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Background: The biopsychosocial-spiritual model recognizes the impact of religious factors in modulating the experience of pain. Religious beliefs are factors that can influence perceptions, emotions, and behavior, all of which have important implications on health, pain experience, and treatment outcomes. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to identify if and how religious beliefs and attitudes can influence pain intensity, pain interference, pain-related beliefs and cognitions, emotions, and coping among patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: This systematic review was conducted and reported, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines (PRISMA). An electronic search was conducted in 4 online databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and PsychArticles) and complemented with a hand search (PROSPERO registry: CRD42020161289). Two reviewers independently performed eligibility screening, risk of bias assessment, and data extraction. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Results: Nine cross-sectional studies and one case-control study were included in the review. The methodological quality of the included studies ranged from low to high. The results gathered regarding the association between religiosity and pain intensity, disability, or pain interference were found to be conflicting. Limited evidence suggests that religiosity is positively associated with worse pain-related beliefs and cognitions, worse pain-related emotion, and better pain acceptance. There is insufficient data available to support the claim that religiosity is negatively associated with physical functioning and pain-related self-efficacy in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Limitations: The number of included studies was small, with a low level of evidence, and a possible risk of bias. Conclusion: This systematic review shows low evidence and conflicting results for the presence of associations between religiosity and different pain domains such as pain intensity, disability, and pain-related cognitions or emotions in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.

In this paper we assess both the benefits of academic freedom and the conditions required for its existence. We propose a long run historical sketch to put forward the institutional and financial characteristics of the Humboldtian model that stressed the very idea of academic freedom. We show how this model influenced the later developments of higher education, both in Europe and the USA. We stress how the post-WW2 massive expansion of higher education led to more utilitarian considerations by the State funding the institutions. The crisis of the 70s and the rise of neoliberalism since the early 80s led to the emergence of a new vision of higher education as a tool for economic performance. In this new and anti-Humboldtian perspective, higher education institutions are monitored from above (regulated competition, selective funding, output-based rather than input-based) and transformed internally into firm-like organizations. We question the potential dangers for academic freedom., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

OBJECTIVE: A recent meta-analysis of 17 randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) showed that Short-term Psychodynamic Psychotherapy (STPP) for functional somatic disorders (FSD) reduced somatic symptoms compared to wait list, minimal treatment, and treatment-as-usual controls. A clinically important yet unanswered question is how much improvement patients experience within STPP treatment. METHODS: Following a systematic search, we identified STPP trials presenting data at baseline and post-treatment/follow-up. Meta-analyses determined the magnitude of changes in somatic symptoms and other outcomes from before to after STPP, and analyses examined effect sizes as a function of study, therapy, and patient variables. RESULTS: We identified 37 trials (22 pre-post studies and 15 RCTs) totaling 2094 patients treated an average of 13.34 sessions for a range of FSD. Across all studies, somatic symptoms improved significantly from pre-treatment to short-term follow-up with a large effect size (SMD = -1.07), which was maintained at long-term follow-up (SMD = -0.90). After excluding two outlier studies, effects at short- and medium-term follow-up remained significant but were somewhat reduced in magnitude (e.g., short-term SMD = -0.73). Secondary outcomes including anxiety, depression, disability, and interpersonal problems had medium to large effects. Effects were larger for studies of STPP that were longer than 12 sessions or used an emotion-focused type of STPP, and for chronic pain or gastrointestinal conditions than for functional neurological disorders. CONCLUSIONS: STPP results in moderate to large improvements in multiple outcome domains that are sustained in long-term follow-up. STPP is an effective treatment option for FSD and should be included in treatment guidelines. ispartof: Journal Of Psychosomatic Research vol:145 pages:1-9 ispartof: location:England status: Published online

Video display units (VDUs) using differential signaling technology significantly increase the risk of compromising video information security through leakage emissions. This article shows that differential signaling cables act as substantial video leakage sources. A concept is proposed that explains the video leakage principles of VDUs using differential signal cables such as the high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) cable, digital visual interface (DVI) cable, and the low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) cable. The emanations of the LVDS cable are closely examined by measuring simultaneously the differential video signal on the LVDS lines and its near- and far-field leakage emissions. From these measurements, several conclusions are drawn that give new insights into the video eavesdropping risk of VDUs using differential signaling methods. Furthermore, a novel video image reconstruction method is proposed that exploits the compromising emanations of a VDU by using frequency demodulation techniques. This article shows that leaked video emanations of VDUs using differential signaling cables are not only amplitude modulated (AM) but also frequency modulated (FM). This strongly implies that the possible algorithmic toolset of malicious video eavesdroppers is much larger than currently assumed. This article investigates several VDU setups at a distance of 10 m, including an ultrahigh-definition video display, three different HDMI cables and two notebooks. Additionally, the AM-based and FM-based video image reconstruction results are discussed and compared.

Impairments in maintaining a differentiated sense of "self" and "other" are thought to be a central feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). However, studies directly focusing on self-other distinction (SOD) in BPD are scarce, and these findings have not yet been integrated with novel insights into the neural mechanism involved in SOD. Here, we present a narrative review of recent behavioral and neuroimaging findings focusing on impairments in SOD in BPD. Behavioral findings of SOD at the embodied level provide preliminary evidence for impairments in multisensory integration in BPD. Furthermore, both behavioral and neuroscientific data converge to suggest that SOD impairments in BPD reflect an inability to shift between self and other representations according to task demands. Research also suggests that disruptions in infant-caregiver synchrony may play a role in the development of these impairments. Based on these findings, we present a new, integrative model linking impairments in SOD to reduced neural and behavioral synchrony in BPD. The implications of these findings for future research and clinical interventions are outlined. ispartof: Neuroscience And Biobehavioral Reviews vol:127 pages:242-254 ispartof: location:United States status: Published online

Introduction: Functionalsomatic disorders (FSD) are common and costly, thereby driving the need for the development of effective brief treatment options. Short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) is one candidate treatment method. Objective: To review and meta-analyze, where possible, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of STPP for FSD. Methods: Following a systematic search of the literature, we performed a meta-analysis of available RCT groups to determine the effects of STPP on a range of outcomes after treatment, and medium- and long-term follow-ups. Results: In meta-analyses of 17 RCTs, STPP significantly outperformed minimal treatment, treatment as usual, or waiting list controls on somatic symptom measures at all time frames, with small to large magnitude effect sizes. Descriptive reviews of 5 RCTs suggest that STPP performed at least as well as other bona fide psychological therapies. Limitations of this meta-analysis include small samples of studies and possible publication bias. Conclusions: STPP is a valid treatment option for diverse FSD conditions resulting in somatic symptom reductions that persist over time. STPP should be included in FSD treatment guidelines.

This paper reveals for the first time the possibility of extracting the color information from leaking emanations originating from a video display unit (VDU). First, the video image is reconstructed in grayscale colors by capturing the video leaking emissions without prior knowledge of the leaking VDU. Then, a method is presented which recovers the video colors with an acceptable error margin. Several VDUs are tested for their leakage response which are placed at a distance of 5 to 10 meters from two receiving antennas. Further, a concept is proposed which gives new insights and understandings in why the color can be recovered. A focus is laid on the leakage phenomenon of the LVDS (low-voltage differential signaling) cable and the TMDS (transition-minimized differential signaling) technology employed by most video signaling cables such as the HDMI (high-definition multimedia interface) and DVI (digital visual interface) cable.

In this paper a method is presented which successfully reconstructs the video image of a video display unit (VDU) by exploiting its leakage emissions at a distance of 80 meters. The video image reconstruction is realized without any prior knowledge of the leaking VDU and by using commercial off-the-shelf material. The tested VDUs comprise of an UHD (ultra-high-definition) video display and a full HD (high-definition) video display, both employing an HDMI (high-definition multimedia interface) cable as a video data signaling interface linked to a notebook. The tested setups are located in an urban environment with sporadic radio emissions and occupied frequency bands. Subsequently, the methods and results are thoroughly discussed which give new insights into this video eavesdropping risk for improving video data security.

ObjectiveThe myofascial trigger point hypothesis postulates that there are small foci of contracted sarcomeres in resting skeletal muscle. Only one example, in canine muscle, has been published previously. This study evaluated human muscle biopsies for foci of contracted sarcomeres.SettingThe Departments of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy at Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.SubjectsBiopsies from 28 women with or without trapezius myalgia were evaluated, 14 in each group.MethodsMuscle biopsies were obtained from regions of taut bands in the trapezius muscle and processed for light and electron microscopy and for histochemical analysis. Examination of the biopsies was blinded as to group.ResultsA small number of foci of segmentally contracted sarcomeres were identified. One fusiform segmental locus involved the entire muscle fiber in tissue from a myalgic subject. Several transition zones from normal to contracted sarcomeres were found in both myalgic and nonmyalgic subjects. The distance between Z-lines in contracted sarcomeres was about 25–45% of the same distance in normal sarcomeres. Z-lines were disrupted and smeared in the contracted sarcomeres.ConclusionsA small number of foci of segmentally contracted sarcomeres were found in relaxed trapezius muscle in human subjects, a confirmation of the only other example of spontaneous segmental contraction of sarcomeres (in a canine muscle specimen), consistent with the hypothesis of trigger point formation and with the presence of trigger point end plate noise.

TPS607 Background: There are currently limited treatment options for patients with HR+ EBC who have discontinued adjuvant treatment with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) due to treatment-related toxicity. Amcenestrant is an optimized oral selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) with potent dual activity which antagonizes and degrades the ER resulting in inhibition of the ER signalling pathway. Preliminary clinical evidence from the phase 1/2 AMEERA-1 trial has demonstrated meaningful antitumour activity and a favourable safety profile of amcenestrant in the treatment of HR+ advanced breast cancer (Linden HM, Campone M, Bardia A, et al: Abstract PD8-08: A phase 1/2 study of SAR439859, an oral selective estrogen receptor (ER) degrader (SERD), as monotherapy and in combination with other anti-cancer therapies in postmenopausal women with ER-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (mBC): AMEERA-1. SABCS 2020 PD8-08). Methods: AMEERA-6 is a prospective, randomized, international, double-blind, double-dummy, phase 3 study. 3738 patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive either amcenestrant 200 mg daily or tamoxifen 20 mg daily. Eligible patients are pre-or postmenopausal women or men with HR+ EBC (stage IIB-III) who have received at least 6 months of adjuvant AIs (at least 3 months in the adjuvant setting if they have received prior neoadjuvant AI therapy) and discontinued them within 30 months of initiation due to treatment-related toxicity. Participants will be centrally assessed to have ER+ and/or PgR+ (≥10% positive stained cells) status by immunohistochemistry assay. Prior use of adjuvant CDK4/6 inhibitors are allowed. Patients are eligible irrespective of HER2 status; for patients with HER2-positive disease adjuvant anti-HER2 treatment and chemotherapy must be completed prior to randomization. Stratification factors include: duration of AI therapy, HER2 status, prior chemotherapy, prior CDK4/6 inhibitors, geographic region, and menopausal status. Planned treatment duration is 5 years. Patients will be followed-up for 10 years from randomization. The primary endpoint is invasive breast cancer-free survival (IBCFS). Invasive disease-free survival is a key secondary endpoint, while other secondary endpoints include distant relapse-free survival (RFS), locoregional RFS, overall survival, breast-cancer specific survival, safety, patient reported outcomes and pharmacokinetics. Adherence to treatment is an exploratory endpoint. AMEERA-6 opened for recruitment in January 2022. Clinical trial information: NCT05128773.

The purpose of the New York Convention is to facilitate the enforcement of arbitral awards. It introduces different regimes, i.e. the regime provided by the New York Convention itself, and the two regimes referred to by Article VII.1 of the New York Convention. Little attention has so far been given to those different regimes and, especially, to the possibility of an interaction between those regimes and whether or not such should be authorized. The aim of this contribution is to highlight that the New York Convention is structured and worded precisely to avoid interferences between those different regimes which each operate independently, even if complemented by provisions of domestic law. It is the enforcing party’s privilege to choose between the different regimes. However, in order to respect the rights of defence of the party against whom the award is enforced, this choice should be express, in toto, final and binding for the judge. Failure to expressly opt for a regime leads to the application of the New York Convention regime. Such an approach offers not only the advantage of clarity and simplicity as far as the applicable rules are concerned, but also enhances the equality between foreign and domestic awards, and puts an end to the nineteenth century era of bilateral treaties.

Myofascial pain can be accompanied by a disturbed surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity. Nevertheless, the effect of myofascial treatment techniques, such as dry needling (DN), on the sEMG activity is poorly investigated. Several DN studies also emphasize the importance of eliciting local twitch responses (LTRs) during treatment. However, studies investigating the added value of LTRs are scarce. Therefore, the aims of this study were first to evaluate the effect of DN on the sEMG activity of myalgic muscle tissue, compared with no intervention (rest), and secondly to identify whether this effect is dependent of eliciting LTRs during DN.Twenty-four female office workers with work-related trapezius myalgia were included. After completion of a typing task, changes in sEMG activity were evaluated after a DN treatment of the upper trapezius, compared with rest.The sEMG activity increased after rest and after DN, but this increase was significantly smaller 10 minutes after DN, compared with rest. These differences were independent whether LTRs were elicited or not.Dry needling leads to a significantly lower increase in sEMG activity of the upper trapezius, compared with no intervention, after a typing task. This difference was independent of eliciting LTRs.

This paper describes recent progress in our understanding of patients with persistent somatic complaints, based on a broad and integrative attachment approach. Attachment theory indeed provides a powerful lens through which to understand patients with persistent somatic complaints and the often extremely negative states in which they find themselves. It was Bowlby's genius to describe how the attachment system is activated in times of threat and distress and normatively serves to seek the proximity of others in an attempt to co-regulate stress. Yet, this primary attachment strategy typically increasingly fails when faced with the continuous distress associated with chronic somatic complaints. What often ensues is a negative vicious cycle characterised by an excessive reliance on secondary attachment strategies (either hyperactivation or deactivating the attachment system), problems with (embodied) mentalizing, and severe problems with epistemic trust, that is, trust in others as a reliable source of knowledge, including knowledge of the patient's physical and mental state. These issues are discussed in relation to Bowlby's original formulations and contemporary thinking about persistent somatic complaints and functional somatic disorders. We also summarise implications for clinical practice.

ObjectiveTo determine respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV) and end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) values in full-term infants immediately after caesarean section, and to assess whether infants that develop transient tachypnoea of the newborn (TTN) follow the same physiological patterns.Design and patientsA Respironics NM3 Monitor (Philips, Netherlands) continuously measured RR, TV and EtCO2 for 7 min in infants >37 weeks’ gestation following elective caesarean section (ECS). Monitoring was repeated at 2 hours of age for 2 min. Gestation, birth weight, Apgar scores and admissions to neonatal unit were documented.SettingThe operative delivery theatre of Cork University Maternity Hospital, Ireland.ResultsThere were 95 term infants born by ECS included. Median (IQR) gestation was 39 weeks (38.2–39.1) and median (IQR) birth weight 3420 g (3155–3740). Median age at initiation of monitoring was 26.5 s (range: 20–39). Data were analysed for the first 7 min of life. Mean breaths per minute (bpm) increased over the first 7 min of life (44.31–61.62). TV and EtCO2 values were correlated and increased from 1 min until maximum mean values were recorded at 3 min after delivery (5.18 mL/kg–6.44 mL/kg, and 4.32 kPa–5.64 kPa, respectively). Infants admitted to the neonatal unit with TTN had significantly lower RRs from 2 min of age compared with infants not admitted for TTN.ConclusionsTV and EtCO2 values are correlated and increase significantly over the first few minutes following ECS. RR increases gradually from birth, and rates were lower in infants that develop TTN.