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It is shown analytically that the method of planes (MOP) [Todd, Evans, and Daivis, Phys. Rev. E 52, 1627 (1995)] and volume averaging (VA) [Cormier, Rickman, and Delph, J. Appl. Phys. 89, 99 (2001)] formulas for the local pressure tensor, Pα, y(y), where α ≡ x, y, or z, are mathematically identical. In the case of VA, the sampling volume is taken to be an infinitely thin parallelepiped, with an infinite lateral extent. This limit is shown to yield the MOP expression. The treatment is extended to include the condition of mechanical equilibrium resulting from an imposed force field. This analytical development is followed by numerical simulations. The equivalence of these two methods is demonstrated in the context of non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) simulations of boundary-driven shear flow. A wall of tethered atoms is constrained to impose a normal load and a velocity profile on the entrained central layer. The VA formula can be used to compute all components of Pαβ(y), which offers an advantage in calculating, for example, Pxx(y) for nano-scale pressure-driven flows in the x-direction, where deviations from the classical Poiseuille flow solution can occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of Covid-19 disease requires the educational process have to be implemented in an integrated way with technology. Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) as the recent methods becomes more popular because of these, where everything can be simplified by using mobile devices. This research aims at exploring the use of Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) on students’ listening activities especially related to their leaning experience. This research investigated the use of various applications and learning resources that can be accessed by students by themselves. It also gave a description about the students’ experience in using the applications on their listening activities which is considered as learning activity that is integrated Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) on the process. This study was designed as descriptive quantitative research. The participants involved in this study were 33 English Department students who taken listening subject. Questionnaire was used as instrument in collecting the data in this stud, and it was distributed by using Google form. It was found that Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) support students’ listening activities through several recommended applications. Most of the students got better learning experience on their listening activities through exercises that they got from the applications they used. It means that Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) brings a great learning experience on students’ listening activities. Therefore, it can be concluded that Mobile Assisted Language Learning (MALL) support students’ listening activities through several recommended applications.

Assessment is a step to measure students’ learning outcomes. This paper discusses the teachers’ perception and understanding of how to carry out assessments in the Merdeka Curriculum. This paper also uses a qualitative descriptive survey research method with four stages; preparation, data collection, data analysis, and conclusions. Data collection techniques are carried out through interviews. The samples of the research are teachers from Penggerak School throughout Riau Province with a total population of 23 teachers. The data obtained are analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques. The results indicate that the implementation of the assessment in the Merdeka Curriculum, which consisted of diagnostic, formative, and summative assessments, is conducted by the teacher after the learning process is completed. Students’ learning outcomes are obtained from their knowledge, attitudes, and skills during learning activities. The student’s learning outcomes are presented in a school report based on the Merdeka Curriculum school report application. Thus, the teachers overall understand and have conducted the assessments that are required in the Merdeka Curriculum.

We compare the interface properties of various 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25 octa-alkyl-substituted zinc phthalocyanines [(But)8PcZn, (Hep)8PcZn, (Dec)8PcZn] with those of unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine (PcZn) on gold using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and valence band ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. Although the separation between the aromatic cores in the evaporated thin films depends clearly on the alkyl-chain length, it is found that the nature of the substituents causes only minor changes of electronic properties, such as optical gap and ionization potential. It is shown that the observed small energetic shifts for film thicknesses larger than the molecule size cannot be understood in terms of a band bending like mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we have investigated the electronic structure and the molecular orientation of (t-Bu)4PcMg (tetra-t-butyl magnesium phthalocyanine) on polycrystalline and single crystalline gold substrates using photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and we compare the results to the unsubstituted PcCu (copper phthalocyanine). The C 1s photoemission spectrum is described similar to unsubstituted relatives with an additional component for the aliphatic substituents. The variation of the excitation energy causes distinct differences in the shape of the C 1s spectrum, which is very useful for the analysis of the molecular orientation in the uppermost layer. It is shown that despite of the sterically demanding substituents, ordered sublimed films of (t-Bu)4PcMg are accessible, the orientation of the molecules, however, is different from the orientation of the unsubstituted relatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Livelihood loss and lower income because of peatland mismanagement are crucial issues that must be resolved in peatland areas. Although many studies have assessed farmers’ livelihoods and income enhancement, progress in addressing these problems remains inadequate. To address this issue, this study aimed to analyze various existing alternative livelihoods in the peatland community in Ogan Komering Ilir District, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia, and analyze scenarios for creating livelihoods and increasing people’s incomes through changes in peat ecosystem management and peatland restoration programs. This study used a survey method conducted in South Sumatra Province’s OKI District, one of the four priority peat-restoration districts in the province. We used three sampling stages, while descriptive, tabulated, and mathematical methods were used for analysis. We analyzed the feasibility of livelihoods that used benefit-cost analysis. The results showed that Sonor cultivation of paddies and catching fish in Rawang (swamp) were the livelihoods of farmers in peatlands. The community has also been processing peatland commodities into other products, such as Purun woven, and Gula Puan (buffalo milk processing). Several alternative livelihood scenarios that are financially profitable and can be developed include salted and smoked fish, Purun woven handicrafts, paludiculture, and agrosilvofishery, which can provide farmers with short-, medium-, and long-term income opportunities. This study can contribute to policymaking by fully considering the role of peat resources in rural livelihoods.

Land and forest fires in peatland areas in Indonesia have a widespread negative impact on surrounding communities. Possible vulnerabilities relate to economic, social, ecological, livelihoods, and environmental vulnerability. This study aimed to assess household vulnerability due to land and forest fires in peatland areas in Ogan Komering Ilir District in South Sumatra and observe changes in peat ecosystems in those areas. The study was conducted in three peatland hydrological units (PHUs)—(1) PHU Sungai Sugihan–Sungai Lumpur; (2) PHU Sungai Sibumbung–Sungai Batok; and (3) PHU Sungai Saleh–Sungai Sugihan—covering 300 households as samples. Primary data were collected through structured interviews and analyzed descriptively. The analysis revealed the following: (1) PHU Sungai Sibumbung–Sungai Batok had the highest score for livelihood vulnerability and climate change but the lowest score for social, economic, and ecological vulnerability; (2) PHU Sungai Saleh–Sungai Sugihan had the highest score for economic and ecological vulnerability but the lowest score for livelihood vulnerability; (3) PHU Sungai Sugihan–Sungai Lumpur had the highest score for social vulnerability but lowest score for climate change vulnerability; and (4) the number of household members, toddlers, and elderly, and all economic indicators except land ownership, contributed relatively similarly to social vulnerability in all PHUs.

Students with special needs at seven private primary schools in Probolinggo Regency, Indonesia, are the focus of this research, which aims to identify the challenges they confront throughout the distance learning process. A case study approach was used in this research. The participants in this research were seven parent-teacher pairs. Demographic data were collected in this research and an interview was conducted using a standard format. This research used content analysis as an analytical approach. Standardized interviews have shown that academic, social-emotional, and linguistic development are the most common issues that parents and teachers encounter in their work with children. On the other hand, educational difficulties were often associated with classroom involvement. According to the findings of this study, children with special needed have difficulty developing academically, socially, and linguistically. It revealed that inclusive students struggle with technology use, participation in online classes, and attention management.

The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced physical activity patterns, due to social restrictions and community activities and even the closure of sports facilities. All these restrictions are aimed at reducing the transmission of the Covid-19 virus. These changes in physical activity may have a lasting detrimental impact on fitness, leading to a further increased risk for many poor health outcomes. The purpose of this research is to improve fitness after the Covid-19 pandemic by using Crossfit exercises. The methodused in this study is an experimental method with Pre-Experimental One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The sample is 30 active students in the Physical Education Study Program, Majalengka University. The research instrument used was the Indonesian Jamani Fitness Test (TKJI) with a validity value of 0.960 and a reliability value of 0.720. The data analysis used is parametric statistics because the researcher looks for differences in scores on the initial and final tests using the SPSS program. The results ofthe research conducted 12 times in this meeting are the t-count value of 20,720 and the t-table value of dk (19) of 2,045 with a significance level of 0.000. Based on the results of this study, it appears that CrossFit exercise performed for 1 month can improve all components of physical fitness.

Purpose - This study aims to examine in more detail the characteristics of SSB that will affect the level of trust of Islamic banking customers. The purpose of this study is to understand empirically the relationship between the characteristics of SSB and the trust of Islamic bank customers in Indonesia. Method - A quantitative approach with the panel data analysis method is used to analyze sample data from all Sharia commercial banks in Indonesia in the 2012-2019 period. The independent variable in this study consisted of 6 characteristics of SSB. Result - The results of the study show the facts that the 3 characteristics of SSB are proven to be able to increase customer trust. The three variables are the number of members, financial expertise, and doctoral education. Implication - Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia suggest to put more consideration of the number of members, financial expertise, and doctoral education in the recruitment process for the selection of Sharia bank SSB members. Originality - In contrast to previous research which examines the effect of the existence of SSB on customer trust and loyalty, this study seeks to get deeper answers to the input factors of SSB characteristics that really have a positive impact on a positive image and customer trust in Islamic banks.

This study aims to determine the ability to solve mathematical problems of students on FPB and KPK materials in fourth grade students of SD NEGERI CIKOKOL 3. This research was conducted on fourth grade students in the odd semester of the 2021/2022 academic year. The research method used is exploration with random sampling techniques and classroom teacher interviews. The hypothesis is that students’ interest in learning mathematics in FPB and KPK is influenced by the result of learning basic multiplication and division as a sample. However, based on the data obtained from the result of random sampling and interviews, in this populations the result of learning mathematics in the FPB and KPK materials concluded that students’ mathematical problem solving abilities were still low. So that there are still some students who still do not understand the steps for solving problems because the teacher rarely asks problem solving questions. Students have difficulty solving FPB and KPK question because they cannot perform multiplication and division opertions which are prerequisite materials for FPB and KPK.

Tourism is a journey from one place to another. Whether it is an individual, a group, or a company, participants on this trip are interested in mental balance, such as reducing stress, entertaining themselves, and refreshing. A tourist attraction is one of the products or advantages of an area, where the region can create income and attract tourists to their tourist destinations. One way to promote tourism more attractively is with augmented reality media. This tourism introduction application using Augmented reality technology aims to make it easier for tourists to get to know tourism with interactive media. This tourism introduction application is needed for promotional media, including video playback features of Augmented reality technology and information about tourism. Augmented Reality is a real object in an area map that will become a marker object by detailing the tourist plan. A scan can be carried out to display 2D images, text, audio, and video with the android platform so that it can make it easier for users to use it. This research aims to design and build a tourism introduction application with the Application of Augmented Reality Technology. This research uses the Multimedia Development Life cycle method, with six stages: concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution, with the testing method using alpha and beta tests. The results of this research are in the form of an Android-based tourism introduction augmented reality application. This application can give contributions to assist tourists in finding information about tourism in an area and help the Department of Tourism and Culture promote tourism in the region more attractively.

Cold Recycled Mixtures (CRM) offer many benefits, including cost-effectiveness and sustainability. Large existing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) stockpiles that represent an environmental and storage challenge can be used for bitumen emulsion Cold Central Plant Recycling (CCPR). A pavement rehabilitation demonstration project using Cold Recycled Mixture with Bitumen Emulsion (CRM-E) as binder course with 100% RAP was carried out on August 25, 2020. The project was divided into three sections to evaluate the mill and pave strategy using CRM-E as an alternative to traditional Hot Mixture Asphalt (HMA). The wearing course was the same asphalt concrete for the three sections. The difference between Section 1 and 2 that used CRM-E was to either pave the asphalt concrete overlay on the same day or to delay its application for 3 days to give additional time for the CRM-E to cure. Section 3 had no CCPR and consisted of two HMA layers. The field performance of the rehabilitated sections was monitored in 4 phases after 14 days, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months. The performance of the sections was assessed based on Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD), field rutting measurements and cracking distress surveys. Cores were also taken over time to compare the CRM-E and HMA binder course properties in terms of resilient modulus, dynamic creep, indirect tensile strength and tensile strength ratio. The research showed that CRM-E and HMA performance was similar in terms of FWD deflections, field rutting, in situ cracking, and moisture resistance of the field cores. CRM-E showed superior performance in terms of resilient modulus and dynamic creep compared with asphalt concrete binder course based on testing of field cores taken after 6 and 12 months. The research showed that same day CRM-E HMA overlay is a viable construction option.