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According to the approved strategy for the development of the country's transport complex, the current trend is to increase the energy efficiency of service and industrial buildings. The analysis of scientific research carried out confirms that the variety of energy-saving technologies complicates the process of choosing optimal design solutions. It is also noted that the primary indicators of the choice of energy-saving technologies do not take into account prospective operating costs, as well as a likely decrease in the reliability of the functioning of buildings and structures of the transport infrastructure during operation. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to develop a model for multi-criteria decision making on the choice of the optimal energy-saving technology. The article proposes four levels of ranging of criteria, taking into account federal requirements, regional and industry specifics, as well as the availability of local mechanisms for the implementation of energy-saving technologies. Normalized indicators are referred to supra-rank criteria. The significance of organizational-technological, technical-economic and operational-technical criteria is determined by the expert method. An example of determining the vector of priorities, both criteria for comparison, and alternative energy-saving technologies by the analysis of hierarchies is given. The result of the study is a decision-making model for choosing the optimal energy-saving technology, taking into account the prospects for the operation of transport infrastructure buildings. The practical application of the results obtained is possible both in new construction and in the repair and reconstruction of buildings as an addition to the quality control system of design solutions.

Features of various Fe-containing nanosized slurry Fischer–Tropsch catalysts, obtained in situ by thermolysis, were investigated experimentally (catalytic tests, XRD, hermomagnetometric methods) and theoretically (DFT ab initio calculations, regression analysis). XRD patterns of the samples reveal the presence of preferentially single Fe7C3, Fe5C2 and Fe2C. A quantitative correlation was found between the values of the most important hydrocarbon group selectivity at 260 °C and the residual magnetization of the spent samples, regardless of promoter nature and amount. The Fe7C3 model clusters, according to the DFT results, prefer to be in high-spin states and substantiate the preference of associative coordinated CO. Because the CO associative sorption is unfavourable for chain growth on Fe Fischer–Tropsch catalysts and the carbides have Curie points

В статье рассматривается проблема режиссерской игры детей дошкольного возраста, показано ее значение для развития ребенка и особенности организации режиссерской игры.

Статья посвящена пользе рисования в жизни ребенка.

The influence of integrated resistors formed under irradiation in a nanowire on its superconducting transitions has been investigated. Niobium nitride nanowires with widths of 75–20 000 nm fabricated from a 5-nm-thick NbN film on single-crystal silicon substrates coated with a 0.3-μm-thick thermal silicon oxide layer and on sapphire substrates have been considered. The influence of a built-in resistive region on the critical current of transition from the superconducting to normal state is described.

This review contains the most significant results of Russian studies in the field of atmospheric electricity in 20152018. It is part of the Russian National Report on Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciencesto the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences (IAMAS). The report was presented and approved at the XXVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) 1. The review is followed by a list of the main published works on the studies of atmospheric electricity of Russian scientists in 20152018.

The effect of the plasmonic enhancement of dye fluorescence in poly(vinyl butyral) films containing Ag/SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles has been thoroughly studied. It has been shown that the magnitude of this effect can be quite large (up to 5 times) even for a dye having a very high quantum yield (coumarin 7). Therewith, it substantially depends on the size and concentration of Ag/SiO2 particles and the quantum yield of a dye. The results obtained are discussed with involvement of mechanisms reported in the literature for plasmonic enhancement of fluorescence of dyes characterized by high and low quantum yields.

—Data on the most frequently mentioned systems consisting of bimetallic nanoparticles, one of the components of which are gold nanoparticles, are generalized and systematized. Methods of their preparation affecting their structural characteristics are described. Optical and other properties and advantages in their directed application in various fields are shown.

The solubilization of a water-insoluble biologically active compound, curcumin, in micelles of amphiphilic antimicrobial agents, such as miramistin, ethonium, and cetalkonium, is investigated, and the thermodynamic characteristics of this process are determined. It has been shown that the sol–gel synthesis of multifunctional mesoporous silica containers can be realized using these surfactants’ micelles, which contain solubilized curcumin, as “hybrid” templates.

The index method is an effective tool to study and assess consumer sentiment in the given territory by calculating the aggregated consumer sentiment indices based on sociological data. Our paper discusses methodological approaches used in international practice to measure and evaluate consumer sentiment with the help of integrated indices; we also consider trends in the consumer sentiment index of residents of Russia and the Vologda Oblast. Using multiple regression analysis, we investigate the impact of macroeconomic indicators on consumer sentiment. The information base of the research is presented by the results of the public opinion monitoring conducted by Vologda Research Center of RAS (VolRC RAS), all-Russian analytical centers (Levada-Center, International Institute for Marketing and Social Research GfK Rus), as well as by the data of the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the territorial office of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Vologda Oblast (Vologdastat). The basis of various methods used in the world practice to study consumer sentiment is formed by a technique developed in the 1950s by the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research (USA). The technique involves constructing an aggregate consumer sentiment index and has become widespread in Russia; RAS Vologda Research Center has extensive experience in regional studies of consumer attitudes and behavior based on sociological data. The results of its regional monitoring largely correlate with the all-Russian indicators, but the consumer sentiment of the Vologda Oblast residents during the measurement period is less favorable than in Russia as a whole. At the same time, long-term forecasts for development of the Russian economy look more optimistic than the estimates of the current state and short-term prospects. Such macroeconomic indicators as the turnover of retail trade of food and non-food products, the dynamics of industrial production, the consumer price index and people’s monetary incomes have a significant impact on the formation of consumer sentiment in the region. In general, the use of the indices in the studies of consumer behavior provides a rare opportunity to take into account psychological factors in the modeling and forecasting of the economy, which allows us to detect trends of the socio-economic situation in time and, on this basis, to make adjustments to the management of economic processes

Introduction. The subject of the study is the study of technologies to ensure the reliability of sewage pumping stations (SPS), exploited in the Far North. One of the most important problems is the freezing of water in the SPS tanks, associated with the incorrect selection of the insulation of the SPS of new TPPs, as well as the deterioration of the insulation of the SPS under the influence of aggressive media on the old TPPs. As a solution, the article considers two main methods of internal heating: liquid and electric. Both methods were analyzed using the example of the Yakutsk State District Power Plant-2, where the disruption of the drainage system may lead to a station shutdown. Materials and methods. The purpose of the study was a comparative analysis and selection on the basis of a feasibility study of the most reliable method of heating the pumping unit of the Yakutsk State District Power Plant-2, exposed to low temperatures and, as a consequence, the freezing of wastewater in tanks. On the basis of field surveys and the processing of their results using mathematical statistics, the causes of the problem of water freezing in the SPS units at Yakutsk State District Power Plant-2 were studied and analyzed. Technological characteristics of the installed SPS were also analyzed, heat engineering calculations were performed, economic indicators were calculated, and further solutions to the problem under consideration were determined. Results. Analysis of the technical parameters and configuration of the SPS showed that the installed insulation and the heating system do not correspond to the territorial conditions in which this equipment is installed. To bring the SPS into working condition, two solutions for internal heating of tanks were developed and their comparative analysis was performed. Selected heating option with heating cable. This system has been successfully implemented and is operating normally. Conclusions. The results of the work can be used to repair thermal insulation and install a heating system for industrial pumping stations without using earthworks in the conditions of the Far North and on the territory of permafrost soils.

Supported polymetallic catalysts (5–15% wt% of active phase) for deep oxidation and hydrogenation were successfully prepared by Self-propagating Surface Synthesis (SSS) using metal nitrates as oxidants and urea as a fuel. Commercial granules of γ-Al2O3; NaA, NaX, ZSM-5 zeolites; and silica gel were used as supports. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, and SEM/EDS. Catalytic behavior of the catalysts in a flow reactor was determined by gas–liquid chromatography, chemical analysis, and tested in deep oxidation of CO and propane as well as in hydrogenation of CO2 to methane.

Topochemical transformations occurring during the reduction of low-concentrated catalytic dispersions used for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis in a three-phase slurry reactor are investigated. As evidenced by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, catalyst systems containing nanoparticles with sizes of 91 and 3 nm, respectively, are formed in systems containing cobalt at concentrations of 5 and 1 wt %. After catalyst activation via the reduction of cobalt-containing particles by hydrogen, the size of the dispersed phase is 2–3 nm regardless of the content of cobalt in the suspension. The study of magnetic properties of suspension samples in situ indicates that metallic cobalt is formed during the process of catalyst activation, as confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction analysis.

The experimental data on the hydrogenolysis of long-chain alkanes over suspended cobalt Fischer–Tropsch catalysts are presented which demonstrate the specific character of the molecular-mass distribution of its products (the combination of excess methane, local minimum at С3–С7 carbon chain lengths, and local maximum at С12–С16 carbon chain lengths). These results provide the experimental verification for the model of the mentioned distribution previously advanced by the authors which includes the hypothesis that the probability of С–С bond cleavage in an alkane molecule increases from the chain center to its ends. These distribution features are observed in the conversion of both alkanes of the suspension medium and individual n-alkanes (n-С16Н34) at different temperatures for in situ synthesized nanosized catalysts and commercial oxide samples and for n-С16Н34 after distillation of the hydrocarbon medium of the preliminarily suspended nanosized catalyst.