, Catherine Morba, Chase Armstrong, Sue Kirkman, Jesica Baran, Rosanna Holod, Dori Khakpour, Patali Mandava, Lori Sameshima, Xiaofu Dong, Thanmai Kalerus, Beth Loots, Kathleen Santarelli, Cisco Pascual, Kevin Niswender, Norma Edwards, Justin Gregory, Alvin Powers, Andrea Ramirez, Fumihiko Urano, Samantha Adamson, Cris Brown, Joel Brune, Mary Jane Clifton, Jing Hughes, Stacy Hurst, Isabella Paolicelli, Brittany Zwijack, Toko Campbell, Jennifer May, Rajesh Adusumalli, Bruce Albritton, Analia Aquino, Paul Bransford, Nicholas Cadigan, Laura Gandolfo, Joseph Gomes, Robert Gowing, Juan Herrera, Callyn Kirk, Jean Morissette, Hemang M Parikh, Francisco Perez-Laras, Cassandra L Remedios, Lili Wurmser, Brandy Hutchinson, Sidhvi Nekkanti, MacKenzie Brandes, Noël Burtt, Jason Flannick, Ryan Koesterer, Phebe Olorunfemi, Ahmed Alkanaq, Lizz Caulkins, Clive Wasserfall, David Pittman, William Winter, David J Carey, Daniel Hood, Santica M Marcovina, and Christopher B Newgard

Subjects
Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, RC648-665
Abstract

Introduction There are no established methods to identify children with atypical diabetes for further study. We aimed to develop strategies to systematically ascertain cases of atypical pediatric diabetes using electronic medical records (EMR).Research design and methods We tested two strategies in a large pediatric hospital in the USA. Strategy 1: we designed a questionnaire to rule out typical diabetes and applied it to the EMR of 100 youth with diabetes. Strategy 2: we built three electronic queries to generate reports of three atypical pediatric diabetes phenotypes: unknown type, type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosed

Published
2024
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161. Engineering Conductive Hydrogels with Tissue‐like Properties: A 3D Bioprinting and Enzymatic Polymerization Approach

Author

Changbai Li, Sajjad Naeimipour, Fatemeh Rasti Boroojeni, Tobias Abrahamsson, Xenofon Strakosas, Yangpeiqi Yi, Rebecka Rilemark, Caroline Lindholm, Venkata K. Perla, Chiara Musumeci, Yuyang Li, Hanne Biesmans, Marios Savvakis, Eva Olsson, Klas Tybrandt, Mary J. Donahue, Jennifer Y. Gerasimov, Robert Selegård, Magnus Berggren, Daniel Aili, and Daniel T. Simon

Subjects
3D printing, cell scaffold, conducting polymer, in vitro, polymerization, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract

Hydrogels are promising materials for medical devices interfacing with neural tissues due to their similar mechanical properties. Traditional hydrogel‐based bio‐interfaces lack sufficient electrical conductivity, relying on low ionic conductivity, which limits signal transduction distance. Conducting polymer hydrogels offer enhanced ionic and electronic conductivities and biocompatibility but often face challenges in processability and require aggressive polymerization methods. Herein, we demonstrate in situ enzymatic polymerization of π‐conjugated monomers in a hyaluronan (HA)‐based hydrogel bioink to create cell‐compatible, electrically conductive hydrogel structures. These structures were fabricated using 3D bioprinting of HA‐based bioinks loaded with conjugated monomers, followed by enzymatic polymerization via horseradish peroxidase. This process increased the hydrogels’ stiffness from about 0.6 to 1.5 kPa and modified their electroactivity. The components and polymerization process were well‐tolerated by human primary dermal fibroblasts and PC12 cells. This work presents a novel method to fabricate cytocompatible and conductive hydrogels suitable for bioprinting. These hybrid materials combine tissue‐like mechanical properties with mixed ionic and electronic conductivity, providing new ways to use electricity to influence cell behavior in a native‐like microenvironment.

Published
2024
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162. Comparison of Countermovement Jump Strategy With and Without An Arm Swing

Author

Ayden K. McInnis and Paul Donahue

Subjects
Countermovement jump, Jump strategy, Athlete testing, Sports, GV557-1198.995, Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract

The countermovement jump (CMJ) is commonly used to assess both acute neuromuscular performance as well as adaptions to periods of training. Two methodologies are typically employed when performing the CMJ assessment. The first allows for the use of an arm swing (AS) to add a level of sport-specificity to the testing. The second restricts the movement of the arms (NAS) to allow for an assessment of the musculature of only the lower body. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to examine differences in jump strategy between the two methodologies. Twenty-five female Division I collegiate athletes (volleyball = 13, beach volleyball = 12) participated in this investigation. Participants performed two CMJ in both the AS and NAS conditions. A paired samples t-test was used to evaluate differences in jump performance and jump strategy variables. During the braking phase of the CMJ statistical higher force values (p < 0.01) were seen in the NAS condition while longer phase durations were present in the AS condition (p < 0.001). No difference was seen in braking net impulse. During the propulsive phase statistically greater duration was seen in the AS condition (p < 0.001) leading to a greater propulsive net impulse (p < 0.001). The AS condition also displayed greater jump heights, countermovement depth and time to take off durations (p < 0.001) with no differences in reactive strength index modified. When performing CMJ assessments practitioners should consider which methodology they use carefully as the NAS assessment used a more force driven strategy while the AS used a time driven strategy.

Published
2024
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163. Generation of a gene-corrected human isogenic iPSC line from an Alzheimer’s disease iPSC line carrying the PSEN1 H163R mutation

Author

Damián Hernández, Stephanie Morgan Schlicht, Jordan Elli Clarke, Maciej Daniszewski, Celeste M. Karch, Alison M. Goate, Alice Pébay, Sarah Adams, Ricardo Allegri, Aki Araki, Nicolas Barthelemy, Randall Bateman, Jacob Bechara, Tammie Benzinger, Sarah Berman, Courtney Bodge, Sus Brandon, William (Bill) Brooks, Jared Brosch, Jill Buck, Virginia Buckles, Kathleen Carter, Lisa Cash, Charlie Chen, Jasmeer Chhatwal, Patricio Chrem Mendez, Jasmin Chua, Helena Chui, Laura Courtney, Carlos Cruchaga, Gregory S Day, Chrismary DeLaCruz, Darcy Denner, Anna Diffenbacher, Aylin Dincer, Tamara Donahue, Jane Douglas, Duc Duong, Noelia Egido, Bianca Esposito, Anne Fagan, Marty Farlow, Becca Feldman, Colleen Fitzpatrick, Shaney Flores, Nick Fox, Erin Franklin, Nelly Joseph-Mathurin, Hisako Fujii, Samantha Gardener, Bernardino Ghetti, Alison Goate, Sarah Goldberg, Jill Goldman, Alyssa Gonzalez, Brian Gordon, Susanne Gr¨aber-Sultan, Neill Graff-Radford, Morgan Graham, Julia Gray, Emily Gremminger, Miguel Grilo, Alex Groves, Christian Haass, Lisa H¨asler, Jason Hassenstab, Cortaiga Hellm, Elizabeth Herries, Laura Hoechst-Swisher, Anna Hofmann, David Holtzman, Russ Hornbeck, Yakushev Igor, Ryoko Ihara, Takeshi Ikeuchi, Snezana Ikonomovic, Kenji Ishii, Clifford Jack, Gina Jerome, Erik Johnson, Mathias Jucker, Celeste Karch, Stephan K¨aser, Kensaku Kasuga, Sarah Keefe, William Klunk, Robert Koeppe, Deb Koudelis, Elke Kuder-Buletta, Christoph Laske, Allan Levey, Johannes Levin, Yan Li, Oscar Lopez, Jacob Marsh, Ralph Martins, Neal Scott Mason, Colin Masters, Kwasi Mawuenyega, Austin McCullough, Eric McDade, Arlene Mejia, Estrella Morenas-Rodriguez, John Morris, James Mountz, Cath Mummery, Neelesh Nadkarni, Akemi Nagamatsu, Katie Neimeyer, Yoshiki Niimi, James Noble, Joanne Norton, Brigitte Nuscher, Ulricke Obermüller, Antoinette O’Connor, Riddhi Patira, Richard Perrin, Lingyan Ping, Oliver Preische, Alan Renton, John Ringman, Stephen Salloway, Peter Schofield, Michio Senda, Nicholas T Seyfried, Kristine Shady, Hiroyuki Shimada, Wendy Sigurdson, Jennifer Smith, Lori Smith, Beth Snitz, Hamid Sohrabi, Sochenda Stephens, Kevin Taddei, Sarah Thompson, Jonathan V¨oglein, Peter Wang, Qing Wang, Elise Weamer, Chengjie Xiong, Jinbin Xu, and Xiong Xu

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

We report the generation of a gene-edited human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line from an Alzheimer’s disease patient-derived iPSC line harbouring the PSEN1 H163R mutation. This line demonstrates pluripotent stem cell morphology, expression of pluripotency markers, and maintains a normal karyotype.

Published
2024
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164. The strongest cool core in REXCESS: Missing X-ray cavities in RXC J2014.8-2430

Author

Mroczkowski, Tony, Donahue, Megan, van Marrewijk, Joshiwa, Clarke, Tracy E., Hoffer, Aaron, Intema, Huib, Di Mascolo, Luca, Popping, Gergö, Pratt, Gabriel W., Sun, Ming, and Voit, Mark

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present a multiwavelength study of RXC J2014.8-2430, the most extreme cool-core cluster in the Representative $XMM-Newton$ Cluster Structure Survey (REXCESS), using $Chandra$ X-ray, Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), Very Large Array (VLA), and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations. While feedback from an active galactic nucleus (AGN) is thought to be the dominant mechanism by which a cooling flow is suppressed, the $Chandra$ imaging observations surprisingly do not reveal the bi-lateral X-ray cavities expected in the intracluster medium (ICM) of an extreme cool core hosting a powerful radio source. We discuss the limits on the presence of any radio bubbles associated with any undetected X-ray cavities. We place upper limits on any significant X-ray AGN in the brightest cluster galaxy, and show that the X-ray peak is offset from the central radio source, which exhibits a steep low frequency radio spectrum indicative of electron ageing. The SOAR data reveal an extended, luminous emission line source. From our narrowband H$\alpha$ imaging of the BCG, the central H$\alpha$ peak is coincident with the radio observations, yet offset from the X-ray peak, consistent with sloshing found previously in this cluster. ALMA observations reveal a large reservoir of molecular gas that traces the extended H$\alpha$ emission. We conclude either that the radio source and its cavities in the X-ray gas are nearly aligned along the line of sight, or that ram pressure induced by sloshing has significantly displaced the cool molecular gas feeding it, perhaps preempting the AGN feedback cycle. We argue that the sloshing near the core is likely subsonic, as expected, given the co-location of the H$\alpha$, CO(1-0), radio continuum, and stellar emission peaks and their proximity to the intact cool core seen in X-ray., Comment: 20 pages (including the appendix), 15 figures. A&A accepted on 18 July 2022

Published
2022
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165. Testing the Limits of AGN Feedback and the Onset of Thermal Instability in the Most Rapidly Star Forming Brightest Cluster Galaxies

Author

Calzadilla, Michael S., McDonald, Michael, Donahue, Megan, McNamara, Brian R., Fogarty, Kevin, Gaspari, Massimo, Gitti, Myriam, Russell, Helen R., Tremblay, Grant R., Voit, G. Mark, and Ubertosi, Francesco

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present new, deep, narrow- and broad-band Hubble Space Telescope observations of seven of the most star-forming brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs). Continuum-subtracted [O II] maps reveal the detailed, complex structure of warm ($T \sim 10^4$ K) ionized gas filaments in these BCGs, allowing us to measure spatially-resolved star formation rates (SFRs) of ~60-600 Msun/yr. We compare the SFRs in these systems and others from the literature to their intracluster medium (ICM) cooling rates (dM/dt), measured from archival Chandra X-ray data, finding a best-fit relation of log(SFR) = (1.67+/-0.17) log(dM/dt) + (-3.25+/-0.38) with an intrinsic scatter of 0.39+/-0.09 dex. This steeper-than-unity slope implies an increasingly efficient conversion of hot ($T \sim 10^7$ K) gas into young stars with increasing dM/dt, or conversely a gradual decrease in the effectiveness of AGN feedback in the strongest cool cores. We also seek to understand the physical extent of these multiphase filaments that we observe in cluster cores. We show, for the first time, that the average extent of the multiphase gas is always smaller than the radii at which the cooling time reaches 1 Gyr, the tcool/tff profile flattens, and that X-ray cavities are observed. This implies a close connection between the multiphase filaments, the thermodynamics of the cooling core, and the dynamics of X-ray bubbles. Interestingly, we find a one-to-one correlation between the average extent of cool multiphase filaments and the radius at which the cooling time reaches 0.5 Gyr, which may be indicative of a universal condensation timescale in cluster cores., Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables. Submitted to ApJ

Published
2022
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166. 2024 TOP MUSIC LAWYERS: These attorneys are on the front lines of the music industry's legal battles and deals--led by Lawyer of the Year Christine Lepera, the go-to litigator for Katy Perry, Drake, Jay-Z and others

Author

Donahue, Bill

Subjects
Attorneys -- Achievements and awards, Arts and entertainment industries, Music
Abstract

LAWYER OF THE YEAR Christine Lepera Mitchell Silberberg & Knupp CHRISTINE LEPERA MIGHT BE ONE of the country's top music litigators, but decades ago, she wasn't even sure she still [...]

Published
2024

167. Efficacy of a small molecule inhibitor of KrasG12D in immunocompetent models of pancreatic cancer

Author

Kemp, Samantha B, Cheng, Noah, Markosyan, Nune, Sor, Rina, Kim, Il-Kyu, Hallin, Jill, Shoush, Jason, Quinones, Liz, Brown, Natalie V, Bassett, Jared B, Joshi, Nikhil, Yuan, Salina, Smith, Molly, Vostrejs, William P, Perez-Vale, Kia Z, Kahn, Benjamin, Mo, Feiyan, Donahue, Timothy R, Radu, Caius G, Clendenin, Cynthia, Christensen, James G, Vonderheide, Robert H, and Stanger, Ben Z

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Orphan Drug, Rare Diseases, Pancreatic Cancer, Cancer, Digestive Diseases, Genetics, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Humans, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Mutation, Cell Line, Tumor, Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras), Tumor Microenvironment, Biochemistry and cell biology, Oncology and carcinogenesis
Abstract

Mutations in the KRAS oncogene are found in more than 90% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with Gly-to-Asp mutations (KRASG12D) being the most common. Here, we tested the efficacy of a small-molecule KRASG12D inhibitor, MRTX1133, in implantable and autochthonous PDAC models with an intact immune system. In vitro studies validated the specificity and potency of MRTX1133. In vivo, MRTX1133 prompted deep tumor regressions in all models tested, including complete or near-complete remissions after 14 days. Concomitant with tumor cell apoptosis and proliferative arrest, drug treatment led to marked shifts in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including changes in fibroblasts, matrix, and macrophages. T cells were necessary for MRTX1133's full antitumor effect, and T-cell depletion accelerated tumor regrowth after therapy. These results validate the specificity, potency, and efficacy of MRTX1133 in immunocompetent KRASG12D-mutant PDAC models, providing a rationale for clinical testing and a platform for further investigation of combination therapies.SignificancePharmacologic inhibition of KRASG12D in pancreatic cancer models with an intact immune system stimulates specific, potent, and durable tumor regressions. In the absence of overt toxicity, these results suggest that this and similar inhibitors should be tested as potential, high-impact novel therapies for patients with PDAC. See related commentary by Redding and Grabocka, p. 260. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247.

Published
2023

168. Indirect Comparison of Lenadogene Nolparvovec Gene Therapy Versus Natural History in Patients with Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Carrying the m.11778G>A MT-ND4 Mutation.

Author

Carelli, Valerio, Newman, Nancy, Yu-Wai-Man, Patrick, Biousse, Valerie, Moster, Mark, Subramanian, Prem, Vignal-Clermont, Catherine, Wang, An-Guor, Donahue, Sean, Leroy, Bart, Sergott, Robert, Klopstock, Thomas, Sadun, Alfredo, Rebolleda Fernández, Gema, Chwalisz, Bart, Banik, Rudrani, Girmens, Jean, La Morgia, Chiara, DeBusk, Adam, Jurkute, Neringa, Priglinger, Claudia, Karanjia, Rustum, Josse, Constant, Salzmann, Julie, Montestruc, François, Roux, Michel, Taiel, Magali, and Sahel, José-Alain

Subjects
Gene therapy, LHON, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, MT-ND4, Natural history, Visual acuity
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Lenadogene nolparvovec is a promising novel gene therapy for patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) carrying the m.11778G>A ND4 mutation (MT-ND4). A previous pooled analysis of phase 3 studies showed an improvement in visual acuity of patients injected with lenadogene nolparvovec compared to natural history. Here, we report updated results by incorporating data from the latest phase 3 trial REFLECT in the pool, increasing the number of treated patients from 76 to 174. METHODS: The visual acuity of 174 MT-ND4-carrying patients with LHON injected in one or both eyes with lenadogene nolparvovec from four pooled phase 3 studies (REVERSE, RESCUE and their long-term extension trial RESTORE; and REFLECT trial) was compared to the spontaneous evolution of an external control group of 208 matched patients from 11 natural history studies. RESULTS: Treated patients showed a clinically relevant and sustained improvement in their visual acuity when compared to natural history. Mean improvement versus natural history was - 0.30 logMAR (+ 15 ETDRS letters equivalent) at last observation (P

Published
2023

169. Occupational Stress: A Concept Analysis with Implications for Immigrant Workers Mental Health in the United States.

Author

Serafica, Reimund, Grigsby, Timothy, Donahue, Bradley, and Evangelista, Lorraine

Subjects
Humans, United States, Mental Health, Emigrants and Immigrants, Occupational Stress
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Occupational stress is a phenomenon affecting people worldwide. Investigating occupational stress among immigrant worker populations will unravel some of the intricacies of this condition and its psychological effects on this population. AIM: This paper conceptually examined occupational stress within the context of immigrant workers mental health and offer an operational definition to aid nurse researchers, educators, and practitioners in assessing and managing patients and developing culturally appropriate interventions for this population. DESIGN: Walker and Avants eight-step concept analysis is used as an organizing framework. DATA SOURCE: MEDLINE, CINAHL, OVID, PubMed, and APA Psych Info. REVIEW METHODS: Keywords job stress, immigrant work stress, occupational stress scale, immigrant work-related stress, and mental health were used. The search yielded 142 articles; 17 were selected based on the effect of work stress on mental health. RESULTS: This analysis found that occupational stress can be attributed to communication problems, alienation, discrimination, and barriers to work-life balance can cause negative consequences among immigrants. An operational definition is also provided. CONCLUSION: There is a growing need to examine closely and differentiate between occupational and acculturative stress to navigate a more profound understanding of how these conditions negatively complement each other.

Published
2023

170. 18F-FDG PET Visualizes Systemic STING Agonist-Induced Lymphocyte Activation in Preclinical Models

Author

Le, Thuc M, Lee, Hailey R, Abt, Evan R, Rashid, Khalid, Creech, Amanda L, Liang, Keke, Cui, Jing, Cho, Arthur, Wei, Liu, Labora, Amanda, Chan, Charlotte, Sanchez, Eric, Kriti, Kriti, Karin, Daniel, Li, Luyi, Wu, Nanping, Mona, Christine, Carlucci, Giuseppe, Hugo, Willy, Wu, Ting-Ting, Donahue, Timothy R, Czernin, Johannes, and Radu, Caius G

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Immunology, Biomedical Imaging, Genetics, Immunotherapy, Cancer, Inflammatory and immune system, Male, Animals, Mice, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Lymphocyte Activation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Positron-Emission Tomography, Signal Transduction, STING agonists, F-18-FDG PET, lymphocytes, immune activation, immunometabolism, 18F-FDG PET, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a mediator of immune recognition of cytosolic DNA, which plays important roles in cancer, cytotoxic therapies, and infections with certain pathogens. Although pharmacologic STING activation stimulates potent antitumor immune responses in animal models, clinically applicable pharmacodynamic biomarkers that inform of the magnitude, duration, and location of immune activation elicited by systemic STING agonists are yet to be described. We investigated whether systemic STING activation induces metabolic alterations in immune cells that can be visualized by PET imaging. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were treated with systemic STING agonists and imaged with 18F-FDG PET after 24 h. Splenocytes were harvested 6 h after STING agonist administration and analyzed by single-cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. 18F-FDG uptake in total splenocytes and immunomagnetically enriched splenic B and T lymphocytes from STING agonist-treated mice was measured by γ-counting. In mice bearing prostate or pancreas cancer tumors, the effects of STING agonist treatment on 18F-FDG uptake, T-lymphocyte activation marker levels, and tumor growth were evaluated. Results: Systemic delivery of structurally distinct STING agonists in mice significantly increased 18F-FDG uptake in the spleen. The average spleen SUVmax in control mice was 1.90 (range, 1.56-2.34), compared with 4.55 (range, 3.35-6.20) in STING agonist-treated mice (P < 0.0001). Single-cell transcriptional and flow cytometry analyses of immune cells from systemic STING agonist-treated mice revealed enrichment of a glycolytic transcriptional signature in both T and B lymphocytes that correlated with the induction of immune cell activation markers. In tumor-bearing mice, STING agonist administration significantly delayed tumor growth and increased 18F-FDG uptake in secondary lymphoid organs. Conclusion: These findings reveal hitherto unknown functional links between STING signaling and immunometabolism and suggest that 18F-FDG PET may provide a widely applicable approach toward measuring the pharmacodynamic effects of systemic STING agonists at a whole-body level and guiding their clinical development.

Published
2023

171. Construction of a radiogenomic association map of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Author

Jamshidi, Neema, Senthilvelan, Jayasuriya, Dawson, David W, Donahue, Timothy R, and Kuo, Michael D

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Oncology and Carcinogenesis, Digestive Diseases, Rare Diseases, Cancer, Genetics, Pancreatic Cancer, Biomedical Imaging, Human Genome, Good Health and Well Being, Humans, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Adenocarcinoma, Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal, Gene Expression Profiling, Prognosis, Pancreatic cancer, Radiogenomics, Network biology, Tumor enhancement, Non-invasive, Glycerophospholipid metabolism, Podosome assembly, Mitophagy, Infiltrative, TGF-beta, Tumor-stroma interface, Contrast-enhanced CT, Transcriptome, TGF-β, Public Health and Health Services, Oncology & Carcinogenesis, Oncology and carcinogenesis, Epidemiology
Abstract

BackgroundPancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) persists as a malignancy with high morbidity and mortality that can benefit from new means to characterize and detect these tumors, such as radiogenomics. In order to address this gap in the literature, constructed a transcriptomic-CT radiogenomic (RG) map for PDAC.MethodsIn this Institutional Review Board approved study, a cohort of subjects (n = 50) with gene expression profile data paired with histopathologically confirmed resectable or borderline resectable PDAC were identified. Studies with pre-operative contrast-enhanced CT images were independently assessed for a set of 88 predefined imaging features. Microarray gene expression profiling was then carried out on the histopathologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinomas and gene networks were constructed using Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis (WCGNA) (n = 37). Data were analyzed with bioinformatics analyses, multivariate regression-based methods, and Kaplan-Meier survival analyses.ResultsSurvival analyses identified multiple features of interest that were significantly associated with overall survival, including Tumor Height (P = 0.014), Tumor Contour (P = 0.033), Tumor-stroma Interface (P = 0.014), and the Tumor Enhancement Ratio (P = 0.047). Gene networks for these imaging features were then constructed using WCGNA and further annotated according to the Gene Ontology (GO) annotation framework for a biologically coherent interpretation of the imaging trait-associated gene networks, ultimately resulting in a PDAC RG CT-transcriptome map composed of 3 stage-independent imaging traits enriched in metabolic processes, telomerase activity, and podosome assembly (P

Published
2023

172. Chemical clocks: using otolith geochemistry to enhance estimation of age and growth of white hake (Urophycis tenuis)

Author

LaFreniere, Benjamin R., Donahue, Briony, Price, Jillian E., Cruz-Uribe, Alicia, Miller, Nate, Manard, Benjamin T., McBride, Richard, and Mohan, John A.

Subjects
Population biology -- Growth, Fishes -- Growth, Mass spectrometry, Company growth, Company business forecast/projection, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The use of biological hard structures, such as otoliths, is the most common method of aging bony fish (Pannella, 1971; Gauldie and Nelson, 1990; Stevenson and Campana, 1992), dating back [...]

Published
2024
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173. Cancer cells restrict immunogenicity of retrotransposon expression via distinct mechanisms

Author

Sun, Siyu, You, Eunae, Hong, Jungeui, Hoyos, David, Del Priore, Isabella, Tsanov, Kaloyan M., Mattagajasingh, Om, Di Gioacchino, Andrea, Marhon, Sajid A., Chacon-Barahona, Jonathan, Li, Hao, Jiang, Hua, Hozeifi, Samira, Rosas-Bringas, Omar, Xu, Katherine H., Song, Yuhui, Lang, Evan R., Rojas, Alexandra S., Nieman, Linda T., Patel, Bidish K., Murali, Rajmohan, Chanda, Pharto, Karacay, Ali, Vabret, Nicolas, De Carvalho, Daniel D., Zenklusen, Daniel, LaCava, John, Lowe, Scott W., Ting, David T., Iacobuzio-Donahue, Christine A., Solovyov, Alexander, and Greenbaum, Benjamin D.

Published
2024
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180. Bis[tris(diisobutyldithiocarbamato)-μ3-sulfido-tri-μ2-disulfido-trimolybdenum(IV)] sulfide tetrahydrofuran monosolvate

Author

Addison Fraker, James P. Donahue, and Alex McSkimming

Subjects
molybdenum sulfide cluster, dithiocarbamate ligand, μ6-sulfide ligand, crystal structure, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

The title compound, [Mo3(C9H18NS2)3(S2)3S]2S, crystallizes on a general position in the monoclinic space group P21/n (No. 14). The cationic [Mo3S7(S2CNiBu2)3]+ fragments are joined by a monosulfide dianion that forms close S...S contacts to each of the disulfide ligands on the side of the Mo3 plane opposite the μ32− ligand. The two Mo3 planes are inclined at an angle of 40.637 (15)°, which gives the assembly an open clamshell-like appearance. One μ6-S2−...S22− contact, at 2.4849 (14) Å, is appreciably shorter than the remaining five, which are in the range 2.7252 (13)–2.8077 (14) Å.

Published
2024
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181. Mapping surface hoar from near-infrared texture in a laboratory

Author

J. Dillon, C. Donahue, E. Schehrer, K. Birkeland, and K. Hammonds

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Surface hoar crystals are snow grains that form when water vapor deposits on the snow surface. Once buried, surface hoar creates a weak layer in the snowpack that can later cause large avalanches to occur. The formation and persistence of surface hoar are highly spatiotemporally variable, making its detection difficult. Remote-sensing technology capable of detecting the presence and spatial distribution of surface hoar would be beneficial for avalanche forecasting, but this capability has yet to be developed. Here, we hypothesize that near-infrared (NIR) texture, defined as the spatial variability of reflectance magnitude, may produce an optical signature unique to surface hoar due to the distinct shape and orientation of the grains. We tested this hypothesis by performing reflectance experiments in a controlled cold laboratory environment to evaluate the potential and accuracy of surface hoar mapping from NIR texture using a near-infrared hyperspectral imager (NIR-HSI) and a lidar operating at 1064 nm. We analyzed 41 snow samples, three of which were surface hoar and 38 of which consisted of other grain morphologies. When using NIR-HSI under direct and diffuse illumination, we found that surface hoar displayed higher NIR texture relative to all other grain shapes across numerous spectral bands and a wide range of spatial resolutions (0.5–50 mm). Due to the large number of spectral- and spatial-resolution combinations, we conducted a detailed samplewise case study at 1324 nm spectral and 10 mm spatial resolution. The case study resulted in the median texture of surface hoar being 1.3 to 8.6 times greater than that of the 38 other samples under direct and diffuse illumination (p < 0.05 in all cases). Using lidar, surface hoar also exhibited significantly increased NIR texture in 30 out of 38 samples, but only at select (5–25 mm) spatial resolutions. Leveraging these results, we propose a simple binary classification algorithm to map the extent of surface hoar on a pixelwise basis using both the NIR-HSI and lidar instruments. The NIR-HSI under direct and diffuse illumination performed best, with a median accuracy of 96.91 % and 97.37 %, respectively. Conversely, the median classification accuracy achieved with lidar was only 66.99 %. Further, to assess the repeatability of our method and demonstrate its mapping capacity, we ran the algorithm on a new sample with mixed microstructures, with an accuracy of 99.61 % and 96.15 % achieved using NIR-HSI under direct and diffuse illumination, respectively. As NIR-HSI detectors become increasingly available, our findings demonstrate the potential of a new tool for avalanche forecasters to remotely assess the spatiotemporal variability of surface hoar, which would improve avalanche forecasts and potentially save lives.

Published
2024
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182. Implementation and Validation of an Automated, Longitudinal Robotic Surgical Evaluation and Feedback Program at a High-volume Center and Impact on Training

Author

Rand N. Wilcox Vanden Berg, Emily A. Vertosick, Daniel D. Sjoberg, Eugene K. Cha, Jonathan A. Coleman, Timothy F. Donahue, James A. Eastham, Behfar Ehdaie, Vincent P. Laudone, Eugene J. Pietzak, Robert C. Smith, and Alvin C. Goh

Subjects
Education, Learning curve, Robotics, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Background: Surgical education lacks a standardized, proficiency-based approach to evaluation and feedback. Objective: To assess the implementation and reception (ie, feasibility) of an automated, standardized, longitudinal surgical skill assessment and feedback system, and identify baseline trainee (resident and fellow) characteristics associated with achieving proficiency in robotic surgery while learning robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. Design, setting, and participants: A quality improvement study assessing a pilot of a surgical experience tracking program was conducted over 1 yr. Participants were six fellows, eight residents, and nine attending surgeons at a tertiary cancer center. Intervention: Trainees underwent baseline self-assessment. After each surgery, an evaluation was completed independently by the trainee and attending surgeons. Performance was rated on a five-point anchored Likert scale (trainees were considered “proficient” when attending surgeons’ rating was ≥4). Technical skills were assessed using the Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) and Prostatectomy Assessment and Competency Evaluation (PACE). Outcome measurements and statistical analysis: Program success and utility were assessed by evaluating completion rates, evaluation completion times, and concordance rates between attending and trainee surgeons, and exit surveys. Baseline characteristics were assessed to determine associations with achieving proficiency. Results and limitations: Completion rates for trainees and attending surgeons were 72% and 77%, respectively. Fellows performed more steps/cases than residents (median [interquartile range]: 5 [3–7] and 3 [2–4], respectively; p < 0.01). Prior completion of robotics or laparoscopic skill courses and surgical experience measures were associated with achieving proficiency in multiple surgical steps and GEARS domains. Interclass correlation coefficients on individual components were 0.27–0.47 on GEARS domains. Conclusions: An automated surgical experience tracker with structured, longitudinal evaluation and feedback can be implemented with good participation and minimal participant time commitment, and can guide curricular development in a proficiency-based education program by identifying modifiable factors associated with proficiency, individualizing education, and identifying improvement areas within the education program. Patient summary: An automated, standardized, longitudinal surgical skill assessment and feedback system can be implemented successfully in surgical education settings and used to inform education plans and predict trainee proficiency.

Published
2024
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183. A cold laboratory hyperspectral imaging system to map grain size and ice layer distributions in firn cores

Author

I. E. McDowell, K. M. Keegan, S. M. Skiles, C. P. Donahue, E. C. Osterberg, R. L. Hawley, and H.-P. Marshall

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are covered in a layer of porous firn. Knowledge of firn structure improves our understanding of ice sheet mass balance, supra- and englacial hydrology, and ice core paleoclimate records. While macroscale firn properties, such as firn density, are relatively easy to measure in the field or lab, more intensive measurements of microstructural properties are necessary to reduce uncertainty in remote sensing observations of mass balance, model meltwater infiltration, and constrain ice age – gas age differences in ice cores. Additionally, as the duration and extent of surface melting increases, refreezing meltwater will greatly alter firn structure. Field observations of firn grain size and ice layer stratigraphy are required to test and validate physical models that simulate the ice-sheet-wide evolution of the firn layer. However, visually measuring grain size and ice layer distributions is tedious, is time-consuming, and can be subjective depending on the method. Here we demonstrate a method to systematically map firn core grain size and ice layer stratigraphy using a near-infrared hyperspectral imager (NIR-HSI; 900–1700 nm). We scanned 14 firn cores spanning ∼ 1000 km across western Greenland’s percolation zone with the NIR-HSI mounted on a linear translation stage in a cold laboratory. We leverage the relationship between effective grain size, a measure of NIR light absorption by firn grains, and NIR reflectance to produce high-resolution (0.4 mm) maps of effective grain size and ice layer stratigraphy. We show the NIR-HSI reproduces visually identified ice layer stratigraphy and infiltration ice content across all cores. Effective grain sizes change synchronously with traditionally measured grain radii with depth, although effective grains in each core are 1.5× larger on average, which is largely related to the differences in measurement techniques. To demonstrate the utility of the firn stratigraphic maps produced by the NIR-HSI, we track the 2012 melt event across the transect and assess its impact on deep firn structure by quantifying changes to infiltration ice content and grain size. These results indicate that NIR-HSI firn core analysis is a robust technique that can document deep and long-lasting changes to the firn column from meltwater percolation while quickly and accurately providing detailed firn stratigraphy datasets necessary for firn research applications.

Published
2024
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184. Post-recovery health domain scores among outpatients by SARS-CoV-2 testing status during the pre-Delta period

Author

Jennifer P. King, Jessie R. Chung, James G. Donahue, Emily T. Martin, Aleda M. Leis, Arnold S. Monto, Manjusha Gaglani, Kayan Dunnigan, Chandni Raiyani, Sharon Saydah, Brendan Flannery, and Edward A. Belongia

Subjects
COVID-19, Long COVID, Post-COVID-19 condition, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background Symptoms of COVID-19 including fatigue and dyspnea, may persist for weeks to months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study compared self-reported disability among SARS-CoV-2-positive and negative persons with mild to moderate COVID-19-like illness who presented for outpatient care before widespread COVID-19 vaccination. Methods Unvaccinated adults with COVID-19-like illness enrolled within 10 days of illness onset at three US Flu Vaccine Effectiveness Network sites were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by molecular assay. Enrollees completed an enrollment questionnaire and two follow-up surveys (7–24 days and 2–7 months after illness onset) online or by phone to assess illness characteristics and health status. The second follow-up survey included questions measuring global health, physical function, fatigue, and dyspnea. Scores in the four domains were compared by participants’ SARS-CoV-2 test results in univariate analysis and multivariable Gamma regression. Results During September 22, 2020 – February 13, 2021, 2712 eligible adults were enrolled, 1541 completed the first follow-up survey, and 650 completed the second follow-up survey. SARS-CoV-2-positive participants were more likely to report fever at acute illness but were otherwise comparable to SARS-CoV-2-negative participants. At first follow-up, SARS-CoV-2-positive participants were less likely to have reported fully or mostly recovered from their illness compared to SARS-CoV-2-negative participants. At second follow-up, no differences by SARS-CoV-2 test results were detected in the four domains in the multivariable model. Conclusion Self-reported disability was similar among outpatient SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative adults 2–7 months after illness onset.

Published
2024
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190. Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learning

Author

Alayrac, Jean-Baptiste, Donahue, Jeff, Luc, Pauline, Miech, Antoine, Barr, Iain, Hasson, Yana, Lenc, Karel, Mensch, Arthur, Millican, Katie, Reynolds, Malcolm, Ring, Roman, Rutherford, Eliza, Cabi, Serkan, Han, Tengda, Gong, Zhitao, Samangooei, Sina, Monteiro, Marianne, Menick, Jacob, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Brock, Andrew, Nematzadeh, Aida, Sharifzadeh, Sahand, Binkowski, Mikolaj, Barreira, Ricardo, Vinyals, Oriol, Zisserman, Andrew, and Simonyan, Karen

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Building models that can be rapidly adapted to novel tasks using only a handful of annotated examples is an open challenge for multimodal machine learning research. We introduce Flamingo, a family of Visual Language Models (VLM) with this ability. We propose key architectural innovations to: (i) bridge powerful pretrained vision-only and language-only models, (ii) handle sequences of arbitrarily interleaved visual and textual data, and (iii) seamlessly ingest images or videos as inputs. Thanks to their flexibility, Flamingo models can be trained on large-scale multimodal web corpora containing arbitrarily interleaved text and images, which is key to endow them with in-context few-shot learning capabilities. We perform a thorough evaluation of our models, exploring and measuring their ability to rapidly adapt to a variety of image and video tasks. These include open-ended tasks such as visual question-answering, where the model is prompted with a question which it has to answer; captioning tasks, which evaluate the ability to describe a scene or an event; and close-ended tasks such as multiple-choice visual question-answering. For tasks lying anywhere on this spectrum, a single Flamingo model can achieve a new state of the art with few-shot learning, simply by prompting the model with task-specific examples. On numerous benchmarks, Flamingo outperforms models fine-tuned on thousands of times more task-specific data., Comment: 54 pages. In Proceedings of Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 2022

Published
2022

191. Scintillation Event Localization in Hemi-Ellipsoid Detector for SPECT, a simulation study using Geant4 Monte-Carlo

Author

Soysal, Hanif R., Dey, J., Donahue, W. P., and Matthews, K. L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Medical Physics
Abstract

A high sensitivity Cardiac SPECT system using curved crystals with pinhole collimation was proposed previously (Dey, IEEE TNS 2012, Bhusal et al, Med. Phys. 2019). Here, we hypothesize that a high curvature hemi-ellipsoid detector results in measurable differences in light distribution from events at different depths in the crystal. This was tested by analyzing the scintillation light in hemi-ellipsoid detector using Monte-Carlo (Geant4) and evaluation of both the localization error at detector and the back-projected errors in object-space. We used Geant4 to simulate the propagation of scintillation light in a monolithic hemi-ellipsoidal CsI crystal. A look-up table (LUT) was created to map the points inside the crystal to the expected light pattern on the crystal surface using Geant4. In thirteen zones across the crystal, gamma-rays were simulated and the resulting scintillator light intensity on the surface was captured, serving as our experimental interactions. A Poisson-statistics-based algorithm was developed to limit the search of the gamma-ray event locations into small regions of the LUT and fine-tuned by interpolating between selected LUT points by comparing the light distribution of the gamma interactions and LUT light patterns. The localized events were individually back-projected to the object mid-plane, and the errors recorded. Excluding some outliers (up to 2%), the localized errors averaged over all the zones was 0.71 (+/-0.44) mm with a worse case of 1.36 (+/-0.67) mm at the apex. When back-projected to the midplane of the object for Cardiac SPECT, the errors were <1mm and average error was 0.4(+/-0.22) mm, due to the high system magnification afforded by the detector. Thus, for our high sensitivity system, we were also able to achieve high resolution, assuming perfect pinhole collimator resolution recovery for Cardiac SPECT application., Comment: This work is Accepted (on April 2022) for publication by Journal of Instrumentation; Draft manuscript will be updated with the published version; the Abstract is shortened for arXiv, see full document for complete abstract

Published
2022
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192. Baryon Cycles in the Biggest Galaxies

Author

Donahue, Megan and Voit, G. Mark

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The universe's biggest galaxies have both vast atmospheres and supermassive central black holes. This article reviews how those two components of a large galaxy couple and regulate the galaxy's star formation rate. Models of interactions between a supermassive black hole and the large-scale atmosphere suggest that the energy released as cold gas clouds accrete onto the black hole suspends the atmosphere in a state that is marginally stable to formation of cold clouds. A growing body of observational evidence indicates that many massive galaxies, ranging from the huge central galaxies of galaxy clusters down to our own Milky Way, are close to that marginal state. The gas supply for star formation within a galaxy in such a marginal state is closely tied to the central velocity dispersion (sigma_v) of its stars. We therefore explore the consequences of a model in which energy released during blackhole accretion shuts down star formation when sigma_v exceeds a critical value determined by the galaxy's supernova heating rate., Comment: Updated post page proofs. 272 pages, 68 figures, 666 references, PHYSICS REPORTS invited review. Immediate open access, note: 109 pages in the published page-set version available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0370157322001302?via%3Dihub

Published
2022
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193. Search for continuous gravitational wave emission from the Milky Way center in O3 LIGO--Virgo data

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abbott, R., Abe, H., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Apostolatos, T., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Aritomi, N., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Asada, H., Asali, Y., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bae, Y., Baer, A. M., Bagnasco, S., Bai, Y., Baird, J., Bajpai, R., Baka, T., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Banerjee, B., Bankar, D., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Basak, S., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Becher, B. R., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Beirnaert, F., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Benjamin, M. G., Bennett, T. F., Bentley, J. D., BenYaala, M., Bera, S., Berbel, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bhandare, R., Bhandari, A. V., Bhardwaj, U., Bhatt, R., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bianchi, A., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Bini, S., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Biswas, B., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boër, M., Bogaert, G., Boldrini, M., Bolingbroke, G. N., Bonavena, L. D., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, N., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bucci, F., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burtnyk, K., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cabras, G., Cabrita, R., Cadonati, L., Caesar, M., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Cameron, J., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canevarolo, S., Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlassara, M., Carlin, J. B., Carney, M. F., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carullo, G., Carver, T. L., Diaz, J. Casanueva, Casentini, C., Castaldi, G., Caudill, S., Cavaglià, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Cella, G., Cerdá-Durán, P., Cesarini, E., Chaibi, W., Subrahmanya, S. Chalathadka, Champion, E., Chan, C. -H., Chan, C., Chan, C. L., Chan, K., Chan, M., Chandra, K., Chang, I. P., Chanial, P., Chao, S., Chapman-Bird, C., Charlton, P., Chase, E. A., Chassande-Mottin, E., Chatterjee, C., Chatterjee, Debarati, Chatterjee, Deep, Chaturvedi, M., Chaty, S., Chen, C., Chen, D., Chen, H. Y., Chen, J., Chen, K., Chen, X., Chen, Y. -B., Chen, Y. -R., Chen, Z., Cheng, H., Cheong, C. K., Cheung, H. Y., Chia, H. Y., Chiadini, F., Chiang, C-Y., Chiarini, G., Chierici, R., Chincarini, A., Chiofalo, M. L., Chiummo, A., Choudhary, R. K., Choudhary, S., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chu, Y-K., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, K. W., Ciani, G., Ciecielag, P., Cieślar, M., Cifaldi, M., Ciobanu, A. A., Ciolfi, R., Cipriano, F., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Clearwater, P., Clesse, S., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Codazzo, E., Cohadon, P. -F., Cohen, D. E., Colleoni, M., Collette, C. G., Colombo, A., Colpi, M., Compton, C. M., Constancio Jr., M., Conti, L., Cooper, S. J., Corban, P., Corbitt, T. R., Cordero-Carrión, I., Corezzi, S., Corley, K. R., Cornish, N. J., Corre, D., Corsi, A., Cortese, S., Costa, C. A., Cotesta, R., Cottingham, R., Coughlin, M. W., Coulon, J. -P., Countryman, S. T., Cousins, B., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M. J., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Creighton, J. D. E., Creighton, T. D., Criswell, A. W., Croquette, M., Crowder, S. G., Cudell, J. R., Cullen, T. J., Cumming, A., Cummings, R., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Curyło, M., Dabadie, P., Canton, T. 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Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Abstract

We present a directed search for continuous gravitational wave (CW) signals emitted by spinning neutron stars located in the inner parsecs of the Galactic Center (GC). Compelling evidence for the presence of a numerous population of neutron stars has been reported in the literature, turning this region into a very interesting place to look for CWs. In this search, data from the full O3 LIGO--Virgo run in the detector frequency band $[10,2000]\rm~Hz$ have been used. No significant detection was found and 95$\%$ confidence level upper limits on the signal strain amplitude were computed, over the full search band, with the deepest limit of about $7.6\times 10^{-26}$ at $\simeq 142\rm~Hz$. These results are significantly more constraining than those reported in previous searches. We use these limits to put constraints on the fiducial neutron star ellipticity and r-mode amplitude. These limits can be also translated into constraints in the black hole mass -- boson mass plane for a hypothetical population of boson clouds around spinning black holes located in the GC., Comment: 25 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022
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194. First joint observation by the underground gravitational-wave detector, KAGRA, with GEO600

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abbott, R., Abe, H., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adkins, V. K., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Alfaidi, R. A., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrés-Carcasona, M., Andrić, T., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Apostolatos, T., Appavuravther, E. Z., Appert, S., Apple, S. K., Arai, K., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Aritomi, N., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Asada, H., Asali, Y., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Melo, S. Assis de Souza, Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. 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Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We report the results of the first joint observation of the KAGRA detector with GEO600. KAGRA is a cryogenic and underground gravitational-wave detector consisting of a laser interferometer with three-kilometer arms, and located in Kamioka, Gifu, Japan. GEO600 is a British--German laser interferometer with 600 m arms, and located near Hannover, Germany. GEO600 and KAGRA performed a joint observing run from April 7 to 20, 2020. We present the results of the joint analysis of the GEO--KAGRA data for transient gravitational-wave signals, including the coalescence of neutron-star binaries and generic unmodeled transients. We also perform dedicated searches for binary coalescence signals and generic transients associated with gamma-ray burst events observed during the joint run. No gravitational-wave events were identified. We evaluate the minimum detectable amplitude for various types of transient signals and the spacetime volume for which the network is sensitive to binary neutron-star coalescences. We also place lower limits on the distances to the gamma-ray bursts analysed based on the non-detection of an associated gravitational-wave signal for several signal models, including binary coalescences. These analyses demonstrate the feasibility and utility of KAGRA as a member of the global gravitational-wave detector network., Comment: Matches with published version

Published
2022
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195. Eight-Year Outcomes of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recessions versus Unilateral Recession-Resection in Childhood Basic-Type Intermittent Exotropia

Author

Miller, Aaron M., Olvera, Maria N., Alexander, Monsey L., Curtin, Kathleen Mary, Dillon, Angela C., Gray, Carole L., Jackson, Jorie L., Qadir, Ximena V., Ramos, Cynthia R., Paysse, Evelyn A., Coats, David K., Yen, Kimberly G., Romany, Gihan, Homann, Melynda J., Kong, Lingkun, Law, Christine, Churchill, Sarah, MacSween, Lesley E., Hoover, Darren L., Huston, Pamela A., Racan, Pamela M., Soros, Kari E., Sala, Nicholas A., Sala, Nicholas Anthony, Johnson, Catherine, Sala, Allyson, Zeto, V. Lori, Donahue, Sean P., Wilkins, Carsyn Saige, Biernacki, Ronald J., Campbell, Megan K., Fraine, Lisa A., Ruark, Scott T., Crouch, Eric, Crouch, Earl R., Jr., Ventura, Gaylord G., Fritz, Carolina Andrea, Anderson, Jill S., Areaux, Raymond G., Jr, Holleschau, Ann M., Harder, Jessica Ann, May, Laura M., Merrill, Kim S., Schweigert, Anna I., Petersen, David B., Pickens, Tori S., McMurtrey, J. Ryan, Morrell, Beth A., Repka, Michael X., Liu, Xiaonong, Christoff, Alex, Silbert, David I., Modjesky, Heather, Woodall, Hayley L., Summers, Allison I., Kuo, Annie F., Wilson, Lorri B., Rauch, Paula, Lee, Jessy, Casey, Grant A., Narain, Srianna, Woodruff, Kevin, Ticho, Benjamin H., Clausius, Deborah A., Allen, Megan, Quebbemann, Micaela N., Shah, Birva K., Bothun, Erick D., Holmes, Jonathan M., Mohney, Brian G., Wernimont, Suzanne M., Czaplewski, Lindsay L., Eastman, Stacy L., Huisman, Jordan Joseph, Klaehn, Lindsay D., Kramer, Andrea M., Kroening, Rose M., Priebe, Debbie M., Wohlers, Moriah A., Jensen, Allison A., Flanagan, Maureen A., Tolbert, Tiffany Talia, Traboulsi, Elias, Ghasia, Fatema F., Meador, Angela M., McOwen, Diana Christine, Enyedi, Laura B., Jones, Sarah K., Kashyap, Namita, Loud, Rachel N., Waters, Amy L., Marsh, Justin D., Bond, Lezlie L., Ariss, Michelle M., Dent, Rebecca J., Phillips, Paul H., Lowery, Robert Scott, Haley, Wendy Jean, Brown, Shaina, Colon, Beth, Cupit, Shawn L., Holtorf, Hannah L., Sanders, Hayley Elizabeth, Bowsher, James D., Cheeseman, Edward W., Weas, Nikki M., Bradham, Carol U., Rahmani, Bahram, Ranaivo, Hantamalala Ralay, Cruz, Karla G., De Leon, Erika A., Klauer, Anthony Jeffrey, Tzanetakos, Vivian, McCoy Vrablec, Laura, Orge, Faruk H., Richards, Leslie, Baird, Alicia Marie, Glaser, Stephen R., Yost, Kasey L., Flores, Odalis R., Herlihy, Erin P., Taira, Alyssa, Alexander, Jessica, Gladstone, Amy, Kiens, Bridget Ann, Tews, Lyndsey A., Whitehead, George F., Shea, Caroline J., Stillman, SueAnn Marie, Nye, Christina N., Bartiss, Michael John, McGaw, Tennille F., Davis, Patricia L., Hulett, Katie R., Twite, Jacqueline, Bradfield, Yasmin S., Adler, Angela M., Anderson, Kristin A., Kraker, Raymond T., Beck, Roy W., Austin, Darrell S., Boyle, Nicole M., Chandler, Danielle L., Connelly, Patricia L., Conner, Courtney L., Donahue, Quayle, Fimbel, Brooke P., Henderson, Robert J., Hoepner, James E., Kaplon, Joseph D., Melia, B. Michele, Ortiz, Gillaine, Robinson, Julianne L., Stutz, Kathleen M., Sutherland, Desirae R., Toro, David O., Woodard, Victoria C., Wu, Rui, Cotter, Susan A., Birch, Eileen E., Christiansen, Stephen P., Hatt, Sarah R., Leske, David A., Melia, Michele, O’Hara, Mary, Pang, Yi, Romanchuck, Kenneth, Tamkins, Susanna M., Wallace, David K., Wheeler, David T., Bhatt, Amit, Chen, Angela M., Cheung, Nathan L., Cobb, Patricia, Colon, Beth J., Crouch, Eric R., Dean, Trevano W., Erzurum, S. Ayse, Esposito, Christina A., Fang, Caroline C., Gray, Michael E., Gunton, Kammi B., Hopkins, Kristine B., Jastrzembski, Benjamin G., Jenewein, Erin C., Jordan, Catherine O., Kraus, Courtney, Kurup, Sudhi P., Lazar, Elizabeth L., Li, Zhuokai, Lorenzana, Ingryd, McDowell, Paula S., Morrison, Ann M., Morrison, David G., Nylin, Elyse, Parker, Sue M., Patel, Reena, Plaumann, Maureen D., Pollack, Karen, Raghuram, Aparna, Retnasothie, Dashaini V., Roberts, Tawna L., Scheiman, Mitchell M., Shah, Veeral S., Superstein, Rosanne, Titelbaum, Jenna R., Vricella, Marilyn, Yamada, Tomohiko, Astle, William F., Christian, Melanie L., Everett, Donald F., Freedman, Sharon F., Good, William V., Lambert, Scott R., Lee, Katherine A., London, Richard, Manh, Vivian M., Manny, Ruth E., Pineles, Stacy L., Rogers, David L., Schweinler, Bonita R., Silver, Jayne L., Suh, Donny W., Verderber, Lisa C., Weise, Katherine K., Diener-West, Marie, Baker, John D., Davis, Barry, Higgins, Rosemary D., Poff, Stephen W., Saunders, Richard A., and Tychsen, Lawrence

Published
2024
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196. A transcriptomic taxonomy of mouse brain-wide spinal projecting neurons

Author

Winter, Carla C., Jacobi, Anne, Su, Junfeng, Chung, Leeyup, van Velthoven, Cindy T. J., Yao, Zizhen, Lee, Changkyu, Zhang, Zicong, Yu, Shuguang, Gao, Kun, Duque Salazar, Geraldine, Kegeles, Evgenii, Zhang, Yu, Tomihiro, Makenzie C., Zhang, Yiming, Yang, Zhiyun, Zhu, Junjie, Tang, Jing, Song, Xuan, Donahue, Ryan J., Wang, Qing, McMillen, Delissa, Kunst, Michael, Wang, Ning, Smith, Kimberly A., Romero, Gabriel E., Frank, Michelle M., Krol, Alexandra, Kawaguchi, Riki, Geschwind, Daniel H., Feng, Guoping, Goodrich, Lisa V., Liu, Yuanyuan, Tasic, Bosiljka, Zeng, Hongkui, and He, Zhigang

Published
2023
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