192 results on '"David F. Tate"'
Search Results
152. Brain Volume, Intracranial Volume, and Dementia
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David F. Tate and Erin D. Bigler
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Head size ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Hippocampus ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Imaging data ,Cerebral Ventricles ,Intracranial volume ,medicine ,Humans ,Dementia ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Dementia diagnosis ,Aged ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Brain ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Temporal Lobe ,Brain size ,business ,Nuclear medicine ,Head - Abstract
Using a large magnetic resonance (MR) imaging data set (n = 532), we investigated the utility of total intracranial volume (TICV) as a correction factor for head size variability when assessing total brain volume (TBV) and the subcortical volumes of the temporal horn of the lateral ventricular system and the hippocampus.A uniform tissue segmentation procedure (analyze) was used to calculate volumes. Total brain volume was compared with TICV in 357 control subjects and 175 patients with various dementing and neuropsychiatric disorders (mixed dementia/neuropsychiatric group). These MR-based TBV/TICV relationships were compared with actual postmortem (n = 87) values obtained from a study of neurologically healthy subjects at the time of death. Comparisons were also made in which temporal horn and hippocampal volumes were corrected by TICV and TBV. Lastly, the ability of corrected TBV and temporal horn and hippocampal volumes to distinguish subjects in the mixed dementia/neuropsychiatric group from controls was examined by logistic regression.In the control sample, brain volume averaged 9% of TICV, regardless of age. In contrast, TBV in the mixed dementia/neuropsychiatric subjects showed, on average, a 22% reduction compared with TICV. By plotting TBV/TICV curves, highly significant but different regression lines emerged, wherein a reduction in brain volume in conditions of mixed dementia/neuropsychiatric disorder showed a distinct separation from the norm. The TBV/TICV regression line generated from MR imaging in controls did not differ from the postmortem TBV/TICV regression line. Logistic regression showed a 96% correct classification of mixed dementia/neuropsychiatric subjects from controls by using the TBV/TICV ratio. This technique has the advantage that each subject serves as his or her own control.In cases of dementia and neuropsychiatric disorder in persons 65 and older, TBV corrected by TICV readily differentiated this clinical population from controls. This technique is easy and simple to use and has various clinical applications. For temporal horn and hippocampal volume, corrections with TBV rather than TICV may provide more clinically meaningful corrections.
- Published
- 2001
153. Fornix and Hippocampal Atrophy in Traumatic Brain Injury
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Erin D. Bigler and David F. Tate
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Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Traumatic brain injury ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Fornix, Brain ,Hippocampus ,Hippocampal formation ,Transneuronal degeneration ,Temporal lobe ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Limbic system ,Atrophy ,Reference Values ,medicine ,Humans ,Aged ,Fornix ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Brain Injuries ,Female ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
This study compared a fornix cross-sectional-area measurement and hippocampal volume in 86 traumaticbrain injury (TBI) subjects with 46 normal controls. The TBI group showed a significant reduction in fornixarea and hippocampal volume. It was also shown that initial injury severity was related to the degree ofatrophy in both structures. Although fornix size and hippocampal volume correlated, such a modestcorrelation between these two structures suggests differential and potentially independent mechanisms ofinjury. The General Memory Index score from the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised was shown to besignificantly correlated with hippocampal volume following TBI.When the neuroanatomical basis of memory and learning isdiscussed, reference typically is made to temporal lobestructures, particularly limbic system structures (D’Espositoet al. 1995; Aggleton 1999). Disorders of memory and learn-ing are common in traumatic brain injury (TBI) (Dixon et al.1993; Bigler et al. 1996), and although the neuroanatomicbasis for disordered memory in TBI has not been fully ad-dressed, the limbic system is implicated. There are severalmechanisms whereby TBI may result in pathologicalchanges in the temporal lobes. For example, with highspeed impact and/or acceleration–deceleration injuries, themedial temporal lobe is particularly vulnerable to mechani-cal deformation and contusion because of its location in themiddle cranial fossa (Levin et al. 1982; Adams et al. 1985;Sweeney 1992; Gean 1994). In addition to these tissue de-rangements resulting from direct-impact forces, perturba-tion of temporal lobe limbic structures such as the hippo-campus results in excitotoxic reactions leading to furthercellular damage or death (Faden et al. 1989; Nilsson et al.1990; Palmer et al. 1993; Fujita et al. 1996; White and Rey-nolds 1996; Shah et al. 1997). Acutely, each of these patho-logical reactions (either individually or in combination) mayresult in secondary localized edematous and vascularchanges that may add to the damage (Gean 1994). Further-more, postacutely, hippocampal deafferentation and/or de-efferentation may result in transneuronal degeneration,causing hippocampal cell death. Thus, in theory, TBI-relatedhippocampal damage may be a combination of direct injury,excitotoxic neuropathological changes, vascular compro-mise, metabolic changes, and/or transneuronal degenera-tion (Gennarelli et al. 1998).The fornix represents the major aspect of hippocampaloutput, comprised of axonal projections from the hippo-campus to the mamillary bodies (MB) (Brodal 1981; Carpen-ter and Sutin 1983). This delicate white-matter pathwayemerges from the posterior portion of the hippocampusfirst curving upward, projecting anteriorally, and then de-scending downward, as the column of the fornix, to the MB.Although not all of the axons of the fornix have their originin the hippocampus, the majority of the fibers do and it isconsidered the limbic structure that interconnects the hip-pocampus with the MB and, hence, the rest of the limbicsystem (Brodal 1981).In separate independent studies, we have shown pre-viously that trauma results in hippocampal (Bigler et al.1996, 1997) as well as fornix atrophy (Gale et al. 1993).However, none of these investigations examined the rela-tionship between hippocampal atrophy and fornix atrophy.At an anatomical level, it seems reasonable to assume thatatrophy of the hippocampus would, in some fashion, resultin proportional atrophy of the fornix, because the white-matter tracts of the fornix originate mainly from hippocam-pal neurons. On the other hand, the hippocampus is pre-dominantly a gray-matter structure housed in the mesialtemporal lobe, whereas approximately half the length of thefornix, a white-matter structure, is suspended in ventricularspace as it makes its arch from the alveus to the MB. Be-cause of the length of the axons that comprise the fornix,these long-coursing, suspended white-matter fiber tractsmay be more susceptible to shear, strain, or tensile effects.Accordingly, pathology associated with head injury may bepartly independent for these two structures because of dif-ferences in the mechanism of injury to two different tissuetypes.Lastly, because memory disorders accompany damageto either the hippocampus or fornix (D’Esposito et al. 1995;Aggleton 1999), what is the relationship between atrophyof these limbic structures and memory in TBI? To addressthese issues, hippocampal volume and fornix cross-sec-tional area were examined in TBI patients with varying de-grees of injury severity. The relationship between theseatrophic changes and memory was further studied using the
- Published
- 2000
154. Tryptophan hydroxylase polymorphisms in suicide victims
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Todd C. Grey, Doug Gray, Trisha Keller, William M. McMahon, P. Bennett, Jennifer Achilles, I. Tcaciuc, J. Workman, David F. Tate, J. Watabe, M. Bacon, and Hilary Coon
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Serotonin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Population ,Poison control ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Tryptophan Hydroxylase ,Violence ,Suicide prevention ,White People ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,Utah ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Point Mutation ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Allele ,Child ,education ,Psychiatry ,Alleles ,Biological Psychiatry ,Genetics (clinical) ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Tryptophan hydroxylase ,Introns ,Suicide ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Phenotype ,Amino Acid Substitution ,Raphe Nuclei ,Restriction fragment length polymorphism ,business ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length - Abstract
Both environmental and genetic factors appear to contribute to the risk for suicide. The serotonergic system has been implicated in depression, impulsivity and suicidality. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of serotonin. Suicide has been associated with polymorphisms in intron 7 of the TPH gene. These alleles were studied in samples from 47 deceased Caucasian males as part of the Utah Youth Suicide Study. A 918 base pair fragment spanning the region of interest was amplified. The A218C polymorphism was visualized by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and the A779C was sequenced. Neither A218C nor A779C appeared to be associated with suicide in this population. These results did not change when the sample was stratified by age (10-21 years, 22-31 years) or when violent suicides were selected. The complexity of the phenotype of suicide may reflect multiple biological and social etiologic factors, and poses a worthy challenge for genetic studies.
- Published
- 2000
155. Relationship between fractional anisotropy of cerebral white matter and metabolite concentrations measured using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in healthy adults
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S A Wijtenburg, Peter Kochunov, L. J. Hardies, David F. Tate, Laura M. Rowland, Binish Patel, Paul M. Sherman, L. E. Hong, Jack L. Lancaster, Peter T. Fox, Stephen A. McGuire, and David C. Glahn
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Adult ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Splenium ,computer.software_genre ,Corpus callosum ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,White matter ,Nuclear magnetic resonance ,Voxel ,Corona radiata ,Fractional anisotropy ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Aged ,Cerebral Cortex ,Chemistry ,Middle Aged ,White Matter ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Neurology ,nervous system ,Cerebral cortex ,Anisotropy ,Female ,Protons ,computer ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Fractional anisotropy (FA) of water diffusion in cerebral white matter (WM), derived from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is a sensitive index of microscopic WM integrity. Physiological and metabolic factors that explain intersubject variability in FA values were evaluated in two cohorts of healthy adults of different age spans (N=65, range: 28–50 years; and N=25, age=66.6±6.2, range:57–80 years). Single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to measure N-acetylaspartate (NAA), total choline-containing compounds, and total creatine, bilaterally in an associative WM tract: anterior corona radiata (ACR). FA values were calculated for the underlying, proximal and two distal WM regions. Two-stage regression analysis was used to calculate the proportion of variability in FA values explained by spectroscopy measurements, at the first stage, and subject’s age, at the second stage. WM NAA concentration explained 23% and 66% of intersubject variability (p
- Published
- 2012
156. B-37Concussion Frequency Affects Symptom Reporting but Not Objective Test Performance Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Military Service Members
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Jan E. Kennedy, Rodney D. Vanderploeg, David F. Tate, Douglas B Cooper, Amy O. Bowles, and C Glenn
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Traumatic brain injury ,Military service ,Symptom reporting ,General Medicine ,Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Military personnel ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,medicine ,Objective test ,Psychiatry ,Psychology - Published
- 2016
157. B-41Factors Associated with Treatment Response to Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) in Military Service Members
- Author
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Rodney D. Vanderploeg, David F. Tate, Glenn Curtiss, Douglas B Cooper, Amy O. Bowles, and Jan E. Kennedy
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030506 rehabilitation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Treatment response ,business.industry ,Traumatic brain injury ,Military service ,Psychological intervention ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Military personnel ,0302 clinical medicine ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine ,Cognitive rehabilitation therapy ,0305 other medical science ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Published
- 2016
158. B-30Number of Concussions Does Not Effect Treatment Response to Cognitive Rehabilitation Interventions Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Military Service Members
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Rodney D. Vanderploeg, Patrick Armistead-Jehle, David F. Tate, Glenn Curtiss, Jan E. Kennedy, Douglas B Cooper, and Amy O. Bowles
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Treatment response ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Traumatic brain injury ,Military service ,Psychological intervention ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Military personnel ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Medicine ,Cognitive rehabilitation therapy ,business - Published
- 2016
159. Recent Clinical History and Cognitive Dysfunction for Attention and Executive Function among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Patients
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Fizza S. Gillani, Karen T. Tashima, Daniel McCaffrey, Kathleen Coop, Troy Russell, Timothy P. Flanigan, Kinga Kertesz, Allison DeLong, Robert H. Paul, David F. Tate, Joseph W. Hogan, and Jared Conley
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Oncology ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Neuropsychological Tests ,medicine.disease_cause ,Developmental psychology ,Executive Function ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Association (psychology) ,Working memory ,Regression analysis ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,Original Empirical Articles ,Middle Aged ,Viral Load ,Cognitive test ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Disease Progression ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,Viral load - Abstract
This study examined the association between recent trends in CD4 and viral loads and cognitive test performance with the expectation that recent history could predict cognitive performance. Eighty-three human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with a mean CD4 count of 428 copies/ml were examined in this study (62% with undetectable plasma viral load [PVL]). We investigated the relationships between nadir CD4 cell count, 1-year trends in immunologic function/PVLs, and cognitive performance across several domains using linear regression models. Nadir CD4 cell count was predictive of current executive function (p = .004). One year clinical history for CD4 cell counts and/or PVLs were predictive of executive function, attention/working memory, and learning/memory measures (p < .05). Models that combined recent clinical history trends and nadir CD4 cell counts suggested that recent clinical trends were more important in predicting current cognitive performance for all domains except executive function. This research suggests that recent CD4 and viral load history is an important predictor of current cognitive function across several cognitive domains. If validated, clinical variables and cognitive dysfunction models may improve our understanding of the dynamic relationships between disease evolution and progression and CNS involvement.
- Published
- 2011
160. The Role of Medical Imaging in Defining CNS Abnormalities Associated with HIV-Infection and Opportunistic Infections
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Jeffrey Dewey, Daniel McCaffrey, David F. Tate, Daniel Branson, and Rola Khedraki
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Pharmacology ,Central Nervous System ,Diagnostic Imaging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Modalities ,Neurology ,AIDS Dementia Complex ,AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections ,business.industry ,Central nervous system ,Context (language use) ,HIV Infections ,Bioinformatics ,Article ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Medical imaging ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Neurology (clinical) ,Neurosurgery ,business ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
In this review of the current literature, we examine the role of medical imaging in providing new and relevant information on central nervous system (CNS) injury associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and various clinical manifestations of this injury. Common imaging modalities used to examine CNS injury in HIV infection include structural magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI, and positron emissions tomography. Clinical implications for the findings are discussed for each of these modalities individually and collectively. In addition, the direction for future studies is suggested in an attempt to provide possible methods that might answer the many questions that remain to be answered on the evolution and progression of CNS injury in the context of HIV infection.
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- 2011
161. HIV–AIDS: The Neurologic and Cognitive Consequences of HIV-1 Infection
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Kinga Kertesz, Robert H. Paul, David F. Tate, Jared J Conley, and Troy Russell
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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,business.industry ,Pandemic ,medicine ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,business ,Virus ,Demography - Abstract
Relatively speaking, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a recent epidemic and was only first identified in the mid 1980s. Since this time, it has become clear that HIV is an efficient negative moderator of host immune function with deadly consequences. In fact, it is estimated that nearly 60 million people have died from the consequences of the virus since the mid 1980s. Despite our current efforts at education and prevention, we continue to see increases in the number of new infections (2.5 million) each year with an estimated 33 million people throughout the world currently infected. Sub-Saharan Africa bears the brunt of the pandemic with more than half the world’s infections occurring within the region (~25 million). With infections occurring across the globe, HIV truly is a global pandemic with significant economic, political, and social ramifications.
- Published
- 2010
162. A novel interface for interactive exploration of DTI fibers
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Huamin Qu, Song Zhang, Qunsheng Peng, David F. Tate, J.A. Crow, Zi'ang Ding, Stephen Correia, Wei Chen, Zhicheng Yan, and A. MacKay-Brandt
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Computer science ,Swine ,OpenGL ,Models, Biological ,Rendering (computer graphics) ,User-Computer Interface ,Data visualization ,Nerve Fibers ,Myofibrils ,Computer Graphics ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Computer vision ,Zoom ,business.industry ,Brain ,Heart ,Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design ,Visualization ,Hindlimb ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Signal Processing ,Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Software ,Algorithms ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Visual exploration is essential to the visualization and analysis of densely sampled 3D DTI fibers in biological speciments, due to the high geometric, spatial, and anatomical complexity of fiber tracts. Previous methods for DTI fiber visualization use zooming, color-mapping, selection, and abstraction to deliver the characteristics of the fibers. However, these schemes mainly focus on the optimization of visualization in the 3D space where cluttering and occlusion make grasping even a few thousand fibers difficult. This paper introduces a novel interaction method that augments the 3D visualization with a 2D representation containing a low-dimensional embedding of the DTI fibers. This embedding preserves the relationship between the fibers and removes the visual clutter that is inherent in 3D renderings of the fibers. This new interface allows the user to manipulate the DTI fibers as both 3D curves and 2D embedded points and easily compare or validate his or her results in both domains. The implementation of the framework is GPU based to achieve real-time interaction. The framework was applied to several tasks, and the results show that our method reduces the user's workload in recognizing 3D DTI fibers and permits quick and accurate DTI fiber selection.
- Published
- 2009
163. P3‐074: Cardiac function is related to maladaptive brain aging in mild cognitive impairment: Preliminary results
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Amanda Gentile, Angela L. Jefferson, Emelia J. Benjamin, Alexander Ozonoff, Kristen E. Huber, David F. Tate, and Frederick L. Ruberg
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Cardiac function curve ,Epidemiology ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Developmental Neuroscience ,Medicine ,Neurology (clinical) ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Cognitive impairment ,business ,Brain aging ,Neuroscience - Published
- 2009
164. Reliability and validity of MRI-based automated volumetry software relative to auto-assisted manual measurement of subcortical structures in HIV-infected patients from a multisite study
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Ekta Sem, Joy C. Anyanwu, Charles R.G. Guttmann, Jeffrey Dewey, Jared Price, David F. Tate, Bradford A. Navia, George N. Hana, Daniel McCaffrey, Troy Russell, Jaroslaw Harezlak, and Ronald A. Cohen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,Context (language use) ,HIV Infections ,Statistical parametric mapping ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Neuroimaging ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Computer vision ,Reliability (statistics) ,Electronic Data Processing ,business.industry ,Construct validity ,Brain ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Visual inspection ,Neurology ,Data Interpretation, Statistical ,Cohort ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Artificial intelligence ,Psychology ,business ,Algorithms ,Software ,Cohort study - Abstract
The automated volumetric output of FreeSurfer and Individual Brain Atlases using Statistical Parametric Mapping (IBASPM), two widely used and well published software packages, was examined for accuracy and consistency relative to auto-assisted manual (AAM) tracings (i.e., manual correction of automated output) when measuring the caudate, putamen, amygdala, and hippocampus in the baseline scans of 120 HIV-infected patients (86.7% male, 47.3+/-6.3y.o., mean HIV duration 12.0+/-6.3years) from the NIH-funded HIV Neuroimaging Consortium (HIVNC) cohort. The data was examined for accuracy and consistency relative to auto-assisted manual tracing, and construct validity was assessed by correlating automated and AAM volumetric measures with relevant clinical measures of HIV progression. When results were averaged across all patients in the eight structures examined, FreeSurfer achieved lower absolute volume difference in five, higher sensitivity in seven, and higher spatial overlap in all eight structures. Additionally, FreeSurfer results exhibited less variability in all measures. Output from both methods identified discrepant correlations with clinical measures of HIV progression relative to AAM segmented data. Overall, FreeSurfer proved more effective in the context of subcortical volumetry in HIV-patients, particularly in a multisite cohort study such as this. These findings emphasize that regardless of the automated method used, visual inspection of segmentation output, along with manual correction if necessary, remains critical to ensuring the validity of reported results.
- Published
- 2009
165. Visualizing diffusion tensor imaging data with merging ellipsoids
- Author
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Stephen Correia, David F. Tate, Wei Chen, and Song Zhang
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Field (physics) ,Fiber (mathematics) ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Pattern recognition ,Volume rendering ,Visualization ,Computer Science::Graphics ,Data visualization ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Tensor ,business ,Diffusion MRI ,Tractography - Abstract
Diffusion tensor fields reveal the underlying anatomical structures in biological tissues such as neural fibers in the brain. Most current methods for visualizing the diffusion tensor field can be categorized into two classes: integral curves and glyphs. Integral curves are continuous and represent the underlying fiber structures, but are prone to integration error and loss of local information. Glyphs are useful for representing local tensor information, but do not convey the connectivity in the anatomical structures well. We introduce a simple yet effective visualization technique that extends the streamball method in flow visualization to tensor ellipsoids. Each tensor ellipsoid represents a local tensor, and either blends with neighboring tensors or breaks away from them depending on their orientations and anisotropies. The resulting visualization shows the connectivity information in the underlying anatomy while characterizing the local tenors in detail. By interactively changing an iso-value parameter, users can examine the diffusion tensor field in the entire spectrum between the continuous integral curves and the discrete glyphs. Expert evaluation indicates that this method conveys very useful visual information about local anisotropy in white matter fibers. Such information was previously unavailable in tractography models. Our method provides a visual tool for assessing variability in DTI fiber tract integrity and its relation to function.
- Published
- 2009
166. Quantitative diffusion tensor imaging tractography metrics are associated with cognitive performance among HIV-infected patients
- Author
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Karen T. Tashima, Lynn E. Taylor, Song Zhang, Wenjin Zhou, Robert H. Paul, David F. Tate, David H. Laidlaw, Ronald A. Cohen, Timothy P. Flanigan, Kathryn Coop, Bradford A. Navia, and Jared Conley
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,HIV Infections ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Severity of Illness Index ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Cognition ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Hiv infected patients ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Neuroradiology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Neuropsychology ,Brain ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Neurology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Tractography ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
There have been many studies examining HIV-infection-related alterations of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion metrics. However, examining scalar diffusion metrics ignores the orientation aspect of diffusion imaging, which can be captured with tractography. We examined five different tractography metrics obtained from global tractography maps (global tractography FA, average tube length, normalized number of streamtubes, normalized weighted streamtube length, and normalized total number of tubes generated) for differences between HIV positive and negative patients and the association between the metrics and clinical variables of disease severity. We also examined the relationship between these metrics and cognitive performance across a wide range of cognitive domains for the HIV positive and negative patient groups separately. The results demonstrated a significant difference between the groups for global tractography FA (t = 2.13, p = 0.04), but not for any of the other tractography metrics examined (p-value range = 0.39 to 0.95). There were also several significant associations between the tractography metrics and cognitive performance (i.e., tapping rates, switching 1 and 2, verbal interference, mazes; ror = 0.42) for HIV infected patients. In particular, associations were noted between tractography metrics, speed of processing, fine motor control/speed, and executive function for the HIV-infected patients. These findings suggest that tractography metrics capture clinically relevant information regarding cognitive performance among HIV infected patients and suggests the importance of subtle white matter changes in examining cognitive performance.
- Published
- 2009
167. Neuroimaging Among HIV-Infected Patients: Current Knowledge and Future Directions
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Jared Conley, Bradford A. Navia, Ronald A. Cohen, David F. Tate, Dominik S. Meier, and Charles R.G. Guttmann
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Cns injury ,Neuroimaging ,HIV encephalitis ,medicine ,Hiv infected patients ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,General Reason ,Pathological - Abstract
Another general reason for examining HIV-associated CNS injury is that despite the improvements in HIV medication regimens, there continues to be pathological evidence of CNS involvement. In fact, when examining the postmortem samples (7, 8) , the incidence of HIV encephalitis continues to grow regardless of treatment improvements. This finding is perhaps the most important reason for conducting imaging studies, as it will be imperative to understand why these symptoms persist and what effects treatment does or does not have on CNS preservation
- Published
- 2009
168. Relationship between body mass index and brain volume in healthy adults
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David F. Tate, Evian Gordon, Ronald A. Cohen, Stuart M. Grieve, John Gunstad, Robert H. Paul, and Mary Beth Spitznagel
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Gerontology ,Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Physiology ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,Atrophy ,Reference Values ,medicine ,Humans ,Obesity ,Young adult ,Aged ,General Neuroscience ,Brain ,General Medicine ,Organ Size ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Brain size ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,Neurocognitive ,Body mass index ,Elevated body mass index - Abstract
There is a growing evidence that elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with adverse neurocognitive outcome, though no study has examined whether morphometric differences are found in persons across the adult life span. We compared 201 healthy individuals in normal weight, overweight, and obese groups (aged 17-79). After correcting for demographic differences, obese individuals showed smaller whole brain and total gray matter volume than normal weight and overweight individuals. These findings support an independent relationship between BMI and brain structure and demonstrate that these differences are not limited to older adults.
- Published
- 2008
169. Elevated C-reactive protein is related to cognitive decline in older adults with cardiovascular disease
- Author
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Karin F, Hoth, Andreana P, Haley, John, Gunstad, Robert H, Paul, Athena, Poppas, Angela L, Jefferson, David F, Tate, Makoto, Ono, Beth A, Jerskey, and Ronald A, Cohen
- Subjects
Aged, 80 and over ,Male ,C-Reactive Protein ,Cognition ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Humans ,Female ,Middle Aged ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Cognition Disorders ,Article ,Aged - Abstract
To prospectively relate C-reactive protein (CRP), a systemic marker of inflammation, to cognitive change over a 1-year follow-up period.Prospective 1-year follow-up.Outpatient university medical setting.Seventy-eight adults (aged 56-84; 39% female) with cardiovascular disease.CRP levels were measured using a high-sensitivity assay, and participants completed a neuropsychological battery at study entry. Neuropsychological assessment was repeated 1 year later.The association between CRP and change in cognition over the 1-year follow-up was examined using hierarchical linear regression modeling for five cognitive domains (global cognition, language, memory, visuospatial abilities, and attention-executive-psychomotor). High CRP levels were associated with subtle declines in attention-executive-psychomotor performance (CRP beta=-0.22, P=.04) after adjusting for the effects of age and cognitive performance at study entry. CRP was not significantly associated with change in language, memory, or visuospatial performance.These data provide preliminary evidence that inflammation, potentially contributing to atherosclerotic processes, may underlie the association between high CRP and changes in attention-executive-psychomotor performance.
- Published
- 2008
170. Relative sensitivity of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging to cognitive function among nondemented individuals infected with HIV
- Author
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Constantin T. Yiannoutsos, Ronald A. Cohen, Robert H. Paul, Adam M. Brickman, Bradford A. Navia, David F. Tate, and Thomas Ernst
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ,Population ,Caudate nucleus ,Physiology ,HIV Infections ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Article ,Choline ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Neuroimaging ,Statistical significance ,Basal ganglia ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Reaction Time ,Medicine ,Humans ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Aspartic Acid ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Putamen ,Cognition ,Creatine ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Affect ,chemistry ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Cognition Disorders - Abstract
In the present study, we examined the relationships among cognitive function, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) brain metabolite indices measured in the basal ganglia, and quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the caudate nucleus and the putamen in the earliest stages of HIV-related cognitive involvement. Participants included 22 HIV-positive individuals and 20 HIV-negative individuals. HIV-positive individuals performed significantly more poorly than the HIV-negative individuals on several cognitive measures. In addition, the choline/creatine ratio was significantly higher and the N-acetyl aspartate/choline ratio was significantly lower among HIV patients. The caudate and putamen sizes were smaller among HIV-positive patients compared with controls; however, the differences did not reach statistical significance. Correlation analyses revealed associations between cognitive function and select MRS indices. In addition, caudate size was significantly correlated with performances on higher-order thinking tests whereas putamen size was significantly correlated with performances on motor tests. The results suggest that MRS differences are more pronounced than area size differences between seropositive and seronegative individuals in mild stages of HIV-related cognitive impairment. However, basal ganglia size remains an important contributor to cognitive status in this population. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine the evolution of these imaging correlates of HIV-cognitive impairment in HIV. (JINS, 2008,14, 725–733.)
- Published
- 2008
171. Segmentation of subtraction images for the measurement of lesion change in multiple sclerosis
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Dominik S. Meier, Frederik Barkhof, P. Hildenbrand, Istvan Csapo, B. Moraal, Mehul Sampat, David F. Tate, Charles R.G. Guttmann, Rohit Bakshi, Yang Duan, Radiology and nuclear medicine, and Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam 2008
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Coefficient of variation ,Image subtraction ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Central nervous system disease ,Lesion ,Atrophy ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Reproducibility ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Subtraction ,Brain ,Reproducibility of Results ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Subtraction Technique ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Nuclear medicine - Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Lesion volume change (LVC) assessment is essential in monitoring MS progression. LVC is usually measured by independently segmenting serial MR imaging examinations. Subtraction imaging has been proposed for improved visualization and characterization of lesion change. We compare segmentation of subtraction images (SSEG) with serial single time-point conventional segmentation (CSEG) by assessing the LVC relationship to brain atrophy and disease duration, as well as scan-rescan reproducibility and annual rates of lesion accrual. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pairs of scans were acquired 1.5 to 4.7 years apart in 21 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Scan-rescan MR images were acquired within 30 minutes in 10 patients with MS. LVC was measured with CSEG and SSEG after coregistration and normalization. Coefficient of variation (COV) and Bland-Altman analyses estimated method reproducibility. Spearman rank correlations probed associations between LVC and other measures. RESULTS: Atrophy rate and net LVC were associated for SSEG ( R = −0.446; P < .05) but not when using CSEG ( R = −0.180; P = .421). Disease duration did not show an association with net lesion volume change per year measured by CSEG ( R = −0.360; P = .11) but showed an inverse correlation with SSEG-derived measurements ( R = −0.508; P < .05). Scan-rescan COV was lower for SSEG (0.98% ± 1.55%) than for CSEG (8.64% ± 9.91%). CONCLUSION: SSEG unveiled a relationship between T2 LVC and concomitant brain atrophy and demonstrated significantly higher measurement reproducibility. SSEG, a promising tool providing detailed analysis of subtle alterations in lesion size and intensity, may provide critical outcome measures for clinical trials of novel treatments, and may provide further insight into progression patterns in MS.
- Published
- 2008
172. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging outcome of HIV-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the era of antiretroviral therapy
- Author
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Song Zhang, Stephanie Y. Lee, Karin F. Hoth, Jeffrey Lawrence, David F. Tate, Timothy P. Flanigan, John Gunstad, David H. Laidlaw, and Robert H. Paul
- Subjects
Oncology ,Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Context (language use) ,HIV Infections ,Neuropsychological Tests ,White matter ,Neuroimaging ,Internal medicine ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,medicine ,Humans ,General Neuroscience ,Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy ,Neuropsychology ,Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal ,virus diseases ,Immunosuppression ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Brain size ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Aims: The purpose of the present case is to describe the functional outcome of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) on treatment with antiretroviral therapy using a multidisciplinary approach. Methods: Neuropsychological tests and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were obtained at baseline and after 12 months to define the severity of white matter damage. Neuropsychological and neuroimaging data were compared to an HIV-infected patient without PML and with good immune system health, and to a second HIV-infected patient without PML but with notable immunosuppression. Results: Review of the HIV/PML patient's cognitive data at both time points revealed significant impairments compared to the control subjects. Similarly, the HIV/PML patient's white matter lesion load and whole brain volume were markedly different from the control subjects at both time points. The tractography-defined metrics suggest significant white matter fiber loss associated with HIV/PML that was not evident in either HIV control patient. Discussion: Our findings suggest that PML is associated with marked cognitive and neuroimaging abnormalities in the context of antiretroviral therapy. Integrative Significance: To our knowledge this is the first study to integrate both quantitative DTI and cognitive assessment to define white matter damage associated with HIV and PML. This integrative approach provides a robust methodology to examine the integrity of brain systems mediating cognitive function.
- Published
- 2006
173. Neurocognitive consequences of HIV in southern India: a preliminary study of clade C virus
- Author
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Suniti Solomon, N. Kumarasamy, Robert H. Paul, Timothy P. Flanigan, Snigdha Vallabhaneni, David F. Tate, and Tokugha Yepthomi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,India ,HIV Infections ,Biology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Severity of Illness Index ,Virus ,Severity of illness ,medicine ,Dementia ,Humans ,Clade ,General Neuroscience ,Strain (biology) ,Brain ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Cognitive test ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,CD4 Antigens ,HIV-1 ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cognition Disorders ,Neurocognitive - Abstract
The neurocognitive impact of the clade C viral strain of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has not been determined. The purpose of this study was to examine neurocognitive function in southern India among individuals with the clade C virus with advanced HIV. A battery of cognitive tasks sensitive to the effects of HIV on brain function was translated and administered in Tamil and Telegu, two widely spoken languages in southern India. A sample of 30 treatment-naive HIV-positive individuals with a median CD4 cell count of 97, and 30 age and education matched healthy controls obtained from the same region of India, were included in the study. Results revealed significant differences on most cognitive tests, with lower performances obtained by the HIV-positive individuals. These results suggest that cognitive difficulties are present among individuals with the clade C virus in India, with as many as 56% of the patients with advanced HIV meeting the criterion for impairment in two cognitive domains. Additional study is needed to determine if clade C HIV infection is more or less prone to cause neurocognitive deficit than the clade B virus. Furthermore, the impact of antiretroviral therapy on neurocognitive dysfunction in clade C virual infection needs to be determined.
- Published
- 2006
174. Relation of Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels to Cognitive Dysfunction in Adults >55 Years of Age With Cardiovascular Disease
- Author
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Robert H. Paul, John Gunstad, Angela L. Jefferson, Daniel E. Forman, Athena Poppas, David F. Tate, Steven Smeal, and Ronald A. Cohen
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Severity of Illness Index ,Article ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Severity of illness ,Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ,medicine ,Natriuretic peptide ,Prevalence ,Dementia ,Humans ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,cardiovascular diseases ,Stroke ,Aged ,Heart Failure ,business.industry ,Cognitive disorder ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Brain natriuretic peptide ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Heart failure ,Cardiology ,Disease Progression ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Cognition Disorders ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with cognitive deficits long before the onset of stroke or dementia. Recent work has extended these findings and shown that patients with congestive heart failure also exhibit reduced cognitive performance. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is used to help diagnose heart failure, but no study has examined whether BNP predicts cognitive dysfunction in older patients with CVD. BNP values and performance on the Dementia Rating Scale were assessed in 56 older adults with documented CVD. Forty-eight percent of the participants were women, and their average age was 70 +/- 8 years. All participants had Mini-Mental State Examination scores greater than the cutoff for dementia and no histories of neurologic or severe psychiatric disorders. The average BNP level was 122 +/- 202 pg/ml. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that log-transformed BNP levels predicted Dementia Rating Scale total score after adjusting for possible demographic and medical confounders (DeltaR2 = 0.09, F[1, 44] = 6.14, p = 0.017). Partial correlation analysis adjusting for these possible confounders showed a particularly strong relation to the conceptualization subtest (r = -0.44, p = 0.002), a measure of verbal and nonverbal abstraction abilities. In conclusion, the results of the present study provide the first evidence for an independent relation between BNP and cognitive dysfunction in older adults with CVD.
- Published
- 2006
175. Obesity is associated with memory deficits in young and middle-aged adults
- Author
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Evian Gordon, David F. Tate, Robert H. Paul, John Gunstad, and Ronald A. Cohen
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Adult ,Male ,Multivariate analysis ,Disease ,Overweight ,Body Mass Index ,Reference Values ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,Learning ,Cognitive skill ,Obesity ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Memory Disorders ,Head injury ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Multivariate Analysis ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Body mass index - Abstract
Recent findings suggest obesity is associated with reduced memory performance in older adults. The present study examined whether similar deficits also exist in younger adults and the degree to which the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and memory varies as a function of age. Prior to inclusion, participants were rigorously screened and excluded for medical conditions known to impact cognitive functioning, including neurological disorders, head injury, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. A total of 486 healthy adults completed a verbal list-learning task. Participants were categorized into normal weight, overweight, and obese groups based on their BMI. Performance on learning, delayed recall, and recognition performance were compared across BMI groups. Results showed obese individuals had poorer memory performance when comparing persons across the adult lifespan (age 21-82 yr), but also when examining only younger and middle-aged adults (age 21-50 yr). Regression analyses found no evidence of an interaction between BMI and age on any memory variable, suggesting the relationship between BMI and memory does not vary with age. These findings provide further support for an independent relationship between obesity and reduced memory performance and suggest these effects are not limited to older adults. Further research is needed to identify etiological factors.
- Published
- 2006
176. Perceptual coloring and 2D sketching for segmentation of neural pathways
- Author
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Song Zhang, Peter G. Sibley, David F. Tate, David H. Laidlaw, and Wenjin Zhou
- Subjects
business.industry ,Computer science ,Interface (computing) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Contrast (music) ,Color space ,ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION ,Perception ,Segmentation ,Computer vision ,Artificial intelligence ,Cluster analysis ,business ,ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS ,media_common - Abstract
We present a system which visualizes the geometric disparity between white matter tracts obtained from DT-MRI by coloring in perceptually uniform color space and allows expert users of the application to select regions interactively with a 2D based sketching mechanism. This approach, in contrast to automatically clustering tracts, better reflects the uncertainity in forming scientific model from geometric information and the 2D sketching interface exploits neuroscientists' expertise with sectional anatomy.
- Published
- 2006
177. Elevated body mass index is associated with executive dysfunction in otherwise healthy adults
- Author
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Ronald A. Cohen, David F. Tate, John Gunstad, Evian Gordon, Robert H. Paul, and Mary Beth Spitznagel
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,lcsh:RC435-571 ,Health Status ,Overweight ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Severity of Illness Index ,Body Mass Index ,Weight loss ,lcsh:Psychiatry ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Obesity ,Depression ,Cognitive disorder ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Anxiety Disorders ,Cognitive test ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,Body mass index ,Neurocognitive ,Stress, Psychological ,Executive dysfunction - Abstract
There is growing evidence that obesity is linked to adverse neurocognitive outcome, including reduced cognitive functioning and Alzheimer disease. However, no study to date has determined whether the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive performance varies as a function of age. We examined attention and executive function in a cross-section of 408 healthy persons across the adult life span (20-82 years). Bivariate correlation showed that BMI was inversely related to performance on all cognitive tests. After controlling for possible confounding factors, overweight and obese adults (BMI > 25) exhibited poorer executive function test performance than normal weight adults (BMI, 18.5-24.9). No differences emerged in attention test performance, and there was no evidence of a BMI × age interaction for either cognitive domain. These results provide further evidence for the relationship between elevated BMI and reduced cognitive performance and suggest that this relationship does not vary with age. Further research is needed to identify the etiology of these deficits and whether they resolve after weight loss.
- Published
- 2005
178. Early life stress and morphometry of the adult anterior cingulate cortex and caudate nuclei
- Author
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Robert H. Paul, Richard A. Bryant, Lawrence H. Sweet, Karin F. Hoth, Jeanne M. McCaffery, David F. Tate, Raymond Niaura, Brian Hitsman, Leanne M. Williams, Ronald A. Cohen, Stuart M. Grieve, C. Richard Clark, Laura R. Stroud, Alexander C. MacFarlane, John Gunstad, and Evian Gordon
- Subjects
Cingulate cortex ,Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Personality Inventory ,Emotions ,Caudate nucleus ,Physiology ,Hippocampus ,Amygdala ,Brain mapping ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Life Change Events ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,Reference Values ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Child ,Mathematical Computing ,Biological Psychiatry ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Aged ,Brain Mapping ,Brain morphometry ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Sexual abuse ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Caudate Nucleus ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Background Early life stress (ELS) is linked to adult psychopathology and may contribute to long-term brain alterations, as suggested by studies of women who suffered childhood sexual abuse. We examine whether reported adverse ELS defined as stressful and/or traumatic adverse childhood events (ACEs) is associated with smaller limbic and basal ganglia volumes. Method 265 healthy Australian men and women without psychopathology or brain disorders were studied. ACEs were assessed by the ELSQ and current emotional state by the DASS. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), hippocampus, amygdala, and caudate nucleus volumes were measured from T1-weighted MRI. Analyses examined ROI volumetric associations with reported ACEs and DASS scores. Results Participants with greater than two ACEs had smaller ACC and caudate nuclei than those without ACEs. A significant association between total ACEs and ROI volumes for these structures was observed. Regression analysis also revealed that ELS was more strongly associated than current emotional state (DASS) with these ROI volumes. Conclusions Reported ELS is associated with smaller ACC and caudate volumes, but not the hippocampal or amygdala volumes. The reasons for these brain effects are not entirely clear, but may reflect the influence of early stress and traumatic events on the developing brain.
- Published
- 2005
179. Apathy correlates with cognitive function but not CD4 status in patients with human immunodeficiency virus
- Author
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Karen T. Tashima, Elizabeth Alt, David F. Tate, Corrine Ritchie, Jay Lawrence, Robert H. Paul, Ronald A. Cohen, Charles H. Hinkin, and Timothy P. Flanigan
- Subjects
Adult ,CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,Neuropsychological Tests ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine ,Humans ,Apathy ,education ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,education.field_of_study ,Analysis of Variance ,Motivation ,biology ,Depression ,Cognitive disorder ,Cognitive flexibility ,Cognition ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Lentivirus ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders - Abstract
Apathy is a prominent neuropsychiatric symptom associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The increased frequency of apathy in this population may reflect the direct involvement of the virus on the central nervous system (CNS), but the severity of apathy has not been shown to consistently relate to markers of disease activity or other neuropsychiatric complications of the virus. We examined the relationship between ratings of apathy and performance on measures of cognitive function and immune system status in a sample of HIV-infected patients. Apathy was significantly elevated among HIV-infected individuals compared to healthy comparison subjects. Apathy was significantly related to performance on measures of learning efficiency and a measure of cognitive flexibility. Ratings of apathy did not relate to CD4 cell count, but they were associated with disease duration. In addition, ratings of depression were independent of ratings of apathy. These findings suggest that apathy does not co-vary with a proxy measure of active disease status, but apathy does relate to several measures of cognitive dysfunction in patients with HIV. As such, the increased prevalence of apathy among HIV-infected adults may reflect HIV-associated neurologic dysfunction.
- Published
- 2005
180. Functional Brain Imaging of Cerebrovascular Disease
- Author
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Ronald A. Cohen, Lawrence H. Sweet, Marc Fisher, and David F. Tate
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,White matter ,Functional Brain Imaging ,Cerebral blood volume ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Effective diffusion coefficient ,Vascular dementia ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,business - Published
- 2005
181. Subcortical hyperintensities impact cognitive function among a select subset of healthy elderly
- Author
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Evian Gordon, Angela L. Jefferson, John Gunstad, David F. Tate, Adam M. Brickman, Karin F. Hoth, Kristin L. MacGregor, Robert H. Paul, Ronald A. Cohen, Omar Sultan Haque, Stuart M. Grieve, and Kelly Lange
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aging ,Adolescent ,Intelligence ,Grey matter ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Cerebral Ventricles ,Central nervous system disease ,Cognition ,medicine ,Reaction Time ,Humans ,Pathological ,Aged ,Demography ,Subcortical hyperintensities ,Verbal Behavior ,Dementia, Vascular ,Age Factors ,Wechsler Scales ,Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Hyperintensity ,Frontal Lobe ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Frontal lobe ,Female ,Psychology - Abstract
Previous studies have examined the impact of subcortical hyperintensities (SH), a proxy measure of cerebrovascular disease, on the cognitive abilities of otherwise healthy older adults. However, there remains a limited understanding as to what extent this MRI marker of pathological processes explains the decline in specific cognitive functions that occur nearly ubiquitously with advanced age, especially in relation to other age-related imaging markers. In the present study we compared cognitive abilities between a sample of 53 older healthy adults (age range = 50–79) and a sample of 53 younger adults (age range = 21–40). As expected, the older group performed significantly worse on most cognitive measures compared to the younger group. Frontal volume and total grey matter volume were also significantly reduced among the older individuals compared to the younger individuals. SH volume was consistently associated with cognitive function in older adults, though, this relationship was evident only for a relatively small subset of older individuals with the most severe SH. These data suggest that the relationship between SH and cognition in the elderly is driven by a subset of individuals who may be in the earliest stages of vascular cognitive impairment. Further, the findings suggest that cognitive aging is largely determined by factors other than SH for most older adults.
- Published
- 2004
182. The impact of apathy and depression on quality of life in patients infected with HIV
- Author
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Christine Adair, Ronald A. Cohen, Karen T. Tashima, Justin M. Nash, Timothy P. Flanigan, Robert J. Boland, David F. Tate, and Robert H. Paul
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Quality of life ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Healthy control ,Medicine ,Humans ,Apathy ,In patient ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,business.industry ,Depression ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Case-control study ,Mental health ,Infectious Diseases ,Mental Health ,Case-Control Studies ,Quality of Life ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Apathy refers to decreased self-initiation and goal-directed behavior. Apathy is a relatively common neuropsychiatric symptom associated with HIV, yet the impact of apathy on health-related quality of life (QOL) has not been investigated. We examined the relationship between apathy, depression, and QOL among individuals infected with HIV. Apathy was quantified using the Marin Apathy scale and QOL was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36). Results of the study revealed that both apathy and depression were more common among patients with HIV than healthy control subjects. Twenty-six percent of the patients with HIV reported clinically significant apathy while 80% of the patients reported clinically significant depression. Apathy did not relate to ratings of overall QOL, but it was modestly associated with ratings of mental health and role disruption secondary to mental health. By contrast, ratings of depression were strongly related to overall QOL and most indices of SF-36. Regression equations revealed that depression and apathy independently contributed to mental health and role disruption secondary to mental health. Importantly, ratings of depression accounted for the majority of variance for ratings of QOL. The findings indicate that while apathy is more common among individuals with HIV compared to healthy control subjects, the impact of apathy on QOL is less significant than depression. Clinicians should continue to focus on depression as an important neuropsychiatric symptom associated with HIV.
- Published
- 2003
183. Traumatic brain injury and atrophy of the cingulate gyrus
- Author
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Tracy J. Abildskov, David F. Tate, Ryan Yount, Partha Gandhi, Michael J. Miller, Ramona O. Hopkins, Erin D. Bigler, David K. Ryser, Mekdes Biru, and Kimberly A. Raschke
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Traumatic brain injury ,Thalamus ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Corpus callosum ,Gyrus Cinguli ,Central nervous system disease ,Atrophy ,Gyrus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Neuropsychology ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,nervous system diseases ,Surgery ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Brain Injuries ,Brain size ,Cardiology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders - Abstract
The medial surface areas of the cingulate gyrus (CG) and other midline structures (corpus callosum, thalamus, lateral ventricle) were examined in 27 traumatically brain injured (TBI) and 12 age- and gender-matched control subjects from an established TBI data base. Significant atrophy, primarily in the posterior CG, was found in TBI patients. Degree of atrophy was related to severity of injury. TBI subjects also had significantly reduced corpus callosum and thalamic cross-sectional surface areas with associated increased lateral ventricular volume, as well as reduced brain volume and increased ventricle-to-brain ratio. Despite significant atrophy of the posterior CG, neuropsychological performance was not related to changes in CG cross-sectional surface area in the TBI subjects. This apparent discrepancy is discussed.
- Published
- 2002
184. White matter lesions, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, and dementia
- Author
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Erin D. Bigler, Burton Kerr, Jeff Victoroff, David F. Tate, and John C.S. Breitner
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Apolipoprotein E4 ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Hippocampus ,White matter ,Apolipoproteins E ,Alzheimer Disease ,Reference Values ,mental disorders ,Centrum semiovale ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Dementia ,Humans ,Vascular dementia ,Alleles ,Aged ,Cerebral atrophy ,Cognitive disorder ,Brain ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Hyperintensity ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Geriatrics and Gerontology ,Alzheimer's disease ,Atrophy ,Psychology ,Gerontology - Abstract
The authors performed quantitative and qualitative image analysis on a sample of the elderly population of Cache County, Utah, relating neuroimaging findings to Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores and the presence of the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele. Neuroimaging measures included white, gray, and hippocampal volumes; a ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR); and qualitative ratings of white matter lesions (WMLs) in the periventricular (PV) and centrum semiovale (CS) regions. Subjects included 85 persons with possible and probable Alzheimer disease (AD), 21 with vascular dementia (VaD), 30 with cognitive symptoms classified as mild/ambiguous (M/A), a heterogenous group of 39 non-AD or VaD subjects but diagnosed with some form of neuropsychiatric disorder ("Mixed Neuropsychiatric" group), and 20 normal control subjects aged 65 years or older. Controlling for age, sex, and length of disease, the authors found that AD and VaD subjects differed significantly from control subjects on WMLs, but only the VaD subjects significantly differed from M/A subjects. The two dementia groups also displayed, as expected, significant cerebral atrophy. The WMLs generally increased with age and severity of dementia. PV WMLs were significantly but only modestly associated with white matter volume loss and greater impairment on the MMSE. Modest correlations were also present between the quantitative measures of cerebral structure and MMSE performance. However, when degree of cerebral atrophy was controlled by using the VBR measure, WML effects on MMSE performance became nonsignificant, with the only significant relationship remaining being that between hippocampal volume and MMSE performance. There were no significant qualitative or quantitative findings related to presence of the epsilon4 allele and MMSE performance. The role of WMLs in aging and dementia is discussed.
- Published
- 2002
185. Utah youth suicide study, phase I: government agency contact before death
- Author
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William M. McMahon, David F. Tate, Doug Gray, John Workman, Robert Rolfs, Trisha Keller, Jennifer Achilles, Lois Haggard, and Calvert Cazier
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Poison control ,Suicide prevention ,Occupational safety and health ,Government Agencies ,Risk-Taking ,Utah ,Injury prevention ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Juvenile delinquency ,medicine ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,business.industry ,Public health ,Medical examiner ,Human factors and ergonomics ,Social Support ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Suicide ,Adolescent Behavior ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,business - Abstract
Objective To delineate the probability of contact between government agencies and youths who complete suicide, to investigate the nature of those contacts, and to identify new risk factors for suicide. Method A descriptive epidemiological analysis of data from multiple Utah government agencies on consecutive youth suicides ( n = 151) between August 1, 1996, and June 6, 1999, aged 13–21 years. Data were collected from four government agencies: Office of the Medical Examiner, Juvenile Justice, Department of Human Services, and the Department of Education. Results Utah descriptive data were similar to national statistics, with the majority of completers being male (89%) and firearms the most common method of suicide (58%). The data demonstrated an association between youth suicide and contact with Juvenile Justice. Sixty-three percent of youths who completed suicide in Utah had contact with Juvenile Justice, and there was a direct correlation between number of referrals and increased suicide risk. Suicide completers had multiple minor offenses over many years. A significant minority of school-age subjects could not be located within the school system. Few suicide completers had evidence of active psychiatric treatment. Conclusions Juvenile Justice is identified as a novel site for the screening and identification of youths at risk for suicide.
- Published
- 2002
186. Erratum to: Regional areas and widths of the midsagittal corpus callosum among HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapies
- Author
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Bradford A. Navia, Thomas B. Campbell, Michael Taylor, Mark A. Brown, Elyse J. Singer, Scott Letendre, Daniel Branson, Charles R.G. Guttmann, Jeffrey R. Alger, C. Tripoli, Mark Fiecas, David F. Tate, Jaroslaw Harezlak, S. Paulose, Jared Conley, Joseph W. Hogan, Jeffrey Dewey, Y. Tso, Eric S. Daar, Michelle Gaugh, Mehul Sampat, Ronald A. Cohen, Janetta Matesan, Giovanni Schifitto, Deborah McMahon, Troy Russell, Erin D. Bigler, Daniel McCaffrey, Constantine Yiannoutsos, and Jianhui Zhong
- Subjects
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Neurology ,business.industry ,Virology ,Medicine ,Hiv infected patients ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Neurovirology ,Corpus callosum ,Psychiatry - Published
- 2011
187. Cerebral volume loss, cognitive deficit and neuropsychological performance: comparative measures of brain atrophy: I. Dementia
- Author
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Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer, Sara A. Rice, David F. Tate, Michael J. Miller, Erin D. Bigler, Howard B. Cleavinger, Lara J. Wolfson, JoAnn T. Tschanz, and E. Shannon Neeley
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Audiology ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Cerebral Ventricles ,Atrophy ,Alzheimer Disease ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Dementia ,Humans ,Psychiatry ,Vascular dementia ,education ,Cognitive deficit ,Aged ,Cerebral atrophy ,Aged, 80 and over ,Cerebral Cortex ,education.field_of_study ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,General Neuroscience ,Neuropsychology ,Neuropsychological test ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,Cognition Disorders ,Mental Status Schedule ,Head - Abstract
There are several magnetic resonance (MR) imaging methods to measure brain volume and cerebral atrophy; however, the best measure for examining potential relationships between such measures and neuropsychological performance has not been established. Relationships between seven measures of MR derived brain volume or indices of atrophy and neuropsychological performance in the elderly subjects of the population-based Cache County, Utah Study of Aging and Memory (n = 195) were evaluated. The seven MR measures included uncorrected total brain volume (TBV), TBV corrected by total intracranial volume (TICV), TBV corrected by the ratio of the individuals TICV by group TICV (TBVC), a ventricle-to-brain ratio (VBR), total ventricular volume (TVV), TVV corrected by TICV, and a measure of parenchymal volume loss. The cases from the Cache County Study were comprised of elderly individuals classified into one of four subject groups based on a consensus diagnostic process, independent of quantitative MR imaging findings. The groups included subjects with Alzheimer's disease (AD, n = 85), no dementia but mild/ambiguous (M/A) deficits (n = 30), a group of subjects with non-AD dementia or neuropsychiatric disorder including vascular dementia (n = 60), and control subjects (n = 20). Neuropsychological performance was based on the Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) and an expanded neuropsychological test battery (consortium to establish a registry for Alzheimer's disease (CERAD). The results demonstrated that the various quantitative MR measures were highly interrelated and no single measure was statistically superior. However, TBVC, TBV/TICV and VBR consistently exhibited the more robust relationships with neuropsychological performance. These results suggest that a single corrected brain volume measure or index is sufficient in studies examining global MR indicators of cerebral atrophy in relation to cognitive function and recommends use of either TBVC, TBV/TICV, or VBR.
- Published
- 2001
188. Corrigendum to 'Quantitative tractography metrics of white matter integrity in diffusion-tensor MRI' [NeuroImage 42 (2008) 568–581]
- Author
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Paul Malloy, Stephen Salloway, Song Zhang, Stephen Correia, Thom Voorn, David F. Tate, Stephanie Y. Lee, David H. Laidlaw, and Robert H. Paul
- Subjects
Computer Science and Engineering ,Neurology ,Cognitive Neuroscience ,education ,Medical school ,Library science ,humanities ,Tractography - Abstract
a Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, (116) 830 Chalkstone Ave. Providence, RI 02908-4799, USA b Department of Computer Science, Brown University, USA c Vrije Universitet, Amsterdam, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, The Netherlands d Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, Center for Neurological Imaging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, USA e University of Missouri, St. Louis, Department of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience, USA f Mississippi State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, USA g Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USA
- Published
- 2009
189. Vascular health and cognitive function in older adults with cardiovascular disease
- Author
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Marie Gerhard-Herman, David F. Tate, Nicole Wake, Ronald A. Cohen, Athena Poppas, Angela L. Jefferson, Karin F. Hoth, Robert H. Paul, Daniel E. Forman, John Gunstad, David J. Moser, Makoto Ono, and Andreana P. Haley
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Specialties of internal medicine ,Disease ,Article ,Neurocognitive performance ,Vascular health ,Age ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,medicine.artery ,medicine ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,Dementia ,Endothelium ,Cognitive skill ,Brachial artery ,business.industry ,Cognition ,General Medicine ,Vascular function ,Cardiovascular disease ,medicine.disease ,RC581-951 ,RC666-701 ,Vascular flow ,Physical therapy ,business ,Neurocognitive - Abstract
Background: We hypothesized that changes in vascular flow dynamics resulting from age and cardiovascular disease (CVD) would correlate to neurocognitive capacities, even in adults screened to exclude dementia and neurological disease. We studied endothelial-dependent as well as endothelial-independent brachial responses in older adults with CVD to study the associations of vascular responses with cognition. Comprehensive neurocognitive testing was used to discern which specific cognitive domain(s) correlated with the vascular responses. Methods: Eighty-eight independent, community-dwelling older adults (70.02 ± 7.67 years) with mild to severe CVD were recruited. Enrollees were thoroughly screened to exclude neurological disease and dementia. Flow-mediated (endothelial-dependent) and nitroglycerin-mediated (endothelial-independent) brachial artery responses were assessed using 2-D ultrasound. Cognitive functioning was assessed using comprehensive neuropsychological testing. Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between the endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vascular flow dynamics and specific domains of neurocognitive function. Results: Endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent brachial artery responses both correlated with neurocognitive testing indices. The strongest independent relationship was between endothelial function and measures of attention-executive functioning. Conclusions: Endothelial-dependent and endothelial-independent vascular responsiveness correlate with neurocognitive performance among older CVD patients, particularly in the attention-executive domain. While further study is needed to substantiate causal relationships, our data demonstrate that brachial responses serve as important markers of risk for common neurocognitive changes. Learning and behavior-modifying therapeutic strategies that compensate for such common, insidious neurocognitive limitations will likely improve caregiving efficacy.
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- 2008
190. Neurocognitive consequences of HIV in southern India: A preliminary study of clade C virus.
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TOKUGHA YEPTHOMI, ROBERT PAUL, SNIGDHA VALLABHANENI, N. KUMARASAMY, DAVID F. TATE, SUNITI SOLOMON, and TIMOTHY FLANIGAN
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- 2006
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191. Cerebral volume loss, cognitive deficit and neuropsychological performance: Comparative measures of brain atrophy: I. Dementia.
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ERIN D. BIGLER, E. SHANNON NEELEY, MICHAEL J. MILLER, DAVID F. TATE, SARA A. RICE, HOWARD CLEAVINGER, LARA WOLFSON, JOANN TSCHANZ, and KATHLEEN WELSH-BOHMER
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- 2004
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192. Deployment, suicide, and overdose among comorbidity phenotypes following mild traumatic brain injury: A retrospective cohort study from the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium.
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Mary Jo Pugh, Alicia A Swan, Megan E Amuan, Blessen C Eapen, Carlos A Jaramillo, Roxana Delgado, David F Tate, Kristine Yaffe, and Chen-Pin Wang
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury in the Veteran population is frequently comorbid with pain, post-traumatic stress disorder, and/or depression. However, not everyone exposed to mild traumatic brain injury experiences these comorbidities and it is unclear what factors contribute to this variability. The objective of this study was to identify comorbidity phenotypes among Post-9/11 deployed Veterans with no or mild traumatic brain injury and examine the association of comorbidity phenotypes with adverse outcomes. We found that Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury (n = 93,003) and no brain injury (n = 434,378) were mean age of 32.0 (SD 9.21) on entering Department of Veterans Health Administration care, were predominantly Caucasian non-Hispanic (64.69%), and served in the Army (61.31%). Latent class analysis revealed five phenotypes in each subcohort; Moderately Healthy and Mental Health phenotypes were common to both. The Healthy phenotype was found only in no brain injury. Unique phenotypes in mild traumatic brain injury included Moderately Healthy+Decline, Polytrauma, and Polytrauma+Improvement. There was substantial variation in adverse outcomes. The Polytrauma+Improvement phenotype had the lowest likelihood of adverse outcomes. There were no differences between Moderately Healthy+Decline and Polytrauma phenotypes. Phenotypes of comorbidity vary significantly by traumatic brain injury status including divergence in phenotypes (and outcomes) over time in the mild traumatic brain injury subcohort. Understanding risk factors for the divergence between Polytrauma vs. Polytrauma+Improvement and Moderately Healthy vs. Moderately Healthy+Decline, will improve our ability to proactively mitigate risk, better understand the early patterns of comorbidity that are associated with neurodegenerative sequelae following mild traumatic brain injury, and plan more patient-centered care.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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