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The effect of plant cultivar on the degree of mycorrhization and the benefits mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been documented in many crops. In apple, a wide variety of rootstocks are commercially available; however, it is not clear whether some rootstock genotypes are more susceptible to mycorrhization than others and/or whether AMF species identity influences rootstock compatibility. This study addresses these questions by directly testing the ability/efficacy of four different AMF species (Rhizophagus irregularis, Septoglomus deserticola, Claroideoglomus claroideum or Claroideoglomus etunicatum) to colonize a variety of commercially available Geneva apple rootstock genotypes (G.11, G.41, G.210, G.969, and G.890). Briefly, micropropagated plantlets were inoculated with individual species of AMF or were not inoculated. The effects of the rootstock genotype/AMF interaction on mycorrhization, plant growth, and/or leaf nutrient concentrations were assessed. We found that both rootstock genotype and the identity of the AMF are significant sources of variation affecting the percentage of colonization. However, these factors largely operate independently in terms of the extent of root colonization. Among the AMF tested, C. etunicatum and R. irregularis represented the most compatible fungal partners, regardless of apple rootstock genotype. Among the rootstocks tested, semi-dwarfing rootstocks appeared to have an advantage over dwarfing rootstocks in regard to establishing and maintaining associations with AMF. Nutrient uptake and plant growth outcomes were also influenced in a rootstock genotype/AMF species-specific manner. Our findings suggest that matching host genetics with compatible AMF species has the potential to enhance agricultural practices in nursery and orchard systems.

The article suggests a Value Proposition (VP) framework that enables analysis of the beneficial impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) resources and capabilities on specific VP activities. To develop such a framework, we examined existing business and management research publications to identify and extract assertions that could be used as a source of actionable insights for early-stage growth-oriented companies. The extracted assertions were assembled into a corpus of texts that was subjected to topic modelling analysis—a machine learning approach to natural language processing that is used to identify latent themes in large corpora of text documents. The topic modelling resulted in the identification of seven topics. Each topic is defined by a set of most frequent words co-occurring in a distinctive subset of texts that could be interpreted in terms of activities constituting the core elements of the VP framework. We then examined each activity in terms of its potential to be enhanced by employing AI resources and capabilities. The interpretation of the topic modelling results led to the identification of seven topics: (1) Value created; (2) Stakeholder value propositions; (3) Foreign market entry; (4) Customer base; (5) Continuous improvement; (6) Cross-border operations; and (7) Company image. The uniqueness of the adopted topic modelling approach consists in the quality of the assertions and the interpretation of the seven topics as an activity framework, i.e., in its capacity to generate actionable insights for practitioners. The additional analysis suggests that there is a potential for AI to enhance the emerging four core elements of the VP framework: Value created, Stakeholder value propositions, Foreign market entry, and Customer base. More importantly, we found that the greatest number of assertions related to activities that could be enhanced by AI are part of the Customer base topic, i.e., the topic that is most directly related to the growth potential of the companies. In addition, the VP framework suggests that a company’s customer base growth is continuously enhanced through a positive loop enabled by activities focused on the Continuous improvement of the activities and the amount of Value created, the alignment of Stakeholder value propositions, and companies’ Foreign market entry. Thus, the multiple-stakeholder perspective on VP development and foreign market entry appears as a factor that helps in understanding the beneficial impact of AI on the enhancement of the VP of early-stage growth-oriented companies.

Cancer remains one of the global leading causes of death and various vaccines have been developed over the years against it, including cell-based, nucleic acid-based, and viral-based cancer vaccines. Although many vaccines have been effective in in vivo and clinical studies and some have been FDA-approved, there are major limitations to overcome: (1) developing one universal vaccine for a specific cancer is difficult, as tumors with different antigens are different for different individuals, (2) the tumor antigens may be similar to the body’s own antigens, and (3) there is the possibility of cancer recurrence. Therefore, developing personalized cancer vaccines with the ability to distinguish between the tumor and the body’s antigens is indispensable. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of cancer vaccines and highlights important factors necessary for developing efficient cancer vaccines. Moreover, the application of other technologies in cancer therapy is discussed. Finally, several insights and conclusions are presented, such as the possibility of using cold plasma and cancer stem cells in developing future cancer vaccines, to tackle the major limitations in the cancer vaccine developmental process.

The satellite Earth observation (EO) sector is burgeoning with hundreds of commercial satellites being launched each year, delivering a rich source of data that could be exploited for societal benefit. Data streams from the growing number of commercial satellites are of variable quality, limiting the potential for their combined use in science applications that need long time-series data from multiple sources. The quality of calibration performed on optical sensors onboard many satellite systems is highly variable due to calibration methods, sensor design, mission objective, budget, or other operational constraints. A small number of currently operating well-characterised satellite systems with onboard calibration, such as Landsat-8/9 and Sentinel-2, and planned future missions, like the NASA Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Pathfinder, the European Space Agency (ESA)’s Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial and Helio Studies (TRUTHS), and LIBRA from China, are considered benchmarks for optical data quality due to their traceability to international measurement standards. This paper describes the concept of a space-based transfer calibration radiometer called the Satellite Cross-Calibration Radiometer (SCR) that would enable the calibration parameters from satellites such as Landsat-8/9, Sentinel-2, or other benchmark systems to be transferred to a range of commercial optical EO satellite systems while in orbit. A description of the key characteristics of the SCR to successfully operate in orbit and transfer calibration from reference systems to client systems is presented. A system like the SCR in orbit could complement SI-Traceable satellites (SITSats) to improve data quality and consistency and facilitate the interoperable use of data from multiple optical sensor systems for delivering higher returns on the global investment in EO.

Background Nowadays, technological advances enable instant data collection in a secure and confidential manner. Integrating electronic data capture technologies into the online clinical trial design, has been rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and logistics of the online clinical trial model in osteoarthritis. Methods We used Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap), a versatile and secure database, as the data management platform. Without face-to-face interactions, the majority of the communications among investigators and between investigators and participants were through the REDCap platform. The embedded randomisation procedure was also completed on the same platform. Results We developed the online trial model in a 12-week, phase II, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial (RCT) investigating the efficacy and safety of a supplement combination in people with hand osteoarthritis (RADIANT study). We replicated the same platform and questionnaire model to a larger hybrid RCT, a phase III, two-year placebo-controlled trial investigating the use of stem cells in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (SCUlpTOR study). In the RADIANT study, we screened 301 participants within five months’ timeframe between October 2019 and March 2020 during the pandemic of COVID. 106 eligible participants were randomised, and the adherence rate was 100%. By leveraging advanced REDCap features, including custom record status dashboards, automated alerts and notifications, text messaging integration via Twilio, and comprehensive project dashboards, we significantly enhanced the efficiency of the recruitment process and participant management. These improvements also effectively reduced the survey burden on participants, contributing to the overall success and robustness of our data collection methodology. In the SCUlpTOR study, we successfully completed the recruitment between May 2021 to Nov 2023 in two sites with screening of 10,110 participants and eventually 321 participants were randomised. The visualisation of the process provides an efficient system to adjust the recruitment strategy in a cost-effective and efficient manner (Figure 1). Conclusion This online trial implementation and data management system successfully work for RCT recruitment and conduction. The two well-performed trials prove the feasibility of online clinic trial model. This is particularly important in the post-COVID era when face-to-face interactions may be limited. However, the incorporation of technology and secure data management system in the implementation of RCT is still underexplored. Further validation is needed to generalize this method to a broader trial design in other medical disorders.

Background Type I interferons are cytokines involved in innate immunity against viruses. Genetic disorders of type I interferon regulation are associated with a range of autoimmune and cerebrovascular phenotypes. Carriers of pathogenic variants involved in genetic disorders of type I interferons are generally considered asymptomatic. Preliminary data suggests, however, that genetically determined dysregulation of type I interferon responses is associated with autoimmunity, and may also be relevant to sporadic cerebrovascular disease and dementia. We aim to determine whether functional variants in genes involved in type I interferon regulation and signalling are associated with the risk of autoimmunity, stroke, and dementia in a population cohort. Methods We will perform a hypothesis-driven candidate pathway association study of type I interferon-related genes using rare variants in the UK Biobank (UKB). We will manually curate type I interferon regulation and signalling genes from a literature review and Gene Ontology, followed by clinical and functional filtering. Variants of interest will be included based on pre-defined clinical relevance and functional annotations (using LOFTEE, M-CAP and a minor allele frequency

Introduction Cardiogenic shock (CS) complicates 5%–15% of cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with inpatient mortality greater than 40%. The implementation of standardised protocols may improve clinical outcomes in patients with AMI-CS.Methods and analysis The Durango model is a prospective single-centre registry designed to enable early identification of patients with STEMI-CS to facilitate primary reperfusion therapy with a shock team management algorithm in a rural level II heart attack centre. This prospective registry includes all patients >18 years of age presenting with STEMI with or without CS beginning on 1 February 2023. The primary outcome measures are adherence to model-based documentation of SCAI shock Classification prehospital and in the ED with appropriate STEMI shock alert for AMI and stages C, D, E shock; use of mechanical circulatory support Pre-PCI and door to support time

Purpose To test an online training course for non-ophthalmic diabetic retinopathy (DR) graders for recognition of glaucomatous optic nerves in Vietnam.Methods This was an uncontrolled, experimental, before-and-after study in which 43 non-ophthalmic DR graders underwent baseline testing on a standard image set, completed a self-paced, online training course and were retested using the same photographs presented randomly. Twenty-nine local ophthalmologists completed the same test without the training course. DR graders then underwent additional one–to-one training by a glaucoma specialist and were retested. Test performance (% correct, compared with consensus grades from four fellowship-trained glaucoma experts), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and area under the receiver operating (AUC) curve, were computed.Results Mean age of DR graders (32.6±5.5 years) did not differ from ophthalmologists (32.3±7.3 years, p=0.13). Online training required a mean of 297.9 (SD 144.6) minutes. Graders’ mean baseline score (33.3%±14.3%) improved significantly after training (55.8%±12.6%, p

In hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney injury (HRS-AKI), accurate and early diagnosis is crucial. HRS is a severe condition seen in advanced cirrhosis, requiring prompt recognition and proper management to enhance patient outcomes. Diagnosis of HRS-AKI relies on serum creatinine elevations, similar to other AKI cases in cirrhosis. However, distinguishing HRS-AKI from other renal impairments in these patients can be challenging. Biomarkers and clinical criteria aid in diagnosis and guide treatment. The management of HRS-AKI initially involves improving the haemodynamic profile using albumin and vasoconstrictors like terlipressin, a synthetic vasopressin analogue. Despite some reports linking terlipressin to increased adverse events compared with norepinephrine, it remains the preferred choice in HRS-AKI and acute-on-chronic liver failure due to its faster, stronger response and improved survival. Additional therapies like midodrine (alpha-1 adrenergic agonist), octreotide (somatostatin analogue) and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt are proposed as adjuvant treatments for HRS-AKI, aiming to improve vasoconstriction and renal blood flow. However, these adjunctive therapies cannot replace the definitive treatment for HRS-AKI—liver transplantation (LT). In cases unresponsive to medical management, LT is the only option to restore liver function and improve renal outcomes. Current evidence favours combined liver and kidney transplantation (CLKT) in certain situations. This review aims to evaluate the present evidence and recommendations on AKI in patients with cirrhosis, the pathophysiology of HRS-AKI, different treatments and indications for LT and CLKT. Understanding the complexities of managing HRS-AKI is crucial for optimising patient care and achieving better outcomes in this challenging clinical setting.

For low-temperature thermoelectric applications, a bulk-phase inorganic/organic composite is prepared by introducing a conducting polymer, which is recognized as a potential organic thermoelectric material, into a representative inorganic thermoelectric material (n-type Bi2Te3). A conducting polymer, PEDOT:PSS, was chosen to prepare the Bi2Te3/PEDOT:PSS composite, wherein an intimate interface was formed between Bi2Te3 and PEDOT:PSS. The work function difference between Bi2Te3 and PEDOT:PSS created an energy barrier at the interface, possibly facilitating selective charge carrier transport depending on the energy levels of the carrier (i.e., energy filtering effect), thereby contributing to an enhancement in the Seebeck coefficient. The composite exhibited a completely different bipolar conduction tendency from pristine Bi2Te3, inducing a significant variation in the temperature dependence of the Seebeck coefficient. Furthermore, the interface may affect the carrier and phonon scattering probabilities, resulting in a considerable reduction in thermal conductivity. The composite adjustment was intensively studied to regulate the electrical and thermal properties using the energy filtering effect along with the carrier and phonon scattering probabilities, resulting in a noticeably enhanced thermoelectric performance. The temperature dependence of the performance was effectively adjusted using the bipolar conduction tendency, thereby affording the Bi2Te3/PEDOT:PSS composite exhibiting consistently high ZT values over the wide temperature range of 25–275 °C. The thermoelectric performance of Bi2Te3/PEDOT:PSS was competitive with that of previously reported high-performance n-type Bi2Te3-based analogs. The Bi2Te3/PEDOT:PSS composite is a promising n-type candidate for diverse low-temperature thermoelectric applications as a p-type Bi2Te3 counterpart.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) appears capable of detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) with a high degree of accuracy in adults; however, there are few studies in children and young adults. Methods: Children and young adults (3-26 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were screened at the Dhaka BIRDEM-2 hospital, Bangladesh. All gradable fundus images were uploaded to Cybersight AI for interpretation. Two main outcomes were considered at a patient level: 1) Any DR, defined as mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR or more severe; and 2) Referable DR, defined as moderate NPDR or more severe. Diagnostic test performance comparing Orbis International’s Cybersight AI with the reference standard, a fully qualified optometrist certified in DR grading, was assessed using the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), area under the precision-recall curve (AUC-PR), sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. Results: Among 1274 participants (53.1% female, mean age 16.7 years), 19.4% (n = 247) had any DR according to AI. For referable DR, 2.35% (n = 30) were detected by AI. The sensitivity and specificity of AI for any DR were 75.5% (CI 69.7-81.3%) and 91.8% (CI 90.2-93.5%) respectively, and for referable DR, these values were 84.2% (CI 67.8-100%) and 98.9% (CI 98.3%-99.5%). The MCC, AUC-ROC and the AUC-PR for referable DR were 63.4, 91.2 and 76.2% respectively. AI was most successful in accurately classifying younger children with shorter duration of diabetes. Conclusions: Cybersight AI accurately detected any DR and referable DR among children and young adults, despite its algorithms having been trained on adults. The observed high specificity is particularly important to avoid over-referral in low-resource settings. AI may be an effective tool to reduce demands on scarce physician resources for the care of children with diabetes in low-resource settings.

Electric Field Assisted Sintering (EFAS, also referred to as spark plasma sintering) is a powerful technology for the consolidation of powder materials. The high heating rate during the sintering process is critical for minimizing energy consumption, but it can also cause microstructure heterogeneities in sintered parts, such as spatially varied porosity. The examination of localized porosity usually requires the use of a scanning electron microscope with a carefully prepared surface. In this paper, photothermal radiometry is used to measure local thermal diffusivity and extract localized porosity of EFAS-sintered parts by using a percolation-threshold model. Applying this approach, we identified the radial position-dependent porosity variation in EFAS parts, which is likely formed due to the large temperature gradient during the sintering process. This approach has a unique advantage because it can measure samples with minimal or no surface preparation, enabling the possibility of in situ characterization in EFAS with proper system modification. Necessary modifications on the measurement approach for EFAS deployment and in situ characterization are also discussed.

Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are essential nutrients necessary for plant growth and support life in aquatic ecosystems. However, excessive N and P can lead to algal blooms that deplete oxygen and lead to fish death and the release of toxins that are harmful to humans. Estimates of N and P levels in rivers are typically calculated at station or grid (>1 km) scale; therefore, it is difficult to visualise the evolution of water quality as water travels downstream. Using a high-resolution reach-scale river network and associating each reach with land cover fractions and catchment descriptors, we trained random forest models on aggregated data (2010–2020) from the Environmental Agency Open Water Quality Data Archive for 2,343 stations to predict long-term nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations at each river reach in Great Britain (GB). We separated the model training and predictions for different seasons to investigate the potential difference in feature importance. Our model predicted concentrations with an average testing coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.71 for nitrate and 0.58 for orthophosphate using 5-fold cross-validation. Our model showed slightly better performance for higher Strahler stream orders, highlighting the challenges of making predictions in small streams. Our results revealed that arable and horticultural land use is the strongest and most reliable predictor for nitrate, while floodplain extents and standard percentage runoff are stronger predictors for orthophosphate. Nationally, higher orthophosphate concentrations were observed in urbanised areas. This study shows how combining a river network model with machine learning can easily provide a river network understanding of the spatial distribution of water quality levels.

Abstract Nuclear architecture underlies the transcriptional programs within the cell to establish cell identity. As previously demonstrated, long-range chromatin interactions of the Oct4 distal enhancer (DE) are correlated with active transcription in naïve state embryonic stem cells. Here, we identify and characterize extreme long-range interactions of the Oct4 DE through a novel CRISPR labeling technique we developed and chromosome conformation capture to identify lethal giant larvae 2 (Llgl2) and growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 (Grb7) as putative functional interacting target genes in different chromosomes. We show that the Oct4 DE directly regulates expression of Llgl2 and Grb7 in addition to Oct4. Expression of Llgl2 and Grb7 closely correlates with the pluripotent state, where knock down of either result in loss of pluripotency, and overexpression enhances somatic cell reprogramming. We demonstrated that biologically important interactions of the Oct4 DE can occur at extreme distances that are necessary for the maintenance of the pluripotent state.

This study identifies a method to create fine-grained multilayer maps of the Internet’s structure, which are currently lacking. We begin with an investigation of current techniques for geolocating hosts using passive, active, and hybrid methods. This is followed by a survey of the fundamental problems that IP geolocation techniques must address. The survey points to the obvious difficulties in using Delay-Distance models and suggests that the use of Return Trip Times can lead to highly misleading results. We therefore develop a new procedure that combines state-of-the-art methods to avoid many of the fundamental problems in Internet topology mapping, whilst creating finer-grained internet maps than those currently available. This procedure is tested on the UK infrastructure by conducting a series of tests using distributed measurement points provided by the RIPE Atlas platform. Our results show that we can accurately geolocate routers between two endpoints to create a fine-grained map of the internet infrastructure involved in our measurements. Researchers have long recognized the scarcity of ground truth datasets where IP geolocation is a concern. As a byproduct of our new method reported in this paper, we create a validation dataset that maps hundreds of IP addresses to geo-coordinate landmarks or vantage points, which is highly desirable for IP geolocation research. Finally, we discuss some limitations of this method, and we summarise the next steps toward accurate and complete Internet infrastructure maps.

A 24-year-old woman visited our emergency department due to intermittent dull pain in the right eye, blurred vision, foreign body sensation for 3 weeks, and progressive facial rash with pustules for 3 months. She had a history of recurring skin rash on her face and extremities since early adolescence. Peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) was diagnosed based on slit-lamp examination and corneal topography and then granulomatous rosacea (GR) based on clinical manifestations and skin pathology. Topical prednisolone, artificial tears, oral doxycycline, oral prednisolone, and topical clindamycin were administered. After 1 month, PUK progressed to corneal perforation probably due to eye rubbing. The corneal lesion was repaired with a glycerol-preserved corneal graft. A dermatologist prescribed oral isotretinoin for 2 months in conjunction with topical betamethasone gradually tapered for 14 months. After 34 months of follow-up, no signs of skin and ocular recurrence were noted, and the cornea graft was intact. In conclusion, PUK may present with GR, and oral isotretinoin may be an effective therapy for PUK in the setting of GR.

Gestionar los procesos logísticos resulta esencial para cualquier organización, porque su correcto control y gestión optimizarán sus procesos evitando gastos innecesarios, incrementando la productividad y calidad ofrecida al usuario del servicio, por lo cual, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar en qué medida se relaciona la gestión logística y la calidad del servicio interno en el área logística del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. El tipo de investigación fue básica de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y de nivel descriptivo y correlacional. El resultado fue un valor de (r=0,282, p=0.001) para la gestión logística y calidad de servicio; (r=0,245, p=0.005) para aprovisionamiento y calidad de servicio; (r=0,270, p=0.002) para producción y calidad de servicio; (r=0,274, p=0.001) para distribución y calidad de servicio. Se concluye que existe una relación lineal, baja y directa entre las variables de estudio, por lo que, a mayor rango de una, mayor crecimiento de la otra variable. Se recomienda promover la sistematización de la gestión logística a fin de asegurar la calidad del servicio.

Additive manufacturing of titanium porous structures by direct ink writing involves the removal of the binder needed for powder extrusion and subsequent sintering to consolidate the 3D-plotted body. In this work, pressure-less spark plasma sintering (PL-SPS) was systematically studied for fast consolidation of titanium porous structures. Furthermore, poloxamer 407 was used as the binder and the lowest temperature possible was identified for its thermal elimination. The results show for the first time that PL-SPS generated sintering conditions similar to those generated by conventional pressure-less sintering, producing hierarchical titanium porous structures with equivalent densification, shrinkage, and surface roughness, but with minimal grain growth. The thermal responses of the die and material showed efficient radiation heat transfer, allowing fast heating (100 °C/min) of one sample per run, promoting the formation of sintering necks and powder densification in 10 min, which is much faster than conventional sintering that requires at least 2 h of dwell time. However, the process operates at a sintering temperature 200–300 °C above the conventional sintering temperature, and at the expense of high consumption of electrical energy to achieve such a high heating rate. The mechanical strength of the resulting titanium structures increases with increasing strand densification at nearly constant strand separation, resulting in strong and plastic porous structures.

Assuring competencies in graduates from architecture school is a challenging task nowadays. The swift development of architectural-related technologies has staged an urgency for rethinking what the relevant competencies are. On the contrary, redefining competencies is unfavorable for architectural practices. Such circumstances put architectural education in an awkward position, especially as institutions are expected to produce future practicing architects; still, at the same time, graduates should be equipped with scholarly research tools. The former and the latter competencies are frequently incoherent.In this visual essay, I would like to argue that repositioning architectural education – in the form of what Michel de Certeau calls ‘tactics’ – is in line with the nature of design knowledge. In this way, students would have sufficient knowledge and skills to navigate the current situation and have no problem in the compliance with standardization.

Abstract To prevent yield losses caused by climate change, it is important to identify naturally tolerant genotypes with traits and related pathways that can be targeted for crop improvement. Here we report on the characterization of contrasting vegetative heat tolerance in two UK bread wheat varieties. Under chronic heat stress, the heat‐tolerant cultivar Cadenza produced an excessive number of tillers which translated into more spikes and higher grain yield compared to heat‐sensitive Paragon. RNAseq and metabolomics analyses revealed that over 5000 genotype‐specific genes were differentially expressed, including photosynthesis‐related genes, which might explain the observed ability of Cadenza to maintain photosynthetic rate under heat stress. Around 400 genes showed a similar heat‐response in both genotypes. Only 71 genes showed a genotype × temperature interaction. As well as known heat‐responsive genes such as heat shock proteins (HSPs), several genes that have not been previously linked to the heat response, particularly in wheat, have been identified, including dehydrins, ankyrin‐repeat protein‐encoding genes, and lipases. Contrary to primary metabolites, secondary metabolites showed a highly differentiated heat response and genotypic differences. These included benzoxazinoid (DIBOA, DIMBOA), and phenylpropanoids and flavonoids with known radical scavenging capacity, which was assessed via the DPPH assay. The most highly heat‐induced metabolite was (glycosylated) propanediol, which is widely used in industry as an anti‐freeze. To our knowledge, this is the first report on its response to stress in plants. The identified metabolites and candidate genes provide novel targets for the development of heat‐tolerant wheat.

This article revises critical works and contributions by Robert Jammes in the area of studies on Luis de Góngora’s literature. Drawing from the analytical premises included in Antonio Alatorre’s extensive review of Jammes’ 1994 edition of the Soledades, («Notas sobre las Soledades. (A propósito de la edición de Robert Jammes)», (Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica, 44, 1996, pp. 57-97), this text recaptures the passion, the rigor and the knowledge with which Jammes analyzes Góngora’s poetry and, at the same time, serves as an invitation to current scholars in the field to evaluate and continue along the path pioneered by R. Jammes.

Engaging in martial combat, whether for military, self-defence or cultivation purposes, is taken to sensitise practitioners towards existential issues which in turn enliven potential religio-spiritual experiences and awakenings. In this paper, we draw on Girard’s (1977) Violence and the Sacred, and in particular his proposition that, “religion shelters us from violence just as violence seeks shelter in religion” (Girard, [1977] 2005: 25) to examine sacralisation processes in the traditional martial arts with a particular focus on highlighting how violence, sacralised through sacred imagery, is used as a structuring force to instill dispositions that counter ubiquitous human tendencies towards unfettered violence and violent vengeance. We highlight the phenomenon and function of sacred imagery used in martial arts with very different cultural, ethnic, and spiritual influences, specifically: Japanese Karate, Korean Taekwondo, Brazilian Capoeira and Mexican Xilam. For authenticity, each section is written by an experienced scholar-practitioner of the art and combines literary, empirical, and biographical reflection. Despite these variations, we identify two modalities of sacred imagery use. The first is representational imagery used as sacred signifiers which embed the art in a tradition of sacred attachment. The second form of sacred imagery is metaphorical discourse which is designed to invoke creative visualisations aligning practitioners with idealised experiential states taken to have sacred (as well as practical) value in relation to combat. We conclude that the use of sacred imagery in these ways becomes part of an affective body pedagogy used by the traditionalist martial arts to transfer valued knowledge through the corporeal medium to offset and sacralise violent tendencies. It is qualified that in practice, this sacralisation process involves complex entanglements of the cultural origins, practitioner interpretation and the contemporary context of the martial art in question. The outcome is an evolving sacralisation process which rests in constant tension with the underlying problems initiated by the ubiquitous body-in-conflict problem and the propensity for violence and violent vengeance that the learning of combative skills might otherwise unleash in the body and onto society.

Though variations exist between countries, a positive framing, a global scale and a current timeframe coupled with a focus on health or the environment elicit greater public support for climate policies, according to results of a multi-country conjoint experiment.

Abstract The Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has adopted the FAIR Guiding Principles. We present the Atlas chapter of Working Group I (WGI) as a test case. We describe the application of the FAIR principles in the Atlas, the challenges faced during its implementation, and those that remain for the future. We introduce the open source repository resulting from this process, including coding (e.g., annotated Jupyter notebooks), data provenance, and some aggregated datasets used in some figures in the Atlas chapter and its interactive companion (the Interactive Atlas), open to scrutiny by the scientific community and the general public. We describe the informal pilot review conducted on this repository to gather recommendations that led to significant improvements. Finally, a working example illustrates the re-use of the repository resources to produce customized regional information, extending the Interactive Atlas products and running the code interactively in a web browser using Jupyter notebooks.

Abstract The tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, has adjusted well to urban environments by adopting artificial water containers as oviposition sites. Its spread in temperate regions is favoured by the deposition of cold-tolerant diapausing eggs that survive winter temperatures to a certain degree. The probability of establishment in new geographical areas is estimated using predictive models usually based on meteorological data measured at coarse resolution. Here, we investigated if we could obtain more precise and realistic risk scenarios for the spread of Ae. albopictus when considering the winter microclimatic conditions of catch basins, one of the major sites of oviposition and egg overwintering in temperate urban areas. We monitored winter microclimatic conditions of catch basins in four Swiss cities and developed a regression model to predict the average microclimatic temperatures of catch basins, based on available meteorological parameters, accounting for the observed differences between cities. We then used the microclimatic model to correct the predictions of our previously developed risk model for the prediction of Ae. albopictus establishment. Comparison of the predictive model’s results based on local climate data and microclimate data indicated that the risk of establishment for Ae. albopictus in temperate urban areas increases when microhabitat temperatures are considered.