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153. IMPACT OF SURGICAL TREATMENT ON THE GAIT OF PATIENTS WITH CERVICAL MYELOPATHY

Author

DHARA SIQUEIRA LAGES, THABATA PASQUINI SOEIRA, MARIANA DEMéTRIO DE SOUSA PONTES, and CARLOS FERNANDO PEREIRA DA SILVA HERRERO

Subjects
Myelopathy, Decompression, Gait Analysis, Surgery, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the impact of surgery on gait characteristics of individuals with Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM) after one month of the procedure. Methods: Observational, cohort type study, with a quantitative analysis approach. Two assessments were performed, the first one week before surgery and the second 30 days after the decompression procedure. The following space-time variables were analyzed: steps per minute, step length, cycle time, speed, steps per minute, support time, swing time, step time. The kinematic variables obtained were analyzed by Gait Profile Score (GPS) and Movement Analysis Profile (MAP). Results: comparing pre and postoperative values, there was a decrease in the number of steps per minute (p=0.006), an increase in support time (p=0.011) and an increase in cycle time (p=0.004). Other variables did not present statistically significant differences. The patients’ total GPS average in the pre-surgery assessment was 10.41 and 1 month after the procedure, an average of 10.56 was obtained, which does not characterize a statistical difference between the assessments. When establishing a comparison between the two assessments specifically on each joint movement of the lower limbs using the MAP, it was observed that the obliquity and rotation of the pelvis showed some improvement immediately after the surgical procedure. Knee flexion and extension were significantly (p=0.018) more compromised after the procedure when compared to the value of the same population before surgery. Conclusion: the preliminary analysis of the gait of these patients after one month of intervention did not show immediate benefits of the procedure. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic studies - Investigation of treatment outcomes.

Published
2023
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154. Enhancement of magnetocaloric effect in V doped intermetallic compounds Nd(Co1-xVx)(2)Si-2 (x=0, 0.20 and 0.35)

Author

CHOWDHURY, RR, DHARA, S, and BANDYOPADHYAY, B

Subjects
Entropy, Tm, Rare-Earth, Magnetocaloric Effect, Composite-Materials, Phase-Transitions, Er, Refrigeration, Ndco2si2, Ho, Ferromagnetic, Magnetic Transition, Nd, Dy, High Magnetic-Fields, Intermetallic Compound
Abstract

We report a large enhancement of magnetocaloric entropy change in vanadium substituted intermetallic compounds Nd(Co-1-V-x(x))(2)Si-2 (x = 0.20 and 0.35). The antiferromagnetic parent compound NdCo2Si2 exhibits inverse magnetocaloric response. Upon vanadium doping, antiferromagnetic transition is gradually suppressed and there is a drastic modification of the ground state, with appearance of ferromagnetism in Nd(Co0.65V0.35)(2)Si-2. Such modifications are reflected in the magnetocaloric properties of the parent and the doped compounds. In comparison to the inverse magnetocaloric response of the parent compound, the doped compound with x = 0.35 shows a conventional magnetocaloric effect that is large in magnitude compared to the parent compound. A table-like MCE in a wide-temperature range of 5-60 K have been observed in Nd(Co0.65V0.35)(2)Si-2. The present study demonstrates enhancement of magnetic entropy by way of substitution at the transition metal site in these compounds.

Published
2017

155. A review of chronic pain with depression and/or anxiety comorbidities in the Indian population

Author

Madhuri Lokapur, Nand Kumar, Hemang Shah, and Dhara Shah

Subjects
cancer pain, chronic pain, epidemiology, neuropathic pain, psychiatric comorbidities, treatment guidelines, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Chronic pain and psychiatric conditions often coexist with shared risk factors and a reverse causal link. Depression and anxiety comorbidities are associated with increased pain intensity, less favorable response to treatments, and higher medical costs. The management of psychiatric comorbidities in chronic pain conditions is less explored in India. This paper aims to review the current literature landscape of comorbid depressive and/or anxiety disorders with chronic pain conditions in the Indian populations and identify need gaps for future research. A literature search on MEDLINE database and other sources conducted from January 2010 through March 2020 retrieved 84 shortlisted eligible articles and their findings were synthesized into a narrative review. There was a high prevalence of comorbid depression and anxiety with chronic pain observed across multiple pain etiologies and population groups in the Indian setting. Women had a higher burden of psychiatric comorbidities in chronic pain conditions compared with men. Poor socioeconomic conditions and pain severity were important risk factors that predisposed individuals to psychological distress. There was limited data on evidence-based management of chronic pain and comorbid depression or anxiety for Indian populations. Barriers toward effective pain management in India occur at the level of patients, physicians, or healthcare systems; some of these challenges relate to patient's health-seeking behavior, stigma associated with psychiatric treatment, physician awareness, and education, and access to pain medications. Future initiatives are needed toward building an evidence base for effective management of pain and comorbid psychiatric conditions in India.

Published
2023
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156. Community Development and Extension Education Training in Support of NORRIP Implementation.

Author

Gill, Dhara S.

Abstract

This report proposes a training framework for community development and extension education in support of Integrated Rural Development Programmes in the Northern Region of Ghana. The first chapter clarifies the basic concepts of the Northern Region Rural Integrated Programme (NORRIP) and discusses the role of community development and extension education in NORRIP. Chapter 2 defines the learning needs of four client groups: (1) village level workers of integrated rural development agencies; (2) middle level and supervisory personnel; (3) senior management and policy level staff; and (4) village leaders. Chapters 3 and 4 present a framework for training all rural development agents in community organization and extension education methods. The training is presented as a continuum including pre-service training, induction training, and in-service training. Topics include effective use of informal training situations, preparation of training manuals and technical bulletins, and evaluation of training. The final chapter defines the role of NORRIP's Section on Community Development and Adult Education in the areas of planning, training, social animation, and evaluation and monitoring of the training programs. Appendices contain suggested curricula and course outlines for the training programs. (JHZ)

Published
1984

158. Blood clotting and traumatic injury with shock mediates complement-dependent neutrophil priming for extracellular ROS, ROS-dependent organ injury and coagulopathy

Author

Barrett, C D, primary, Hsu, A T, additional, Ellson, C D, additional, Miyazawa, B Y, additional, Kong, Y-W, additional, Greenwood, J D, additional, Dhara, S, additional, Neal, M D, additional, Sperry, J L, additional, Park, M S, additional, Cohen, M J, additional, Zuckerbraun, B S, additional, and Yaffe, M B, additional

Published
2018
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163. Ion-beam mixing in an immiscible Fe/Ag multilayer film.

Author

Amirthapandian, S., Panigrahi, B.K., Srivastava, A.K., Dhara, S., Gupta, Ajay, Sastry, V.S., Nandedkar, R.V., Nair, K.G.M., and Narayanasamy, A.

Subjects
MULTILAYERED thin films, IRON, SILVER, ION bombardment, IRRADIATION, MICROSTRUCTURE
Abstract

Ion-beam mixing of the thermally immiscible Fe/Ag system is studied by 90 kev Ar+-ion irradiation of Fe/Ag multilayer at 325 K and the evolution of microstructure is studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD), x-ray reflectivity, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). XRD measurements did not show any evidence of a additional phase formation or increase in solubility due to mixing of Fe in Ag. X-ray reflectivity analysis shows an initial sharpening at the interface for a fluence of 1× 10 16 ions/cm² and the destruction of multilayer periodicity is observed for higher fluences. The size of Ag(Fe in Ag) nanoclusters was optimum at a fluence of 7× 10 16 ions/cm² and was found to be in the range of 10-20 nm. The particle density decreases at low fluence and on further irradiation, the particle density increases at higher ion fluences. This indicates the nucleation of Ag particles presumably due to long-range transport of Ag atoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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164. Electron transport across fractal-like nanocrystalline clusters in N[sup +] ion-beam induced poly(phenylene oxide).

Author

Das, A., Dhara, S., and Patnaik, A.

Subjects
*THIN films, *FOURIER transform spectroscopy
Abstract

Nanocrystalline carbonaceous cluster evolution and electron transport in the N[sup +] beam induced spin coated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) thin films as a function of ion fluence has been investigated. Following Robertson's model and electron diffraction, the narrow optical band gaps were explained in terms of polyaromatic, single crystalline graphitelike clusters. With a threshold fluence of 1x10[sup 15] ions/cm[sup 2] for cluster growth, the size of the clusters ranged from 2 to 50 nm with the number of aromatic rings varying between 20 and 170 over the entire fluence range upto 8x10[sup 16] ions/cm[sup 2]. A molecular reconstruction/self organization has been envisaged as a possible clue to the above structure evolution upon a critical energy density transferred to the 53 nm implanted layer. Transmission electron microscopy study of fractal scaling in the nanoparticle aggregates revealed a fractal dimension of 1.37±0.02 with the growth process to follow a diffusion limited aggregation model. Electrical conductivity data are explained in terms of a phase transition from an insulating state to a trap controlled hopping conduction of charge carriers between localized states on the backbone cluster with a backbone fractal exponent ∼3. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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167. Optimal service elasticity in large-scale distributed systems

Author

Mukherjee, D., Dhara, S., Borst, S.C., van Leeuwaarden, J.S.H., Mukherjee, D., Dhara, S., Borst, S.C., and van Leeuwaarden, J.S.H.

Abstract

A fundamental challenge in large-scale cloud networks and data centers is to achieve highly efficient server utilization and limit energy consumption, while providing excellent user-perceived performance in the presence of uncertain and time-varying demand patterns. Auto-scaling provides a popular paradigm for automatically adjusting service capacity in response to demand while meeting performance targets, and queue-driven auto-scaling techniques have been widely investigated in the literature. In typical data center architectures and cloud environments however, no centralized queue is maintained, and load balancing algorithms immediately distribute incoming tasks among parallel queues. In these distributed settings with vast numbers of servers, centralized queue-driven auto-scaling techniques involve a substantial communication overhead and major implementation burden, or may not even be viable at all. Motivated by the above issues, we propose a joint auto-scaling and load balancing scheme which does not require any global queue length information or explicit knowledge of system parameters, and yet provides provably near-optimal service elasticity. We establish the fluid-level dynamics for the proposed scheme in a regime where the total traffic volume and nominal service capacity grow large in proportion. The fluid-limit results show that the proposed scheme achieves asymptotic optimality in terms of user-perceived delay performance as well as energy consumption. Specifically, we prove that both the waiting time of tasks and the relative energy portion consumed by idle servers vanish in the limit. At the same time, the proposed scheme operates in a distributed fashion and involves only constant communication overhead per task, thus ensuring scalability in massive data center operations. Extensive simulation experiments corroborate the fluid-limit results, and demonstrate that the proposed scheme can match the user performance and energy consumption of stat

Published
2017

168. Universality for critical heavy-tailed network models: metric structure of maximal components

Author

Bhamidi, S., Dhara, S., van der Hofstad, R.W., Sen, S., Bhamidi, S., Dhara, S., van der Hofstad, R.W., and Sen, S.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to understand general universality principles for random network models whose component sizes in the critical regime lie in the multiplicative coalescent universality class but with heavy tails resulting in hubs. For the multiplicative coalescent in this regime, limit (random) metric spaces via appropriate tilts of inhomogeneous continuum random trees were derived by Bhamidi et al. (2015). In this paper we derive sufficient uniform asymptotic negligibility conditions for general network models to satisfy in the barely subcritical regime such that, if the model can be appropriately coupled to a multiplicative coalescent as one transitions from the barely subcritical regime through the critical scaling window, then the maximal components belong to the same universality class as in Bhamidi et al. (2015). As a canonical example, we study critical percolation on configuration models with heavy-tailed degrees. Of independent interest, we derive refined asymptotics for various susceptibility functions and maximal diameter in the barely subcritical regime. These estimates, coupled with the universality result, allow us to derive the asymptotic metric structure of the large components through the critical scaling window for percolation.

Published
2017

169. Critical window for the configuration model: finite third moment degrees

Author

Dhara, S., van der Hofstad, R.W., van Leeuwaarden, J.S.H., Sen, S., Dhara, S., van der Hofstad, R.W., van Leeuwaarden, J.S.H., and Sen, S.

Abstract

We investigate the component sizes of the critical configuration model, as well as the related problem of critical percolation on a supercritical configuration model. We show that, at criticality, the finite third moment assumption on the asymptotic degree distribution is enough to guarantee that the sizes of the largest connected components are of the order n 2/3 and the re-scaled component sizes (ordered in a decreasing manner) converge to the ordered excursion lengths of an inhomogeneous Brownian Motion with a parabolic drift. We use percolation to study the evolution of these component sizes while passing through the critical window and show that the vector of percolation cluster-sizes, considered as a process in the critical window, converge to the multiplicative coalescent process in the sense of finite dimensional distributions. This behavior was first observed for Erdős-Rényi random graphs by Aldous (1997) and our results provide support for the empirical evidences that the nature of the phase transition for a wide array of random-graph models are universal in nature. Further, we show that the re-scaled component sizes and surplus edges converge jointly under a strong topology, at each fixed location of the scaling window.

Published
2017

170. Solvable random network model for disordered sphere packing

Author

Dhara, S., van Leeuwaarden, J.S.H., Mukherjee, D., and Stochastic Operations Research

Abstract

A notorious problem in physics is to create a solvable model for random sequential adsorption of non-overlapping congruent spheres in the $d$-dimensional Euclidean space with $d\geq 2$. Spheres arrive sequentially at uniformly chosen locations in space and are accepted only when there is no overlap with previously deposited spheres. Due to spatial correlations, characterizing the fraction of accepted spheres or the area covered by the deposited spheres remains largely intractable. We study these disordered sphere packings by taking a radically novel approach that compares random sequential adsorption in Euclidean space to the nearest-neighbor blocking on a sequence of clustered random networks with a growing number of vertices. This tractable network model leads to a precise characterization of the coverage and elementary laws that describe the packing fraction as a function of density and dimension. By investigating the spatial dimensions two to five over wide density ranges, we show that these laws are accurate and universal. The model also supports a previously conjectured lower bound on the densest packing in high dimensions.

Published
2016

171. Heavy-tailed configuration models at criticality

Author

Dhara, S., van der Hofstad, R.W., van Leeuwaarden, J.S.H., Sen, S., Stochastic Operations Research, Mathematics and Computer Science, and Probability

Abstract

We study the critical behavior of the component sizes for the configuration model when the tail of the degree distribution of a randomly chosen vertex is a regularly-varying function with exponent τ−1, where τ∈(3,4). The component sizes are shown to be of the order n(τ−2)/(τ−1)L(n)−1 for some slowly-varying function L(⋅). We show that the re-scaled ordered component sizes converge in distribution to the ordered excursions of a thinned L\'evy process. This proves that the scaling limits for the component sizes for these heavy-tailed configuration models are in a different universality class compared to the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs. Also the joint re-scaled vector of ordered component sizes and their surplus edges is shown to have a distributional limit under a strong topology. Our proof resolves a conjecture by Joseph, Ann. Appl. Probab. (2014) about the scaling limits of uniform simple graphs with i.i.d degrees in the critical window, and sheds light on the relation between the scaling limits obtained by Joseph and this paper, which appear to be quite different. Further, we use percolation to study the evolution of the component sizes and the surplus edges within the critical scaling window, which is shown to converge in finite dimension to the augmented multiplicative coalescent process introduced by Bhamidi et. al., Probab. Theory Related Fields (2014). The main results of this paper are proved under rather general assumptions on the vertex degrees. We also discuss how these assumptions are satisfied by some of the frameworks that have been studied previously.

Published
2016

172. Effect of substrate temperature on microstructural, vibrational and electrical properties of ZnO nanostructured thin films

Author

PRASAD A.K. and DHARA S.

Subjects
sense organs
Abstract

ZnO nanostructured thin films are synthesized by a simple spray pyrolysis technique using zinc acetyl acetonate precursor on Si substrates. The morphology control is achieved by varying the substrate temperature during deposition between 350 and 450 ° C. The microstructural changes accompanying the changes in growth conditions are observed under the transmission electron microscopy. The vibrational properties of these films are studied using Raman spectroscopy and the differences in crystallinity are explained. The electrical properties are determined from I-V measurements.

Published
2016

173. RP-HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, lamivudine, and efavirenz in combined tablet dosage form

Author

Bhavini N. Patel, Chhaganbhai N. Patel, and Dhara S. Bhavsar

Subjects
validation, Detection limit, Chromatography, Efavirenz, Tenofovir, Calibration curve, Chemistry, Phosphate buffered saline, Lamivudine, Dosage form, chemistry.chemical_compound, RP-HPLC, medicine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, Original Article, lamivudine, Uv detection, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: A simple, precise, accurate, and rapid reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with UV-Visible detector has been developed and subsequently validated for the simultaneous determination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), lamivudine (LAMI), and efavirenz (EFV) in their combined tablet dosage form. Materials and Methods: The separation was based on the use of a Kromasil C 18 analytical column (150 × 4.6 mm, i.d., 5 μm). The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of 70 volumes of methanol and 30 volumes of 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 5.0). The separation was carried out at 40°C temperature with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Results: Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 254 nm, with linear calibration curves at concentration ranges of 1–6 μg/ml for TDF and LAMI and 2–12 μg/ml for EFV. The recoveries obtained were 99.46–101.36% for LAMI, 99.57–101.42% for TDF, and 99.96–100.87 for EFV. Conclusion: The method was validated according to International conference of harmonisation guidelines in terms of accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness, limits of detection and quantitation, and other aspects of analytical validation. Key words: Efavirenz, lamivudine, RP-HPLC, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, validation.

Published
2012

177. Synergistic effect of morphology and Co+2/Co+3ratio on supercapacitor performance of Co3O4/vertical graphene nanosheets binder-free hybrid electrodes

Author

V., Madhav Kumar, Polaki, S.R., S., Tripura Sundari, and Dhara, S.

Abstract

Cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanostructures decorated vertical graphene nanosheets (VGN) based hybrid electrodes are synthesized to fabricate binder-free high-performance supercapacitors. Tuning of microstructure, morphology, and stoichiometry of Co3O4nanostructures is endeavoured by growing them in an oxygen medium using the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The variation in background oxygen pressure transformed the growth morphology of Co3O4nanostructures from smooth film to nano-particulate caterpillar, flower, and cloud-like. Additionally, the variation in background oxygen pressure significantly influences the Co+2/Co+3ratio. Moreover, the morphology variation led to a significant change in electrochemical active surface area (ECSA), and the electrochemical impedance characteristics varied from highly capacitive to nearly diffusive nature. These Co3O4/VGN hybrid electrodes exhibited an areal capacitance value of 32 mF/cm2(1900 F/g) @ 20 mV/s with cyclic stability of 87 % after 3000 charge-discharge (CD) cycles in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Herein, a correlation between morphology, ECSA, and Co+2/Co+3ratio with areal capacitance values is established. Finally, an asymmetric coin-cell device is fabricated using the Co3O4/VGN as a positive electrode and oxygenated VGN as a negative electrode, respectively. The coin-cell device exhibited a 4 mF/cm2capacitance with energy and power densities of about 1.8 μWh/cm2and 218.8 μW/cm2, respectively. Additionally, the coin-cell device displayed excellent cyclic stability of 92% after 5000 CD cycles. The potential utilization of this device is demonstrated by lighting an LED.

Published
2024
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179. Phase transitions of extremal cuts for the configuration model

Author

Dhara, S., Mukherjee, D., Sen, S., Dhara, S., Mukherjee, D., and Sen, S.

Abstract

The $k$-section width and the Max-Cut for the configuration model are shown to exhibit phase transitions according to the values of certain parameters of the asymptotic degree distribution. These transitions mirror those observed on Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graphs, established by Luczak and McDiarmid (2001), and Coppersmith et al. (2004), respectively.

Published
2016

180. Generalized Random Sequential Adsorption on Erdős–Rényi Random Graphs

Author

Dhara, S., van Leeuwaarden, J.S.H., Mukherjee, D., Dhara, S., van Leeuwaarden, J.S.H., and Mukherjee, D.

Abstract

We investigate random sequential adsorption (RSA) on a random graph via the following greedy algorithm: Order the n vertices at random, and sequentially declare each vertex either active or frozen, depending on some local rule in terms of the state of the neighboring vertices. The classical RSA rule declares a vertex active if none of its neighbors is, in which case the set of active nodes forms an independent set of the graph. We generalize this nearest-neighbor blocking rule in three ways and apply it to the Erdős–Rényi random graph. We consider these generalizations in the large-graph limit n→ ∞ and characterize the jamming constant, the limiting proportion of active vertices in the maximal greedy set.

Published
2016

182. Various job scheduling algorithms in cloud computing: A survey

Author

Rutvij H. Jhaveri, Yash P. Dave, Avani S. Shelat, and Dhara S. Patel

Subjects
Rate-monotonic scheduling, Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling, Utility computing, Computer science, Distributed computing, Two-level scheduling, Lottery scheduling, Dynamic priority scheduling, Round-robin scheduling, Algorithm, Fair-share scheduling
Abstract

Cloud Computing provides a Computing environment where different resources, infrastructures, development platforms and software are delivered as a service to customers virtually on pay per time basis. Low cost, scalability, reliability, utility-based computing are important aspects of cloud computing. Job scheduling is an essential and most important part in any cloud environment. With increasing number of users, Job scheduling becomes a strenuous task. Ordering the jobs by scheduler while maintaining the balance between quality of services (QoS), efficiency and fairness of jobs is quite challenging. Scheduling algorithms are implemented considering parameters such as throughput, resource utilization, latency, cost, priority, computational time, physical distances, performance, bandwidth, resource availability. Though there are different scheduling algorithms available in cloud computing, a very less comparative study has been done on performance of various scheduling algorithms with respect to above mentioned parameters. This paper aims at a comparative study of various types of job scheduling algorithms that provide efficient cloud services.

Published
2014

183. Spectroscopic fingerprints of ultra-clean transferred monolayer MoS2.

Author

Bhuyan, C. Abinash, Madapu, Kishore K., and Dhara, S.

Subjects
*MONOMOLECULAR films, *METHYL methacrylate, *SURFACE strains, *RAMAN spectroscopy
Abstract

Being a 2D material, monolayer MoS2 is always susceptible to the strain and charge-transfer doping. The poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) based wet-transfer method is mostly practiced technique to transfer the 2D materials to any arbitrary substrates. In this context, the PMMA residues on monolayer MoS2 surface generate strain and induces charge-transfer doping. Here, we employed Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy to study the interaction of PMMA residues with the monolayer MoS2. PMMA residues on monolayer MoS2 were decorated as optically visible chunks and nanoparticles. The as-transferred flakes were compressively strained as compared to strain-free flakes. An additional compressive strain (0.19 %) existed in PMMA chunk (on-PMMA) region as compared to the region with no PMMA chunks (off-PMMA). Moreover, the on-PMMA region is 24% highly p-type doped as compared to the off-PMMA region. In addition, the ultra-clean, PMMA-free, monolayer MoS2 was achieved by a new cleaning method using non-solvent of PMMA. The ultra-clean monolayer MoS2 is almost strain-free and contains the negligible p−type doping. The results from Raman analysis was corroborated by the photoluminescence spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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190. Different modulated structures of topological defects stabilized by adaptive targeting nanoparticles

Author

Cordoyiannis, G. Rao Jampani, V.S. Kralj, S. Dhara, S. Tzitzios, V. Basina, G. Nounesis, G. Kutnjak, Z. Pati Tripathi, C.S. Losada-Pérez, P. Jesenek, D. Glorieux, C. Muševič, I. Zidanšek, A. Ameinitsch, H. Thoen, J.

Abstract

It is demonstrated that interactions between nanoparticles and topological defects induce a twist-grain boundary phase in a chiral liquid crystal. The occurrence of this phase, the analogue of the Shubnikov phase in type-II superconductors, is driven by direct interactions between surface-functionalized CdSe quantum dots and screw dislocations. It is shown that, within an adaptive-defect-core-targeting mechanism, nanoparticles of appropriate size and functionalization adapt to qualitatively different cores of topological defects such as disclination lines and screw dislocations. This mechanism enables the effective reduction of the energetically costly, singular defect core volume, while the surrounding phase ordering remains relatively weakly affected. The findings suggest new pathways towards the controlled assembly of superstructures in diverse, symmetry-broken, condensed-matter systems, ranging from nanoparticle-decorated liquid crystals to superconductors. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.

Published
2013

191. Separation of Carrier-Free 115mIn from Its Parent 115Cd Using the Synthesized TODGA-Impregnated Silica Gel.

Author

Mandal, M., Dhara, S., and Basu, S.

Subjects
*CD antigens, *RADIOISOTOPES, *CADMIUM, *SILICA gel, *X-ray diffraction
Abstract

A radiotracer technique has been used to achieve the carrier-free separation of 115mIn from its parent 115Cd in hydrochloric acid medium on a chromatographic column packed with TODGA-impregnated silica gel. At 8 M HCl, both cations are bound at the chelating site, which results in maximum adsorption. When the column is treated with 2 M HCl, the daughter complex gets desorbed and is eluted from the column, whereas the parent remains undisturbed. Pure silica gel does not adsorb radioactivity under these conditions. The radiochemical purity of daughter was checked by its half-life (4.49 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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194. Cytomegalovirus reactivation in seropositive critically ill patients with liver cirrhosis: A hospital-based longitudinal study

Author

Dhara Shah, Ekta Gupta, Sukriti Baweja, Samba Siva Rao Pasupuleti, Rakhi Maiwall, Archana Ramalingam, Lalita Gouri Mitra, and Shiv Kumar Sarin

Subjects
Cytomegalovirus, Reactivation, ICU, Cirrhosis, Real-Time PCR, Critically ill, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is known to occur among intensive care unit (ICU) patients. CMV-reactivation is not well-evaluated among critically ill cirrhotic adults who are not overtly immunocompromised. Objectives: Primary objective was to estimate the CMV-reactivation incidence rate among seropositive/latently infected critically ill cirrhotic adults. The secondary objective was to study the risk factors, host-related cytokine responses, and ICU outcomes associated with CMV-reactivation. Methods: In this longitudinal study conducted between November 2018 and June 2019, all consecutive anti-CMV-IgG-positive cirrhotic Liver-ICU patients were assessed at day 0/ICU-admission, day 7, 14, and 21 for CMV-reactivation/plasma-DNAemia (≥500 IU/ml), cytokines, clinical, laboratory and outcome parameters. Results: Fifty-five (48 male) cirrhosis patients consecutively admitted to liver-ICU were prospectively studied. Twenty (36%) adults developed CMV-reactivation. Majority (n=17/55, 30.9%; 95% CI: 19.1 - 44.8) showed CMV- reactivation on ICU-day 7. CMV-reactivation incidence rate during 21-day follow-up was 2.75% per person-day (95% CI: 1.68-4.26% per person-day). None of the risk factors studied was independently associated with CMV-reactivation. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (p=0.04), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (p=0.01), secondary (bacterial and/or fungal) infections (p=0.009), and raised pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN γ, p=0.012; TNFα, p=0.052) were observed concomitantly to CMV-reactivation on ICU-day 7. ICU-Mortality (n=34/55, 61.8%) did not vary with a presence or absence of CMV-reactivation (55% versus 65.7%; p=0.43). Length of stay (LOS) in liver-ICU did not differ concerning CMV-reactivation (5 days versus 4.5 days; p=0.17) Conclusions: CMV-reactivation incidence rate was considerable among seropositive non-immunosuppressed critically ill cirrhotic adults. Mortality and LOS in Liver-ICU were not significantly influenced by CMV-reactivation.

Published
2022
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