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155. Integrated Education Reduces Negative Attitudes Toward Persons with Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Study.

Author

Damewood, Andi, Davis, Sharon Keck, and Beebe, Lora Humphrey

Subjects
*PSYCHOLOGY of college students, *PILOT projects, *SUBSTANCE abuse, *CLINICAL trials, *ANALYSIS of variance, *PSYCHOLOGY of drug abusers, *RESEARCH methodology, *PRE-tests & post-tests, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *INTERDISCIPLINARY education, *NURSING students, *STUDENT attitudes, *STATISTICAL sampling, *DATA analysis software
Abstract

Educational practices to reduce negative attitudes toward persons with substance use disorders (SUD) are urgently needed for undergraduate nursing students, but few studies have examined their long term effectiveness. In this pilot, consenting students completed the Drug and Drug Problems Perception Questionnaire (DDPPQ) anonymously online, before and 1 year after integrated curricular content about SUD. Pretest scores were significantly higher than posttest, indicating higher negative attitudes toward persons with SUD before the integrated content. Time main effect was statistically significant. To our knowledge, this is the first report examining long-term effects of an educational intervention with reinforcement in multiple courses over time upon the attitudes of undergraduate nursing students toward persons with SUD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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162. Contributors

Author

Ahmad, Kashif, primary, Beck, Randy, additional, Beutum, Sue, additional, Bonello, Rodney, additional, Brooks, Jane, additional, Brown, Ben, additional, Bull, Peter, additional, Burke, Sharyn, additional, Carter, Catherine, additional, Coster, Ryan, additional, Davis, Sharon, additional, Dewhurst, Philip, additional, Draper, Barry, additional, Eaton, Sharyn, additional, Engel, Roger, additional, Flannery, Dan, additional, Good, Christopher, additional, Hamid, Samar, additional, Harris, Amanda Jones, additional, Hinck, Glori, additional, Jamison, Jennifer R, additional, Jolliffe, Chris, additional, Kalamir, Allan, additional, Kilvaer, Anfinn, additional, Korczynski, Michael, additional, Lystad, Reidar, additional, Phillipson, Scott, additional, Pribicevic, Mario, additional, Rigney, Curtis, additional, Shapira, Naomi, additional, Solyali, Veli, additional, Swain, Mike, additional, Tuchin, Peter, additional, Vemulpad, Subra, additional, Wiles, Michael R, additional, and Wessely, Michelle, additional

Published
2012
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163. Perceived stress following race-based discrimination at work is associated with hypertension in African-Americans. The metro Atlanta heart disease study, 1999-2001

Author

Din-Dzietham, Rebecca, Nembhard, Wendy N., Collins, Rakale, and Davis, Sharon K.

Subjects
Employment discrimination -- Health aspects, Employment discrimination -- Psychological aspects, Employment discrimination -- Research, Race discrimination -- Health aspects, Race discrimination -- Psychological aspects, Race discrimination -- Research, Health, Social sciences
Abstract

There is increasing evidence of an association between stress related to job strain and hypertension. However little data exist on stress from racism and race-based discrimination at work (RBDW). The objective of this study was to investigate whether blood pressure (BP) outcomes are positively associated with stressful racism towards African--Americans from non-African-Americans as well as RBDW from other African-Americans. The metro Atlanta heart disease study was a population-based study which included 356 African-American men and women, aged [greater than or equal to] 21 years, residing in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia during 1999-2001. Perceived stress was self-reported by 197 participants for racism from non-African-Americans and 95 for RBDW from other Africa-Americans. Sitting systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP were taken at a clinic visit and was the average of the last two of three BP measures. Hypertension was self-reported as physician-diagnosed high BP on 2 or more visits. Logistic and least-squares linear regression models were fit accordingly and separately for each type of stress, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and coping abilities. The likelihood of hypertension significantly increased with higher levels of perceived stress following racism from non-African-Americans, but not from RBDW from other African Americans; adjusted odd ratios (95% CI) were 1.4 (1.0, 1.9) and 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) per unit increment of stress. The adjusted magnitude of SBP and DBP increase between low and very high level of stress, conversely, was greater when RBDW originated from African-Americans than racism from non-African-Americans. Stressful racism and RBDW encounters are associated with increased SBP and DBP and increased likelihood of hypertension in African-Americans. Future studies with a larger sample size are warranted to further explore these findings for mechanistic understanding and occupational policy consideration regarding stress risk reduction. Keywords: Intra-group discrimination; Inter/between-group racism/discrimination; Perceived stress; Hypertension: Blood pressure; Worksite; USA

Published
2004

165. Reaching for the Stars.

Author

Roper-Davis, Sharon

Abstract

Describes "Reaching for the Stars," a program which develops teaming and mentoring skills in senior physics students. Phase 1 requires student pairs to design a rocket; Phase 2 pairs seniors with gifted second graders who build the rocket from written instructions; and in Phase 3, pairs of seniors create a children's storybook explaining one of Newton's laws. (DB)

Published
1999

166. Disparities in trends of hospitalization for potentially preventable chronic conditions among African Americans during the 1990s: implications and benchmarks

Author

Davis, Sharon K., Liu, Yong, and Gibbons, Gary H.

Subjects
African Americans -- Health aspects, Hospital care -- Evaluation, Chronic diseases -- Evaluation, Chronic diseases -- Care and treatment, Government, Health care industry
Abstract

Objectives. We compared trends in prevalence rates of preventable cardiovascular- and diabetes-related hospitalizations between African Americans and members of other major US racial/ethnic groups. Methods. Standardized rates for 1991 to 1998 were derived from hospital and US census data for California. Results. African Americans had significantly higher hospitalization rates in 1991, and discrepancies in rates continued to widen through 1998. Overall male and female rates were approximately 3 times higher for angina, 7 times higher for hypertension, between 7 and 8 times higher for congestive heart failure, and 10 times higher for diabetes. Conclusions. Widening disparities in cardiovascular- and diabetes-related health conditions were observed in this study, possibly owing to racial inequalities in provision of effective primary care.

Published
2003

168. An in situ and ultrasound study of Yonaguni ponies revealed the rare finding of the nuchal ligament lamellae from C2–C7

Author

MAY-DAVIS, Sharon, MINOWA, Fumiko, and BROWN, Wendy Y.

Subjects
Yonaguni pony, ultrasound, nuchal ligament lamellae, cervical vertebrae, Note
Abstract

The Yonaguni pony is a rare breed of pony that has remained isolated on the westernmost island of Japan and may well retain normal morphological traits currently lost in most domestic horses (Equus caballus), such as the attachment of the nuchal ligament lamellae (NLL) from C2–C7. Recent research has found that NLL attachments are no longer present at C6 and C7 in most modern domesticated horses. This study investigated the attachments of the NLL in three Yonaguni ponies; 2 were examined in situ(deceased), and 1 was examined in vivo via ultrasound. The aim was to verify the attachments and compare the morphology to that in equids from previous studies. The in situ (2/2) and in vivo (1/1) findings revealed that the NLL was attached from C2–C7 in the Yonaguni ponies.

Published
2020

171. Contributors

Author

Akucewich, Lisa, primary, Andrew, Stacy E., additional, Andrews, Dina A., additional, Bartges, Joseph W., additional, Beal, Matthew W., additional, Beale, Brian S., additional, Bebchuk, Trevor N., additional, Bellah, Jamie R., additional, Bergman, Philip J., additional, Bonagura, John D., additional, Boncyznski, Jennifer S., additional, Boone, Laura I., additional, Boothe, Harry W., additional, Boyd, Lauren, additional, Bright, Ronald M., additional, Calpin, Janet, additional, Chew, Dennis J., additional, Coates, Joan R., additional, Cohn, Leah A., additional, Cole, Lynette K., additional, Colitz, Carmen M.H., additional, Crowell-Davis, Sharon L., additional, Davidson, Harriet J., additional, Dillon, Ray, additional, Dunayer, Eric K., additional, Durocher, Lawren L., additional, Fowler, J. David, additional, Garosi, Laurent, additional, Gelzer, Anna R.M., additional, Ghubash, Rudayna M., additional, Greco, Deborah S., additional, Greene, Craig E., additional, Greer, Rebecca J., additional, Gruenenfelder, Fredrik, additional, Guptill, Lynn, additional, Gwaltney-Brant, Sharon M., additional, Häggström, Jens, additional, Harkin, Kenneth, additional, Henson, Kristin L., additional, Herring, Ian P., additional, Hess, Milan B., additional, Hess, Rebecka S., additional, Heuter, Kerry J., additional, Hill, Kate E., additional, Hitt, Mark E., additional, Howe, Lisa M., additional, Hume, Daniel Z., additional, Irizarry-Rovira, Armando R., additional, Johnson, Lynelle R., additional, Kelmer, Efrat, additional, Kennis, Robert A., additional, Kent, Marc, additional, Kerl, Marie E., additional, Kirk, Claudia A., additional, Kowaleski, Michael P., additional, Kraus, Marc S., additional, Langdon, Paige, additional, Langley-Hobbs, Sorrel, additional, Langston, Cathy E., additional, Lappin, Michael, additional, Larocca, Robert D., additional, Lauten, Susan D., additional, Lemarie, Stephen L., additional, Lieske, Camilla, additional, Logan, Ellen I., additional, Logas, Dawn E., additional, Looney, Andrea L., additional, Lothrop, Clinton D., additional, Ludwig, Lori L., additional, Lurye, Jill, additional, MacDonald, Kristin, additional, Madden, Stacey Nicoll, additional, Mann, F.A., additional, Marlar, Annajane B., additional, Marrion, Ruth, additional, Marsella, Rosanna, additional, Means, Charlotte, additional, Mensching, Donna, additional, Merola, Valentina, additional, Miller, Ellen, additional, Miller, Rita H., additional, Moore, Lisa E., additional, Morgan, Rhea V., additional, Mughannam, Albert J., additional, Munger, Robert J., additional, Muse, Russell, additional, Nelson, O. Lynne, additional, Nielsen, Astrid, additional, Paradis, Manon, additional, Parnell, Nolie K., additional, Platt, Simon R., additional, Podell, Michael, additional, Pope, Eric R., additional, Prittie, Jennifer E., additional, Prymak, Caroline, additional, Raskin, Rose E., additional, Reine, Nyssa J., additional, Reniker, Alisa N., additional, Ring, Rachel D., additional, Kustritz, Margaret V. Root, additional, Rothstein, Emily, additional, Rozear, Lance, additional, Ruaux, Craig G., additional, Schatzberg, Scott J., additional, Schmidt, Bradley R., additional, Schultze, A. Eric, additional, Scott, Michael A., additional, Smarick, Sean, additional, Smith, Stephanie A., additional, Soiderer, Emily, additional, Solano-Gallego, Laia, additional, Sousa, Candace A., additional, Spangler, William L., additional, Spier, Alan, additional, Stuhr, Charles M., additional, Swinney, Graham, additional, Taboada, Joseph, additional, Taylor, Robert A., additional, Taylor, Susan M., additional, Thomas, Jennifer S., additional, Tobias, Anthony H., additional, Trout, Nicholas J., additional, Volmer, Petra A., additional, Ward, Cynthia R., additional, Wardrop, K. Jane, additional, White, Robert N., additional, Williamson, Nicola, additional, Willis, A. Michelle, additional, Wood, Emilia F., additional, and Zoran, Debra L., additional

Published
2008
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185. Comparative Distal Limb Anatomy Reveals a Primitive Trait in 2 Breeds of Equus caballus

Author

May-Davis, Sharon, Vermeulen, Zefanja, and Brown, Wendy Y.

Subjects
anatomy_morphology
Abstract

The 55-million-year history of equine phylogeny has been well documented from the skeletal record, however not the soft tissue structures that are now vestigial in modern horse. A recent study reported 2 ligamentous structures resembling functional 3rd and 4th interosseous muscles were evident in Dutch Konik horses. The current study investigates this finding and compares it to members of the genus Equus to identify either a breed anomaly or functional primitive trait. Distal limbs (n=571) were dissected from 4 species of Equus; E. caballus, E. asinus, E. przewalskii and E. burchelli beohmi. Breed representatives of E.caballus (n=18) included the primitive Dutch Konik. The 2nd and or 4th interosseous muscle was evident in all 4 species, but only 2 breeds of E.caballus expressed this trait - the Dutch Konik and Bosnian Mountain Horse. These 2 breeds were the only close descendants of the extinct Tarpan (Equus ferus ferus) represented in this study. In conclusion, the 2nd and 4th interosseous muscles originated from the distal nodule of respective splint bones and inserted into the corresponding branches of the 3rd interosseous muscle proximal to the sesamoids. Suggesting a functional role in medial and lateral joint stability and a primitive trait in modern equids.

Published
2019

186. Marijuana, college students and perceptions of harm

Author

Sneed, Zachery and Davis, Sharon

Subjects
mental disorders
Abstract

Perceptions about marijuana are changing across the United States. As more states alter its legal standing, medically and/or recreationally, perceptions of its risks of harm are likely to continue to decrease. College students and young adults represent a significant population with viewpoints that are seen as driving this cultural and attitudinal shift. Millions of individuals living in the United States report using marijuana making it the most commonly used illicit substance. Treatment admissions for marijuana use disorders are still proportionately high compared to the other substances. Similarly, marijuana was the most commonly reported secondary substance among treatment admissions aged 18 to 30. This study reports results on college students’ drug use histories and perceptions of utility and harm. Respondents endorsed a variety of ideas supporting and refuting the notion that marijuana was harmful. Findings, including ideas and rationales for and against marijuana use among college students, and implications for counselors, researchers and prevention professionals are presented.

Published
2019
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187. Resilience in the face of trauma: implications for service delivery

Author

Dermody, Aoife, Gardner, Caroline, Davis, Sharon, Lambert, Sharon, Dermody, John, and Fein, Marisa

Subjects
Probation, Drug treatment, Trauma-informed care, Women, Adverse childhood experiences, Homelessness, Trauma
Abstract

It was noted with some concern by service providers in Limerick that women presenting to homeless, probation and drug treatment services in Limerick city significantly exceeded the number attending similar services in other geographical areas in Ireland. Different services were engaging with the same women simultaneously, sometimes for years, without any discernible positive outcomes for the women. Research was commissioned to facilitate a better understanding of the women’s needs, with a view to enabling services to be more responsive. The findings profile a group of women with considerable resilience and capacity for survival, despite very challenging life experiences. An Adverse Childhood Experiences analysis showed that the women in this research cohort were more frequently affected by almost all forms of childhood adversity than people in the general population. The women proffered some practical advice that could help services to be designed and delivered in a trauma- and gender-informed manner. This paper presents a brief literature review of trauma and trauma-informed care, outlines the research findings and makes recommendations for future service design and delivery.

Published
2018

189. Understanding rabbit behavior and preventing and treating behavior problems: most behaviors exhibited by pet rabbits can be linked back to their ancestors' lifestyles. Understanding how to manage these natural behaviors in a home environment as well as knowing how to prevent and treat problem behaviors will help rabbits and owners coexist peacefully

Author

Crowell-Davis, Sharon L.

Subjects
Animal behavior -- Analysis -- Methods, Rabbits -- Methods -- Analysis, Animals, Training of -- Methods -- Analysis
Abstract

A pet rabbit's behaviors--and behavior problems--are consequences of the way its wild ancestors and their captive descendants lived and survived. This article outlines the natural behaviors of rabbits and shows [...]

Published
2007

196. Pethidine in emergency departments: Promoting evidence-based prescribing

Author

Kaye, Karen I., Welch, Susan A., Graudins, Linda V., Graudins, Andis, Rotem, Tai, Davis, Sharon R., and Day, Richard O.

Subjects
Meperidine -- Laws, regulations and rules, Hospitals -- Laws, regulations and rules, Hospitals -- United States, Drugs -- Prescribing, Drugs -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Health
Abstract

A drug use evaluation (DUE) technique is carried out in several hospitals to minimize pethidine prescribing in hospital emergency departments (EDs). Observations expose a persistent decrease in pethidine intake, which might point to effective encouragement of safer drug prescribing.

Published
2005

197. Professional Identity and the CORE Standards.

Author

Benshoff, John J., Robertson, Stacia, Davis, Sharon, and Koch, D. Shane

Subjects
PROFESSIONAL practice, ACCREDITATION, PROFESSIONAL licenses, EVIDENCE-based medicine, PROFESSIONAL identity, REHABILITATION
Abstract

The historical evolution of the rehabilitation profession is addressed, and current issues facing rehabilitation educators and professionals are identified. Clearly, both our practice environments and our consumers are continuously evolving and becoming more diverse. Simultaneously, a need exists to be seen as a stable, unified profession. Specific issues including the continuing development of private rehabilitation licensure and accreditation, increasing consumer diversity, and movement toward evidence-based practices are identified as critical issues for rehabilitation educators and professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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200. Contributors

Author

Adams, Swann Arp, Aleshire, Mollie E., Alhusen, Jeanne L., Allen-Bryant, Kacy, Anderson, Debra Gay, Bang, Amber M., Bischoff, Whitney Rogers, Bowles, Kathryn H., Brown, Hazel, Bushy, Angeline, Campbell, Jacquelyn C., Carroca, Catherine, Cary, Ann H., Clayton, Laura H., Cruise, Erin G., Davis, Lois A., Davis, Sharon K., Degazon, Cynthia E., Dieckmann, Janna, Farra, Sherry L., Gibson, Mary E., Goldschmidt, Mary Kay, Gross, Monty, Jellig, Gerard M., Kiser, Tammy, Knopp, Andrea, Kugel, Candace, Lavin, Roberta Proffitt, Le, Natasha, Long-Marin, Susan C., Martin, Karen S., Mathre, Mary Lynn, Hilfinger Messias, DeAnne K., Mitchell, Emma McKim, Myers, Carole R., Niederhauser, Victoria P., Perdue, Bobbie J., Rogers, Bonnie, Rubenstein, Cynthia, Sattler, Barbara, Sawin, Erika Metzler, Smith, Donna E., Smith, Sherrill J., Thatcher, Esther J., Thompson-Heisterman, Anita, Turner, Lisa M., Ulrich, Connie M., Wasserbauer, Lynn, Webb, Jacqueline F., Williams, Carolyn A., and Zerull, Lisa M.

Published
2022
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