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151. The northeast glucose drift: Stratification of post-breakfast dysglycemia among predominantly Hispanic/Latino adults at-risk or with type 2 diabetes

Author: Souptik Barua, Ashutosh Sabharwal, Namino Glantz, Casey Conneely, Arianna Larez, Wendy Bevier, and David Kerr
Subjects: Hispanic/Latino adults, Medicine (General), Non-insulin treated T2D, R5-920, endocrine system diseases, Dysglycemia, Multiple regression, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Breakfast glucose response, General Medicine, human activities, Continuous glucose monitoring, Article
Abstract: Summary: Background: There is minimal experience in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) among underserved racial/ethnic minority populations with or at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and therefore a lack of CGM-driven insight for these individuals. We analyzed breakfast-related CGM profiles of free-living, predominantly Hispanic/Latino individuals at-risk of T2D, with pre-T2D, or with non-insulin treated T2D. Methods: Starting February 2019, 119 participants in Santa Barbara, CA, USA, (93 female, 87% Hispanic/Latino [predominantly Mexican-American], age 54·4 [±12·1] years), stratified by HbA1c levels into (i) at-risk of T2D, (ii) with pre-T2D, and (iii) with non-insulin treated T2D, wore blinded CGMs for two weeks. We compared valid CGM profiles from 106 of these participants representing glucose response to breakfast using four parameters. Findings: A “northeast drift” was observed in breakfast glucose responses comparing at-risk to pre-T2D to T2D participants. T2D participants had a significantly higher pre-breakfast glucose level, glucose rise, glucose incremental area under the curve (all p
Published: 2022

152. Variation in fibroblast expression of toll-like receptor 4 and lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production between animals predicts control of bacterial growth but not severity of Escherichia coli mastitis

Author: David Kerr, Theodore H. Elsasser, and Filiz T. Korkmaz
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, 0301 basic medicine, Lipopolysaccharide, Cell Count, Biology, Microbiology, Dermal fibroblast, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immune system, Escherichia coli, Genetics, medicine, Animals, Mastitis, Bovine, Escherichia coli Infections, Toll-like receptor, Innate immune system, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Fibroblasts, medicine.disease, 040201 dairy & animal science, Immunity, Innate, Mastitis, Toll-Like Receptor 4, Dairying, Milk, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, chemistry, TLR4, Cattle, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Somatic cell count, Food Science
Abstract: Mastitis caused by environmental pathogens such as Escherichia coli is highly problematic to the dairy industry because it incurs substantial cost and tends to be difficult to manage. An effective innate immune response by the host is key to controlling infection, but it should also limit collateral damage to the mammary gland. Between-animal differences in mastitis severity have been attributed to variability in the innate response. In the current study, we used primary dermal fibroblast as a model to rank animals based on composite expression of the toll-like receptor 4 gene ( TLR4 ) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IL-8 and IL-6 protein production. Animals ranked as high and low responders (HR and LR, respectively) were then infected with the P4 strain of E. coli to determine how difference in rank would affect response to mastitis. All animals developed an acute response to the infection with varying degrees in severity; however, HR animals had an elevated somatic cell count and fever response at 12 h post-infection and greater production of milk IL-8 at 24 h post-infection. The HR animals were also significantly more capable of limiting bacterial growth. No differences in post-infection milk production or concentrations of milk BSA were measured. The current study indicates that HR animals have an early upregulation in their innate response that is beneficial for bacterial clearance; however, they are equally susceptible to tissue damage caused by an exuberant response to the infection. The dermal fibroblast may be used in conjunction with other cell types to determine how the innate response is regulated to mitigate unnecessary injury to the mammary gland while still effectively clearing the pathogen.
Published: 2018

153. Digital Diabetes Congress 2018

Author: Julia Hu, Patricia Salber, Casper de Clercq, Saleh Adi, Kong Y. Chen, David Kerr, Courtney R. Lyles, David C. Klonoff, Korey K. Hood, Charlene C. Quinn, Fraya King, Robert A. Gabbay, and Jianying Hu
Subjects: Health professionals, Computer science, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Control (management), Internet privacy, Proceedings of Meetings/Conferences, Biomedical Engineering, Individualized treatment, Health technology, Bioengineering, Digital health, Health care, Internal Medicine, Healthcare industry, The Internet, business
Abstract: Digital health is capturing the attention of the healthcare community. This paradigm whereby healthcare meets the internet uses sensors that communicate wirelessly along with software residing on smartphones to deliver data, information, treatment recommendations, and in some cases control over an effector device. As artificial intelligence becomes more widely used, this approach to creating individualized treatment plans will increase the opportunities for patients, even if they are in remote settings, to communicate with and learn from healthcare professionals. Simple design is needed to promote use of these tools, especially for the purpose of increased adherence to treatment. Widespread adoption by the healthcare industry will require better outcomes data, which will most likely be in the form of safety and effectiveness results from robust randomized controlled trials, as well as evidence of privacy and security. Such data will be needed to convince investors to direct resources into and regulators to clear new digital health tools. Diabetes Technology Society and Sansum Diabetes Research Institute launched the Digital Diabetes Congress in 2017 because of great interest in determining the potential benefits, metrics of success, and appropriate components of mobile applications for diabetes. The second annual meeting in this series took place on May 22-23, 2018 in San Francisco. This report contains summaries of the meeting’s 4 plenary lectures and 10 sessions. This meeting report presents a summary of how 55 panelists, speakers, and moderators, who are leaders in healthcare technology, see the current and future landscape of digital health tools applied to diabetes.
Published: 2018

154. Using ‘Smart’ Technology to Aid in Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Examining an Innovative Way to Monitor and Improve Quit Attempt Outcomes

Author: David Kerr, Carol Morriscey, Sean P. Barrett, Anouk van Houdt, and Aaron Shephard
Subjects: business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Applied psychology, Smart technology, Quit smoking, Session (web analytics), Cigarette smoking cessation, Nicotine, Smartwatch, 03 medical and health sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, 0302 clinical medicine, Smartphone app, medicine, Smoking cessation, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: IntroductionRecently, smartphone applications (apps) have been used as smoking cessation aids. Interactive apps appear to more effective than non-interactive apps. SmokeBeat, a smartphone app used in conjunction with a smartwatch, aims to detect smoking events, interact with the user as they occur and potentially stop smoking events before they occur in the future.AimsThe purpose of this feasibility study was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of SmokeBeat in detecting smoking events.MethodsThe feasibility of using the app as a smoking cessation aid was tested over a 2-week period by daily, dependent smokers. SmokeBeat's cigarette detection rate was measured in laboratory sessions both before and after the 2-week period. Fisher's exact test was used to compare detection rates from each session.Results/FindingsThe detection rate was 22.5% during session 1 and 41.7% during session 2. Once technological issues were controlled for (i.e., signal loss between smartphone and smartwatch), SmokeBeat's detection rate improved over the 2-week period, resulting in a 100% detection rate.ConclusionsApps which can detect smoking events in real time present an opportunity for a proactive and interactive smoking cessation aid – a potentially useful tool for individuals attempting to quit smoking.
Published: 2018

155. Digital Diabetes Data and Artificial Intelligence: A Time for Humility Not Hubris

Author: David C. Klonoff and David Kerr
Subjects: Big Data, Hubris, Genotype, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, Decision Making, Big data, Biomedical Engineering, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Bioengineering, Humility, Access to Information, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical decision making, Artificial Intelligence, Commentaries, Ethnicity, Internal Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Healthcare Disparities, Precision Medicine, Language, media_common, business.industry, Data Collection, Racial Groups, Computational Biology, Reproducibility of Results, Decision Support Systems, Clinical, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Phenotype, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Physiological monitoring, Public Health, Artificial intelligence, Psychology, business
Abstract: In the future artificial intelligence (AI) will have the potential to improve outcomes diabetes care. With the creation of new sensors for physiological monitoring sensors and the introduction of smart insulin pens, novel data relationships based on personal phenotypic and genotypic information will lead to selections of tailored, effective therapies that will transform health care. However, decision-making processes based exclusively on quantitative metrics that ignore qualitative factors could create a quantitative fallacy. Difficult to quantify inputs into AI-based therapeutic decision-making processes include empathy, compassion, experience, and unconscious bias. Failure to consider these “softer” variables could lead to important errors. In other words, that which is not quantified about human health and behavior is still part of the calculus for determining therapeutic interventions.
Published: 2018

156. Predictors of Recurrent Severe Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia During the HypoCOMPaSS Study

Author: Mark L. Evans, Horng Kai Tan, Ruth Wood, Daniel Flanagan, Jane Speight, Thomas Chadwick, Emma Walkinshaw, Timothy J. McDonald, Simon Heller, Elizabeth Holmes-Truscott, Alexandra Lubina-Solomon, Lalantha Leelarathna, Anneliese Flatt, Augustin Brooks, James Shaw, Anita Bowes, SA Little, David Kerr, Speight, Jane [0000-0002-1204-6896], Tan, Horng Kai [0000-0003-1485-2514], Holmes-Truscott, Elizabeth [0000-0001-9139-4663], McDonald, Timothy J [0000-0003-3559-6660], Heller, Simon R [0000-0002-2425-9565], Shaw, James AM [0000-0002-2893-3211], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, Insulin pump, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Hypoglycemia, Severity of Illness Index, law.invention, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin Infusion Systems, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Recurrence, Risk Factors, law, Diabetes mellitus, Severity of illness, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Awareness, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Treatment Outcome, Peripheral neuropathy, Female, Cognition Disorders, business
Abstract: OBJECTIVEThe HypoCOMPaSS study was designed to test the hypothesis that successful avoidance of biochemical hypoglycemia without compromising overall glycemic control would restore sufficient hypoglycemia awareness to prevent recurrent severe hypoglycemia in the majority of participants with established type 1 diabetes. Before starting the study, we planned to investigate associations between baseline characteristics and recurrent severe hypoglycemia over 2 years’ follow-up.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 96 adults with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia participated in a 24-week 2 × 2 factorial randomized controlled trial comparing insulin delivery and glucose monitoring modalities, with the goal of rigorous biochemical hypoglycemia avoidance. The analysis included 71 participants who had experienced severe hypoglycemia in the 12-month prestudy with confirmed absence (complete responder) or presence (incomplete responder) of severe hypoglycemia over 24 months’ follow-up.RESULTSThere were 43 (61%) complete responders and 28 (39%) incomplete responders experiencing mean ± SD 1.5 ± 1.0 severe hypoglycemia events/person-year. At 24 months, incomplete responders spent no more time with glucose ≤3 mmol/L (1.4 ± 2.1% vs. 3.0 ± 4.8% for complete responders; P = 0.26), with lower total daily insulin dose (0.45 vs. 0.58 units/24 h; P = 0.01) and greater impairment of hypoglycemia awareness (Clarke score: 3.8 ± 2.2 vs. 2.0 ± 1.9; P = 0.01). Baseline severe hypoglycemia rate (16.9 ± 16.3 vs. 6.4 ± 10.8 events/person-year; P = 0.002) and fear of hypoglycemia were higher in incomplete responders. Peripheral neuropathy was more prevalent in incomplete responders (11 [39%] vs. 2 [4.7%]; P < 0.001) with a trend toward increased autonomic neuropathy.CONCLUSIONSRecurrent severe hypoglycemia was associated with higher preintervention severe hypoglycemia rate, fear of hypoglycemia, and concomitant neuropathy.
Published: 2019

157. Annual Projections of Future Built-Settlement Expansion Using Relative Changes in Projected Small Area Population and Short Time-Series of Built-Extents

Author: Alessandra Carioli, David Kerr, Forrest R. Stevens, Maksym Bondarenko, Andrew J. Tatem, Alessandro Sorichetta, Andrea E. Gaughan, Jeremiah J. Nieves, and Jessica Steele
Subjects: Series (stratigraphy), education.field_of_study, Geography, Settlement (structural), Population, Physical geography, Growth model, education, geography
Abstract: Advances in the availability of multitemporal and global built-/human-settlements datasets as derived from Remote Sensing (RS) can now provide globally consistent definitions of “human-settlement” at unprecedented spatial fineness. Yet, these data only provide a time-series of past extents and urban growth/expansion models have not had parallel advances at high-spatial resolution. We present a flexible modelling framework for producing annual built-settlement extents in the near future past last observed extents as provided by RS-based data. Using a random forest and autoregressive temporal models with short time-series of built-settlement extents and subnational level data, we predict annual 100m resolution binary settlement extents five years beyond the last observations. We applied this framework within varying contexts and predicted annual extents from 2010 to 2015. We found that our model framework preformed consistently across all sample countries and, when compared to time-specific imagery, demonstrated the capacity to capture human-settlement missed by the input time-series and validation extents. When comparing building footprints of small settlements to forecast extents, we saw that the modelling framework had a 12 percent increase in ground-truth accuracy. This framework shows promise for predicting near-future settlement extents, and provides a foundation for forecasts further into the future.
Published: 2019

158. University of Pennsylvania 10th annual conference on statistical issues in clinical trials: Current issues regarding data and safety monitoring committees in clinical trials (morning panel session)

Author: Maureen Maguire, Janet Wittes, Corsee Sanders, David Kerr, Steven M. Snapinn, and Barry R. Davis
Subjects: Pharmacology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General Medicine, Panel session, 01 natural sciences, Clinical trial, 010104 statistics & probability, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Medical physics, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0101 mathematics, business, Safety monitoring, Morning
Published: 2018

159. Looking for evidence that place of residence influenced visitor attitudes to feeding wild dolphins

Author: Greg D. Simpson, Jennifer Kim Lian Chan, Diane Lee, Alicia Day, David Kerr, Jessica Patroni, and David Newsome
Subjects: Ecology, Visitor pattern, 05 social sciences, Aquatic animal, Place attachment, wildlife feeding, TX901-946.5, Aquatic organisms, Geography, Attachment behaviour, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, place attachment, 0502 economics and business, tourism, 050211 marketing, Residence, Dolphins, Place Attachment, Tourism, Visitor Attitudes, Wildlife Feeding, visitor attitudes, 050212 sport, leisure & tourism, dolphins, Hospitality industry. Hotels, clubs, restaurants, etc. Food service
Abstract: Purpose – To ascertain if place attachment or experiential norms influence visitor attitudes to the feeding of wild dolphins. Design/Methodology/Approach – A cross section of beach based visitors at a popular Australian marine tourism destination were opportunistically sampled using pen and paper questionnaires. Findings – Visitors expressed strong support for the strictly controlled minimalist reward feeding that accompanies beach based wild dolphin interactions at the Bunbury Dolphin Discovery Centre and visitors believe there are tourism benefits to be gained from the regulated feeding of wild dolphins. Results also suggest that neither place attachment nor experiential norms influence visitor attitudes to feeding of the Koombana Bay dolphin population. Originality of the research – This location specific, snapshot, case study suggests that contrary to published theory, place attachment and experiential norms do not influence tourist attitudes to wildlife feeding, especially for charismatic iconic wildlife such as dolphins.
Published: 2018

160. Sustained Reduction in Severe Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Complicated by Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia: Two-Year Follow-up in the HypoCOMPaSS Randomized Clinical Trial

Author: Catherine Brennand, Alexandra Lubina-Solomon, Thomas Chadwick, Mark L. Evans, Jane Speight, Emma Walkinshaw, Daniel Flanagan, Deborah D. Stocken, SA Little, Sally M. Marshall, David Kerr, Lalantha Leelarathna, Ruth Wood, Simon Heller, Anita Bowes, James Shaw, and Horng Kai Tan
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, Research design, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Hypoglycemia, Severity of Illness Index, Injections, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin Infusion Systems, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Commentaries, Diabetes mellitus, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Severity of illness, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Insulin, 030212 general & internal medicine, Glycated Hemoglobin, Advanced and Specialized Nursing, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Awareness, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: OBJECTIVE Severe hypoglycemia is a feared complication of type 1 diabetes; yet, few trials have targeted prevention using optimized self-management (educational, therapeutic, and technological support). We aimed to investigate whether improved awareness and reduced severe hypoglycemia, achieved during an intensive randomized clinical trial (RCT), were sustained after return to routine care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Ninety-six adults with type 1 diabetes (29 ± 12 years’ duration) and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia at five U.K. tertiary referral diabetes centers were recruited into a 24-week 2 × 2 factorial RCT (HypoCOMPaSS). Participants were randomized to pump (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]) or multiple daily injections (MDIs) and real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) or self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), with equal education/attention to all groups. At 24 weeks, participants returned to routine care with follow-up until 24 months, including free choice of MDI/CSII; RT-CGM vs. SMBG comparison continued to 24 months. Primary outcome was mean difference (baseline to 24 months [between groups]) in hypoglycemia awareness. RESULTS Improvement in hypoglycemia awareness was sustained (Gold score at baseline 5.1 ± 1.1 vs. 24 months 3.7 ± 1.9; P < 0.0001). Severe hypoglycemia rate was reduced from 8.9 ± 12.8 episodes/person-year over the 12 months prestudy to 0.4 ± 0.8 over 24 months (P < 0.0001). HbA1c improved (baseline 8.2 ± 3.2% [66 ± 12 mmol/mol] vs. 24 months 7.7 ± 3.1% [61 ± 10 mmol/mol]; P = 0.003). Improvement in treatment satisfaction and reduced fear of hypoglycemia were sustained. There were no significant differences between interventions at 24 months. CONCLUSIONS Optimized insulin replacement and glucose monitoring underpinned by hypoglycemia-focused structured education should be provided to all with type 1 diabetes complicated by impaired awareness of hypoglycemia.
Published: 2018

161. Digital Diabetes Management Application Improves Glycemic Outcomes in People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Author: Reid Offringa, Tong Sheng, Michael S. Greenfield, David Kerr, Linda Parks, and Mark A. Clements
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, Chronic condition, medicine.medical_specialty, 020205 medical informatics, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biomedical Engineering, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Type 2 diabetes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes management, Diabetes mellitus, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Glycemic, Blood glucose monitoring, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Original Articles, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Mobile Applications, Data criteria, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Databases as Topic, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glycemic Index, Physical therapy, Mixed effects, Female, business
Abstract: Background: Diabetes is a chronic condition that requires constant self-management. As a consequence, several software platforms have been developed to facilitate the tracking of diabetes data to improve diabetes management. Our aim was to determine the real-world glycemic benefits of a mobile diabetes management platform used by individuals with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: Mobile platform-using (n = 899) and control (n = 900) participants meeting specific minimum data criteria were randomly selected from a database of diabetes users. All results were modeled using different mixed effect generalized linear models, assigning random intercepts for each user, and adjusting the distribution assumption for each outcome. Results: Users of the mobile platform increased their frequency of blood glucose monitoring (+8.8 tests per month, 95% CI [3.4, 14.1], P < .001) and had fewer hyperglycemic events and lower average glucose levels compared to the control group. In addition, a mobile user could expect a 3.5% drop in average BG (−6.4 mg/dL, 95% CI [−2.0, −10.7], P < .001) and a 10.7% decrease in hyperglycemia ( P < .001) after 2 months. Conclusion: Users of the mobile platform tested their BG more often and demonstrated greater improvement in blood glucose compared to users who did not use the mobile platform. This supports previous studies indicating that digital technologies can enhance diabetes care in a real-world setting.
Published: 2017

162. Diabetes Digital Health and Telehealth

Author: David C. Klonoff, David Kerr, Elissa R. Weitzman, David C. Klonoff, David Kerr, and Elissa R. Weitzman
Subjects: Health--Technological innovations, Medical technology, Diabetes--Treatment--Technological innovations, Telecommunication in medicine
Abstract: Diabetes Digital Health and Telehealth explains, from technologic, economic and sociologic standpoints how digital health and telehealth have come to dominate the management of diabetes. The book also includes information on improved telemedicine tools and platforms for communicating with patients, reviewing medical records, and interpreting data from wearable devices. In addition, evolving wearable sensors such as continuous glucose monitors, closed loop automated insulin delivery systems, cuffless blood pressure monitors, exercise monitors and smart insulin pens are covered. - Covers advances in the fields of digital health and telehealth, including research methods, relevant types of evidence, and viable endpoints for assessing the clinical and economic benefits of digital health and telehealth for diabetes - Discusses improved telemedicine tools and platforms for communicating with patients, reviewing medical records and interpreting data from wearable devices - Analyzes information gaps, research methods, relevant types of evidence, and viable endpoints for assessing the clinical and economic benefits of digital health and telehealth for diabetes
Published: 2022

163. Laser chemical vapour deposition of Si and Si-C alloys

Author: Milne, David Kerr
Subjects: 535, Laser processing of materials
Published: 1989

164. Overcoming Barriers to Adoption of Digital Health Tools for Diabetes

Author: David C. Klonoff and David Kerr
Subjects: Knowledge management, Attitude of Health Personnel, business.industry, Computer science, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biomedical Engineering, Disease Management, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Bioengineering, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, medicine.disease, Digital health, 03 medical and health sciences, Editorial, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Monitoring, Physiologic
Published: 2017

165. Digital Diabetes Congress 2017

Author: Suneil K. Koliwad, Jenise C. Wong, Adrian Aguilera, Julia Hu, Saleh Adi, David C. Klonoff, William Long, Yarmela Pavlovic, David Kerr, Giles Hamilton, Patricia Salber, and Kong Y. Chen
Subjects: Decision support system, Computer science, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biomedical Engineering, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Bioengineering, computer.software_genre, Session (web analytics), law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Health care, Internal Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Product (category theory), Wearable technology, Medical education, Event (computing), business.industry, Digital health, Proceedings of Meetings / Conferences, Data mining, business, computer
Abstract: © 2016 Diabetes Technology Society. The purpose of developing mobile applications for diabetes is generally to: (1) provide enhanced access to timely information for patients, health care professionals, and researchers; (2) facilitate remote monitoring and diagnosis of patients, often based on information delivered by wearable devices; (3) provide decision support to assist patients in selecting treatment; or (4) deliver timely recommendations for treatment to increase adherence to prescribed therapy. There is a perception that mobile applications can provide meaningful clinical benefits, however, there is only sparse convincing evidence to support this belief at the present time. Compounding this problem is the short life span of digital software, such that if a traditional type of randomized controlled trial is conducted on a product, by the time the study has been designed, approved by an IRB, conducted, and analyzed, the product might have significantly changed to a next generation system. Because of great interest in establishing what are the potential benefits, metrics of success, and appropriate components of mobile applications for diabetes, Diabetes Technology Society and William Sansum Diabetes Center launched the Digital Diabetes Congress, March 7-8, 2017, in San Francisco. This report contains summaries of the meeting's 12 sessions. Each summary was written by the session's moderator who helped develop the session prior to the event and keep it on track during the event. This meeting report presents a summary of how 57 panelists, speakers, and moderators, who are leaders in digital health, see the current and future landscape of digital health tools applied to diabetes.
Published: 2017

166. Now Is the Time for a Security and Safety Standard for Consumer Smartphones Controlling Diabetes Devices

Author: David Kerr, Dave Kleidermacher, and David C. Klonoff
Subjects: Quality Control, Technology Assessment, Biomedical, 020205 medical informatics, Computer science, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internet privacy, Biomedical Engineering, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Computer security, computer.software_genre, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes Mellitus, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Internal Medicine, Humans, Computer Security, business.industry, Editorials, Mobile Applications, Telemedicine, Consumer Product Safety, Research Design, Mobile phone, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Patient Safety, Smartphone, business, computer
Published: 2017

167. Thermal creep behavior in heat-treated and modified textured Zr-Excel pressure tube material

Author: Mark R. Daymond, David Kerr, Levente Balogh, Kazi F. Ahmmed, and Yasir Idrees
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Isotropy, Metallurgy, 02 engineering and technology, Atmospheric temperature range, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Stress (mechanics), Creep, Mechanics of Materials, Martensite, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Texture (crystalline), Composite material, Dislocation, 0210 nano-technology, Anisotropy
Abstract: Thermal creep properties of Zr-Excel alloy (Zr-3.5 wt% Sn-0.8 wt% Nb-0.8 wt% Mo) have been investigated in this study. The limits of existing experimental data on the current material and the search for more isotropic properties in Pressure Tube (PT) material motivates the current study. Heat-treatment on Excel PT materials leads to significant microstructural changes, where a strong texture of the As-Received (ASR) PT materials has been altered to a different degree of randomness at various solution temperatures. Microstructural alteration through heat-treatments should have an influence on the thermal creep behavior of the current material. It is observed that at a relatively high creep test temperature (>300 °C), steady-state creep rate of both ASR and heat-treated materials depends on the applied stress in a power law fashion and approaches stress exponent value of ~3. However, at a relatively low test temperature, n showed a high value in all treatments. The activation energy ( Q ) for the creep mechanism has been found to be microstructure-dependent. The ASR material has a Q value of ~73 to ~114 kJ/mol at the applied test temperature range (150–350 °C). However, martensitic structure formation and other microscopic changes (dislocation structures and elemental segregation) caused significant increase in Q values up to ~325 kJ/mol in the heat-treated materials. A significant decrease has been observed in creep anisotropy in the WQ-895 treatment for which texture has been moderately randomized.
Published: 2017

168. Genome-wide methylation analysis reveals differentially methylated loci that are associated with an age-dependent increase in bovine fibroblast response to LPS

Author: David Kerr and Filiz T. Korkmaz
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, 0301 basic medicine, Aging, LPS, lcsh:QH426-470, lcsh:Biotechnology, Biology, Epigenesis, Genetic, 03 medical and health sciences, Exon, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Gene expression, Genetics, Animals, Epigenetics, Gene, Inflammation, RRBS, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, Promoter, Genomics, Methylation, Fibroblasts, DNA Methylation, Molecular biology, Innate Immunity, lcsh:Genetics, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic Loci, Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, DNA methylation, Cattle, Transcriptome, Research Article, Biotechnology
Abstract: Background Differences in DNA methylation are known to contribute to the development of immune-related disorders in humans but relatively little is known about how methylation regulates immune function in cattle. Utilizing whole-transcriptome analyses of bovine dermal fibroblasts, we have previously identified an age and breed-dependent up-regulation of genes within the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway that correlates with enhanced fibroblast production of IL-8 in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Age-dependent differences in IL-8 production are abolished by treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine and Trichostatin A (AZA-TSA), suggesting epigenetic regulation of the innate response to LPS. In the current study, we performed reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) on fibroblast cultures isolated from the same animals at 5- and 16-months of age to identify genes that exhibit variable methylation with age. To validate the role of methylation in gene expression, six innate response genes that were hyper-methylated in young animals were assessed by RT-qPCR in fibroblasts from animals at different ages and from different breeds. Results We identified 14,094 differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) that differed between fibroblast cultures at 5- versus 16-months of age. Of the 5065 DMCs that fell within gene regions, 1117 were located within promoters, 1057 were within gene exons and 2891 were within gene introns and 67% were more methylated in young cultures. Transcription factor enrichment of the promoter regions hyper-methylated in young cultures revealed significant regulation by the key pro-inflammatory regulator, NF-κB. Additionally, five out of six chosen genes (PIK3R1, FES, NFATC1, TNFSF13 and RORA) that were more methylated in young cultures showed a significant reduction in expression post-LPS treatment in comparison with older cultures. Two of these genes, FES and NFATC1, were similarly down-regulated in Angus cultures that also exhibit a low LPS response phenotype. Conclusions Our study has identified immune-related loci regulated by DNA methylation in cattle that may contribute to differential cellular response to LPS, two of which exhibit an identical expression profile in both low-responding age and breed phenotypes. Methylation biomarkers of differential immunity may prove useful in developing selection strategies for replacement cows that are less susceptible to severe infections, such as coliform mastitis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3796-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2017

169. Microstructure characterization of a hydride blister in Zircaloy-4 by EBSD and TEM

Author: Qiang Wang, Mark R. Daymond, Fei Long, David Kerr, and G. Domizzi
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Hydride, Zirconium alloy, Alloy, Metals and Alloys, Nucleation, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Crystallography, 0103 physical sciences, Ceramics and Composites, engineering, Dislocation, 0210 nano-technology, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Electron backscatter diffraction
Abstract: This paper presents a detailed microstructural characterization by EBSD and TEM techniques of a hydride blister grown on a Zircaloy-4 plate. The hydrides formed are found to be of δ-type, and exhibit an increasing volume fraction from alloy matrix, across matrix-blister boundary, and into the blister. The microstructure of the blister mainly consists of δ-hydride platelets, however there is still un-transformed α-Zr phase inside the blister. The orientation relationship between the hydride and alloy matrix has been analyzed. In addition to the commonly observed ( 0001 ) α − Z r / / { 111 } δ orientation relationship, we found hydrides with a secondary ( 0001 ) α − Z r / / ( 100 ) δ orientation relationship. A correlation was drawn between the formation of hydrides with the two orientation relationships and the parent grain orientation. TEM observation revealed the distribution of the remnant α-Zr phase inside the blister, which had either a nodular shape or appeared as thin nano-sized layers among the hydride platelets. The microstructure of the hydrides has been characterized by HRTEM, exhibiting a uniform atomic structure with high dislocation density. Lastly, δ-hydride embryos obeying the primary orientation relationship were found within untransformed α-grains, indicating a consistent nucleation mechanism during blister growth.
Published: 2017

170. Orientation relationships between α-zirconium and δ-hydride within a hydride blister

Author: Mark R. Daymond, Gladys Domizzi, David Kerr, and Fei Long
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Zirconium, Materials science, Hydride, Zirconium alloy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Orientation (graph theory), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Crystallography, chemistry, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Texture (crystalline), 0210 nano-technology, Grain structure, Electron backscatter diffraction
Abstract: Both the expected and an additional orientation relationship between α-Zr and δ-hydride in blistered zirconium alloys are explored through the reconstruction of the parent α-Zr phase from electron backscatter diffraction maps of δ-hydride. Parent and child variant relationships for the transformation are presented with the aim of reconstruction of the parent α-Zr grain structure and texture from orientation maps of the δ-hydride at varying distances from the blister centre in a recrystallized Zircaloy-4 sample. Up to 13% of the δ-hydride is found to be variants of the additional orientation relationship, the fraction of which decreases with increasing distance from the blister centre. Texture reconstructions by other experimental methods are accordingly suggested to incorporate the additional orientation relationship.
Published: 2017

171. Techniques for Exercise Preparation and Management in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

Author: Amy Kraus, David Kerr, Eyal Dassau, Benjamen E. Schoenberg, Hallie Ortiz, Satbir K. Singh, Jordan E. Pinsker, and Danielle Gianferante
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, Insulin pump, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Hypoglycemia, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Quality of life, Diabetes management, Diabetes mellitus, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Exercise, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Disease Management, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Self Care, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Quality of Life, Physical therapy, Female, business, Biomarkers, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: People with type 1 diabetes are at risk for early- and late-onset hypoglycemia following exercise. Reducing this risk may be possible with strategic modifications in carbohydrate intake and insulin use. We examined the exercise preparations and management techniques used by individuals with type 1 diabetes before and after physical activity and sought to determine whether use of differing diabetes technologies affects these health-related behaviours.We studied 502 adults from the Type 1 Diabetes Exchange's online patient community, Glu, who had completed an online survey focused on diabetes self-management and exercise.Many respondents reported increasing carbohydrate intake before (79%) and after (66%) exercise as well as decreasing their meal boluses before (53%) and after (46%) exercise. Most reported adhering to a target glucose level before starting exercise (77%). Despite these accommodations, the majority reported low blood glucose (BG) levels after exercise (70%). The majority of users of both insulin pump therapy (CSII) and continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) (Combined) reported reducing basal insulin around exercise (55%), with fewer participants adjusting basal insulin when using other devices (SMBG only = 20%; CGM = 34%; CSII = 42%; p0.001). However, CSII and Combined users reported that exercise makes their BG levels harder to control (p0.05) and makes them feel less able to predict their BG levels while exercising (p0.001); they show agreement that fear of low BG levels keeps them from exercising (p0.01).These findings highlight the need for exercise-management strategies tailored to individuals' overall diabetes management, for despite making exercise-specific adjustments for care, many people with type 1 diabetes still report significant difficulties with BG control when it comes to exercise.
Published: 2016

172. Use of a Publicly Available Database to Determine the Impact of Diabetes on Length of Hospital Stay for Elective Orthopedic Procedures in California

Author: Remmert Laan, David Kerr, Stéphane Guerrier, Shuyan Dong, Ian Duncan, Hemerson M. Bautista, Meroe Yadollahi, and Xin Chen
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Databases, Factual, Leadership and Management, California, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedic Procedures, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective cohort study, Intensive care medicine, Aged, Patient discharge, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Health Policy, Significant difference, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Length of Stay, medicine.disease, Patient Discharge, Confidence interval, Hospitalization, Elective Surgical Procedures, Emergency medicine, Elective Surgical Procedure, business, Hospital stay
Abstract: In California, 1 in 3 hospital beds are occupied by adults with diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine whether diabetes impacts length of stay (LOS) following common elective orthopedic procedures compared to nondiabetic individuals, and also the performance of hospitals across California for these procedures. Using the Public Use California Patient Discharge Data Files for 2010-2012, the authors examined LOS for elective discharges for hip, spine, or knee surgery (n = 318,861) from the total population of all discharges (n = 11,476,073) for 309 hospitals across California. In all, 16% of discharges had a codiagnosis of diabetes. Unadjusted average LOS was 3.11 days without and 3.40 days with diabetes (mean difference 0.29 [95% confidence interval (0.27, 0.31) days, P
Published: 2016

173. Finding Real Value From Digital Diabetes Health: Is Digital Health Dead or in Need of Resuscitation?

Author: David Kerr, David C. Klonoff, and Robert A. Gabbay
Subjects: Resuscitation, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Biomedical Engineering, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Bioengineering, medicine.disease, Digital health, 03 medical and health sciences, Editorial, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Diabetes Mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Medical emergency, business, Delivery of Health Care, Value (mathematics)
Published: 2018

174. Digital Health Interventions for Diabetes: Everything to Gain and Nothing to Lose

Author: David Kerr, David C. Klonoff, and Fraya King
Subjects: Value (ethics), Enthusiasm, business.industry, Emerging technologies, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, Internet privacy, Psychological intervention, MEDLINE, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Digital health, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal Medicine, From Research to Practice, Mainstream, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, media_common
Abstract: IN BRIEF The traditional approach to integrating new therapies involves long, expensive roadmaps with evidence generation required for multiple stakeholders, most notably regulators and clinicians. More recently, new technologies such as insulin delivery systems and continuous glucose monitoring devices have become mainstream without complete clinical evidence being available when they were first introduced. There is tremendous enthusiasm from investors, industry, and people with diabetes regarding the potential of digital health to add value to diabetes care, and this enthusiasm exists despite a paucity of high-quality clinical evidence from traditional randomized clinical trials. Moreover, the potential of diabetes digital health technologies has been recognized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and other regulators, who are changing their approaches to allow easier, earlier access to diabetes software and devices. This wager that digital health will add value makes sense.
Published: 2019

175. Satisfaction with the Use of Different Technologies for Insulin Delivery and Glucose Monitoring Among Adults with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes and Problematic Hypoglycemia: 2-Year Follow-Up in the HypoCOMPaSS Randomized Clinical Trial

Author: Jane Speight, David Kerr, Anita Bowes, Emma Walkinshaw, Mark L. Evans, Lalantha Leelarathna, Horn Kai Tan, SA Little, Simon Heller, James Shaw, Elizabeth Holmes-Truscott, and Daniel Flanagan
Subjects: Insulin pump, Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Hypoglycemia, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Patient satisfaction, Insulin Infusion Systems, Quality of life, Randomized controlled trial, law, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Glycated Hemoglobin, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Medical Laboratory Technology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Physical therapy, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Background: In the HypoCOMPaSS trial, adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes and problematic hypoglycemia were randomized to compare insulin pump (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion; CSII) with multiple daily injections (MDI) and real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) with conventional self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Our aim was to investigate participants' satisfaction with these technologies at 6-month randomized, controlled trial (RCT) endpoint and at 2-year follow-up. Methods: Participants completed the Insulin Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire subscales "device delivery" and "hypoglycemia control"; and Glucose Monitoring Experience Questionnaire, assessing "convenience", "effectiveness", "intrusiveness", and "total satisfaction." We assessed change over time and between-group differences by insulin and monitoring modalities. Results: Participants (N = 96) were 64% women, aged 49 ± 12 years, with a diabetes duration of 29 ± 12 years. At 6 months, participants reported improvements compared with baseline (all P
Published: 2019

176. The Unity and Variety of Islam

Author: David Kerr
Subjects: Political science, Islam, Variety (linguistics), Epistemology
Published: 2019

177. 737-P: Physical Activity Levels among Latino Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

Author: Charis B. Hoppe, Arianna J. Larez, Mary M. Conneely, David Kerr, Wendy C. Bevier, Jessikah Morales, Namino M. Glantz, and Kong Y. Chen
Subjects: Gerontology, Waist, Energy expenditure, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, Outcome measures, Physical activity, Medicine, Type 2 diabetes, business, medicine.disease
Abstract: Physical activity (PA) is a cornerstone of type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment. In the U.S, Latinos bear a disproportionate cardio-metabolic disease burden from T2D. The aim of this study was to determine levels and patterns of PA among free-living Latino adults with T2D comparing a ubiquitous consumer device with an established accelerometry method. Participants (57 women and 31 men, BMI (kg/m2) 32.2±7.9 and 29.9±4.5, waist circumference (WC cm) 97.1±30.1 and 93.7±33.0, and HbA1C% 8.0±2.0 and 8.1±1.8, respectively) wore a research device (Actigraph, wGT3X-BT, AG) on the dominant hip and a consumer device (Fitbit Charge 2™, FB) on the non-dominant wrist to monitor daily activity for one week [outcome measures estimated by steps and energy expenditure (EE)]. AG median steps/weekday (M-F) was 6990 (range 1091-25884) compared to 9329 (288-31669) using the FB data (p≤0.01). Both devices recorded higher number of steps on weekdays compared to weekends [AG 5608 (1066-19892) and FB 7577 (1023-23603), both p≤0.05]. This corresponded to activity-related energy-expenditure of 442 (63-1821) kcals/weekday and 361 (58-1396) kcals/weekend using AG and 2344 (1135-5802) kcals/weekday and 2178 (1378-4930) kcals/weekend by FB (including resting metabolic rate). AG and FB data were highly correlated to each other for daily steps (r’s>0.7, p’s In conclusion, to incentivize PA in Latino adults with T2D, considerations need to be made of the timing of measurements (weekdays versus weekends), gender and technologies used. Disclosure W.C. Bevier: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. N.M. Glantz: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. C.B. Hoppe: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. J. Morales: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. A.J. Larez: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. M.M. Conneely: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. K.Y. Chen: None. D. Kerr: Advisory Panel; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Lilly Diabetes. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Glooko, Inc. Funding Eli Lilly and Company
Published: 2019

178. 832-P: Diabetes and Doom: Lay Perceptions of Diabetes Stratified by Biometrics in Latinos with Type 2 Diabetes

Author: David Kerr, Jessikah Morales, Mary M. Conneely, Charis B. Hoppe, Rosirene Paczkowski, Carlos Alatorre, Wendy C. Bevier, Arianna J. Larez, and Namino M. Glantz
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, education.field_of_study, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, Fatalism, Population, Ethnic group, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Mental health, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, medicine, Lay perceptions, Thematic analysis, Psychology, education, media_common
Abstract: Latinos/Hispanics comprise 18% of the U.S. population and have the highest proportion of type 2 diabetes of any racial/ethnic group. Research tends to split quantitative clinical data from qualitative explanatory models of diabetes. In contrast, Mil Familias, a 10-year 1000-family research initiative, combined these two research methods. Trained community health workers asked, “In your own words, what is diabetes?” of 107 Latino adults (54 ± 12 years old, 65% female, 36% on insulin) with self-reported type 2 diabetes in Santa Barbara and measured their biometrics, including HbA1c, insulin use, mental health, and weight. Thematic analysis of participants’ definition of diabetes by 2 independent raters yielded 5 categories based on participant-reported terms: controllable (controlable), sugar (azúcar), body malfunction (cuerpo), illness (enfermedad), doom/death (muerte). To probe the theory that participants who related diabetes with doom (e.g., "silent assassin,” "worst that could happen”) had poorer health than those who did not cite doom, participants were stratified by doom mention and their biometrics (Table). While no pattern between doom and health emerged, the exercise enabled examination of culturally-relevant interactions between traditional biometric outcomes and qualitative perceptions of diabetes (e.g., fatalism) in U.S. Latino adults. Disclosure N.M. Glantz: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. A.J. Larez: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. J. Morales: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. C.B. Hoppe: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. W.C. Bevier: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. M.M. Conneely: Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. C. Alatorre: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. R. Paczkowski: Employee; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. D. Kerr: Advisory Panel; Self; Ascensia Diabetes Care, Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. Research Support; Self; Lilly Diabetes. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Glooko, Inc. Funding Eli Lilly and Company
Published: 2019

179. Dulaglutide and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: an exploratory analysis of the REWIND randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author: Hertzel C Gerstein, Helen M Colhoun, Gilles R Dagenais, Rafael Diaz, Mark Lakshmanan, Prem Pais, Jeffrey Probstfield, Fady T Botros, Matthew C Riddle, Lars Rydén, Denis Xavier, Charles Messan Atisso, Leanne Dyal, Stephanie Hall, Purnima Rao-Melacini, Gloria Wong, Alvaro Avezum, Jan Basile, Namsik Chung, Ignacio Conget, William C Cushman, Edward Franek, Nicolae Hancu, Markolf Hanefeld, Shaun Holt, Petr Jansky, Matyas Keltai, Fernando Lanas, Lawrence A Leiter, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Ernesto German Cardona Munoz, Valdis Pirags, Nana Pogosova, Peter J Raubenheimer, Jonathan E Shaw, Wayne H-H Sheu, Theodora Temelkova-Kurktschiev, Mercedes Abella, Andrea Alebuena, Sandra Almagro, Eduardo Amoroso, Paula Anadon, Elizabeth Andreu, Guillermo Aristimuño, Maria Arzadun, Maria Barbieri, Raul Barcudi, Ines Bartolacci, Gabriel Bolobanich, Anselmo Bordonava, Miguel Bustamante Labarta, Betina Bustos, Alberto Caccavo, Alejandra Camino, Maria Cantero, Maria Carignano, Luis Cartasegna, Marcela Cipullo, Víctor Commendatore, Victoria Conosciuto, Osvaldo Costamagna, Claudia Crespo, Jose Cuello, Carlos Cuneo, Sandra Cusimano, Sofia Dean, Claudio Dituro, Andrea Dominguez, Miguel Farah, Alberto Fernandez, Florencia Fernandez, Adriana Ferrari, Patricia Flammia, Jose Fuentealba, Karina Beatriz Gallardo, Celso Garcia, Ruben Garcia Duran, Marcelo Garrido, Rodolfo Gavicola, Claudio Gerbaudo, Graciela Gilli, Ana Paula Giotto, Pedro Godoy Bolzán, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Fernando Guerlloy, Cristian Guridi, Narcisa Gutierrez Garrido, Eduardo Hasbani, Sonia Hermida, Miguel Hominal, Adrian Hrabar, Adrián Ingaramo, Alejandra Izzicupo, Mario Krynski, Mariana Lagrutta, Paulina Lanchiotti, Maria Langhe, Veronica Leonard, Javier Llanos, Ricardo Lopez Santi, Jorge Lowenstein, Cecilia Luquez, Ignacio Mackinnon, Melina Mana, Sara Manzur, Javier Marino, Carolina Martella, Roger Martinez, Re Matias, Javier Matkovich, Monica Meritano, Oscar Montaña, María Mulazzi, Juan Ochoa, Gustavo Paterlini, María Pelagagge, Maria Elena Peralta Lopez, Aldo Prado, Lorena Pruyas, Martín Racca, Carola Ricotti, Carolina Rodriguez, Mariano Romero Vidomlansky, Ricardo Ronderos, Ana Laura Sadowski, Jorgelina Sala, Alejandro Sánchez, Andrea Santoro, Lilia Schiavi, Mariano Sein, Virginia Sernia, Leonardo Serra, Maximiliano Sicer, Tomas Smith, Leonardo Soso, Georgina Sposetti, Andrea Steinacher, Jorge Stival, Jorge Tedesco, Hugo Tonin, Mauro Tortolo, Maria Ulla, Julio Vallejos, Marisa Vico, Luciana Virgillito, Virginia Visco, Daniel Vogel, Florencia Waisman, César Zaidman, Noemi Zucchiatti, Imran Badshah, Neale Cohen, Peter Colman, David Colquhoun, Timothy Davis, Spiros Fourlanos, Greg Fulcher, Jane Hamlyn, Cilla Haywood, Samantha Hocking, Maeve Huchinson, William Jeffries, Mervyn Kyl, Clement Lo, PeakMann Mah, Ashley Makepeace, Dolly Marope, Natalie Nanayakkar, Alison Nankervis, Neil Palmer, Barbara Palolus, Satish Pillai, Sarah Price, Joseph Proietto, Anne Reutens, Natassia Rodrigo, Abdul Sheikh, Greg Smith, Michelle So, Georgia Soldatos, Bronwyn Stuckey, Priya Sumithran, Helena Teede, Parind Vora, Lyn Williams, Eduardo Abib, Christiani Adão Poço, Érica Ferreira Alves, Janaina Andreatta Bernardi Barea, Livia Avezum Oliveira, Denise Ludovico da Costa de Castro, Ivan Correa da Cruz, Midiã Costa, Ivan Cruz, Sidney Cunha, Marco Antonio Vieira Da Silva, Renata de Carvalho Camara Bona, Bruna de Paula, Freddy Eliaschewitz, Guilherme Fazolli, Carlos Alberto Ferreira Filho, Jose Fortes, Cesar França, Denise Reis Franco, Paulo Roberto Genestreti, Flavio Giorgeto, Rodrigo Marques Gonçalves, Michele Elka Grossman, Ana Claudia Henrique Marcelino, Mauro Hernandes, Ana Horta, Cristiano Jaeger, Midia Kaneblai, Cecilia Kauffman Rutenberg, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Maria Angelica Lemos, Lilia Maia, Euler Roberto Manenti, Mariana Marques, Cynthia Melissa Valerio, Rodrigo Moreira, Flávia Mothé, Osana Maria Mouco, Philip Moura, José Carlos Moura Jorge, Carlos Nakashima, Marcelo Nakazone, Thiago Napoli, Cristiane Nunes, Joao Eduardo Nunes Salles, Karla Oliveira, Marcela Oliveira, Gracielly de Souza Pantano, Fabio Petri, Leonardo Piazza, Andreia Carla Pires, Patricia Pizzato, Sergio Prata, Dalton Precoma, Rafael Rech, Gilmar Reis, Heleno Reis, Elisabete Resende, Jose Ribas Fortes, Sylka Rodovalho, Fabio Rossi dos Santos, Joao Eduardo Salles, Célia Regina Sampaio, Thiago Santos, Vanessa Santos dos Santos, Tulio Silva e Quadros, Daniel Silveira, Katia Nunes Siqueira, M Teireira, Marcelo Uehara, C Valerio, Henrique Vianna, Maria Helena Vidotti, Guilherme de Lima Visconti, Maria Teresa Zanella, Viktoriya Andreeva, Radoslav Borisov, Nikolay Botushanov, Georgi Dimitrov, Kameliya Dimova, Tsvetan Dragoychev, Valentina Grigorova, Valentina Gushterova, Ivaylo Ivanov, Tatyana Kocelova, Dimo Kurktschiev, Milena Miletieva, Neli Nenkova-Gugusheva, Ralitsa Pancheva, Maria Pavlova, Dimitar Raev, Vesela Spasova, Anastas Stoikov, Dimitar Troev, Todor Yanev, Mariana Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Alexander Abitbol, Buki Ajala, Abdullh Alguwaihes, Jean-Luc Ardilouze, Nahla Aris-Jilwan, Amel Arnaout, Ronnie Aronson, Nadeem Aslam, Sandra Babin, Jean-Patrice Bailargeon, Allan Bailey, Harpreet Bajaj, Christian Beauchesne, Sorin Beca, Andre Belanger, Alan Bell, Diego Bellabarba, Lori Berard, Brian Berenbaum, Vincent Bergeron, Joseph Berlingieri, Frédéric Bernier, Phoebe Bishara, David Blank, Ian Blumer, Suzanne Brault, Donald Breton, André Carpentier, James Cha, Prakash Chandra, Jean-Louis Chiasson, James R Conway, Ghyslaine Couture, Nathalie Couture, Gilles Dagenais, Dyotirmoy Datta, Giuseppe D'Ignazio, Richard Dumas, Didier Fay, Andre Frechette, Louise Frenette, Daisy Fung, Nathalie Gagnon, Meri Galter, Jean Garon, Jean Sebastien Gauthier, Christian Geadah, Jeremy Gilbert, Ronald Girard, Ronald Goldenberg, Loren David Grossman, Nikhil Gupta, Jean-Pierre Halle, Marie-France Hivert, Ghislaine Houde, Robyn Houlden, Irene Hramiak, Ted Jablonski, Akshay Jain Jain, Hasnain Khandwala, Munish Khosla, C Lachance, Emilie Laflamme, Marie-France Langlois, Luc Larivee, Joanne Liutkus, Heather Lochnan, Saleem Malik, Charlotte McDonald, Pravinsagar Mehta, John Mihailidis, Alain Milot, Priya Narula, Patrice Nault, Arun Nayar, William Nisker, Gilles Ouellet, Jean Palardy, Minta Patel, Terri Paul, Sue Pedersen, Patrice Perron, Marie-Hélène Pesant, Paul Poirier, Marie-Claude Poulin, Zubin Punthakee, Waheed Rehman, Stuart Ross, P Sagar, Nouhad Saliba, Sam Sandler, Alicia Schiffrin, Robert Schlosser, Anila Seth-Sharma, Mark Sherman, David Sionit, Tharsan Sivakumar, Juan Soto, Eric St-Amour, Oren Steen, Jack Sussman, Adam Telner, Sheldon Tobe, David-Yaw Twum-Barima, Audrey Van Zanten, Nicole VanRossum, Jonathan Vecchiarelli, Rick Ward, John Wessengel, Stanley Weisnagel, Igor Wilderman, Vincent Woo, Natalia Yakubovich, Jean-Francois Yale, Zeina Yared, Monica Acevedo, Maria Loreto Aguirre, Andres Aizman, Maria Soledad Barroso, Leonardo Cobos, Alfredo Danin Vargas, Barbara Descalzi, Gonzalo Godoy, Elio Grumberg, Rodolfo Lahsen, Gladys Larenas, Eugenia Ortiz, Javier Paredes, Sergio Potthoff, Eva Retamal, Luis Rojas, Manuel Salgado, Claudio Santibanez, Carmen Solis, Benjamin Stokins, Jose Accini, Javier Acebedo, Lina Maria Agudelo Baena, Soraya Alarcon, Juliana Angel, Edgar Arcos, M Aroca Martinez, Leonor Atuesta, Jose Balaguera, Doris Ballestas, Sandra Isabel Barrera, Rosmy Barrios Reyes, Adolfo Bayona, Andres Bermudez, Diego Zarate Bernal, Marco Blanquicett, Victor Bravo, Wendy Bueno, Alvaro Burbano Delgado, Alberto Cadena, Andres Cadena, Sandra Caicedo, Carlos Celemin, Ricardo Consuegra, Cristhian Contreras Pimienta, Kelly Johenis Corredor, Carlos Cure, Lizeth Dayana De La Hoz Rueda, Erika Delgado, Sarahy Diaz, Marta Diego, Anabell Donado, William Encinales Sanabria, Juliana Escobar, Gillian Escorcia, Leonardo Forero, Laura Fuentes, Maria Garcia, Henry Garcia Lozada, Luis Garcia Ortiz, Angela Giraldo, Laura Gomez Gonzalez, Javier Granada, Corina Gutierrez, Natalia Henao, Edwin Hernandez, Olga Maria Herrera Uejbe, Juan Diego Higuera Cobos, Jaime Ibarra Gómez, Edwin Hernandez Jaimes, Monica Jaramillo, Nicolas Jaramillo, Carlos Jaramillo Gomez, Monica Jaramillo Sanchez, Ivonne Jarava Durán, Catalina Lopez Ceballos, Claudia Madrid, Elias María Amastha, Jennifer Mercado, Dora Ines Molina, Jessica Molina Soto, Carlos Montoya, Alexander Morales, Carolina Muñoz, Luis Alejandro Orozco, Oscar Osorio, Jorge Mario Palmera Sanchez, Adwar Peña, Jose Perez, Juan Perez Agudelo, Germán Pérez Amador, Carlos Pertuz, Irina Posada, Carlos Puerta, Adalberto Quintero, Diana Quiroz, Carmen Rendon, Alberto Reyes, Alvaro Reyes, Diana Ripoll, Carlos Rivera, Maria Rocha, Jose F Rodriguez, Kervis Asid Rodriguez Villanueva, Javier Emilio Rodriguez Zabala, Sindy Rojas, Maria Romero, Ricardo Rosero, Angelica Rocio Rosillo Cardenas, Lina Rueda, Gregorio Sanchez, Tatiana Sanchez, Arístides Sotomayor Herazo, Monica Suarez, Mariana Torres, Freddy Trujillo, Miguel Urina, Lazaro Van Strahlen, Carlos Velandia, Carolina Velasquez Guzman, Elizabeth Velazquez, Tatiana Vidal Prada, Juan Pablo Yepez Alvaran, Diego Zarate, Jana Andelova, Radka Benesova, Barbara Buzova, Vladimir Cech, Ida Chodova, Miroslav Choura, Antonin Dufka, Andrea Gamova, Jakub Gorgol, Tomas Hala, Hana Havlova, Dagmar Hlavkova, Petra Horanska, Juliana Ilcisin-Valova, Petra Jenickova, Ondrej Jerabek, Ilona Kantorova, Katerina Kolomaznikova, Iva Kopeckova, Miroslava Kopeckova, Karel Linhart, Tomas Linhart, Jan Malecha, Emilia Malicherova, Dana Neubauerova, Martina Oznerova, Radan Partys, Eva Pederzoliova, Maria Petrusova, Vera Prymkova, Eva Racicka, Ida Reissova, Eva Roderova, Libor Stanek, Alena Striova, Dana Svarcova, Petr Svoboda, Emilia Szeghy Malicharova, Jan Urge, Ladislav Vesely, Bedich Wasserburger, Hilde Wasserburgerova, Emil Zahumensky, Vaclav Zamrazil, Hasan Alawi, Ernestos Anastasiadis, Elisabeth Axthelm, Tasso Bieler, Christina Buhrig, Elizaveta Degtyareva, Frank Dellanna, Karl-Michael Derwahl, Stephan Diessel, Barbara Dogiami, Kirsten Dorn-Weitzel, Monika Ernst, Grit Faulmann, Baerbel Fetscher, Thomas Forst, Gabriele Freyer-Lahres, Klaus Funke, Xenia Ganz, Christiane Gleixner, Christoph Hanefeld, Sven Heinrichs, Stephanie Helleberg, Elena Henkel, Gerd Ruediger Hetzel, Caren Hoffmann, Frohmut Jacob, Stephan Jacob, Franziska John, Antonius Jonczyk, Wolfram Kamke, Christiane Klein, Martina Kleinhardt, Werner Kleophas, Christine Kosch, Kristin Kreutzmann, Achim Kühn, Young Hee Lee-Barkey, Alexander Lier, Sarah Maatouk, Joachim Minnich, Michael Mitry, Ilona Muessig, Diana Nicula, Martina Niemann, Joerg Nothroff, Petra Ott, Andreas Pfuetzner, Andreas Pfützner, Frank Pistrosch, Wildgard Pohl, Zdenka Prochazkova, Marlena Retkowska, Heiko Rosin, Daniela Sachsenheimer, Holger Samer, Mazin Sanuri, Axel Schaefer, Frank Schaper, Erik-Delf Schulze, Marita Schulze, Martina Schumann, Thomas Segiet, Veronika Sowa, Hans-Detlev Stahl, Franziska Steinfeldt, Madlen Teige, Bjoern Trieb, Diethelm Tschoepe, Peter Uebel, Bernd Warken, Ingo Weigmann, Klaus Weyland, Klara Wilhelm, Timea Balo, Miklos Balsay, Ilona Bende, Katalin Bezzegh, Zita Birkus, Barbara Buday, Melinda Csomai, Laszlo Deak, Eniko Dezso, Peter Faludi, M Faluvegi, Ilona Fazekas, Agota Feher, Csaba Fejer, Ervin Finta, Agnes Fulcz, Zsolt Gaal, Mihaly Gurzo, Krisztina Hati, Gabriella Herczeg, Ildiko Jozsef, Marta Juhasz, Katalin Keltai, Laszlo Koranyi, Eniko Kulcsar, Krisztina Kun, Andrea Laczko, Botond Literáti-Nagy, Izabella Mezo, Margit Mileder, I Moricz, Károly Nagy, Bela Nagybaczoni, Csaba Nemeth, Agnes Oze, Jozsef Pauer, Eva Peterfai, Bela Polocsanyi, Ferenc Poor, István Reiber, Csaba Salamon, Julia Sebestyen, Ildiko Torok, Marianna Tuu, Andrea Varga, Viktor Vass, Chul Min Ahn, Chulwoo Ahn, Park ByungWon, Hyuk-Jae Chang, Kiyuk Chang, Eui-Young Choi, Han Seok Choi, Jin-Wook Chung, Bum- Kee Hong, Young Joon Hong, Min Su Hyon, Myung Ho Jeong, Shinae Kang, Byeong-Keuk Kim, Ji-Hyun Kim, Ju Han Kim, Kee-Sik Kim, Moo Hyun Kim, Pum-Joon Kim, Soon-Kil Kim, Yong-Seok Kim, Young Kwon Kim, Yoon Seok Koh, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Bae Lee, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Mee Lim, Pil Ki Min, Jong Sung Park, Jongsuk Park, Keun Ho Park, Sungha Park, Wook Bum Pyun, Se Joong Rim, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Hong-Seog Seo, Ki Bae Seung, Dong-Ho Shin, Doo Sun Sim, Young Won Yoon, Ilze Andersone, Kristine Babicka, Inga Balcere, Roberts Barons, Inguna Capkovska, Kristine Geldnere, Inese Grigane, Baiba Jegere, Ilze Lagzdina, Lija Mora, Sigita Pastare, Rota Ritenberga, Janina Romanova, Inta Saknite, Natalja Sidlovska, Jelena Sokolova, Sandra Steina, Iveta Strizko, Dace Teterovska, Brigita Vizina, Lina Barsiene, Gintare Belozariene, Laura Daugintyte-Petrusiene, Nijole Drungiliene, Nijole Garsviene, Ala Grigiene, Vytautas Grizas, Virginija Jociene, Dalia Kalvaitiene, Jugeta Kaupiene, Jurate Kavaliauskiene, Dalia Kozloviene, Ilona Lapteva, Birute Maneikiene, Jolanta Marcinkeviciene, Vaidilija Markauskiene, Salomeja Meiluniene, Almantas Norkus, Rita Norviliene, Vladimiras Petrenko, Ruta Radzeviciene, Gintare Sakalyte, Gediminas Urbonas, Skaiste Urbutiene, Donatas Vasiliauskas, Dzilda Velickiene, Carlos Aguilar, Marco Alcocer, Juan Antonio Avalos-Ramirez, Ramiro Banda-Elizondo, Rubria Bricio-Ramirez, Karla Cardenas Mejia, Francisco Cavazos, Jesus Chapa, Erika Cienfuegos, Astrid De la Peña, Gilberto de la Peña Topete, Manuel Odin De los Rios Ibarra, Daniel Elias, Claudia Flores-Moreno, Pedro Garcia Hernandez, Luis Gerardo Gonzalez, Rosa Linda Guerra Moya, Arturo Guerra-Lopez, Raymundo Hernandez Baylon, Carolina Herrera Colorado, Marisol Herrera-Marmolejo, Neri Islas-Palacios, Esteban Lopez, Fernando Lopez, Agustin Lopez Alvarado, Rosa Isela Luna Ceballos, Enrique Morales Villegas, Gualberto Moreno-Virgen, Rosa Linda Parra Perez, Sara Pascoe Gonzalez, Irving Peralta-Cantu, Roopa Previn, Rosa Ramirez, Rubria Ramirez, Maria Guadalupe Ramos Zavala, Monica Rodriguez, Rocio Salgado-Sedano, Ana Claudia Sanchez-Aguilar, Edith Santa Rosa Franco, Leobardo Sauque-Reyna, Rodrigo Suarez Otero, Ivonne Torres, Enrique Velarde-Harnandez, Juan Villagordoa, Efrain Villeda-Espinoza, Jorge Vital-Lopez, Cristian Jair Zavala- Bello, John Baker, Elaine Barrington-Ward, Thomas Brownless, Richard Carroll, Simon Carson, Michelle Choe, Andrew Corin, Brian Corley, Richard Cutfield, Neelam Dalaman, Paul Dixon, Paul Drury, Keith Dyson, Chris Florkowski, Monica Ford, William Frengley, Colin Helm, Colin Katzen, Jane Kerr, Manish Khanolkar, David Kim, Renata Koops, Jeremy Krebs, Robert Leikis, Kwan Low, Alison Luckey, Richard Luke, Susan Macaulay, Rodney Marks, Catherine McNamara, Dean Millar-Coote, Steven Miller, Naomi Mottershead, James Reid, Narcisa Robertson, Ian Rosen, David Rowe, Ole Schmiedel, Russell Scott, Jeffrey Sebastian, Davitt Sheahan, Victoria Stiebel, Ian Ternouth, Chris Tofield, Dirk Venter, Michael Williams, Miles Williams, Fiona Wu, Simon Young, Malgorzata Arciszewska, Anna Bochenek, Piotr Borkowski, Przemyslaw Borowy, Tomasz Chrzanowski, Edward Czerwinski, Marek Dwojak, Agnieszka Grodzicka, Izabela Janiec, Joanna Jaruga, Ewa Krystyna Jazwinska-Tarnawska, Krystyna Jedynasty, Danuta Juzwiak-Czapiewska, Jadwiga Karczewicz-Janowska, Jan Konieczny, Marek Konieczny, Marek Korol, Maciej Kozina, Ewa Krzyzagorska, Ewa Kucharczyk-Petryka, Roman Laz, Anna Majchrzak, Zdzislawa Mrozowska, Michal Mularczyk, Elzbieta Nowacka, Jadwiga Peczynska, Robert Petryka, Radoslaw Pietrzak, Dorota Pisarczyk-Wiza, Aleksandra Rozanska, Zofia Ruzga, Emilia Rzeszotarska, Malgorzata Sacha, Marzenna Sekulska, Anna Sidorowicz-Bialynicka, Teresa Stasinska, Agnieszka Strzelecka-Sosik, Teresa Swierszcz, Katarzyna Miroslawa Szymkowiak, Olga Turowska, Krystyna Wisniewska, Maciej Wiza, Iwona Wozniak, Katarzyna Zelazowska, Bernadetta Ziolkowska-Gawron, Danuta Zytkiewicz-Jaruga, Adrian Albota, Carmina Alexandru, Rodica Avram, Cornelia Bala, Diana Barbonta, Roxana Barbu, Daniela Braicu, Nicoleta Calutiu, Doina Catrinoiu, Anca Cerghizan, Alina Ciorba, Anca Craciun, Rodica Doros, Livia Duma, Ancuta Dumitrache, Ioana Ferariu, Anca Ferician Moza, Alexandrina Ghergan, Gheorghe Ghise, Mariana Graur, Mihaela Gribovschi, Bogdan Mihai, Laura Mihalache, Madalina Mihalcea, Nicoleta Mindrescu, Magdalena Morosanu, Andrea Morosoanu, Maria Mota, Anca Moza, Valerica Nafornita, Narcisa Natea, Simona Nicodim, Cristina Nita, Adriana Onaca, Mircea Onaca, Cristina Pop, Lavinia Pop, Amorin Popa, Alexandrina Popescu, Luchiana Pruna, Gabriela Roman, Mihaela Rosu, Alexandra Sima, Doina Sipciu, Carmen Narcisa Sitterli-Natea, Iosif Szilagyi, Minodora Tapurica, Adrian Tase, Adriana-Carmen Tutescu, Luminita Vanghelie, Ioana Verde, Adrian Vlad, Mihaela Zarnescu, Roman Akhmetov, Irina Allenova, Irina Avdeeva, Oksana Baturina, Irina Biserova, Nikolay Bokovin, Irina Bondar, Natalia Burova, Galina Chufeneva, Elena Chumachek, Marina Demidova, Alexander Demin, Vera Drobysheva, Irina Egorova, Lev Esenyan, Ekaterina Gelig, Sergey Gilyarevsky, Maria Golshmid, Arseniy Goncharov, Anastasia Gorbunova, Ivan Gordeev, Vera Gorelysheva, Tatiana Goryunova, Irina Grebenshchikova, Roman Ilchenko, Maria Ivannikova, Saule Karabalieva, Juliya Karpeeva, Elena Khaykina, Zhanna Kobalava, Irina Kononenko, Oxana Korolik, Anna Korshunova, Victor Kostenko, Irina Krasnopevtseva, Ludmila Krylova, Polina Kulkova, Irina Kuzmina, Alla Ledyaeva, Sergey Levashov, Natalia Lokhovinina, Vadim Lvov, Narine Martirosyan, Sergey Nedogoda, Rostislav Nilk, Yulia Osmolovskaya, Alexey Panov, Olga Paramonova, Ekaterina Pavlova, Elena Pekareva, Nina Petunina, Svetlana Ponamareva, Galina Reshedko, Alla Salasyuk, Malvina Sepkhanyan, Alexandr Serebrov, Olesya Shabelnikova, Andrey Skvortsov, Olga Smirnova, Oxana Spiridonova, Svetlana Strogova, Evgeny Taratukhin, Sergey Tereschenko, Lubov Trukhina, Olga Tsarkova, Vera Tsoma, Farid Tumarov, Natalya Tyan, Tatiana Tyurina, Svetlana Villevalde, Elena Yankovaya, Ludmila Zarutskaya, Elena Zenkova, Aysha Badat, Frederik Bester, Suzanne Blignaut, Dirk Blom, Susan Booysen, Warren Boyd, Brigitte Brice, Susan Brown, Lesley Burgess, Reina Cawood, Kathleen Coetzee, Hillet Conradie, Tanja Cronje, Douwe de Jong, Graham Ellis, Shaunagh Emanuel, Ingrid Engelbrecht, Sharne Foulkes, Done Fourie, Gilbert Gibson, Thirumani Govender, Sumayah Hansa, Allana Colleen Hemus, Firzana Hendricks, Marshall Heradien, Chantelle Holmgren, Zaheer Hoosain, Emile Horak, Johannes Howard, Ignatius Immink, E. Janari, Daksha Jivan, Karl Klusmann, Weik Labuschagne, Yen-yu Lai, Gulam Latiff, J. Lombaard, Hanlie Lottering, Ronel Meeding, Shirley Middlemost, Haroon Mitha, Ismail Mitha, Sandile Mkhwanazi, Rajendran Moodley, Almeri Murray, Dany Musungaie, Yasmin Osman, Kirsten Peacey, Larisha Pillay-Ramaya, Catharina Pretorius, Hans Prozesky, Mahomed Sarvan, E Scholtz, Attila Sebesteny, Bianca Skinner, Michael Skriker, M Smit, Anna-Marie Stapelberg, Nicolaas Swanepoel, Dorothea Urbach, Dina van Aswegen, Francois van Zyl, Louis Van Zyl, Esme Venter, Shahid Wadvalla, Jeffrey Wing, Karen Wolmarans, Cristina Abreu, Pilar Aguilà, Eva Aguilera, Nuria Alonso, Carmen Alvarez, Priscila Cajas, Jose Carlos Castro, Roger Codinachs, Jose Contreras, Maria Jose Coves, Carmen Fajardo, Juan Carlos Ferrer, Neus Font, Mar Garcia, Maria Apolonia Gil, Fernando Gomez, Lluis Alberto Gomez, Jose Gonzalbez, Jose Luis Griera, Luís Masmiquel, Didac Mauricio, Silvia Narejos Perez, Juana Ana Nicolau, Olga Noheda Contreras, Josefina Olivan, Josefina Olivares, Emilio Ortega, Silvia Pellitero, Salvador Pertusa, Ferran Rius, Irene Rodriguez, Carlos Sánchez-Juan, Dolores Santos, Berta Soldevila, David Subias, Manel Terns, Carlos Trescoli, Judith Vilaplana, Alicia Villanueva, Jaan Albo, Kjell Antus, Mattias Axelsson, Lisa Bergström, Emil Binsell-Gerdin, Kurt Boman, Fabian Botond, Annika Dotevall, Anna Graipe, C Jarnet, Jessica Kaminska, Anders Kempe, Michael Korhonen, Carina Linderfalk, Bo Liu, Karl Ljungstroem, Karl Ljungström, Lennart Malmqvist, Linda Mellbin, Thomas Mooe, Peter Nicol, Anders Norrby, Ake Ohlsson, Annika Rosengren, Jan Saaf, Staffan Salmonsson, Olof Strandberg, Karl-Axel Svensson, Bengt-Olov Tengmark, Georgios Tsatsaris, Anders Ulvenstam, Peter Vasko, Chwen-Tzuei Chang, Hsin-Mei Chang, Jung-Fu Chen, To-Pang Chen, Ming-Min Chung, Chia-Po Fu, Te-Lin Hsia, Shih-Che Hua, Ming-Chun Kuo, Chia-ln Lee, I-Te Lee, Kae-Woei Liang, Shih Yi Lin, Chieh-Hsiang Lu, Wen-Ya Ma, Dee Pei, Feng-Chih Shen, Ching-Chieh Su, Shuo-Wei Su, Tsai-Sung Tai, Wan-Ni Tsai, Yi-Ting Tsai, Shih-Chen Tung, Jun-Sing Wang, Hui-I Yu, Ahmed Al-Qaissi, Vijayaraman Arutchelvam, Stephen Atkin, Simon Au, Myint Myint Aye, Stephen Bain, Cristina Bejnariu, Patrick Bell, Deepak Bhatnagar, Rudy Bilous, Neil Black, Ursula Brennan, Barbara Brett, Jana Bujanova, Elaine Chow, Andrew Collier, Amanda Combe, Christopher Courtney, Hamish Courtney, James Crothers, Patrick Eavis, Jackie Elliott, Salvatore Febbraro, Jim Finlayson, Rajiv Gandhi, Sharon Gillings, Jonathan Hamling, Roy Harper, Tim Harris, Kahal Hassan, Simon Heller, Alison Jane, Zeeshan Javed, Tim Johnson, Stephen Jones, Adele Kennedy, David Kerr, Brian Kilgallon, Judith Konya, John Lindsay, Lina Lomova-Williams, Helen Looker, David MacFarlane, Sandra Macrury, Iqbal Malik, Rory McCrimmon, Douglas McKeith, John McKnight, Biswa Mishra, Racha Mukhtar, Ciara Mulligan, Maurice O'Kane, Tolu Olateju, Ian Orpen, Tristan Richardson, Desmond Rooney, Shorsha Bae Ross, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Naveen Siddaramaiah, Lee Euan Sit, Jeffrey Stephens, Frances Turtle, Ammar Wakil, Emma Walkinshaw, Asem Ali, Robert Anderson, Richard Arakaki, Omar Aref, Mehrdad Kevin Ariani, David Arkin, Salomon Banarer, George Barchini, Arti Bhan, Kelley Branch, Donald Brautigam, Stephen Brietzke, Maridez Brinas, Yudit Brito, Casey Carter, Kimberely Casagni, Sabina Casula, Simon Chakko, Seth Charatz, Dale Childress, Lisa Chow, Malgorzata Chustecka, Subha Clarke, Lisa Cohen, Barry Collins, Gildred Colon Vega, Angel Comulada-Rivera, Gregorio Cortes-Maisonet, Matthew Davis, Jose de Souza, Cyrus Desouza, Mary Dinnan, Bobbi Duffy-Hidalgo, Barbara Dunn, Julia Dunn, Marshall Elman, James Felicetta, Stuart Finkelstein, David Fitz-Patrick, Hermes Florez, Alan Forker, Wayne Fowler, Sonja Fredrickson, Zachary Freedman, Brooke Gainey Narron, Kristin Gainey-Ferree, Michael Gardner, Christian Gastelum, Stephen Giddings, Eve Gillespie, Michael Paul Gimness, Gary Goldstein, Maria Gomes, Nelson Gomez, Timothy Gorman, Ketan Goswami, Arthur Graves, Scott Hacking, Charles Hall, Lenita Hanson, Sherman Harman, David Heber, Robert Henry, Janette Hiner, Irl Hirsch, Priscilla Hollander, Thomas Hooker, Barry Horowitz, Laura Hoste, Loli Huang, Minh Huynh, Dan Hyman, Soha Idriss, Ali Iranmanesh, Dennis Karounos, Moti Kashyap, Lois Katz, William Kaye, Yevgeniy Khaiton, Romesh Khardori, Timothy Kitchen, Andrew Klein, Wendi Knffem, Mikhail Kosiborod, Nicola Kreglinger, Davida Kruger, Anubhav Kumar, Ivan Laboy, Patricia Larrabee, Laura Larrick, Donna Lawson, Mike Ledet, James Lenhard, James Levy, George Li, Zhaoping Li, David Lieb, April Limcolioc, Jane Lions-Patterson, Daniel Lorber, Daniel Lorch, Michael Lorrello, Peter Lu, Kathryn Jean Lucas, Siu-Ling Ma, Michael MacAdams, Michelle Magee, Alexander Magno, Aparna Reddy Mahakala, Jennifer Marks, Anthony McCall, William McClanahan, Carole McClary, Lydia Melendez, John Melish, Deanna Michaud, Christopher Miller, Neil Miller, Pablo Mora, Marriyam Moten, Sunder Mudaliar, Gregory Myrick, Puneet Narayan, Mike Nassif, Karena Neri, Tabitha Newton, Patricia Niblack, Philip Nicol, Ebenezer Nyenwe, A. Ola Odugbesan, Yolanda Okorocha, Ramón Ortiz Carrasquillo, Kwame Osei, Coromoto Palermo, Hiren Patel, Krishna Patel, Cindy Pau, Michael Perley, Sanford Plevin, Elena Plummer, Richard Powell, Mohammed Qintar, Rex Rawls, John Reyes-Castano, Lillian Reynolds, Robert Richards, Julio Rosenstock, Caroline Rowe, Jahandar Saleh, Sony Sam, Alfredo Sanchez, Donald Sander, Bruce Sanderson, Virginia Savin, Elizabeth Seaquist, Jayendra Shah, Serena Shi, Vijay Shivaswamy, Tammi Shlotzhauer, David Shore, Bobbie Skukowski, Kyaw Soe, Vesna Solheim, Joseph Soufer, Helmut Steinberg, Jaime Steinsapir, Phillip Tarkington, Debra Thayer, Stephen Thomson, James Thrasher, Joseph Tibaldi, Jeff Tjaden, Oberto Tores, Dace Trence, Subbulaxmi Trikudanathan, Jagdeesh Ullal, Gabriel Uwaifo, Anthony Vo, Kenny Vu, Damandeep Walia, Karen Weiland, Fred Whitehouse, Thomas Wiegmann, Kathleen Wyne, Alan Wynne, Kevin Yuen, Joel Zaretzky, James Zebrack, Franklin Zieve, William Zigrang, and Everest
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Placebo-controlled study, Glucagon-Like Peptides, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Internal medicine, Medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Diabetic Nephropathies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Renal replacement therapy, Aged, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Creatinine, Dulaglutide, Female, business, medicine.drug, Kidney disease, Glomerular Filtration Rate
Abstract: Digital, Background: Two glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduced renal outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at risk for cardiovascular disease. We assessed the long-term effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on renal outcomes in an exploratory analysis of the REWIND trial of the effect of dulaglutide on cardiovascular disease. Methods: REWIND was a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial at 371 sites in 24 countries. Men and women aged at least 50 years with type 2 diabetes who had either a previous cardiovascular event or cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned (1:1) to either weekly subcutaneous injection of dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or placebo and followed up at least every 6 months for outcomes. Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratios (UACRs) and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) were estimated from urine and serum values measured in local laboratories every 12 months. The primary outcome (first occurrence of the composite endpoint of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes), secondary outcomes (including a composite microvascular outcome), and safety outcomes of this trial have been reported elsewhere. In this exploratory analysis, we investigate the renal component of the composite microvascular outcome, defined as the first occurrence of new macroalbuminuria (UACR >33·9 mg/mmol), a sustained decline in eGFR of 30% or more from baseline, or chronic renal replacement therapy. Analyses were by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01394952. Findings: Between Aug 18, 2011, and Aug 14, 2013, 9901 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive dulaglutide (n=4949) or placebo (n=4952). At baseline, 791 (7·9%) had macroalbuminuria and mean eGFR was 76·9 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (SD 22·7). During a median follow-up of 5·4 years (IQR 5·1-5·9) comprising 51 820 person-years, the renal outcome developed in 848 (17·1%) participants at an incidence rate of 3·5 per 100 person-years in the dulaglutide group and in 970 (19·6%) participants at an incidence rate of 4·1 per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·85, 95% CI 0·77-0·93; p=0·0004). The clearest effect was for new macroalbuminuria (HR 0·77, 95% CI 0·68-0·87; p, Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud
Published: 2019

180. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Author: Hertzel C Gerstein, Helen M Colhoun, Gilles R Dagenais, Rafael Diaz, Mark Lakshmanan, Prem Pais, Jeffrey Probstfield, Jeffrey S Riesmeyer, Matthew C Riddle, Lars Rydén, Denis Xavier, Charles Messan Atisso, Leanne Dyal, Stephanie Hall, Purnima Rao-Melacini, Gloria Wong, Alvaro Avezum, Jan Basile, Namsik Chung, Ignacio Conget, William C Cushman, Edward Franek, Nicolae Hancu, Markolf Hanefeld, Shaun Holt, Petr Jansky, Matyas Keltai, Fernando Lanas, Lawrence A Leiter, Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo, Ernesto German Cardona Munoz, Valdis Pirags, Nana Pogosova, Peter J Raubenheimer, Jonathan E Shaw, Wayne H-H Sheu, Theodora Temelkova-Kurktschiev, Mercedes Abella, Andrea Alebuena, Sandra Almagro, Eduardo Amoroso, Paula Anadon, Elizabeth Andreu, Guillermo Aristimuño, Maria Arzadun, Maria Barbieri, Raul Barcudi, Ines Bartolacci, Gabriel Bolobanich, Anselmo Bordonava, Miguel Bustamante Labarta, Betina Bustos, Alberto Caccavo, Alejandra Camino, Maria Cantero, Maria Carignano, Luis Cartasegna, Marcela Cipullo, Víctor Commendatore, Victoria Conosciuto, Osvaldo Costamagna, Claudia Crespo, Jose Cuello, Carlos Cuneo, Sandra Cusimano, Sofia Dean, Claudio Dituro, Andrea Dominguez, Miguel Farah, Alberto Fernandez, Florencia Fernandez, Adriana Ferrari, Patricia Flammia, Jose Fuentealba, Karina Beatriz Gallardo, Celso Garcia, Ruben Garcia Duran, Marcelo Garrido, Rodolfo Gavicola, Claudio Gerbaudo, Graciela Gilli, Ana Paula Giotto, Pedro Godoy Bolzán, Oscar Gomez Vilamajo, Fernando Guerlloy, Cristian Guridi, Narcisa Gutierrez Garrido, Eduardo Hasbani, Sonia Hermida, Miguel Hominal, Adrian Hrabar, Adrián Ingaramo, Alejandra Izzicupo, Mario Krynski, Mariana Lagrutta, Paulina Lanchiotti, Maria Langhe, Veronica Leonard, Javier Llanos, Ricardo Lopez Santi, Jorge Lowenstein, Cecilia Luquez, Ignacio Mackinnon, Melina Mana, Sara Manzur, Javier Marino, Carolina Martella, Roger Martinez, Re Matias, Javier Matkovich, Monica Meritano, Oscar Montaña, María Mulazzi, Juan Ochoa, Gustavo Paterlini, María Pelagagge, Maria Elena Peralta Lopez, Aldo Prado, Lorena Pruyas, Martín Racca, Carola Ricotti, Carolina Rodriguez, Mariano Romero Vidomlansky, Ricardo Ronderos, Ana Laura Sadowski, Jorgelina Sala, Alejandro Sánchez, Andrea Santoro, Lilia Schiavi, Mariano Sein, Virginia Sernia, Leonardo Serra, Maximiliano Sicer, Tomas Smith, Leonardo Soso, Georgina Sposetti, Andrea Steinacher, Jorge Stival, Jorge Tedesco, Hugo Tonin, Mauro Tortolo, Maria Ulla, Julio Vallejos, Marisa Vico, Luciana Virgillito, Virginia Visco, Daniel Vogel, Florencia Waisman, César Zaidman, Noemi Zucchiatti, Imran Badshah, Neale Cohen, Peter Colman, David Colquhoun, Timothy Davis, Spiros Fourlanos, Greg Fulcher, Jane Hamlyn, Cilla Haywood, Samantha Hocking, Maeve Huchinson, William Jeffries, Mervyn Kyl, Clement Lo, PeakMann Mah, Ashley Makepeace, Dolly Marope, Natalie Nanayakkar, Alison Nankervis, Neil Palmer, Barbara Palolus, Satish Pillai, Sarah Price, Joseph Proietto, Anne Reutens, Natassia Rodrigo, Abdul Sheikh, Greg Smith, Michelle So, Georgia Soldatos, Bronwyn Stuckey, Priya Sumithran, Helena Teede, Parind Vora, Lyn Williams, Eduardo Abib, Christiani Adão Poço, Érica Ferreira Alves, Janaina Andreatta Bernardi Barea, Livia Avezum Oliveira, Denise Ludovico da Costa de Castro, Ivan Correa da Cruz, Midiã Costa, Ivan Cruz, Sidney Cunha, Marco Antonio Vieira Da Silva, Renata de Carvalho Camara Bona, Bruna de Paula, Freddy Eliaschewitz, Guilherme Fazolli, Carlos Alberto Ferreira Filho, Jose Fortes, Cesar França, Denise Reis Franco, Paulo Roberto Genestreti, Flavio Giorgeto, Rodrigo Marques Gonçalves, Michele Elka Grossman, Ana Claudia Henrique Marcelino, Mauro Hernandes, Ana Horta, Cristiano Jaeger, Midia Kaneblai, Cecilia Kauffman Rutenberg, Jose Francisco Kerr Saraiva, Maria Angelica Lemos, Lilia Maia, Euler Roberto Manenti, Mariana Marques, Cynthia Melissa Valerio, Rodrigo Moreira, Flávia Mothé, Osana Maria Mouco, Philip Moura, José Carlos Moura Jorge, Carlos Nakashima, Marcelo Nakazone, Thiago Napoli, Cristiane Nunes, Joao Eduardo Nunes Salles, Karla Oliveira, Marcela Oliveira, Gracielly de Souza Pantano, Fabio Petri, Leonardo Piazza, Andreia Carla Pires, Patricia Pizzato, Sergio Prata, Dalton Precoma, Rafael Rech, Gilmar Reis, Heleno Reis, Elisabete Resende, Jose Ribas Fortes, Sylka Rodovalho, Fabio Rossi dos Santos, Joao Eduardo Salles, Célia Regina Sampaio, Thiago Santos, Vanessa Santos dos Santos, Tulio Silva e Quadros, Daniel Silveira, Katia Nunes Siqueira, M Teireira, Marcelo Uehara, C Valerio, Henrique Vianna, Maria Helena Vidotti, Guilherme de Lima Visconti, Maria Teresa Zanella, Viktoriya Andreeva, Radoslav Borisov, Nikolay Botushanov, Georgi Dimitrov, Kameliya Dimova, Tsvetan Dragoychev, Valentina Grigorova, Valentina Gushterova, Ivaylo Ivanov, Tatyana Kocelova, Dimo Kurktschiev, Milena Miletieva, Neli Nenkova-Gugusheva, Ralitsa Pancheva, Maria Pavlova, Dimitar Raev, Vesela Spasova, Anastas Stoikov, Dimitar Troev, Todor Yanev, Mariana Yoncheva-Mihaylova, Alexander Abitbol, Buki Ajala, Abdullh Alguwaihes, Jean-Luc Ardilouze, Nahla Aris-Jilwan, Amel Arnaout, Ronnie Aronson, Nadeem Aslam, Sandra Babin, Jean-Patrice Bailargeon, Allan Bailey, Harpreet Bajaj, Christian Beauchesne, Sorin Beca, Andre Belanger, Alan Bell, Diego Bellabarba, Lori Berard, Brian Berenbaum, Vincent Bergeron, Joseph Berlingieri, Frédéric Bernier, Phoebe Bishara, David Blank, Ian Blumer, Suzanne Brault, Donald Breton, André Carpentier, James Cha, Prakash Chandra, Jean-Louis Chiasson, James R Conway, Ghyslaine Couture, Nathalie Couture, Gilles Dagenais, Dyotirmoy Datta, Giuseppe D'Ignazio, Richard Dumas, Didier Fay, Andre Frechette, Louise Frenette, Daisy Fung, Nathalie Gagnon, Meri Galter, Jean Garon, Jean Sebastien Gauthier, Christian Geadah, Jeremy Gilbert, Ronald Girard, Ronald Goldenberg, Loren David Grossman, Nikhil Gupta, Jean-Pierre Halle, Marie-France Hivert, Ghislaine Houde, Robyn Houlden, Irene Hramiak, Ted Jablonski, Akshay Jain Jain, Hasnain Khandwala, Munish Khosla, C Lachance, Emilie Laflamme, Marie-France Langlois, Luc Larivee, Joanne Liutkus, Heather Lochnan, Saleem Malik, Charlotte McDonald, Pravinsagar Mehta, John Mihailidis, Alain Milot, Priya Narula, Patrice Nault, Arun Nayar, William Nisker, Gilles Ouellet, Jean Palardy, Minta Patel, Terri Paul, Sue Pedersen, Patrice Perron, Marie-Hélène Pesant, Paul Poirier, Marie-Claude Poulin, Zubin Punthakee, Waheed Rehman, Stuart Ross, P Sagar, Nouhad Saliba, Sam Sandler, Alicia Schiffrin, Robert Schlosser, Anila Seth-Sharma, Mark Sherman, David Sionit, Tharsan Sivakumar, Juan Soto, Eric St-Amour, Oren Steen, Jack Sussman, Adam Telner, Sheldon Tobe, David-Yaw Twum-Barima, Audrey Van Zanten, Nicole VanRossum, Jonathan Vecchiarelli, Rick Ward, John Wessengel, Stanley Weisnagel, Igor Wilderman, Vincent Woo, Natalia Yakubovich, Jean-Francois Yale, Zeina Yared, Monica Acevedo, Maria Loreto Aguirre, Andres Aizman, Maria Soledad Barroso, Leonardo Cobos, Alfredo Danin Vargas, Barbara Descalzi, Gonzalo Godoy, Elio Grumberg, Rodolfo Lahsen, Gladys Larenas, Eugenia Ortiz, Javier Paredes, Sergio Potthoff, Eva Retamal, Luis Rojas, Manuel Salgado, Claudio Santibanez, Carmen Solis, Benjamin Stokins, Jose Accini, Javier Acebedo, Lina Maria Agudelo Baena, Soraya Alarcon, Juliana Angel, Edgar Arcos, M Aroca Martinez, Leonor Atuesta, Jose Balaguera, Doris Ballestas, Sandra Isabel Barrera, Rosmy Barrios Reyes, Adolfo Bayona, Andres Bermudez, Diego Zarate Bernal, Marco Blanquicett, Victor Bravo, Wendy Bueno, Alvaro Burbano Delgado, Alberto Cadena, Andres Cadena, Sandra Caicedo, Carlos Celemin, Ricardo Consuegra, Cristhian Contreras Pimienta, Kelly Johenis Corredor, Carlos Cure, Lizeth Dayana De La Hoz Rueda, Erika Delgado, Sarahy Diaz, Marta Diego, Anabell Donado, William Encinales Sanabria, Juliana Escobar, Gillian Escorcia, Leonardo Forero, Laura Fuentes, Maria Garcia, Henry Garcia Lozada, Luis Garcia Ortiz, Angela Giraldo, Laura Gomez Gonzalez, Javier Granada, Corina Gutierrez, Natalia Henao, 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Kim, Moo Hyun Kim, Pum-Joon Kim, Soon-Kil Kim, Yong-Seok Kim, Young Kwon Kim, Yoon Seok Koh, Hyuck Moon Kwon, Byoung Kwon Lee, Byung-Wan Lee, Jin Bae Lee, Myoung-Mook Lee, Young-Mee Lim, Pil Ki Min, Jong Sung Park, Jongsuk Park, Keun Ho Park, Sungha Park, Wook Bum Pyun, Se Joong Rim, Dong-Ryeol Ryu, Hong-Seog Seo, Ki Bae Seung, Dong-Ho Shin, Doo Sun Sim, Young Won Yoon, Ilze Andersone, Kristine Babicka, Inga Balcere, Roberts Barons, Inguna Capkovska, Kristine Geldnere, Inese Grigane, Baiba Jegere, Ilze Lagzdina, Lija Mora, Sigita Pastare, Rota Ritenberga, Janina Romanova, Inta Saknite, Natalja Sidlovska, Jelena Sokolova, Sandra Steina, Iveta Strizko, Dace Teterovska, Brigita Vizina, Lina Barsiene, Gintare Belozariene, Laura Daugintyte-Petrusiene, Nijole Drungiliene, Nijole Garsviene, Ala Grigiene, Vytautas Grizas, Virginija Jociene, Dalia Kalvaitiene, Jugeta Kaupiene, Jurate Kavaliauskiene, Dalia Kozloviene, Ilona Lapteva, Birute Maneikiene, Jolanta Marcinkeviciene, Vaidilija 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Janari, Daksha Jivan, Karl Klusmann, Weik Labuschagne, Yen-yu Lai, Gulam Latiff, J. Lombaard, Hanlie Lottering, Ronel Meeding, Shirley Middlemost, Haroon Mitha, Ismail Mitha, Sandile Mkhwanazi, Rajendran Moodley, Almeri Murray, Dany Musungaie, Yasmin Osman, Kirsten Peacey, Larisha Pillay-Ramaya, Catharina Pretorius, Hans Prozesky, Mahomed Sarvan, E Scholtz, Attila Sebesteny, Bianca Skinner, Michael Skriker, M Smit, Anna-Marie Stapelberg, Nicolaas Swanepoel, Dorothea Urbach, Dina van Aswegen, Francois van Zyl, Louis Van Zyl, Esme Venter, Shahid Wadvalla, Jeffrey Wing, Karen Wolmarans, Cristina Abreu, Pilar Aguilà, Eva Aguilera, Nuria Alonso, Carmen Alvarez, Priscila Cajas, Jose Carlos Castro, Roger Codinachs, Jose Contreras, Maria Jose Coves, Carmen Fajardo, Juan Carlos Ferrer, Neus Font, Mar Garcia, Maria Apolonia Gil, Fernando Gomez, Lluis Alberto Gomez, Jose Gonzalbez, Jose Luis Griera, Luís Masmiquel, Didac Mauricio, Silvia Narejos Perez, Juana Ana Nicolau, Olga Noheda Contreras, Josefina Olivan, Josefina Olivares, Emilio Ortega, Silvia Pellitero, Salvador Pertusa, 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Jun-Sing Wang, Hui-I Yu, Ahmed Al-Qaissi, Vijayaraman Arutchelvam, Stephen Atkin, Simon Au, Myint Myint Aye, Stephen Bain, Cristina Bejnariu, Patrick Bell, Deepak Bhatnagar, Rudy Bilous, Neil Black, Ursula Brennan, Barbara Brett, Jana Bujanova, Elaine Chow, Andrew Collier, Amanda Combe, Christopher Courtney, Hamish Courtney, James Crothers, Patrick Eavis, Jackie Elliott, Salvatore Febbraro, Jim Finlayson, Rajiv Gandhi, Sharon Gillings, Jonathan Hamling, Roy Harper, Tim Harris, Kahal Hassan, Simon Heller, Alison Jane, Zeeshan Javed, Tim Johnson, Stephen Jones, Adele Kennedy, David Kerr, Brian Kilgallon, Judith Konya, John Lindsay, Lina Lomova-Williams, Helen Looker, David MacFarlane, Sandra Macrury, Iqbal Malik, Rory McCrimmon, Douglas McKeith, John McKnight, Biswa Mishra, Racha Mukhtar, Ciara Mulligan, Maurice O'Kane, Tolu Olateju, Ian Orpen, Tristan Richardson, Desmond Rooney, Shorsha Bae Ross, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Naveen Siddaramaiah, Lee Euan Sit, Jeffrey Stephens, Frances Turtle, 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Hanson, Sherman Harman, David Heber, Robert Henry, Janette Hiner, Irl Hirsch, Priscilla Hollander, Thomas Hooker, Barry Horowitz, Laura Hoste, Loli Huang, Minh Huynh, Dan Hyman, Soha Idriss, Ali Iranmanesh, Dennis Karounos, Moti Kashyap, Lois Katz, William Kaye, Yevgeniy Khaiton, Romesh Khardori, Timothy Kitchen, Andrew Klein, Wendi Knffem, Mikhail Kosiborod, Nicola Kreglinger, Davida Kruger, Anubhav Kumar, Ivan Laboy, Patricia Larrabee, Laura Larrick, Donna Lawson, Mike Ledet, James Lenhard, James Levy, George Li, Zhaoping Li, David Lieb, April Limcolioc, Jane Lions-Patterson, Daniel Lorber, Daniel Lorch, Michael Lorrello, Peter Lu, Kathryn Jean Lucas, Siu-Ling Ma, Michael MacAdams, Michelle Magee, Alexander Magno, Aparna Reddy Mahakala, Jennifer Marks, Anthony McCall, William McClanahan, Carole McClary, Lydia Melendez, John Melish, Deanna Michaud, Christopher Miller, Neil Miller, Pablo Mora, Marriyam Moten, Sunder Mudaliar, Gregory Myrick, Puneet Narayan, Mike Nassif, Karena Neri, Tabitha Newton, Patricia Niblack, Philip Nicol, Ebenezer Nyenwe, A. Ola Odugbesan, Yolanda Okorocha, Ramón Ortiz Carrasquillo, Kwame Osei, Coromoto Palermo, Hiren Patel, Krishna Patel, Cindy Pau, Michael Perley, Sanford Plevin, Elena Plummer, Richard Powell, Mohammed Qintar, Rex Rawls, John Reyes-Castano, Lillian Reynolds, Robert Richards, Julio Rosenstock, Caroline Rowe, Jahandar Saleh, Sony Sam, Alfredo Sanchez, Donald Sander, Bruce Sanderson, Virginia Savin, Elizabeth Seaquist, Jayendra Shah, Serena Shi, Vijay Shivaswamy, Tammi Shlotzhauer, David Shore, Bobbie Skukowski, Kyaw Soe, Vesna Solheim, Joseph Soufer, Helmut Steinberg, Jaime Steinsapir, Phillip Tarkington, Debra Thayer, Stephen Thomson, James Thrasher, Joseph Tibaldi, Jeff Tjaden, Oberto Tores, Dace Trence, Subbulaxmi Trikudanathan, Jagdeesh Ullal, Gabriel Uwaifo, Anthony Vo, Kenny Vu, Damandeep Walia, Karen Weiland, Fred Whitehouse, Thomas Wiegmann, Kathleen Wyne, Alan Wynne, Kevin Yuen, Joel Zaretzky, James Zebrack, Franklin Zieve, William Zigrang, and Everest
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, Population, Placebo-controlled study, Glucagon-Like Peptides, Myocardial Infarction, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Placebo, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Double-Blind Method, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Aged, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Semaglutide, Hazard ratio, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments, Stroke, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cardiovascular Diseases, Dulaglutide, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: Digital, Background Three different glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists reduce cardiovascular outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk with high glycated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations. We assessed the effect of the GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on major adverse cardiovascular events when added to the existing antihyperglycaemic regimens of individuals with type 2 diabetes with and without previous cardiovascular disease and a wide range of glycaemic control. Methods This multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done at 371 sites in 24 countries. Men and women aged at least 50 years with type 2 diabetes who had either a previous cardiovascular event or cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned (1:1) to either weekly subcutaneous injection of dulaglutide (1·5 mg) or placebo. Randomisation was done by a computer-generated random code with stratification by site. All investigators and participants were masked to treatment assignment. Participants were followed up at least every 6 months for incident cardiovascular and other serious clinical outcomes. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of the composite endpoint of non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes (including unknown causes), which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01394952. Findings Between Aug 18, 2011, and Aug 14, 2013, 9901 participants (mean age 66·2 years [SD 6·5], median HbA1c 7·2% [IQR 6·6–8·1], 4589 [46·3%] women) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive dulaglutide (n=4949) or placebo (n=4952). During a median follow-up of 5·4 years (IQR 5·1–5·9), the primary composite outcome occurred in 594 (12·0%) participants at an incidence rate of 2·4 per 100 person-years in the dulaglutide group and in 663 (13·4%) participants at an incidence rate of 2·7 per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0·88, 95% CI 0·79–0·99; p=0·026). All-cause mortality did not differ between groups (536 [10·8%] in the dulaglutide group vs 592 [12·0%] in the placebo group; HR 0·90, 95% CI 0·80–1·01; p=0·067). 2347 (47·4%) participants assigned to dulaglutide reported a gastrointestinal adverse event during follow-up compared with 1687 (34·1%) participants assigned to placebo (p, Ciencias Médicas y de la Salud
Published: 2019

181. Real-World Evidence Should Be Used in Regulatory Decisions About New Pharmaceutical and Medical Device Products for Diabetes

Author: David C. Klonoff, David Kerr, Alexander Fleming, and Alberto Gutierrez
Subjects: Medical device, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Decision Making, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, Real world evidence, law.invention, Pharmacy records, Randomized controlled trial, law, Health care, Internal Medicine, medicine, Device Approval, Diabetes Mellitus, Humans, Social media, Social determinants of health, music, Adverse effect, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Evidence-Based Medicine, business.industry, Health Policy, music.record_label, medicine.disease, Editorial, Equipment and Supplies, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Medical emergency, business
Abstract: Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are no longer the sole source of data to inform guidelines, regulatory, and policy decisions. Real-world data (RWD), collected from registries, electronic health records, insurance claims, pharmacy records, social media, and sensor outputs from devices form real-world evidence (RWE), which can supplement evidence from RCTs. Benefits of using RWE include less time and cost to produce meaningful data; the ability to capture additional information, including social determinants of health that can impact health outcomes; detection of uncommon adverse events; and the potential to apply machine learning and artificial intelligence to the delivery of health care. Overall, combining data from RCTs and RWE would allow regulators to make ongoing and more evidence-based decisions in approving and monitoring products for diabetes.
Published: 2019

182. Dynamics and Perception in the Thermal Grill Illusion

Author: Yon Visell, Anzu Kawazoe, David Kerr, Shriniwas Patwardhan, and Masashi Nakatani
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, media_common.quotation_subject, Illusion, Sensory system, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Perception, Sensation, Humans, Thermosensing, Thermal grill illusion, Haptic technology, media_common, Skin, Temperature, Illusions, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, 030104 developmental biology, Touch Perception, Dynamics (music), Heat transfer, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: A basic challenge in perception research is to understand how sensory inputs from physical environments and the body are integrated in order to facilitate perceptual inferences. Thermal perception, which arises through heat transfer between extrinsic sources and body tissues, is an integral part of natural haptic experiences, and thermal feedback technologies have potential applications in wearable computing, virtual reality, and other areas. While physics dictates that thermal percepts can be slow, often unfolding over timescales measured in seconds, much faster perceptual responses can occur in the thermal grill illusion. The latter refers to a burning-like sensation that can be evoked when innocuous warm and cool stimuli are applied to the skin in juxtaposed fashion. Here, we show that perceptual response times to the thermal grill illusion decrease systematically with perceived intensity. Using results from behavioral experiments in combination with a physics-based description of tissue heating, we develop a simple model explaining the perception of the illusion through the evolution of internal tissue temperatures. The results suggest that improved understanding of the physical mechanisms of tissue heating may aid our understanding of thermal perception, as exemplified by the thermal grill illusion, and might point toward more efficient methods for thermal feedback.
Published: 2019

183. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Advances: A Review of Configurations for Speech Disabled Individuals

Author: Yasmin Elsahar, David Kerr, Kaddour Bouazza-Marouf, Mansor A, and Sijung Hu
Subjects: Augmentative and alternative communication, Human–computer interaction, Speech disability, Computer science, biomedical_chemical_engineering, Voice communication
Abstract: High-tech augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) methods are on a constant rise; however, the interaction between the user and the assistive technology is still challenged for an optimal user experience centered around the desired activity. This review presents a range of signal sensing and acquisition methods utilized in conjunction with the existing high-tech AAC platforms for speech disabled individuals, including imaging methods, touch-enabled systems, mechanical and electro-mechanical access, breath-activated methods, and brain computer interfaces (BCI). The listed AAC sensing modalities are compared in terms of ease of access, affordability, complexity, portability, and typical conversational speeds. A revelation of the associated AAC signal processing, encoding, and retrieval highlights the roles of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in the development of intelligent AAC solutions. The demands and the affordability of most systems were found to hinder the scale of usage of high-tech AAC. Further research is indeed needed for the development of intelligent AAC applications reducing the associated costs and enhancing the portability of the solutions for a real user’s environment. The consolidation of natural language processing with current solutions also needs to be further explored for the amelioration of the conversational speeds. The recommendations for prospective advances in coming high-tech AAC are addressed in terms of developments to support mobile health communicative applications.
Published: 2019

184. New Opportunities for Digital Health to Thrive

Author: David Kerr, Fraya King, and David C. Klonoff
Subjects: business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internet privacy, Biomedical Engineering, Mobile apps, Bioengineering, Health Care Costs, Digital health, Mobile Applications, Telemedicine, Editorial, Stakeholder Participation, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Preventive Health Services, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Humans, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Smartphone, Diffusion of Innovation, business, Wireless Technology, Forecasting
Published: 2019

185. 7 Scottish Pioneers of Arabic and Islamic Studies: Reflections on Selected Parts of the Inaugural Lecture of Professor Watt, Given in Edinburgh in October 1965

Author: David Kerr
Published: 2019

186. Reflecting on the human dimensions of wild dolphin tourism in marine environments

Author: Greg D. Simpson, Jessica Patroni, David Newsome, David Kerr, and Daminda P. Sumanapla
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, marine wildlife tourism, lcsh:TX901-946.5, Best practice, media_common.quotation_subject, 01 natural sciences, Originality, 0502 economics and business, Marketing, media_common, Government, western australia, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Visitor pattern, Wildlife tourism, 05 social sciences, Dolphins, human dimensions, visitor attitudes/satisfaction, Bunbury, Western Australia, Social research, Geography, bunbury, Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management, Sustainability, lcsh:Hospitality industry. Hotels, clubs, restaurants, etc. Food service, dolphins, 050212 sport, leisure & tourism, Tourism
Abstract: Purpose –Many studies report on the potential ecological impacts of wild dolphin tourism, risks to people, and economic benefits to local communities. Fewer studies report the social aspects (human dimensions) of dolphin tourism, such as visitor satisfaction and attitudes of participants. This communication postulates that human dimensions are an important consideration in any strategy to keep wild dolphin tourism operations sustainable by balancing the welfare of the dolphins and the desires and expectations of tourists to interact with these charismatic, iconic creatures. Methodology –This communication synthesizes learning gained from a recent quantitative systematic literature review of marine wildlife tourism, a previously unreported review of wild dolphin tourism literature, and a recent study from the Dolphin Discovery Centre in Bunbury, Western Australia. Findings–Human attitudes towards marine mammals ultimately reflect how dolphin tourism is developed and managed. It is therefore important to understand how people experience and perceive dolphin tourism. Wild dolphin tourism is of great value to local economies, tour operators, and visitors who enjoy those experiences. The potential impacts that can arise from dolphin tourism need to be understood and minimised by actions under the control of tour operators and government authorities. This is important to make the satisfaction visitors gain from such experiences worthwhile and to ensure the long-term sustainability of wild dolphin tourism experiences. Originality of the research –Most wild dolphin tourism research has an ecological focus. This communication demonstrates that equally important social research, concerned with understanding visitor awareness, knowledge, expectations, and satisfaction, has a vital role to play in developing best practice management for wild dolphin tourism experiences.
Published: 2019

187. Effect of Holstein genotype on innate immune and metabolic responses of heifers to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration

Author: G. Cousillas-Boam, Wanda J Weber, Bradley J Heins, David Kerr, S. Kahl, Theodore H. Elsasser, Brian A Crooker, and A.L. Benjamin
Subjects: Lipopolysaccharides, medicine.medical_specialty, Lipopolysaccharide, Genotype, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Food Animals, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Serum amyloid A, Nitrite, Xanthine oxidase, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Innate immune system, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-8, 0402 animal and dairy science, Acute-phase protein, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Fibroblasts, 040201 dairy & animal science, Immunity, Innate, chemistry, Animal Science and Zoology, Tumor necrosis factor alpha, Cattle, Female
Abstract: Heifers (n = 4/genotype) from unselected (stable genotype since 1964, UH) and contemporary (CH) Holsteins that differed in milk yield (6,200 and 11,100 kg milk/305 d) were used to assess the impact of selection on innate immune and acute-phase response to an endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS). Jugular catheters were implanted 24 h before LPS administration. Blood samples were collected at -1, -0.5, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, and 24 h relative to iv administration of 0.5 μg LPS/kg BW. Rectal body temperature (BT) was determined at these sampling times and at 5 and 7 h. Dermal biopsies were collected after the 24 h blood sample and processed to isolate fibroblasts. Plasma was analyzed for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), serum amyloid A (SAA), xanthine oxidase (XO), and nitrate + nitrite (NOx), cortisol, glucose, and IGF-1 content. Isolated fibroblasts were exposed to IL-1β or LPS and IL-6 and IL-8 content of culture media determined. Exposure to LPS increased BTs and plasma concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6 SAA, XO, cortisol, and glucose (P0.05) in both genotypes. Plasma concentrations of TNF-α, XO, NOx, and glucose did not differ (P0.25) between the genotypes, but IL-6 and SAA concentrations were reduced (P0.05) in CH relative to UH heifers while cortisol and IGF-1 concentrations tended (P0.08) to be reduced in CH heifers. After 36 h exposure to LPS, concentrations of IL-6 were greater (P0.05) in culture media from incubations of CH than UH fibroblasts but concentrations of IL-8 did not differ between genotypes. There was a trend (P = 0.08) for IL-8 concentrations to be reduced in media from CH fibroblasts exposed to IL-1β for 24 h but IL-6 concentrations did not differ between genotypes. Results indicate 50 yr of selection has reduced the robustness of the innate immune and acute-phase response to LPS in the contemporary Holstein heifer.
Published: 2018

188. Dysglycemia in adults at risk for or living with non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes: Insights from continuous glucose monitoring

Author: Casey Conneely, Wendy C. Bevier, Namino M. Glantz, Souptik Barua, Arianna J. Larez, David Kerr, and Ashutosh Sabharwal
Subjects: Medicine (General), medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system diseases, medicine.medical_treatment, Type 2 diabetes, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, R5-920, 0302 clinical medicine, Time of day, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0101 mathematics, Continuous glucose monitoring, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Insulin, 010102 general mathematics, nutritional and metabolic diseases, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Hispanic/Latino adults, Pre diabetes, Time in range, Pre-diabetes, business, human activities, Research Paper
Abstract: Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has demonstrable benefits for people living with diabetes, but the supporting evidence is almost exclusively from White individuals with type 1 diabetes. Here, we have quantified CGM profiles in Hispanic/Latino adults with or at-risk of non-insulin treated type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: 100 participants (79 female, 86% Hispanic/Latino [predominantly Mexican], age 54·6 [±12·0] years) stratified into (i) at risk of T2D, (ii) with pre-diabetes (pre-T2D), and (iii) with non-insulin treated T2D, wore blinded CGMs for 2 weeks. Beyond standardized CGM measures (average glucose, glucose variability, time in 70–140 mg/dL and 70–180 mg/dL ranges), we also examined additional CGM measures based on the time of day. Findings: Standardized CGM measures were significantly different for participants with T2D compared to at-risk and pre-T2D participants (p
Published: 2021

189. 16. Evaluation of UHF technology in transportation of cattle

Author: Carol-Anne Duthie, Alistair Robson, David Kerr, J M Bowen, and Lewis Mackenzie
Subjects: Engineering, Ultra high frequency, business.industry, business, Automotive engineering
Published: 2021

190. A study of decodable breathing patterns for augmentative and alternative communication

Author: Yasmin Elsahar, Vipul Kaushik, David Kerr, Atul Gaur, Kaddour Bouazza-Marouf, Will Wade, Sijung Hu, and Paul Hewett
Subjects: Dynamic time warping, Biometrics, Computer science, Speech recognition, media_common.quotation_subject, 0206 medical engineering, Healthy subjects, Health Informatics, 02 engineering and technology, 020601 biomedical engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Breathing pattern, Augmentative and alternative communication, Signal Processing, Still face, Conversation, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Decoding methods, media_common
Abstract: People who use high-tech augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) solutions still face restrictions in terms of practical utilization of present AAC devices, especially when speech impairment is compounded with motor disabilities. This study aims to explore an effective way to decode breathing patterns for AAC by the means of a breath activated dynamic air pressure detection system (DAPDS) and supervised machine learning (ML). The aim is to detect a user’s modulated breathing patterns (MBPs) and turn them into synthesized messages for conversation with the outside world. MBPs are processed using a one-nearest neighbor (1-NN) algorithm with variations of dynamic time warping (DTW) to produce synthesized machine spoken words (SMSW) at managed complexities and speeds. An ethical approved protocol was conducted with the participation of 25 healthy subjects to create a library of 1500 MBPs corresponding to four different classes. A mean systematic classification accuracy of 91.97 % was obtained using the current configuration. The implications from the study indicate that an improved AAC solution and speaking biometrics decoding could be undertaken in the future.
Published: 2021

191. Delayed Effect of Alcohol on Hormonal Counter-Regulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes: 206-OR

Author: RICHARDSON, TRISTAN, WEISS, MELANIE, ROBERT, SHERWIN, and DAVID, KERR
Published: 2006

192. Teaching Controversial Issues Through Education for Democratic Citizenship and Human Rights : Training Pack for Teachers

Author: David Kerr, Ted Huddleston, David Kerr, and Ted Huddleston
Subjects: Human rights--Study and teaching--Europe, Citizenship--Study and teaching--Europe
Abstract: A professional development programme for teachers, designed to support and promote the teaching of controversial issues in schools in Europe. This publication offers practical guidance, support and training to help strengthen the handling of controversial issues in schools and other educational settings. It seeks to help teachers, leaders and trainers to effectively address controversial issues as part of their everyday professional practice. This is essential if education is to equip children and young people with the competences needed to protect and defend human rights, democracy and the rule of law, to participate effectively and to live peacefully with others in our culturally diverse societies.
Published: 2020

193. Diabetes Digital Health

Author: David C. Klonoff, David Kerr, Shelagh A. Mulvaney, David C. Klonoff, David Kerr, and Shelagh A. Mulvaney
Subjects: Patient compliance, Diabetes--Computer network resources
Abstract: Diabetes Digital Health brings together the multifaceted information surrounding the science of digital health from an academic, regulatory, industrial, investment and cybersecurity perspective. Clinicians and researchers who are developing and evaluating mobile apps for diabetes patients will find this essential reading, as will industry people whose companies are developing mobile apps and sensors. - Provides valuable information for clinicians, researchers and industry about the design and evaluation of patient-facing diabetes adherence technologies - Highlights cutting-edge topics that are presented and discussed at the Digital Diabetes Congress
Published: 2020

194. Citizenship and the economic crisis in Europe: An introduction

Author: Bryony Hoskins, Liyuan Liu, and David Kerr
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 050401 social sciences methods, 050301 education, General Social Sciences, Citizen journalism, Social issues, Blame, Austerity, 0504 sociology, Political economy, Financial crisis, Development economics, Unemployment, media_common.cataloged_instance, Sociology, European union, 0503 education, Citizenship, media_common
Abstract: This article analyses the changing nature of Active and Participatory Citizenship in Europe during the period of the financial crisis from 2008–2015 and introduces the special issue which has a focus on this topic. This article and the accompanying special issue shed light on the current critical situation in Europe, how we got here and provides critical insights on where we may be headed. The findings of the research show that during the period of the economic crisis the European Union (EU) was seen to take a leadership role championing austerity and neoliberal economic policies whilst many of its citizens suffered and began to lose trust in the EU, its institutions and leaders. National politicians often successfully shifted blame to the EU for domestic policies that made citizens and public services suffer in the name of austerity for recovery. At the same time, Active and Participatory Citizenship policies received major cuts to funding, as part of the austerity drive, and were no longer considered a policy priority at both the European and the national level as concerns about mounting unemployment and a skills crisis took over. In addition, there was a general policy shift from cosmopolitan European Citizenship to a more nationalistic and, reactive citizenship driven by responses to pressing social issues such as extremism, radicalisation, migration and violence. The article concludes that in order to maintain the European project the Active and Participatory agenda needs to urgently be restored to give people a sense of belonging and ownership of Europe.
Published: 2016

195. Self-reported and objectively measured physical activity levels among Hispanic/Latino adults with type 2 diabetes

Author: Wendy C. Bevier, Charis B. Hoppe, Jessikah Morales Glass, Kong Y. Chen, Arianna J. Larez, David Kerr, and Namino M. Glantz
Subjects: physical activity and health, Male, Research design, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Hispanic, Psychological intervention, Physical activity, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Clinical Care/Education/Nutrition, Diseases of the endocrine glands. Clinical endocrinology, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, exercise, business.industry, Hispanic or Latino, Middle Aged, RC648-665, medicine.disease, Actigraphy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Physical therapy, Female, Observational study, type 2 diabetes, Self Report, business, Body mass index
Abstract: ObjectiveIn the USA, minority populations face a disproportionate burden from type 2 diabetes (T2D), in whom physical activity (PA) is recommended. The aim of this study was to determine levels of PA among a community of free-living Hispanic/Latino adults with T2D using a research accelerometer, a consumer device and a pictogram self-assessment questionnaire.Research design and methodsThis was a cross-sectional, observational study. Participants (57 women and 31 men, body mass index (kg/m2) 32.2±7.9 and 29.9±4.5, waist circumference 97.1±30.1 and 93.7±33.0 cm and hemoglobin A1c 8.0±2.0 and 8.1%±1.8%, respectively) wore an ActiGraph (AG) on the hip and a Fitbit (FB) on the wrist for 1 week to estimate daily steps and energy expenditure (EE). Participants reported type and intensity of PA using English-language or Spanish-language pictograms and a 10-point Likert scale (1=‘not active’ to 10=‘very, very active’).ResultsSteps per day were not normally distributed; AG median steps/weekday (Monday–Friday) was 6990 (range 1091–25 884) compared with 9329 (288–31 669) using FB (p≤0.01). Both devices recorded significantly more steps on weekdays versus weekends (p≤0.05). EE was also higher during the week. AG and FB were highly correlated to each other (pConclusionsBoth objectively measured and self-reported levels of PA in Hispanic/Latino adults with T2D challenge the assumption that lack of PA may be commonplace for this group. AG and FB are different in their measurement of PA but are significantly correlated. New strategies, including use of pictograms, for interventions need to be considered if further increases or changes in PA are to be used as T2D therapy.Trial registration numberNCT03736486
Published: 2020

196. 32. Political Realism and Russia

Author: David Kerr
Published: 2018

197. Corrosion, erosion and oxidation of new cemented carbides

Author: David Kerr
Published: 2018

198. History

Author: David Kerr
Published: 2018

199. Almost finiteness and the small boundary property

Author: David Kerr and Gábor Szabó
Subjects: Pure mathematics, Conjecture, Group (mathematics), 010102 general mathematics, Mathematics - Operator Algebras, Boundary (topology), Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, Dynamical Systems (math.DS), Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Crossed product, Metrization theorem, 0103 physical sciences, FOS: Mathematics, Countable set, 010307 mathematical physics, 0101 mathematics, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Uniform property, Operator Algebras (math.OA), Mathematical Physics, Mathematics
Abstract: Working within the framework of free actions of countable amenable groups on compact metrizable spaces, we show that the small boundary property is equivalent to a density version of almost finiteness, which we call almost finiteness in measure, and that under this hypothesis the properties of almost finiteness, comparison, and $m$-comparison for some nonnegative integer $m$ are all equivalent. The proof combines an Ornstein-Weiss tiling argument with the use of zero-dimensional extensions which are measure-isomorphic over singleton fibres. These kinds of extensions are also employed to show that if every free action of a given group on a zero-dimensional space is almost finite then so are all free actions of the group on spaces with finite covering dimension. Combined with recent results of Downarowicz-Zhang and Conley-Jackson-Marks-Seward-Tucker-Drob on dynamical tilings and of Castillejos-Evington-Tikuisis-White-Winter on the Toms-Winter conjecture, this implies that crossed product C$^*$-algebras arising from free minimal actions of groups with local subexponential growth on finite-dimensional spaces are classifiable in the sense of Elliott's program. We show furthermore that, for free actions of countably infinite amenable groups, the small boundary property implies that the crossed product has uniform property $\Gamma$, which under minimality confirms the Toms-Winter conjecture for such crossed products by the aforementioned work of Castillejos-Evington-Tikuisis-White-Winter., Comment: 32 pages, minor changes
Published: 2018

200. Ocho Pasos a la Buena Salud (Eight Steps to Better Health)—A Diabetes Education Program for Low-Literacy Latinos With or at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes (T2D)

Author: Ceara Axelrod, Jamie Creason, Mary M. Conneely, Wendy C. Bevier, David Kerr, and Jenifer Swartzentruber
Subjects: Stress management, medicine.medical_specialty, 030505 public health, Waist, business.industry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Diabetes education, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Low literacy, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Family medicine, Health care, Internal Medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, Psychology, business, Glycemic
Abstract: Ocho Pasos (Eight Steps) is a culturally relevant diabetes education program designed for low-income, low literacy Latino adults. The main focus is to improve health for those challenged with multiple socio-economic barriers. Classes are taught in Spanish over 8 weeks in a community setting. Diabetes-friendly diet modifications, compatible with culturally appropriate food traditions (e.g., reducing Tortilla consumption), are emphasized. Education, covering T2D risk factors, self-monitoring, stress management, and physical activity, is delivered using images, food models, and visual and tactile teaching aids. HBA1C [A1C Now® (PTS Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN)], BMI, and waist circumference (WC), are measured at first and last classes. Between July 2015- Dec 2017, 478 adults were enrolled with complete pre- and post-class data available for 127 [77% women]. Of these 38 had HBA1C ≥6.5%, 43 between 5.7-6.4%, and 46 5 classes. Ocho Pasos a la Buena Salud is an effective diabetes education program for Latinos who face serious health care challenges for achieving optimal glycemic control or prevention of T2D. Disclosure J. Creason: None. M.M. Conneely: None. C. Axelrod: None. W.C. Bevier: None. J. Swartzentruber: None. D. Kerr: Advisory Panel; Self; Glooko, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Eli Lilly and Company. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Sanofi-Aventis. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Cellnovo. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc..
Published: 2018

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