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Introduction. The reconstruction of columella defects is still regarded as a challenging procedure due to the very specific anatomy of the columella and limited local and regional flap options. Furthermore, the texture and color of columella tissue pose difficulties in choosing the right method of reconstruction. Case report. The report presents a patient who underwent reconstruction of a complex columella defect using a Schmid-Meyer flap. Schmid-Meyer flap represents a tubular flap with an internal supraciliary pedicle which allows the transposition of the temporal skin with the addition of ear cartilage on the tip of the nose or the ala nasi. The integration of the flap was complete. During the five-year follow-up period, the cosmetic and functional results were satisfying. Conclusion. Schmid-Meyer flap may be one of the best options for the reconstruction of complex defects of the columella.

As part of a comprehensive archaeological survey of the area around the site of Glac, near ancient Sirmium, a detailed examination has been undertaken of the location of the via militaris from Sirmium to Bassianae in light of previous studies and new field surveys. In locating the road, the questions of the findspot of two Roman milestones, the location of the eastern gate of the city of Sirmium, the nature of road way stations including mutationes, and the likely location of the way station at Fossae mentioned in the Bordeaux Itinerary and Ravenna Cosmology have been considered. The implications of the road construction on the patterns of rural settlement and economy in the Glac Study Area are highlighted.

Introduction: Comprising of a unique combination of bioactive polyphenol compounds, grapes are shown to have a beneficial effect on the skin as well as the whole body. They exhibit high antioxidative and antiradical activity through mechanisms of heavy metals chelation, scavenging reactive oxygen species, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and preserving the integrity of the cell membranes. In the winemaking industry, after crushing and pressing, grape pomace (stems, seeds, pulp, and skin) is removed as a by-product. This valuable source of bioactive compounds is often treated as animal food, compost, raw material in the brewery, but unfortunately mostly disposed of as unusable waste. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare redox properties of absolute EtOH, 50% EtOH, and H2 O grape wine skin extracts in a way of scavenging DPPH radicals, showing that biowaste obtained from grape wineskins could be used as an immense source of bioactive compounds with high antiradical activity. Material and Methods: Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to detect the activity of grape skin extracts toward DPPH radicals and UHPLC-DAD MS/MS analysis to separate, identify and quantify their active components. Results: The results show that Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Blanc grape skin extracts have unexpectedly large potential to remove DPPH radicals from the system. Having in mind the concentration of redox-active components obtained by UHPLC-DAD MS/MS analysis and presented EPR results, there is strong evidence that primarily quercetin 3-O-glucoside, as well as kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol 7-O-glucoside supplemented with catechin and rutin are responsible for the antioxidative capacity of extracts. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that extracts obtained from grape skins, initially intended as biowaste, exhibit high antiradical activity. The largest quantity of the most redox-active components could be found in 50% EtOH extracts, which we propose to be the starting material for making potent redox-active cosmetic products and dietary supplements.

Integrated rural development enables linking agriculture with other economic activities whereby an adequate approach to regional development contributing to a more balanced development among regions. The aim of this research is to indicate that with the concept of integral rural development the differences between regions or rural and urban areas of Serbia could be reduced. Through the Kruskal-Wallis test for comparison of groups, the important differences were compared, where the results of research showed that they are very significant, especially between the Belgrade Region and the predominantly rural regions of Serbia. These differences can be overcome in rural areas if agriculture is more intensively linked with tertiary and secondary sectors.

Fairness of taxation is one of the inevitable topics in the domain of evaluating the effects of taxation within the national framework. The path towards instituting fair taxation is burdened by many obstacles, which are particularly prominent in times of complex and changing socio-political and economic trends. Given that each period has its own traps, the full content, true meaning and factual acceptance of fair taxation postulates have to be constantly reexamined. In that context, this paper examines fairness of taxation and its reflections in the sphere of contemporary taxation. Considering that fair taxation is a reliable support for building correct tax-law relations, the author provides a detailed analysis of fundamental requirements for its implementation, expressed in the form of general tax obligation (tax universality) and equal distribution of tax load. In particular, the author clarifies the occurrence of a relatively limited effect of the general tax obligation in contemporary conditions, caused by the existence of tax exemption and tax reliefs, and elaborates on the dimensions of horizontal and vertical equity in taxation. The paper also provides an in-depth examination of tax system transformations, achieved as a result of conducted tax reforms in the past few decades, with the aim of confirming the hypothesis about the dwindling significance of the ability-to-pay principle (paying taxes according to economic capacity) as a fundamental rule for modelling contemporary tax structures.

Three edible mushrooms of the Russulacea family (Lactarius deliciosus, Lactarius sanguifluus and Lactarius semisanguifluus), most frequently consumed in Serbia, were analyzed using the ICP-OES technique to evaluate the content of K, P, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, As, Cd and Pb, both in cap and stipe. Corresponding soils were analyzed, too. Based on the obtained values for the elemental composition of the mushrooms and the soil, bioaccumulation and translocation factors were calculated. All the examined mushrooms species were recognized as bioexclusors of analyzed toxic elements, but bioaccumulators of K, P and Ca. The studied mushrooms are good sources of macroelements. One portion of 300 g of fresh mushrooms had a significant contribution of K and P, exceeding 15 % of the recommended daily intake for the elements. On the contrary, mushrooms had a low potential to bioaccumulate toxic elements, and presented results indicated the regular consumption of wild edible mushrooms is safe for human health. Correlation analysis was applied to determine phosphorus’s influence on the elements’ content in the mushrooms and corresponding soils, demonstrating the most remarkable mushrooms' tendency to accumulate phosphorus.

The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between sleep quality and life satisfaction. The basic hypothesis was that the dimensions of quality and quantity of sleep will be statistically significant predictors of life satisfaction among employees of the Serbian Railways. A total of 126 workers working in different jobs were surveyed: dispatcher, information worker, cashier, train driver, and conductor. Respondents differed according to gender, age, and years of service. The main research variables were operationalized by The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI; Buysse et al., 1989) and the Satisfaction Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al.,1985). The results showed that based on the regression model consisting of sleep quality modalities, the criterion variable - life satisfaction (R2 = .40, p

Alternative digital currencies were created to correct the shortcomings of the so-called first generation of cryptocurrencies. Their impact on the monetary order stability, systemic risk, and monetary policy strategy pursued by the Central Bank has been insufficiently examined, primarily because they are issued by large technology companies rather than the Central Bank as the custodian of monetary sovereignty. The treatment of cryptocurrencies in tort law is different from the monetary law standpoint. As such, the former is not considered in this paper because it is a private law relationship. On the other hand, monetary law refers to public law relations, including the regulatory powers of the Central Bank and the legal definition of alternative money by the provisions of the Central Bank law. As the supreme monetary institution, the Central Bank has a monopoly over the legal tender for designating and issuing money. In that sense, it would be useful to deal with the place and importance of alternative money in monetary law first, and then with other branches of private and public law. In legal terms, the acceptance and circulation of alternative money impose simultaneous (and highly demanding) consideration of the legal nature of cryptocurrency, where we can see the primacy of the social theory of money over state monetary nominalism. However, this primacy must be only temporary because the historical development of money (in all its forms) clearly shows that the emergence of any currency must sooner or later be regulated by adequate laws, for the sake of legal security and preservation of monetary stability. In a way, the accelerated technical-technological development has "caused" the existing status quo in the classical and (to some extent) the contemporary monetary law thought about how money is legally defined and who can take the role of money issuer, which has shaken the centuries-old awareness of the nature and functions of money in modern society. The circumstances that have influenced the reconsideration of already acquired habits include the emergence of reduced use of cash in circulation, the emergence of "sharing" technology that enabled the creation of cryptocurrencies, the announcement of leading technology and other multinational companies on issuing private cryptocurrencies, as well as the circumstances related to the global economic and financial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic which point to certain advantages of alternative money.

International monetary law as a relatively young branch of law can undoubtedly contribute to solving and controlling environmental problems, taking into account the flexibility of legal norms and new tendencies in the development of discourse and normative regulation of monetary transmission mechanisms, which again points to untapped potential. A great contribution can be expected from the IMF, which in the recent period has been paying close attention to the issue of control of use and preservation of green production factors, where the need for rational use appears as their imperative in every sense, which can be read at conferences dedicated to this issue. Also, the European Central Bank is considering its potential contribution in the field of monetary policy in this context, because the legal basis for the coordination of environmental policy is present in Art. 4 of the Treaty on European Union, which explicitly establishes its competence to support and develop the general economic policy of the member states of the Union. Of course, its task in this context can never be primary, but that does not mean that it should be given up, because we think that even the smallest contribution in the field of environmental problems can certainly be established in cohesion with all other large or small contributions. the necessary balance in the use of these fragile resources in every society today (this only speaks of the complexity of the problems and the great challenges facing legislators in the world, and only cohesion and joint efforts can contribute to solving the problem in an optimal way that must always be taken into account Although the main task of subjects of international monetary law can never be to take care of the environment, this does not mean that they should not undertake any activities in this field. Certain activities of monetary agents must be undertaken primarily because and monetary and environmental policy constitutive elements of general economic policy and yes there is a high degree of synthetic dialectical connection between them. The tendency to green the monetary jurisdiction of the IMF, the World Bank, and the European Central Bank does not have to be a controversial issue, because, with the conditions of globalization of economic flows and the global financial crisis, these entities have already acquired some new fiscal competencies. The hybridization of the competencies of the main subjects of international monetary law also results from their involvement in the system of global environmental management and as such does not represent an obstacle in the implementation of basic monetary targets. In this context, the activity of the European Central Bank in undertaking activities in considering environmental risks to general economic stability and activities that increase the level of general environmental awareness is especially important. Although studies on the relationship between monetary policy and environmental issues are still at an early stage of development, it is important not to mention that the main subjects of international monetary law are increasing their efforts and clearer identification of causal mechanisms that will serve as a potential reason for adopting an eco-friendly monetary framework.