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The use of digital watermarking technique in multimedia applications is evolving day by day. In this digital world copyright protection and claiming ownership on digital data is a big challenge. Watermarking multimedia objects/files is one of the solutions to this problem. Digital watermarking has been fascinating many researchers since last few decades. There is no algorithm that has been accepted universally till date. Various computational intelligence methodologies are also being used in digital watermarking to get the desired requirements of watermarking i.e. invisibility and resistance to various attacks. This paper is an attempt to create an optimal image watermarking scheme for copyright protection that can also resist the common attacks on watermarked image. Genetic algorithm has been employed in the proposed algorithm to find the embedding strength of watermark. Genetic algorithm and specially the parameters associated with it have helped in achieving the desired goals of watermarking.

Digital multimedia content protection is very important in present day technology due to the availability of resources to share the content, this encourages sharing of multimedia content such as videos and music etc. illegally. This brings a need for new technology called digital watermarking, to protect content and simultaneously discourages illegal sharing of multimedia content. So, in this work, we are presenting a blind video watermarking technique, which inserts the owner or customer related logo as a watermark into a video using multilevel Discrete Wavelet Transform and Singular Values produced by SVD. The proposed method has demonstrated its robustness through experimentally.

Now a day's large amount of digital information such as video, audio or image is spread over the internet. So it should be a great challenge for all researchers to provide security to such a type of digital data. Also the piracy and copyright is emerging issue when digital information in the form of video, audio & image is transmitted over the transmission media. So to prevent the problem of piracy and security of digital data such as video, video watermarking techniques has been introduced. There are various watermarking schemes to give the security to videos but they were unable to provide the quality in terms of robustness and security. In this paper optimized and hybrid based robust digital video watermarking scheme has been proposed. The optimization is performed in the proposed system with the help of genetic algorithm. The quality of the proposed watermarking scheme is measured in terms of PSNR and NC values. The PSNR calculated using our approach is off 50.48 db which is far better than existing approaches.

In this paper, the Watermarking and Fingerprinting techniques of Intellectual property protection (IPP) is presented. The Watermarking technique which is based on signature embedding strategy and signature hosting strategy is analysed.

Digital media stands today as one of the most effective forms of communication. The extensive use and popularization of this form of media is attributed to the ease of generation and distribution. Thus, the protection of copyrights of digital data is a prerequisite in the distribution. This paper proposes a composite technique of digital video watermarking using discrete wavelet transformation in the odd-numbered video frames, with a discrete cosine transformed watermark and singular value decomposition in the even-numbered ones with the purpose of extracting a composite watermark by superimposing the individual extracted watermarks which shall be more similar to the original watermark under most attacks. The result of the proposed algorithm shows a maximum value of PSNR equal to 65 dB and minimum value of 45 dB under sharpening filter.

Securely embedding data in digital images has important applications for covert communication and copyright protection. The specific algorithm used to embed information depends on the characteristics of the application. Two prominent techniques for embedding information are least-significant-bit modification and discrete-cosine-transformmodification. Detecting modifications to a high bit-rate signal such as a digital image can be difficult and is the subject of cross-disciplinary research in statistics and signal processing. This chapter gives an overview of the important issues associated with security imaging with specific examples of techniques to embed and detect hidden information. List of Abbreviations DCT Discrete cosine transform LSB Least significant bit of a binary number YCrCb A representation of an RGB color in terms of its luminance (Y) and chrominance (Cr and Cb) components

Multimedia broadcast monitoring is one of the major challenges and has drawn the attention of several researchers. Database retrieval technique is an application used to provide security for the sensitive images. Image authentication is provided by adding a watermark of the given string to the sensitive images. The security for image is provided by encoding the given image with the key which is provided by the user and is stored in the database as a numeric data. User is provided with a unique id which is sent to the receiver. Receiver uses this unique id for retrieving the image. Digital image watermarking is one among the several methods that hides information. Two factors are considered during watermarking, imperceptibility, and robustness. Measure of imperceptibility is PSNR and robustness is NC. Genetic algorithm is employed in the proposed watermarking algorithm.

Digital audio watermarking is an important technique to secure and authenticate audio media. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the twenty years' research and development works for digital audio watermarking, based on an exhaustive literature survey and careful selections of representative solutions. We generally classify the existing designs into time domain and transform domain methods, and relate all the reviewed works using two generic watermark embedding equations in the two domains. The most important designing criteria, i.e., imperceptibility and robustness, are thoroughly reviewed. For imperceptibility, the existing measurement and control approaches are classified into heuristic and analytical types, followed by intensive analysis and discussions. Then, we investigate the robustness of the existing solutions against a wide range of critical attacks categorized into basic, desynchronization, and replacement attacks, respectively. This reveals current challenges in developing a global solution robust against all the attacks considered in this paper. Some remaining problems as well as research potentials for better system designs are also discussed. In addition, audio watermarking applications in terms of US patents and commercialized solutions are reviewed. This paper serves as a comprehensive tutorial for interested readers to gain a historical, technical, and also commercial view of digital audio watermarking. HighlightsThe paper systematically categorizes all important existing audio watermark embedding schemes in a concise and effective way based on two generic embedding functions, followed by extensive discussions and analysis.The measurement and control approaches to ensure the imperceptibility property of existing audio watermarking systems are exhausted and categorized into heuristic and analytical groups, with detailed analysis and comparison.Existing attacks to audio watermarking systems are comprehensively studied and rigorously evaluated against a series of representative audio watermarking systems.Current open challenges and future research potentials are sufficiently addressed in this paper.Audio watermarking applications in terms of US patents and commercial products are extensively reviewed.

Digital communication plays a vital role in the world of Internet as well as in the communication technology. The secrecy of the communication is an essential part of passing the data or information. One noticeable technique is Digital Watermarking. Copyright owners seek methods to control and detect such reproduction, and henceforth research on digital product copyright protection has significant practical significance for E-commerce & E-Governance. In this paper, a survey on some previous work done in watermarking field is presented. Experimentally evaluated algorithms are collected to focus on the wide scope of encrypted digital watermarking for data transmission security and authentication.

Recently, with the explosive growth of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), various new opportunities emerged for the creation and delivery of content in digital form which includes applications such as real time video and audio delivery, electronic advertising, digital libraries and web publishing. However, these advantages have the consequent risks of data piracy, which motivate towards development of new protection mechanisms. One such effort that has been attracting interest is based on digital watermarking techniques. This chapter discusses the basic concepts of digital watermarking techniques, performances parameters and its potential applications in various fields. In this chapter, we also discuss various spatial and transform domain techniques and compare the performance of some reported wavelet based watermarking techniques. Finally, the latest applications of watermarking techniques have been discussed. This chapter will be more important for researchers to implement effective watermarking method.

This paper presents a new audio watermarking system based on multi-carrier modulation. The proposed system improves the performances of spread spectrum modulations widely used in the existing state of the art watermarking systems. The embedded data is transmitted in the phase of the modulated signal and the amplitude of the carrier signal is computed according to the inaudibility constraint. The new system allows an embedding data rate equivalent to spread spectrum ones with almost no loss of data transparency and with an acceptable detection reliability.

With the growth of digital technology over the past decades, the issue of copyright protection has become especially important. Digital watermarking is a suitable way of addressing this issue. The main problem in the area of watermarking, is the balance between image transparency and resistance to attacks after watermarking, where an increase in either one of them will always cause a decrease in the other. Providing statistical and intelligent methods, is the most common way of optimizing resistance and transparency. In this paper, the intelligent method of genetic algorithm (GA) in watermarking will be examined and also the results of using this method will be compared with the results of a statistical SVD-based method. Also, by combining the issues of watermarking and authentication, a relatively higher security in these two issues can be achieved. In this scheme, the security of watermarking increases through the provision of a new method which is based on the combination of image watermarking with a person's handwritten signature. It must be mentioned that the section of signature recognition is implemented using neural networks. The results from implementing these two methods show that in this area, intelligent methods have a better performance compared to statistical methods. This method can also be used for tasks like passport or national identity card authentication.

Outsourcing data storage systems reduce storage costs of IT Enterprises and maintenance for users, which have attracted much attention. It is an acceptable way to use cryptography technologies to ensure privacy preserving and access control in secure outsourcing data storage scheme. In this paper, we propose an outsourcing data storage scheme which combines digital watermarking and cryptography technology to support privacy preserving and data hiding. We use the multi-granularity encryption algorithm to preserve the privacy of outsourcing data. The RSA-based proxy re-encryption (PRE) algorithm is used to make the key transportation safe. And the decrypted data containing hiding data is approximate to the original data. Experiments show that our scheme is secure and feasible.

To prevent three dimension applications developed using jMonkey Engine from being pirated, a robust software watermarking algorithm was proposed. A watermark based on an initial sequence of scene-graph-traversal was embedded into the software by a numbering system. Since the initial sequence was a very important clue for extracting the embedded watermark, it should be only known by the owner. Furthermore, the algorithm for embedding and extracting the watermark was discussed. Analysis shows that the new method is more robust. And it enjoys the advantage that the size of scene graph does not be changed.

In the digital world, that is currently evolving at such a rapid pace, intellectual copyright protection is becoming increasingly important. This is due to digital data being particularly simple to copy and resell without any loss of quality. Digital representation and distribution of data has increased the potential for misuse and theft and thus gives rise to problems associated with copyright protection and the enforcement of these rights. The main technical approaches to address the challenge of intellectual copyright protection are digital watermarking techniques. The spread spectrum technology has become an important technique that is not only widely used for still image and video watermarking, but also used for audio watermarking.A robust watermarking algorithm to watermark JPEG2000 compressed and encrypted images. The encryption algorithm is proposed to use a stream cipher. While the proposed technique embeds watermark(the transmission of question paper in online for a secure manner) in the compressed-encrypted domain, the extraction of watermark can be done in the decrypted domain. Based upon this application a study made for this transformation such as multiwavelet, contourlet and lifting scheme decomposition and also compare the characteristics of these transformations using LSB technique for various file formats and the spread-spectrum watermarking (SSW) technology. Experimental results show the various characteristics of different transforms, the embedding capacity,robustness, perceptual quality and security of the proposed algorithm, and their efficiency with various image formats in watermarking using LSB algorithm and spread spectrum.

Recently, a variety of digital watermarking schemes have been developed for copyright protection of digital images. In robust watermarking, which is used in copyright protection, transform-based algorithms are used to ensure resilience of the watermark to common signal processing attacks. The most frequently used watermarking algorithms for additive watermark embedding involve DCT, DFT, SVD and DWT domains. In this article we verify which domain is optimal for robust, the additive watermark embedding scheme. We demonstrate that in additive watermark embedding the embedding domain plays more important role than the embedding formula.

At the present time, the aptitude in contemplation of accessing as well as sharing images has become progressively facile with the Internet allowing people to procure information remotely from anywhere in the entire world. Moreover, there has been also an expansion with regard to the number of the still digital images over the internet for the sake of the fact that a vast number of millions of people are capturing digital photos. Fundamentally, the procedure of digital watermarking can be delineated as a method for embedding information into another signal (a digital signal). In case of digital images, the embedded information can be either visible or hidden from the user. In this project, we will concentrate on imperceptible watermarks. The principal intention of digital watermarks is to provide copyright protection for intellectual property that is in digital format. Typical usage scenarios for watermarking are such as copyright protection and data authentication. In this paper, we describe an imperceptible and a robust DWT digital Image Watermarking algorithm.The algorithm watermarks a given digital image using a Discrete Wavelet Transform. &nbsp

Digital watermarking is hiding the information inside a digital media. Its widely used in copyright protection of digital images .This paper presents a comparative study of digital watermarking techniques in frequency domain and explores the role of Discrete cosine transform DCT, Discrete wavelet transform DWT and Contourlet transform CT in generating robust embedding technique that resist various attacks. The experimental results show the superiority of CT-based watermarking over DWT and DCT watermarking techniques, the quality of the watermarked image is excellent, it can include huge amount of hidden data, but it's not much better than other techniques in resisting attacks.

A Digital watermarking is a technique that provides a solution to the longstanding problems faced with copyrighting digital data. Digital watermarks are pieces of information added to digital data (audio, video, or still images) that can be detected or extracted later to make an assertion about the data. This information can be textual data about the author, its copyright, etc; or it can be an image itself. Watermarking Based on DCT Coefficient Modulation technique embeds the watermark in the DCT domain to increase the robustness of the watermarking scheme.DCT based watermarking is an example of frequency domain watermarking. The objective of this research work is to implement DCT based watermarking technique on gray scale image. The study focuses on evaluating the robustness of watermarked image after having three different attacks on watermarked image and extraction of watermark from that particular image. To compare the DCT based watermarking with LSB based watermarking and to validate the proposed work & the comparative results of watermarking using DCT and LSB are also presented. This paper recommends DCT based technique for achieving robustness in digital image watermarking.

A practical watermarking scheme for the copyright protection of video contents is proposed in this paper. The embedding and extracting are performed using the elements of the compressed bit stream. Watermark can be extracted blindly without original videos and complete decoding is unnecessary. Through the analyses of robustness, some appropriate subblocks are selected for embedding watermarks, reducing the declination of the visual quality. The experimental results show the proposed scheme can achieve good excellent robustness to common video processing methods such as low bit rate compression and synchronization attacks in favor of protecting the copyright of video based on H.264.

Digital images are very easy to manipulate, store, publish and secondary creation this juggle will lead to serious consequence in some applications such as military image, medical image. So, integrity of digital image must be authenticated. Tools that help us establish the authenticity and integrity of digital media are thus essential and can prove vital whenever questions are raised about the origin of an image and its content. To project authenticity of images semi fragile watermarking is very concerned by researchers because of its important function in content authentication. Semifragile watermarking aim to monitor contents of images not its representations. In present paper various semi fragile water marking algorithm are studied using some image quality matrices, insertion methods used, verification method . Finally some observations are given based on literature survey of algorithms and techniques of semifragile watermarking techniques

DIGITAL WATERMARKING IS THE PROCESS OF EMBEDDING INFORMATION INTO A DIGITAL SIGNAL, I.E. AUDIO , PICTURES , VIDEO , ETC . EMBEDDED MARKS IN THE MESSAGE ARE GENERALLY IMPERCEPTIBLE BUT CAN BE DETECTED OR EXTRACTED. THE EMBEDDING TAKES PLACE BY MANIPULATING THE CONTENT OF THE DIGITAL DATA , WHICH MEANS THE INFORMATION IS NOT EMBEDDED IN THE FRAME AROUND THE DATA . IF THE SIGNAL IS COPIED , THEN THE EMBEDDED INFORMATION IS ALSO IN THE COPY . BY IMPERCEPTIBLY HIDING INFORMATION INTO THE VIDEO CONTENT IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO PREVENT COPYING OR PLAYBACK OF SUCH CONTENT . SO , WATERMARKING IS AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY THAT IS CLAIMED TO HAVE AN IMPORTANT APPLICATION IN COPY PROTECTION . A VARIETY OF WATERMARKING TECHNIQUES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED BY RESEARCHERS FOR THE COPY -PROTECTION . THIS PAPER PRESENTS AN EXTENSIVE REVIEW OF THE PREVAILING LITERATURE IN WATERMARKING FOR COPY PROTECTION .

Annotation watermarking is a technique that allows to associate content descriptions with digital images in a persistent and format independent manner. It is commonly used in medical applications and, hence, existing schemes have been designed to meet rigorous watermark transparency requirements. As a result, the effective capacity of such schemes is severely limited. In this paper, we present a new approach to annotation watermarking. We adopt the fountain coding paradigm and design a convenient watermark communication architecture which resembles a traditional packet network. Our approach allows for straightforward incorporation of content adaptivity, robustness against cropping and support for multiple data streams. In our study, we focus on high-capacity annotations and we assume different requirements with respect to the fidelity of the watermarked images. Our scheme is robust against lossy JPEG compression and cropping. This paper describes the principles of the proposed approach and presents the results of it's experimental evaluation.

With the rapid progress in communication and multimedia technology, protection of multimedia assets has become a major concern. Encryption and watermarking are two complementary techniques that are used for safeguarding multimedia data like audio, video and images. These methods serve two different purposes; encryption helps in making the media unintelligible, while watermarking helps in providing copyright information in it. In this paper a combination of both encryption and watermarking is incorporated on audio files with this aim in view. Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) is performed on audio files up to third level which gives rise to a binary tree like structure. The areas for watermark embedding and encryption are selected among the wavelet coefficients in the leaf nodes of the tree. Detailed experimentation is carried out with analysis of SNR values, that leads to the determination of degree of degradation of the audio quality after encryption. Such controlled degradation can be used for safe distribution of audio contents over public networks, whereby only the authorized users can have access to the high quality contents, while other users can only access a lower quality version.

This essay describes a new radio encryption technique among communication equipments, that is embed confidential information in normal carrier by using digital watermarking to achieve the purpose of protecting confidential information and confusing illegal interceptors. Meanwhile it also gives embed watermarking based on integration and Detection Algorithm.

In recent years, internet revolution resulted in an explosive growth in multimedia applications. The rapid advancement of internet has made it easier to send the data/image accurate and faster to the destination. Besides this, it is easier to modify and misuse the valuable information through hacking at the same time. Digital watermarking is one of the proposed solutions for copyright protection of multimedia data. A watermark is a form, image or text that is impressed onto paper, which provides evidence of its authenticity. In this paper an invisible watermarking technique (least significant bit) and a visible watermarking technique is implemented. This paper presents the general overview of image watermarking and different security issues. Various attacks are also performed on watermarked images and their impact on quality of images is also studied. In this paper, Image Watermarking using Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm has been used for embedding the message/logo into the image. This work has been implemented through MATLAB. Keywords - Watermarking, Least Significant Bit (LSB), JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group), Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).

Technology has no limits today; we have lots of software available in the market by which we can alter any image. People usually copies image from the internet and after some changes they claim that these are their own properties. Insuring digital image integrity has therefore become a major issue. Over the past few years, watermarking has emerged as the leading candidate to solve problems of ownership and content authentications for digital multimedia documents. To protect authenticity of images semi fragile watermarking is very concerned by researchers because of its important function in multimedia content authentication. The aim of this paper is to present a survey and a comparison of emerging techniques for image authentication using semifragile watermarking. In present paper comprehensive overview of insertion and extraction methods used in different semi fragile water marking algorithm are studied using image parameters, potential application, different algorithms are described and focus is on their comparison according to the properties cited above and future directions for developing a better image authentication algorithm are suggested.

Digital watermarking is a good tool for healthcare information management systems. The well-known quantization-index-modulation- (QIM-) based watermarking has its limitations as the host image will be destroyed; however, the recovery of medical image is essential to avoid misdiagnosis. A transparent yet reversible watermarking algorithm is required for medical image applications. In this paper, we propose a fractional-discrete-cosine-transform- (FDCT-) based watermarking to exactly reconstruct the host image. Experimental results show that the FDCT-based watermarking is preferable to the QIM-based watermarking for the medical image applications.

Performance of digital video watermarking is an assessment that hides a lot of information in digital videos. Therefore, it is required to find a way that enables to store lots of bits of data into a high quality video of the frequency area of digital contents. Hence, this paper designs a watermarking system improving security with an enhancing watermarking based on invisible watermarking and embedding an watermarking on LH and HL subband and its subband by transforming wavelet after the extraction of luminance component from the frames of video by compromising robustness and invisible of watermarking elements. The performance analysis of security of watermarking is carried out with a statistic method, and makes an assessment of robustness against variety of attacks to invisible watermarking. We can verify the security of watermarking against variety of attacks by testing robustness and invisible through carrying out general signal processing like noise addition, lossy compression, and Low-Pass filtering.

As a general and effective protection measure for copyright violations, which occur with the use of digital technologies including peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, copyright owners from the cultural sector often use Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems and digital watermarking techniques so as to encrypt copyright information to the cultural content. In other cases, copyright owners restrict or even block access to the digital cultural content through the Internet and the P2P infrastructure. This chapter claims that DRM and P2P can be quite complementary. Specifically, a P2P infrastructure is presented which allows broad digital cultural content exchange while on the same time supports copyright protection and management through watermarking technologies for digital images.

The Digital Watermarking Technique Has Attracted Increased Interests on the past Decades. the General Framework of Robust Watermarking Is Described, and some Typical Robust Digital Image Watermarking Patents Are Surveyed in this Paper. the Main Principles and Functions of these Patents Are Reviewed and Discussed. then a Summarization about these Patents, the Challenge and Potential Research Directions in the Future Are Given Briefly.

This paper describes the agent technology and the concept of digital watermarking and the specific properties of watermarking techniques forced by the copyright protection applications. For digital copyrights protection in heterogeneous network environment, intelligent Agent technology is introduced to combine with digital watermarking technology. It proposes a framework model of Digital Right Management (DRM) system based on the agent technology and digital watermarking techniques and detailedly discusses functions and working principle of intelligent Digital Right Management(DRM) system.

Watermarking technique has widely developed prospects in information protection, digital right authentication and electronic commerce. This paper describes the basic concept, character, classify of watermarking technique. The function of watermarking technique in digital information security and protection is analyzed in detail.

Digital watermarking is an efficient method for the intellectual property protection and identification. A digital watermarking method by double encryption based on Arnold and chaos in DCT domain was proposed in this paper. First, the digital watermarking was transformed by Arnold scrambling, and then the watermarking was encrypted by chaos system again, so it made the watermarking get double encryption. The encrypted watermarking was embedded into the parts of low-frequency coefficients. The experimental results show that the algorithm is effective and robust for several attacks such as common noise, filtering, cropping and JPEG compression, as well as its good security.

The copyright protection of digital images is a critical element for multimedia applications on Web, electronic libraries and virtual image galleries. Since the middle of the nineties, digital watermarking techniques have been proposed as a streamlined solution to solve the copyright problem. In this article we present the difficulties occurred during the construction and the experimentation of our wavelet-based watermarking algorithm. In fact we faced the classical watermarking problems such as computational cost, imperceptibility and robustness. In addition to these critical aspects we had to resolve problems concerning the application of watermarking techniques on a real database Web gallery.

In recent days the computer communication and the usage of multimedia data is enormous in the Internet, so protection of those data from malicious attacks and signal processing operations are very important. In specific, geometric attacks are considered as serious attacks which make watermarked work get distorted such that it is difficult to extract hidden information. In this paper the detailed study is made on the various geometric attacks invariant watermarking algorithms and also a comparative study report is present for geometric attacks invariant watermarking systems.

Digital image authentication refers to all the techniques performing anti-falsification, digital image copyright protection, or access control. A large number of DIA techniques have been developed to authenticate digital images, including cryptography-based digital image authentication CBDIA techniques and data-hiding-based digital image authentication DHBDIA techniques. This paper not only provides some practical applications on image authentication, but also describes general frameworks of image watermarking and the general techniques, including robust watermarking, fragile watermarking, and semi-fragile watermarking. This paper also addresses the potential issues on future research directions, including managing the PRNU database, development of advanced PRNU-based blind authentication techniques, and search for digital fingerprints.

Digital watermarking is used to hide the information inside a signal, which can not be easily extracted by the third party. Its widely used application is copyright protection of digital information. It is different from the encryption in the sense that it allows the user to access, view and interpret the signal but protect the ownership of the content. One of the current research areas is to protect digital watermark inside the information so that ownership of the information cannot be claimed by third party. With a lot of information available on various search engines, to protect the ownership of information is a crucial area of research. In latest years, several digital watermarking techniques are presented based on discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete wavelets transform (DWT) and discrete fourier transforms (DFT). In this paper, we propose an algorithm for digital image watermarking technique based on singular value decomposition; both of the L and U components are explored for watermarking algorithm. This technique refers to the watermark embedding algorithm and watermark extracting algorithm. The experimental results prove that the quality of the watermarked image is excellent and there is strong resistant against many geometrical attacks.

Recently, business in digital content has grown at a rapid pace, and a variety of services and environments that carry music and video content have been established. Various distribution services, such as DVD distribution and streaming distribution services over the Internet, have been started. Businesses that handle high-quality video are growing. However, these businesses are incurring increasing damages as a result of illegal copies, the quality of which does not deteriorate as the content is copied, owing to the nature of digitalization. The problems that accompany the evolution of digital technologies are some of the barriers impeding the solid growth of digital content businesses. Against this background, we investigate digital watermarking as a method for protecting for video content in this research, and we consider the related technologies and methods for implementing such watermarking. In order to compare digital watermarking technology with existing technology, we have divided the characteristics of digital watermarking technology into three elements. We discuss new concepts regarding each element and clarify its characteristics. We make a proposal for the copyright protection of digital content, and also propose how copyright protection can be applied in the service field.