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151. Major lipids, apolipoproteins, and risk of vascular disease

Author: Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, Di Angelantonio E, Sarwar N, Perry P, Kaptoge S, Ray KK, Thompson A, Wood AM, Lewington S, Sattar N, Packard CJ, Collins R, Thompson SG, Tipping RW, Ford CE, Pressel SL, Walldius G, Jungner I, Folsom AR, Chambless LE, Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Stefanadis C, Knuiman M, Goldbourt U, Benderly M, Tanne D, Whincup PH, Wannamethee SG, Morris RW, Kiechl S, Willeit J, Santer P, Mayr A, Wald N, Ebrahim S, Lawlor DA, Yarnell JW, Gallacher J, Casiglia E, Tikhonoff V, Nietert PJ, Sutherland SE, Bachman DL, Keil JE, Cushman M, Psaty BM, Tracy RP, Tybjaerg Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG, Benn M, Frikke Schmidt R, Giampaoli S, Palmieri L, Vanuzzo D, Pilotto L, Gómez de la Cámara A, Gómez Gerique JA, Simons L, McCallum J, Friedlander Y, Fowkes FG, Lee AJ, Smith FB, Taylor J, Guralnik JM, Phillips CL, Wallace R, Guralnik J, Blazer DG, Khaw KT, Brenner H, Raum E, Müller H, Rothenbacher D, Jansson JH, Wennberg P, Nissinen A, Donfrancesco C, Salomaa V, Harald K, Jousilahti P, Vartiainen E, Woodward M, D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, Bladbjerg EM, Jørgensen T, Møller L, Jespersen J, Dankner R, Chetrit A, Lubin F, Rosengren A, Wilhelmsen L, Lappas G, Eriksson H, Björkelund C, Lissner L, Bengtsson C, Cremer P, Nagel D, Tilvis RS, Strandberg TE, Rodriguez B, Dekker JM, Nijpels G, Stehouwer CD, Rimm E, Pai JK, Sato S, Iso H, Kitamura A, Noda H, Salonen JT, Nyyssönen K, Tuomainen TP, Deeg DJ, Poppelaars JL, Meade TW, Cooper JA, Hedblad B, Berglund G, Engstrom G, Verschuren WM, Blokstra A, Döring A, Koenig W, Meisinger C, Mraz W, Verschure WM, Bas Bueno de Mesquita H, Kuller LH, Grandits G, Selmer R, Tverdal A, Nystad W, Gillum R, Mussolino M, Hankinson S, Manson J, Knottenbelt C, Bauer KA, Naito Y, Holme I, Nakagawa H, Miura K, Ducimetiere P, Jouven X, Crespo CJ, Garcia Palmieri MR, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Evans A, Ferrieres J, Schulte H, Assmann G, Shepherd J, Ford I, Cantin B, Lamarche B, Després JP, Dagenais GR, Barrett Connor E, Wingard DL, Bettencourt R, Gudnason V, Aspelund T, Sigurdsson G, Thorsson B, Trevisan M, Witteman J, Kardys I, Breteler M, Hofman A, Tunstall Pedoe H, Tavendale R, Lowe GD, Howard BV, Zhang Y, Best L, Umans J, Ben Shlomo Y, Davey Smith G, Onat A, Njølstad I, Mathiesen EB, Løchen ML, Wilsgaard T, Ingelsson E, Lind L, Giedraitis V, Lannfelt L, Gaziano JM, Stampfer M, Ridker P, Ulmer H, Diem G, Concin H, Tosetto A, Rodeghiero F, Marmot M, Clarke R, Fletcher A, Brunner E, Shipley M, Buring J, Cobbe SM, Robertson M, He Y, Marin Ibañez A, Feskens EJ, Kromhout D, Walker M, Watson S, Erqou S, Orfei L, Pennells L, Perry PL, Alexander M, Wensley F, White IR, Danesh J., PANICO, SALVATORE, Developmental Genetics, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, Epidemiology and Data Science, General practice, Psychiatry, EMGO - Lifestyle, overweight and diabetes, Emerging Risk Factors, Collaboration, Di Angelantonio, E, Sarwar, N, Perry, P, Kaptoge, S, Ray, Kk, Thompson, A, Wood, Am, Lewington, S, Sattar, N, Packard, Cj, Collins, R, Thompson, Sg, Tipping, Rw, Ford, Ce, Pressel, Sl, Walldius, G, Jungner, I, Folsom, Ar, Chambless, Le, Panagiotakos, Db, Pitsavos, C, Chrysohoou, C, Stefanadis, C, Knuiman, M, Goldbourt, U, Benderly, M, Tanne, D, Whincup, Ph, Wannamethee, Sg, Morris, Rw, Kiechl, S, Willeit, J, Santer, P, Mayr, A, Wald, N, Ebrahim, S, Lawlor, Da, Yarnell, Jw, Gallacher, J, Casiglia, E, Tikhonoff, V, Nietert, Pj, Sutherland, Se, Bachman, Dl, Keil, Je, Cushman, M, Psaty, Bm, Tracy, Rp, Tybjaerg Hansen, A, Nordestgaard, Bg, Benn, M, Frikke Schmidt, R, Giampaoli, S, Palmieri, L, Panico, Salvatore, Vanuzzo, D, Pilotto, L, Gómez de la Cámara, A, Gómez Gerique, Ja, Simons, L, Mccallum, J, Friedlander, Y, Fowkes, Fg, Lee, Aj, Smith, Fb, Taylor, J, Guralnik, Jm, Phillips, Cl, Wallace, R, Guralnik, J, Blazer, Dg, Khaw, Kt, Brenner, H, Raum, E, Müller, H, Rothenbacher, D, Jansson, Jh, Wennberg, P, Nissinen, A, Donfrancesco, C, Salomaa, V, Harald, K, Jousilahti, P, Vartiainen, E, Woodward, M, D'Agostino, Rb, Wolf, Pa, Vasan, R, Pencina, Mj, Bladbjerg, Em, Jørgensen, T, Møller, L, Jespersen, J, Dankner, R, Chetrit, A, Lubin, F, Rosengren, A, Wilhelmsen, L, Lappas, G, Eriksson, H, Björkelund, C, Lissner, L, Bengtsson, C, Cremer, P, Nagel, D, Tilvis, R, Strandberg, Te, Rodriguez, B, Dekker, Jm, Nijpels, G, Stehouwer, Cd, Rimm, E, Pai, Jk, Sato, S, Iso, H, Kitamura, A, Noda, H, Salonen, Jt, Nyyssönen, K, Tuomainen, Tp, Deeg, Dj, Poppelaars, Jl, Meade, Tw, Cooper, Ja, Hedblad, B, Berglund, G, Engstrom, G, Verschuren, Wm, Blokstra, A, Döring, A, Koenig, W, Meisinger, C, Mraz, W, Verschure, Wm, Bas Bueno de Mesquita, H, Kuller, Lh, Grandits, G, Selmer, R, Tverdal, A, Nystad, W, Gillum, R, Mussolino, M, Hankinson, S, Manson, J, Knottenbelt, C, Bauer, Ka, Naito, Y, Holme, I, Nakagawa, H, Miura, K, Ducimetiere, P, Jouven, X, Crespo, Cj, Garcia Palmieri, Mr, Amouyel, P, Arveiler, D, Evans, A, Ferrieres, J, Schulte, H, Assmann, G, Shepherd, J, Ford, I, Cantin, B, Lamarche, B, Després, Jp, Dagenais, Gr, Barrett Connor, E, Wingard, Dl, Bettencourt, R, Gudnason, V, Aspelund, T, Sigurdsson, G, Thorsson, B, Trevisan, M, Witteman, J, Kardys, I, Breteler, M, Hofman, A, Tunstall Pedoe, H, Tavendale, R, Lowe, Gd, Howard, Bv, Zhang, Y, Best, L, Umans, J, Ben Shlomo, Y, Davey Smith, G, Onat, A, Njølstad, I, Mathiesen, Eb, Løchen, Ml, Wilsgaard, T, Ingelsson, E, Lind, L, Giedraitis, V, Lannfelt, L, Gaziano, Jm, Stampfer, M, Ridker, P, Ulmer, H, Diem, G, Concin, H, Tosetto, A, Rodeghiero, F, Marmot, M, Clarke, R, Fletcher, A, Brunner, E, Shipley, M, Buring, J, Cobbe, Sm, Robertson, M, He, Y, Marin Ibañez, A, Feskens, Ej, Kromhout, D, Walker, M, Watson, S, Erqou, S, Orfei, L, Pennells, L, Perry, Pl, Alexander, M, Wensley, F, White, Ir, and Danesh, J.
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Apolipoprotein B, biology, Triglyceride, business.industry, Vascular disease, Cholesterol, Proportional hazards model, Hazard ratio, Context (language use), General Medicine, 11 Medical And Health Sciences, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Article, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, chemistry, Internal medicine, General & Internal Medicine, biology.protein, Medicine, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Myocardial infarction, business
Abstract: Udgivelsesdato: 2009-Nov-11 CONTEXT: Associations of major lipids and apolipoproteins with the risk of vascular disease have not been reliably quantified. OBJECTIVE: To assess major lipids and apolipoproteins in vascular risk. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Individual records were supplied on 302,430 people without initial vascular disease from 68 long-term prospective studies, mostly in Europe and North America. During 2.79 million person-years of follow-up, there were 8857 nonfatal myocardial infarctions, 3928 coronary heart disease [CHD] deaths, 2534 ischemic strokes, 513 hemorrhagic strokes, and 2536 unclassified strokes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for several conventional factors, were calculated for 1-SD higher values: 0.52 log(e) triglyceride, 15 mg/dL high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), 43 mg/dL non-HDL-C, 29 mg/dL apolipoprotein AI, 29 mg/dL apolipoprotein B, and 33 mg/dL directly measured low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Within-study regression analyses were adjusted for within-person variation and combined using meta-analysis. RESULTS: The rates of CHD per 1000 person-years in the bottom and top thirds of baseline lipid distributions, respectively, were 2.6 and 6.2 with triglyceride, 6.4 and 2.4 with HDL-C, and 2.3 and 6.7 with non-HDL-C. Adjusted HRs for CHD were 0.99 (95% CI, 0.94-1.05) with triglyceride, 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74-0.82) with HDL-C, and 1.50 (95% CI, 1.39-1.61) with non-HDL-C. Hazard ratios were at least as strong in participants who did not fast as in those who did. The HR for CHD was 0.35 (95% CI, 0.30-0.42) with a combination of 80 mg/dL lower non-HDL-C and 15 mg/dL higher HDL-C. For the subset with apolipoproteins or directly measured LDL-C, HRs were 1.50 (95% CI, 1.38-1.62) with the ratio non-HDL-C/HDL-C, 1.49 (95% CI, 1.39-1.60) with the ratio apo B/apo AI, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.06-1.91) with non-HDL-C, and 1.38 (95% CI, 1.09-1.73) with directly measured LDL-C. Hazard ratios for ischemic stroke were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.94-1.11) with triglyceride, 0.93 (95% CI, 0.84-1.02) with HDL-C, and 1.12 (95% CI, 1.04-1.20) with non-HDL-C. CONCLUSION: Lipid assessment in vascular disease can be simplified by measurement of either total and HDL cholesterol levels or apolipoproteins without the need to fast and without regard to triglyceride.
Published: 2016
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152. Impaired lung function and mortality risk in men and women: findings from the Renfrew and Paisley prospective population study

Author: Hole, D.J., Watt, G.C.M., Davey-Smith, G., Hart, C.L., Gillis, C.R., Hawthorne, V.M., and Strachan, David P.
Subjects: Respiratory insufficiency -- Demographic aspects -- Risk factors, Mortality -- Risk factors, Health, Risk factors, Demographic aspects
Abstract: Abstract Objective - To assess the relation between forced expiratory volume in one second ([FEV.sub.1]) and subsequent mortality. Design - Prospective general population study. Setting - Renfrew and Paisley, Scotland. [...]
Published: 1996

153. Maternal and paternal relationships with offspring bone mass: response to Harvey et al.

Author: Macdonald-Wallis, C., Tobias, J. H., Davey Smith, G., and Lawlor, D. A.
Published: 2011
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154. Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk

Author: Ehret, Georg B., Munroe, Patricia B., Rice, Kenneth M., Bochud, Murielle, Johnson, Andrew D., Chasman, Daniel I., Smith, Albert V., Tobin, Martin D., Verwoert, Germaine C., Hwang, Shih-Jen, Pihur, Vasyl, Vollenweider, Peter, O'Reilly, Paul F., Amin, Najaf, Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L., Teumer, Alexander, Glazer, Nicole L., Launer, Lenore, Zhao, Jing Hua, Aulchenko, Yurii, Heath, Simon, Sober, Siim, Parsa, Afshin, Luan, Jian'an, Arora, Pankaj, Dehghan, Abbas, Zhang, Feng, Lucas, Gavin, Hicks, Andrew A., Jackson, Anne U., Peden, John F., Tanaka, Toshiko, Wild, Sarah H., Rudan, Igor, Igl, Wilmar, Milaneschi, Yuri, Parker, Alex N., Fava, Cristiano, Chambers, John C., Fox, Ervin R., Kumari, Meena, Go, Min Jin, van der Harst, Pim, Kao, Wen Hong Linda, Sjögren, Marketa, Vinay, D. G., Alexander, Myriam, Tabara, Yasuharu, Shaw-Hawkins, Sue, Whincup, Peter H., Liu, Yongmei, Shi, Gang, Kuusisto, Johanna, Tayo, Bamidele, Seielstad, Mark, Sim, Xueling, Hoang Nguyen, Khanh-Dung, Lehtimäki, Terho, Matullo, Giuseppe, Wu, Ying, Gaunt, Tom R., Charlotte Onland-Moret, N., Cooper, Matthew N., Platou, Carl G. P., Org, Elin, Hardy, Rebecca, Dahgam, Santosh, Palmen, Jutta, Vitart, Veronique, Braund, Peter S., Kuznetsova, Tatiana, Uiterwaal, Cuno S. P. M., Adeyemo, Adebowale, Palmas, Walter, Campbell, Harry, Ludwig, Barbara, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Palmer, Nicholette D., Aspelund, Thor, Garcia, Melissa, Chang, Yen-Pei C., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Steinle, Nanette I., Grobbee, Diederick E., Arking, Dan E., Kardia, Sharon L., Morrison, Alanna C., Hernandez, Dena, Najjar, Samer, McArdle, Wendy L., Hadley, David, Brown, Morris J., Connell, John M., Hingorani, Aroon D., Day, Ian N. M., Lawlor, Debbie A., Beilby, John P., Lawrence, Robert W., Clarke, Robert, Hopewell, Jemma C., Ongen, Halit, Dreisbach, Albert W., Li, Yali, Hunter Young, J., Bis, Joshua C., Kähönen, Mika, Viikari, Jorma, Adair, Linda S., Lee, Nanette R., Chen, Ming-Huei, Olden, Matthias, Pattaro, Cristian, Bolton, Judith A Hoffman, Köttgen, Anna, Bergmann, Sven, Mooser, Vincent, Chaturvedi, Nish, Frayling, Timothy M., Islam, Muhammad, Jafar, Tazeen H., Erdmann, Jeanette, Kulkarni, Smita R., Bornstein, Stefan R., Grässler, Jürgen, Groop, Leif, Voight, Benjamin F., Kettunen, Johannes, Howard, Philip, Taylor, Andrew, Guarrera, Simonetta, Ricceri, Fulvio, Emilsson, Valur, Plump, Andrew, Barroso, Inês, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Weder, Alan B., Hunt, Steven C., Sun, Yan V., Bergman, Richard N., Collins, Francis S., Bonnycastle, Lori L., Scott, Laura J., Stringham, Heather M., Peltonen, Leena, Perola, Markus, Vartiainen, Erkki, Brand, Stefan-Martin, Staessen, Jan A., Wang, Thomas J., Burton, Paul R., Artigas, Maria Soler, Dong, Yanbin, Snieder, Harold, Wang, Xiaoling, Zhu, Haidong, Lohman, Kurt K., Rudock, Megan E., Heckbert, Susan R., Smith, Nicholas L., Wiggins, Kerri L., Doumatey, Ayo, Shriner, Daniel, Veldre, Gudrun, Viigimaa, Margus, Kinra, Sanjay, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Tripathy, Vikal, Langefeld, Carl D., Rosengren, Annika, Thelle, Dag S., Corsi, Anna Maria, Singleton, Andrew, Forrester, Terrence, Hilton, Gina, McKenzie, Colin A., Salako, Tunde, Iwai, Naoharu, Kita, Yoshikuni, Ogihara, Toshio, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Okamura, Tomonori, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Umemura, Satoshi, Eyheramendy, Susana, Meitinger, Thomas, Wichmann, H. -Erich, Cho, Yoon Shin, Kim, Hyung-Lae, Lee, Jong-Young, Scott, James, Sehmi, Joban S., Zhang, Weihua, Hedblad, Bo, Nilsson, Peter, Smith, George Davey, Wong, Andrew, Narisu, Narisu, Stančáková, Alena, Raffel, Leslie J., Yao, Jie, Kathiresan, Sekar, O'Donnell, Christopher J., Schwartz, Stephen M., Arfan Ikram, M., Longstreth Jr. , W. T., Mosley, Thomas H., Seshadri, Sudha, Shrine, Nick R. G., Wain, Louise V., Morken, Mario A., Swift, Amy J., Laitinen, Jaana, Prokopenko, Inga, Zitting, Paavo, Cooper, Jackie A., Humphries, Steve E., Danesh, John, Rasheed, Asif, Goel, Anuj, Hamsten, Anders, Watkins, Hugh, Bakker, Stephan J. L., van Gilst, Wiek H., Janipalli, Charles S., Radha Mani, K., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Hofman, Albert, Mattace-Raso, Francesco U. S., Oostra, Ben A., Demirkan, Ayse, Isaacs, Aaron, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Lakatta, Edward G., Orru, Marco, Scuteri, Angelo, Ala-Korpela, Mika, Kangas, Antti J., Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Soininen, Pasi, Tukiainen, Taru, Würtz, Peter, Twee-HeeOng, Rick, Dörr, Marcus, Kroemer, Heyo K., Völker, Uwe, Völzke, Henry, Galan, Pilar, Hercberg, Serge, Lathrop, Mark, Zelenika, Diana, Deloukas, Panos, Mangino, Massimo, Spector, Tim D., Zhai, Guangju, Meschia, James F., Nalls, Michael A., Sharma, Pankaj, Terzic, Janos, Kranthi Kumar, M. V., Denniff, Matthew, Zukowska-Szczechowska, Ewa, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Fowkes, F. Gerald R., Charchar, Fadi J., Schwarz, Peter E. H., Hayward, Caroline, Guo, Xiuqing, Rotimi, Charles, Bots, Michiel L., Brand, Eva, Samani, Nilesh J., Polasek, Ozren, Talmud, Philippa J., Nyberg, Fredrik, Kuh, Diana, Laan, Maris, Hveem, Kristian, Palmer, Lyle J., van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Casas, Juan P., Mohlke, Karen L., Vineis, Paolo, Raitakari, Olli, Ganesh, Santhi K., Wong, Tien Y., Shyong Tai, E., Cooper, Richard S., Laakso, Markku, Rao, Dabeeru C., Harris, Tamara B., Morris, Richard W., Dominiczak, Anna F., Kivimaki, Mika, Marmot, Michael G., Miki, Tetsuro, Saleheen, Danish, Chandak, Giriraj R., Coresh, Josef, Navis, Gerjan, Salomaa, Veikko, Han, Bok-Ghee, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Kooner, Jaspal S., Melander, Olle, Ridker, Paul M., Bandinelli, Stefania, Gyllensten, Ulf B., Wright, Alan F., Wilson, James F., Ferrucci, Luigi, Farrall, Martin, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Pramstaller, Peter P., Elosua, Roberto, Soranzo, Nicole, Sijbrands, Eric J. G., Altshuler, David, Loos, Ruth J. F., Shuldiner, Alan R., Gieger, Christian, Meneton, Pierre, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Wareham, Nicholas J., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Rotter, Jerome I., Rettig, Rainer, Uda, Manuela, Strachan, David P., Witteman, Jacqueline C. M., Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Beckmann, Jacques S., Boerwinkle, Eric, Vasan, Ramachandran S., Boehnke, Michael, Larson, Martin G., Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Psaty, Bruce M., Abecasis, Gonçalo R., Chakravarti, Aravinda, Elliott, Paul, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Newton-Cheh, Christopher, Levy, Daniel, Caulfield, Mark J., Johnson, Toby, Tang H, Knowles J, Hlatky M, Fortmann S, Assimes TL, Quertermous T, Go A, Iribarren C, Absher D, Risch N, Meyers R, Sidney S, Ziegler A, Schillert A, Bickel C, Sinning C, Rupprecht HJ, Lackner K, Wild P, Schnabel R, Blankenberg S, Zeller T, Münzel T, Perret C, Cambien F, Tiret L, Nicaud V, Proust C, Dehghan A, Hofman A, Uitterlinden A, van Duijn C, Levy D, Whitteman J, Cupples LA, Demissie-Banjaw S, Ramachandran V, Smith A, Gudnason V, Boerwinkle E, Folsom A, Morrison A, Psaty BM, Chen IY, Rotter JI, Bis J, Volcik K, Rice K, Taylor KD, Marciante K, Smith N, Glazer N, Heckbert S, Harris T, Lumley T, Kong A, Thorleifsson G, Thorgeirsson G, Holm H, Gulcher JR, Stefansson K, Andersen K, Gretarsdottir S, Thorsteinsdottir U, Preuss M, Schreiber S, Meitinger T, König IR, Lieb W, Hengstenberg C, Schunkert H, Erdmann J, Fisher M, Grosshennig A, Medack A, Stark K, Linsel-Nitschke P, Bruse P, Aherrahrou Z, Peters A, Loley C, Willenborg C, Nahrstedt J, Freyer J, Gulde S, Doering A, Meisinger C, Wichmann HE, Klopp N, Illig T, Meinitzer A, Tomaschitz A, Halperin E, Dobnig H, Scharnagl H, Kleber M, Laaksonen R, Pilz S, Grammer TB, Stojakovic T, Renner W, März W, Böhm BO, Winkelmann BR, Winkler K, Hoffmann M, O'Donnell CJ, Voight BF, Altshuler D, Siscovick DS, Musunuru K, Peltonen L, Barbalic M, Melander O, Elosua R, Kathiresan S, Schwartz SM, Salomaa V, Guiducci C, Burtt N, Gabriel SB, Stewart AF, Wells GA, Chen L, Jarinova O, Roberts R, McPherson R, Dandona S, Pichard AD, Rader DJ, Devaney J, Lindsay JM, Kent KM, Qu L, Satler L, Burnett MS, Li M, Reilly MP, Wilensky R, Waksman R, Epstein S, Mattha W, Knouf CW, Waterworth DM, Hakonarson HH, Walker M, Mooser V, Hall AS, Balmforth AJ, Wright BJ, Nelson C, Thompson JR, Samani NJ, Braund PS, Ball SG, Smith NL, Felix JF, Morrison AC, Demissie S, Glazer NL, Loehr LR, Rosamond WD, Rivadeneira F, Bis JC, Folsom AR, Benjamin E, Aulchenko YS, Haritunians T, Couper D, Murabito J, Wang YA, Stricker B, Gottdiener JS, Chang PP, Wang TJ, Rice KM, Heckbert SR, Fox ER, Uitterlinden AG, Willerson JT, van Duijn CM, Witteman JC, Vasan RS, Köttgen A, Pattaro C, Böger CA, Fuchsberger C, Olden M, Parsa A, Gao X, Yang Q, Smith AV, O'Connell JR, Schmidt H, Tanaka T, Isaacs A, Ketkar S, Hwang SJ, Johnson A, Teumer A, Paré G, Atkinson EJ, Lohman K, Cornelis MC, Probst-Hensch NM, Kronenberg F, Tönjes A, Hayward C, Aspelund T, Eiriksdottir G, Launer LJ, Harris TB, Rampersaud E, Mitchell BD, Arking DE, Struchalin M, Cavalieri M, Singleton A, Giallauria, Francesco, Metter J, de Boer J, Siscovick D, Zillikens MC, Oostra BA, Feitosa M, Province M, de Andrade M, Turne ST, Wild PS, Schnabel RB, Wilde S, Munzel TF, Leak TS, Koenig W, Zgaga L, Zemunik T, Kolcic I, Minelli C, Hu FB, Johansson A, Igl W, Zaboli G, Wild SH, Wright AF, Campbell H, Ellinghaus D, Imboden M, Nitsch D, Brandstätter A, Kollerits B, Kedenko L, Mägi R, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P, Boban M, Campbell S, Endlich K, Völzke H, Kroemer HK, Nauck M, Völker U, Polasek O, Vitart V, Badola S, Parker AN, Ridker PM, Kardia SL, Liu Y, Curhan GC, Franke A, Rochat T, Paulweber B, Prokopenko I, Wang W, Shuldiner AR, Coresh J, Schmidt R, Ferrucci L, Shlipak MG, Borecki I, Krämer BK, Rudan I, Gyllensten U, Wilson JF, Pramstaller PP, Rettig R, Hastie N, Chasman DI, Kao WH, Heid IM, Fox CS, Vasan R, Felix SB, Watzinger N, Larson MG, Homuth G, Aragam J, Dörr M, Zweiker R, Lind L, Rodeheffer RJ, Greiser KH, Deckers JW, Stritzke J, Lackner KJ, Ingelsson E, Kullo I, Haerting J, Stricker BH, Reffelmann T, Redfield MM, Werdan K, Mitchell GF, Arnett D, Blettner M, Friedrich N, Benjamin EJ, Chambers JC, Zhang W, Lord GM, van der Harst P, Lawlor DA, Sehmi JS, Gale DP, Wass MN, Ahmadi KR, Bakker SJ, Beckmann J, Bilo HJ, Bochud M, Brown MJ, Caulfield MJ, Connell JM, Cook HT, Cotlarciuc I, Davey Smith G, de Silva R, Deng G, Devuyst O, Dikkeschei LD, Dimkovic T, Dockrell M, Dominiczak A, Ebrahim S, Eggermann T, Farrall M, Floege J, Forouhi NG, Gansevoort RT, Han X, Hedblad B, Homan van der Heide JJ, Hepkema BG, Hernandez-Fuentes M, Hypponen E, Johnson T, de Jong PE, Kleefstra N, Lagou V, Lapsley M, Li Y, Loos RJ, Luan J, Luttropp K, Maréchal C, Munroe PB, Nordfors L, Penninx BW, Perucha E, Pouta A, Roderick PJ, Ruokonen A, Sanna S, Schalling M, Schlessinger D, Schlieper G, Seelen MA, Sjögren M, Smit JH, Snieder H, Soranzo N, Spector TD, Stenvinkel P, Sternberg MJ, Swaminathan R, Ubink-Veltmaat LJ, Uda M, Vollenweider P, Wallace C, Waterworth D, Zerres K, Waeber G, Wareham NJ, Maxwell PH, McCarthy MI, Jarvelin MR, Abecasis GR, Lightstone L, Scott J, Navis G, Elliot P, Kooner JS., AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Nephrology, Epidemiologie, RS: CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Epidemiology, Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC other, Obstetrics & Gynecology, International Consortium for Blood Pressure Genome-Wide Association Studies, CARDIoGRAM consortium, CKDGen Consortium, KidneyGen Consortium, EchoGen consortium, CHARGE-HF consortium, Zhao, Jing Hua [0000-0003-4930-3582], Luan, Jian'an [0000-0003-3137-6337], Barroso, Ines [0000-0001-5800-4520], Khaw, Kay-Tee [0000-0002-8802-2903], Danesh, John [0000-0003-1158-6791], Soranzo, Nicole [0000-0003-1095-3852], Wareham, Nicholas [0000-0003-1422-2993], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Life Course Epidemiology (LCE), Cardiovascular Centre (CVC), Groningen Institute for Organ Transplantation (GIOT), Lifestyle Medicine (LM), Groningen Kidney Center (GKC), Vascular Ageing Programme (VAP), Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Center for Complex Disease Genomics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and The Genome Centre, Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Framingham Heart Study, Boston University [Boston] (BU)-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [Bethesda] (NHLBI), Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Harvard University-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Ehret, Georg B., Munroe, Patricia B., Rice, Kenneth M., Bochud, Murielle, Johnson, Andrew D., Chasman, Daniel I., Smith, Albert V., Tobin, Martin D., Verwoert, Germaine C., Hwang, Shih-Jen, Pihur, Vasyl, Vollenweider, Peter, O'Reilly, Paul F., Amin, Najaf, Bragg-Gresham, Jennifer L., Teumer, Alexander, Glazer, Nicole L., Launer, Lenore, Zhao, Jing Hua, Aulchenko, Yurii, Heath, Simon, Sober, Siim, Parsa, Afshin, Luan, Jian'An, Arora, Pankaj, Dehghan, Abba, Zhang, Feng, Lucas, Gavin, Hicks, Andrew A., Jackson, Anne U., Peden, John F., Tanaka, Toshiko, Wild, Sarah H., Rudan, Igor, Igl, Wilmar, Milaneschi, Yuri, Parker, Alex N., Fava, Cristiano, Chambers, John C., Fox, Ervin R., Kumari, Meena, Go, Min Jin, van der Harst, Pim, Kao, Wen Hong Linda, Sjögren, Marketa, Vinay, D. G., Alexander, Myriam, Tabara, Yasuharu, Shaw-Hawkins, Sue, Whincup, Peter H., Liu, Yongmei, Shi, Gang, Kuusisto, Johanna, Tayo, Bamidele, Seielstad, Mark, Sim, Xueling, Hoang Nguyen, Khanh-Dung, Lehtimäki, Terho, Matullo, Giuseppe, Wu, Ying, Gaunt, Tom R., Charlotte Onland-Moret, N., Cooper, Matthew N., Platou, Carl G. P., Org, Elin, Hardy, Rebecca, Dahgam, Santosh, Palmen, Jutta, Vitart, Veronique, Braund, Peter S., Kuznetsova, Tatiana, Uiterwaal, Cuno S. P. M., Adeyemo, Adebowale, Palmas, Walter, Campbell, Harry, Ludwig, Barbara, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Tzoulaki, Ioanna, Palmer, Nicholette D., Aspelund, Thor, Garcia, Melissa, Chang, Yen-Pei C., O'Connell, Jeffrey R., Steinle, Nanette I., Grobbee, Diederick E., Arking, Dan E., Kardia, Sharon L., Morrison, Alanna C., Hernandez, Dena, Najjar, Samer, Mcardle, Wendy L., Hadley, David, Brown, Morris J., Connell, John M., Hingorani, Aroon D., Day, Ian N. M., Lawlor, Debbie A., Beilby, John P., Lawrence, Robert W., Clarke, Robert, Hopewell, Jemma C., Ongen, Halit, Dreisbach, Albert W., Li, Yali, Hunter Young, J., Bis, Joshua C., Kähönen, Mika, Viikari, Jorma, Adair, Linda S., Lee, Nanette R., Chen, Ming-Huei, Olden, Matthia, Pattaro, Cristian, Bolton, Judith A Hoffman, Köttgen, Anna, Bergmann, Sven, Mooser, Vincent, Chaturvedi, Nish, Frayling, Timothy M., Islam, Muhammad, Jafar, Tazeen H., Erdmann, Jeanette, Kulkarni, Smita R., Bornstein, Stefan R., Grässler, Jürgen, Groop, Leif, Voight, Benjamin F., Kettunen, Johanne, Howard, Philip, Taylor, Andrew, Guarrera, Simonetta, Ricceri, Fulvio, Emilsson, Valur, Plump, Andrew, Barroso, Inê, Khaw, Kay-Tee, Weder, Alan B., Hunt, Steven C., Sun, Yan V., Bergman, Richard N., Collins, Francis S., Bonnycastle, Lori L., Scott, Laura J., Stringham, Heather M., Peltonen, Leena, Perola, Marku, Vartiainen, Erkki, Brand, Stefan-Martin, Staessen, Jan A., Wang, Thomas J., Burton, Paul R., Artigas, Maria Soler, Dong, Yanbin, Snieder, Harold, Wang, Xiaoling, Zhu, Haidong, Lohman, Kurt K., Rudock, Megan E., Heckbert, Susan R., Smith, Nicholas L., Wiggins, Kerri L., Doumatey, Ayo, Shriner, Daniel, Veldre, Gudrun, Viigimaa, Margu, Kinra, Sanjay, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Tripathy, Vikal, Langefeld, Carl D., Rosengren, Annika, Thelle, Dag S., Corsi, Anna Maria, Singleton, Andrew, Forrester, Terrence, Hilton, Gina, Mckenzie, Colin A., Salako, Tunde, Iwai, Naoharu, Kita, Yoshikuni, Ogihara, Toshio, Ohkubo, Takayoshi, Okamura, Tomonori, Ueshima, Hirotsugu, Umemura, Satoshi, Eyheramendy, Susana, Meitinger, Thoma, Wichmann, H. -Erich, Cho, Yoon Shin, Kim, Hyung-Lae, Lee, Jong-Young, Scott, Jame, Sehmi, Joban S., Zhang, Weihua, Hedblad, Bo, Nilsson, Peter, Smith, George Davey, Wong, Andrew, Narisu, Narisu, Stančáková, Alena, Raffel, Leslie J., Yao, Jie, Kathiresan, Sekar, O'Donnell, Christopher J., Schwartz, Stephen M., Arfan Ikram, M., Longstreth Jr., W. T., Mosley, Thomas H., Seshadri, Sudha, Shrine, Nick R. G., Wain, Louise V., Morken, Mario A., Swift, Amy J., Laitinen, Jaana, Prokopenko, Inga, Zitting, Paavo, Cooper, Jackie A., Humphries, Steve E., Danesh, John, Rasheed, Asif, Goel, Anuj, Hamsten, Ander, Watkins, Hugh, Bakker, Stephan J. L., van Gilst, Wiek H., Janipalli, Charles S., Radha Mani, K., Yajnik, Chittaranjan S., Hofman, Albert, Mattace-Raso, Francesco U. S., Oostra, Ben A., Demirkan, Ayse, Isaacs, Aaron, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Lakatta, Edward G., Orru, Marco, Scuteri, Angelo, Ala-Korpela, Mika, Kangas, Antti J., Lyytikäinen, Leo-Pekka, Soininen, Pasi, Tukiainen, Taru, Würtz, Peter, Twee-HeeOng, Rick, Dörr, Marcu, Kroemer, Heyo K., Völker, Uwe, Völzke, Henry, Galan, Pilar, Hercberg, Serge, Lathrop, Mark, Zelenika, Diana, Deloukas, Pano, Mangino, Massimo, Spector, Tim D., Zhai, Guangju, Meschia, James F., Nalls, Michael A., Sharma, Pankaj, Terzic, Jano, Kranthi Kumar, M. V., Denniff, Matthew, Zukowska-Szczechowska, Ewa, Wagenknecht, Lynne E., Fowkes, F. Gerald R., Charchar, Fadi J., Schwarz, Peter E. H., Hayward, Caroline, Guo, Xiuqing, Rotimi, Charle, Bots, Michiel L., Brand, Eva, Samani, Nilesh J., Polasek, Ozren, Talmud, Philippa J., Nyberg, Fredrik, Kuh, Diana, Laan, Mari, Hveem, Kristian, Palmer, Lyle J., van der Schouw, Yvonne T., Casas, Juan P., Mohlke, Karen L., Vineis, Paolo, Raitakari, Olli, Ganesh, Santhi K., Wong, Tien Y., Shyong Tai, E., Cooper, Richard S., Laakso, Markku, Rao, Dabeeru C., Harris, Tamara B., Morris, Richard W., Dominiczak, Anna F., Kivimaki, Mika, Marmot, Michael G., Miki, Tetsuro, Saleheen, Danish, Chandak, Giriraj R., Coresh, Josef, Navis, Gerjan, Salomaa, Veikko, Han, Bok-Ghee, Zhu, Xiaofeng, Kooner, Jaspal S., Melander, Olle, Ridker, Paul M., Bandinelli, Stefania, Gyllensten, Ulf B., Wright, Alan F., Wilson, James F., Ferrucci, Luigi, Farrall, Martin, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Pramstaller, Peter P., Elosua, Roberto, Soranzo, Nicole, Sijbrands, Eric J. G., Altshuler, David, Loos, Ruth J. F., Shuldiner, Alan R., Gieger, Christian, Meneton, Pierre, Uitterlinden, Andre G., Wareham, Nicholas J., Gudnason, Vilmundur, Rotter, Jerome I., Rettig, Rainer, Uda, Manuela, Strachan, David P., Witteman, Jacqueline C. M., Hartikainen, Anna-Liisa, Beckmann, Jacques S., Boerwinkle, Eric, Vasan, Ramachandran S., Boehnke, Michael, Larson, Martin G., Järvelin, Marjo-Riitta, Psaty, Bruce M., Abecasis, Gonçalo R., Chakravarti, Aravinda, Elliott, Paul, van Duijn, Cornelia M., Newton-Cheh, Christopher, Levy, Daniel, Caulfield, Mark J., Johnson, Toby, Tang, H, Knowles, J, Hlatky, M, Fortmann, S, Assimes, Tl, Quertermous, T, Go, A, Iribarren, C, Absher, D, Risch, N, Meyers, R, Sidney, S, Ziegler, A, Schillert, A, Bickel, C, Sinning, C, Rupprecht, Hj, Lackner, K, Wild, P, Schnabel, R, Blankenberg, S, Zeller, T, Münzel, T, Perret, C, Cambien, F, Tiret, L, Nicaud, V, Proust, C, Dehghan, A, Hofman, A, Uitterlinden, A, van Duijn, C, Levy, D, Whitteman, J, Cupples, La, Demissie-Banjaw, S, Ramachandran, V, Smith, A, Gudnason, V, Boerwinkle, E, Folsom, A, Morrison, A, Psaty, Bm, Chen, Iy, Rotter, Ji, Bis, J, Volcik, K, Rice, K, Taylor, Kd, Marciante, K, Smith, N, Glazer, N, Heckbert, S, Harris, T, Lumley, T, Kong, A, Thorleifsson, G, Thorgeirsson, G, Holm, H, Gulcher, Jr, Stefansson, K, Andersen, K, Gretarsdottir, S, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Preuss, M, Schreiber, S, Meitinger, T, König, Ir, Lieb, W, Hengstenberg, C, Schunkert, H, Erdmann, J, Fisher, M, Grosshennig, A, Medack, A, Stark, K, Linsel-Nitschke, P, Bruse, P, Aherrahrou, Z, Peters, A, Loley, C, Willenborg, C, Nahrstedt, J, Freyer, J, Gulde, S, Doering, A, Meisinger, C, Wichmann, He, Klopp, N, Illig, T, Meinitzer, A, Tomaschitz, A, Halperin, E, Dobnig, H, Scharnagl, H, Kleber, M, Laaksonen, R, Pilz, S, Grammer, Tb, Stojakovic, T, Renner, W, März, W, Böhm, Bo, Winkelmann, Br, Winkler, K, Hoffmann, M, O'Donnell, Cj, Voight, Bf, Altshuler, D, Siscovick, D, Musunuru, K, Peltonen, L, Barbalic, M, Melander, O, Elosua, R, Kathiresan, S, Schwartz, Sm, Salomaa, V, Guiducci, C, Burtt, N, Gabriel, Sb, Stewart, Af, Wells, Ga, Chen, L, Jarinova, O, Roberts, R, Mcpherson, R, Dandona, S, Pichard, Ad, Rader, Dj, Devaney, J, Lindsay, Jm, Kent, Km, Qu, L, Satler, L, Burnett, M, Li, M, Reilly, Mp, Wilensky, R, Waksman, R, Epstein, S, Mattha, W, Knouf, Cw, Waterworth, Dm, Hakonarson, Hh, Walker, M, Mooser, V, Hall, A, Balmforth, Aj, Wright, Bj, Nelson, C, Thompson, Jr, Samani, Nj, Braund, P, Ball, Sg, Smith, Nl, Felix, Jf, Morrison, Ac, Demissie, S, Glazer, Nl, Loehr, Lr, Rosamond, Wd, Rivadeneira, F, Bis, Jc, Folsom, Ar, Benjamin, E, Aulchenko, Y, Haritunians, T, Couper, D, Murabito, J, Wang, Ya, Stricker, B, Gottdiener, J, Chang, Pp, Wang, Tj, Rice, Km, Heckbert, Sr, Fox, Er, Uitterlinden, Ag, Willerson, Jt, van Duijn, Cm, Witteman, Jc, Vasan, R, Köttgen, A, Pattaro, C, Böger, Ca, Fuchsberger, C, Olden, M, Parsa, A, Gao, X, Yang, Q, Smith, Av, O'Connell, Jr, Schmidt, H, Tanaka, T, Isaacs, A, Ketkar, S, Hwang, Sj, Johnson, A, Teumer, A, Paré, G, Atkinson, Ej, Lohman, K, Cornelis, Mc, Probst-Hensch, Nm, Kronenberg, F, Tönjes, A, Hayward, C, Aspelund, T, Eiriksdottir, G, Launer, Lj, Harris, Tb, Rampersaud, E, Mitchell, Bd, Arking, De, Struchalin, M, Cavalieri, M, Singleton, A, Giallauria, Francesco, Metter, J, de Boer, J, Zillikens, Mc, Oostra, Ba, Feitosa, M, Province, M, de Andrade, M, Turne, St, Schnabel, Rb, Wilde, S, Munzel, Tf, Leak, T, Koenig, W, Zgaga, L, Zemunik, T, Kolcic, I, Minelli, C, Hu, Fb, Johansson, A, Igl, W, Zaboli, G, Wild, Sh, Wright, Af, Campbell, H, Ellinghaus, D, Imboden, M, Nitsch, D, Brandstätter, A, Kollerits, B, Kedenko, L, Mägi, R, Stumvoll, M, Kovacs, P, Boban, M, Campbell, S, Endlich, K, Völzke, H, Kroemer, Hk, Nauck, M, Völker, U, Polasek, O, Vitart, V, Badola, S, Parker, An, Ridker, Pm, Kardia, Sl, Liu, Y, Curhan, Gc, Franke, A, Rochat, T, Paulweber, B, Prokopenko, I, Wang, W, Shuldiner, Ar, Coresh, J, Schmidt, R, Ferrucci, L, Shlipak, Mg, Borecki, I, Krämer, Bk, Rudan, I, Gyllensten, U, Wilson, Jf, Pramstaller, Pp, Rettig, R, Hastie, N, Chasman, Di, Kao, Wh, Heid, Im, Fox, C, Felix, Sb, Watzinger, N, Larson, Mg, Homuth, G, Aragam, J, Dörr, M, Zweiker, R, Lind, L, Rodeheffer, Rj, Greiser, Kh, Deckers, Jw, Stritzke, J, Lackner, Kj, Ingelsson, E, Kullo, I, Haerting, J, Stricker, Bh, Reffelmann, T, Redfield, Mm, Werdan, K, Mitchell, Gf, Arnett, D, Blettner, M, Friedrich, N, Benjamin, Ej, Chambers, Jc, Zhang, W, Lord, Gm, van der Harst, P, Lawlor, Da, Sehmi, J, Gale, Dp, Wass, Mn, Ahmadi, Kr, Bakker, Sj, Beckmann, J, Bilo, Hj, Bochud, M, Brown, Mj, Caulfield, Mj, Connell, Jm, Cook, Ht, Cotlarciuc, I, Davey Smith, G, de Silva, R, Deng, G, Devuyst, O, Dikkeschei, Ld, Dimkovic, T, Dockrell, M, Dominiczak, A, Ebrahim, S, Eggermann, T, Farrall, M, Floege, J, Forouhi, Ng, Gansevoort, Rt, Han, X, Hedblad, B, Homan van der Heide, Jj, Hepkema, Bg, Hernandez-Fuentes, M, Hypponen, E, Johnson, T, de Jong, Pe, Kleefstra, N, Lagou, V, Lapsley, M, Li, Y, Loos, Rj, Luan, J, Luttropp, K, Maréchal, C, Munroe, Pb, Nordfors, L, Penninx, Bw, Perucha, E, Pouta, A, Roderick, Pj, Ruokonen, A, Sanna, S, Schalling, M, Schlessinger, D, Schlieper, G, Seelen, Ma, Sjögren, M, Smit, Jh, Snieder, H, Soranzo, N, Spector, Td, Stenvinkel, P, Sternberg, Mj, Swaminathan, R, Ubink-Veltmaat, Lj, Uda, M, Vollenweider, P, Wallace, C, Waterworth, D, Zerres, K, Waeber, G, Wareham, Nj, Maxwell, Ph, Mccarthy, Mi, Jarvelin, Mr, Abecasis, Gr, Lightstone, L, Scott, J, Navis, G, Elliot, P, and Kooner, Js.
Subjects: novel loci, Kidney Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/*genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], left ventricular wall thickness, LOCI, Genome-wide association study, Blood Pressure, Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, RELEVANCE, Africa/ethnology, Cardiovascular Disease, genetics, Kidney Diseases/genetics, Stroke, genome wide association study, POPULATION, ta118, Blood pressure, hypertension, stroke, coronary artery disease, ddc:616, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Asia/ethnology, Multidisciplinary, Coronary Artery Disease/genetics, COMMON VARIANTS, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics, 3. Good health, Europe, Cardiovascular Diseases, Hypertension, Cardiology, Kidney Diseases, HEALTH, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Asia, Population, Renal function, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Europe/ethnology, Article, CLONING, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Stroke/genetics, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cardiovascular Diseases/*genetics, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, education, METAANALYSIS, 030304 developmental biology, RECEPTOR, genes, blood pressure, cardiovascular disease risk, medicine.disease, Africa, Blood Pressure/*genetics/physiology, Hypertension/genetics, Kidney disease, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Blood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people worldwide have hypertension (≥140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure or ≥90 mm Hg diastolic blood pressure). Even small increments in blood pressure are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. This genome-wide association study of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, which used a multi-stage design in 200,000 individuals of European descent, identified sixteen novel loci: six of these loci contain genes previously known or suspected to regulate blood pressure (GUCY1A3-GUCY1B3, NPR3-C5orf23, ADM, FURIN-FES, GOSR2, GNAS-EDN3); the other ten provide new clues to blood pressure physiology. A genetic risk score based on 29 genome-wide significant variants was associated with hypertension, left ventricular wall thickness, stroke and coronary artery disease, but not kidney disease or kidney function. We also observed associations with blood pressure in East Asian, South Asian and African ancestry individuals. Our findings provide new insights into the genetics and biology of blood pressure, and suggest potential novel therapeutic pathways for cardiovascular disease prevention. ispartof: Nature vol:478 issue:7367 pages:103-109 ispartof: location:England status: published
Published: 2011
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155. Genome-wide analyses using UK Biobank data provide insights into the genetic architecture of osteoarthritis

Author: Zengini, E. Hatzikotoulas, K. Tachmazidou, I. Steinberg, J. Hartwig, F.P. Southam, L. Hackinger, S. Boer, C.G. Styrkarsdottir, U. Gilly, A. Suveges, D. Killian, B. Ingvarsson, T. Jonsson, H. Babis, G.C. McCaskie, A. Uitterlinden, A.G. Van Meurs, J.B.J. Thorsteinsdottir, U. Stefansson, K. Davey Smith, G. Wilkinson, J.M. Zeggini, E.
Abstract: Osteoarthritis is a common complex disease imposing a large public-health burden. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study for osteoarthritis, using data across 16.5 million variants from the UK Biobank resource. After performing replication and meta-analysis in up to 30,727 cases and 297,191 controls, we identified nine new osteoarthritis loci, in all of which the most likely causal variant was noncoding. For three loci, we detected association with biologically relevant radiographic endophenotypes, and in five signals we identified genes that were differentially expressed in degraded compared with intact articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis. We established causal effects on osteoarthritis for higher body mass index but not for triglyceride levels or genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes. © 2018 The Author(s).
Published: 2018

156. Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies

Author: Wood, A.M. Kaptoge, S. Butterworth, A.S. Willeit, P. Warnakula, S. Bolton, T. Paige, E. Paul, D.S. Sweeting, M. Burgess, S. Bell, S. Astle, W. Stevens, D. Koulman, A. Selmer, R.M. Verschuren, W.M.M. Sato, S. Njølstad, I. Woodward, M. Salomaa, V. Nordestgaard, B.G. Yeap, B.B. Fletcher, A. Melander, O. Kuller, L.H. Balkau, B. Marmot, M. Koenig, W. Casiglia, E. Cooper, C. Arndt, V. Franco, O.H. Wennberg, P. Gallacher, J. de la Cámara, A.G. Völzke, H. Dahm, C.C. Dale, C.E. Bergmann, M.M. Crespo, C.J. van der Schouw, Y.T. Kaaks, R. Simons, L.A. Lagiou, P. Schoufour, J.D. Boer, J.M.A. Key, T.J. Rodriguez, B. Moreno-Iribas, C. Davidson, K.W. Taylor, J.O. Sacerdote, C. Wallace, R.B. Quiros, J.R. Tumino, R. Blazer, D.G., II Linneberg, A. Daimon, M. Panico, S. Howard, B. Skeie, G. Strandberg, T. Weiderpass, E. Psaty, B.M. Kromhout, D. Salamanca-Fernandez, E. Kiechl, S. Krumholz, H.M. Grioni, S. Palli, D. Huerta, J.M. Price, J. Sundström, J. Arriola, L. Arima, H. Travis, R.C. Panagiotakos, D.B. Karakatsani, A. Trichopoulou, A. Kühn, T. Grobbee, D.E. Barrett-Connor, E. van Schoor, N. Boeing, H. Overvad, K. Kauhanen, J. Wareham, N. Langenberg, C. Forouhi, N. Wennberg, M. Després, J.-P. Cushman, M. Cooper, J.A. Rodriguez, C.J. Sakurai, M. Shaw, J.E. Knuiman, M. Voortman, T. Meisinger, C. Tjønneland, A. Brenner, H. Palmieri, L. Dallongeville, J. Brunner, E.J. Assmann, G. Trevisan, M. Gillum, R.F. Ford, I.F. Sattar, N. Lazo, M. Thompson, S.G. Ferrari, P. Leon, D.A. Davey Smith, G. Peto, R. Jackson, R. Banks, E. Di Angelantonio, E. Danesh, J. Veikko, S. Gómez de la Cámara, A. Rimm, E.B. Dallongeville, J.-P. Gillumn, R.F. Thompson, S. Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration/EPIC-CVD/UK Biobank Alcohol Study Group
Abstract: Background: Low-risk limits recommended for alcohol consumption vary substantially across different national guidelines. To define thresholds associated with lowest risk for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease, we studied individual-participant data from 599 912 current drinkers without previous cardiovascular disease. Methods: We did a combined analysis of individual-participant data from three large-scale data sources in 19 high-income countries (the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration, EPIC-CVD, and the UK Biobank). We characterised dose–response associations and calculated hazard ratios (HRs) per 100 g per week of alcohol (12·5 units per week) across 83 prospective studies, adjusting at least for study or centre, age, sex, smoking, and diabetes. To be eligible for the analysis, participants had to have information recorded about their alcohol consumption amount and status (ie, non-drinker vs current drinker), plus age, sex, history of diabetes and smoking status, at least 1 year of follow-up after baseline, and no baseline history of cardiovascular disease. The main analyses focused on current drinkers, whose baseline alcohol consumption was categorised into eight predefined groups according to the amount in grams consumed per week. We assessed alcohol consumption in relation to all-cause mortality, total cardiovascular disease, and several cardiovascular disease subtypes. We corrected HRs for estimated long-term variability in alcohol consumption using 152 640 serial alcohol assessments obtained some years apart (median interval 5·6 years [5th–95th percentile 1·04–13·5]) from 71 011 participants from 37 studies. Findings: In the 599 912 current drinkers included in the analysis, we recorded 40 310 deaths and 39 018 incident cardiovascular disease events during 5·4 million person-years of follow-up. For all-cause mortality, we recorded a positive and curvilinear association with the level of alcohol consumption, with the minimum mortality risk around or below 100 g per week. Alcohol consumption was roughly linearly associated with a higher risk of stroke (HR per 100 g per week higher consumption 1·14, 95% CI, 1·10–1·17), coronary disease excluding myocardial infarction (1·06, 1·00–1·11), heart failure (1·09, 1·03–1·15), fatal hypertensive disease (1·24, 1·15–1·33); and fatal aortic aneurysm (1·15, 1·03–1·28). By contrast, increased alcohol consumption was log-linearly associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction (HR 0·94, 0·91–0·97). In comparison to those who reported drinking >0–≤100 g per week, those who reported drinking >100–≤200 g per week, >200–≤350 g per week, or >350 g per week had lower life expectancy at age 40 years of approximately 6 months, 1–2 years, or 4–5 years, respectively. Interpretation: In current drinkers of alcohol in high-income countries, the threshold for lowest risk of all-cause mortality was about 100 g/week. For cardiovascular disease subtypes other than myocardial infarction, there were no clear risk thresholds below which lower alcohol consumption stopped being associated with lower disease risk. These data support limits for alcohol consumption that are lower than those recommended in most current guidelines. Funding: UK Medical Research Council, British Heart Foundation, National Institute for Health Research, European Union Framework 7, and European Research Council. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license.
Published: 2018

157. An epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of educational attainment

Author: Karlsson Linnér, R, Marioni, R E, Rietveld, C A, Simpkin, A J, Davies, N M, Watanabe, K, Armstrong, N J, Auro, K, Baumbach, C, Bonder, M J, Buchwald, J, Fiorito, G, Ismail, K, Iurato, S, Joensuu, A, Karell, P, Kasela, S, Lahti, J, McRae, A F, Mandaviya, P R, Seppälä, I, Wang, Y, Baglietto, L, Binder, E B, Harris, S E, Hodge, A M, Horvath, S, Hurme, M, Johannesson, M, Latvala, A, Mather, K A, Medland, S E, Metspalu, A, Milani, L, Milne, R L, Pattie, A, Pedersen, N L, Peters, A, Polidoro, S, Räikkönen, K, Severi, G, Starr, J M, Stolk, L, Waldenberger, M, Eriksson, J G, Esko, T, Franke, L, Gieger, C, Relton, C, Davey Smith, G, Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI), Department of Health and Life Sciences, and Stem Cell Aging Leukemia and Lymphoma (SALL)
Subjects: EPIGENETIC CLOCK, AGE, STRESS, TISSUE, MORTALITY, PATTERNS, SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS, MATERNAL SMOKING, EXPOSURE, DNA METHYLATION
Abstract: The epigenome is associated with biological factors, such as disease status, and environmental factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index. Although there is a widespread perception that environmental influences on the epigenome are pervasive and profound, there has been little evidence to date in humans with respect to environmental factors that are biologically distal. Here we provide evidence on the associations between epigenetic modifications-in our case, CpG methylation-and educational attainment (EA), a biologically distal environmental factor that is arguably among the most important life-shaping experiences for individuals. Specifically, we report the results of an epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of EA based on data from 27 cohort studies with a total of 10 767 individuals. We find nine CpG probes significantly associated with EA. However, robustness analyses show that all nine probes have previously been found to be associated with smoking. Only two associations remain when we perform a sensitivity analysis in the subset of never-smokers, and these two probes are known to be strongly associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, and thus their association with EA could be due to correlation between EA and maternal smoking. Moreover, the effect sizes of the associations with EA are far smaller than the known associations with the biologically proximal environmental factors alcohol consumption, body mass index, smoking and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Follow-up analyses that combine the effects of many probes also point to small methylation associations with EA that are highly correlated with the combined effects of smoking. If our findings regarding EA can be generalized to other biologically distal environmental factors, then they cast doubt on the hypothesis that such factors have large effects on the epigenome.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 31 October 2017; doi:10.1038/mp.2017.210.
Published: 2017
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158. Investigating the role of insulin in increased adiposity: Bi-directional Mendelian randomization study

Author: Kaitlin H Wade, Davey Smith G, N J Timpson, Jack Bowden, Gibran Hemani, Rebecca C Richmond, and Laura J Corbin
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Insulin, medicine.medical_treatment, Causal effect, Increasing insulin, Fasting insulin, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Fat accumulation, Internal medicine, Mendelian randomization, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Body mass index, 030304 developmental biology, Genetic association
Abstract: Insulin may serve as a key causal agent which regulates fat accumulation in the body. Here we assessed the causal relationship between fasting insulin and adiposity using publicly-available results from two large-scale genome-wide association studies for body mass index and fasting insulin levels in a two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian Randomized approach. This approach is only valid on the condition that the two instruments are independent of one another. In analysis excluding overlapping loci, there was an increase of 0.20 (0.17, 0.23) log pmol/L fasting insulin per SD increase in BMI (P= 2.80 x 10−36), while there was a null effect of fasting insulin on BMI, with a 0.01 (−0.39, 0.38) SD decrease in BMI per log pmol/L increase in fasting insulin (P= 0.98). Furthermore, a high degree of heterogeneity in the causal estimates was obtained from the insulin-related variants, which may be attributed to varying mechanisms of action of the insulin-associated variants. Results were largely consistent when an Egger regression technique and weighted median and mode estimators were applied. Findings suggest that the positive correlation between adiposity and fasting insulin levels are at least in part explained by the causal effect of adiposity on increasing insulin, rather than vice versa.
Published: 2017
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159. Association between telomere length and risk of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases: A Mendelian randomization study

Author: Collaboration, Telomeres Mendelian Randomization, Haycock, P, Burgess, S, Nounu, A, Zheng, J, Okoli, G, Bowden, J, Wade, K, Timpson, N, Evans, D, Willeit, P, Aviv, A, Gaunt, T, Hemani, G, Mangino, M, Ellis, H, Kurian, K, Pooley, K, Eeles, R, Lee, J, Fang, S, Chen, W, Law, M, Bowdler, L, Iles, M, Yang, Q, Worrall, B, Markus, H, Hung, R, Amos, C, Spurdle, A, Thompson, D, O'Mara, T, Wolpin, B, Amundadottir, L, Stolzenberg-Solomon, R, Trichopoulou, A, Onland-Moret, N, Lund, E, Duell, E, Canzian, F, Severi, G, Overvad, K, Gunter, M, Tumino, R, Svenson, U, van Rij, A, Baas, A, Bown, M, Samani, N, van t'Hof, F, Tromp, G, Jones, G, Kuivaniemi, H, Elmore, J, Johansson, M, Mckay, J, Scelo, G, Carreras-Torres, R, Gaborieau, V, Brennan, P, Bracci, P, Neale, R, Olson, S, Gallinger, S, Li, D, Petersen, G, Risch, H, Klein, A, Han, J, Abnet, C, Freedman, N, Taylor, P, Maris, J, Aben, K, Kiemeney, L, Vermeulen, S, Wiencke, J, Walsh, K, Wrensch, M, Rice, T, Turnbull, C, Litchfield, K, Paternoster, L, Standl, M, Abecasis, G, SanGiovanni, J, Li, Y, Mijatovic, V, Sapkota, Y, Low, S, Zondervan, K, Montgomery, G, Nyholt, D, van Heel, D, Hunt, K, Arking, D, Ashar, F, Sotoodehnia, N, Woo, D, Rosand, J, Comeau, M, Brown, W, Silverman, E, Hokanson, J, Cho, M, Hui, J, Ferreira, M, Thompson, P, Morrison, A, Felix, J, Smith, N, Christiano, A, Petukhova, L, Betz, R, Fan, X, Zhang, X, Zhu, C, Langefeld, C, Thompson, S, Wang, F, Lin, X, Schwartz, D, Fingerlin, T, Rotter, J, Cotch, M, Jensen, R, Munz, M, Dommisch, H, Schaefer, A, Han, F, Ollila, H, Hillary, R, Albagha, O, Ralston, S, Zeng, C, Zheng, W, Shu, X, Reis, A, Uebe, S, Hüffmeier, U, Kawamura, Y, Otowa, T, Sasaki, T, Hibberd, M, Davila, S, Xie, G, Siminovitch, K, Bei, J, Zeng, Y, Försti, A, Chen, B, Landi, S, Franke, A, Fischer, A, Ellinghaus, D, Flores, C, Noth, I, Ma, S, Foo, J, Liu, J, Kim, J, Cox, D, Delattre, O, Mirabeau, O, Skibola, C, Tang, C, Garcia-Barcelo, M, Chang, K, Su, W, Chang, Y, Martin, N, Gordon, S, Wade, T, Lee, C, Kubo, M, Cha, P, Nakamura, Y, Levy, D, Kimura, M, Hwang, S, Hunt, S, Spector, T, Soranzo, N, Manichaikul, A, Barr, R, Kahali, B, Speliotes, E, Yerges-Armstrong, L, Cheng, C, Jonas, J, Wong, T, Fogh, I, Lin, K, Powell, J, Rice, K, Relton, C, Martin, R, Davey Smith, G, Erasmus MC other, Epidemiology, and Pediatrics
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Cancer Research, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Genome-wide association study, Disease, Bioinformatics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Risk Assessment, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Telomere Homeostasis, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Neoplasms, Mendelian randomization, Journal Article, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Càncer, Germ-Line Mutation, Aged, Cancer, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Nucleotides, Odds ratio, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, Telomere, medicine.disease, Nucleòtids, 030104 developmental biology, Stem cell division, Oncology, Cardiovascular Diseases, Urological cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 15], Female, ICEP, business, Genome-Wide Association Study, Bristol Population Health Science Institute
Abstract: Importance The causal direction and magnitude of the association between telomere length and incidence of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases is uncertain owing to the susceptibility of observational studies to confounding and reverse causation. Objective To conduct a Mendelian randomization study, using germline genetic variants as instrumental variables, to appraise the causal relevance of telomere length for risk of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases. Data Sources Genomewide association studies (GWAS) published up to January 15, 2015. Study Selection GWAS of noncommunicable diseases that assayed germline genetic variation and did not select cohort or control participants on the basis of preexisting diseases. Of 163 GWAS of noncommunicable diseases identified, summary data from 103 were available. Data Extraction and Synthesis Summary association statistics for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are strongly associated with telomere length in the general population. Main Outcomes and Measures Odds ratios (ORs) and 95%confidence intervals (CIs) for disease per standard deviation (SD) higher telomere length due to germline genetic variation. Results Summary data were available for 35 cancers and 48 non-neoplastic diseases, corresponding to 420 081 cases (median cases, 2526 per disease) and 1 093 105 controls (median, 6789 per disease). Increased telomere length due to germline genetic variation was generally associated with increased risk for site-specific cancers. The strongest associations (ORs [95%CIs] per 1-SD change in genetically increased telomere length) were observed for glioma, 5.27 (3.15-8.81); serous low-malignant-potential ovarian cancer, 4.35 (2.39-7.94); lung adenocarcinoma, 3.19 (2.40-4.22); neuroblastoma, 2.98 (1.92-4.62); bladder cancer, 2.19 (1.32-3.66); melanoma, 1.87 (1.55-2.26); testicular cancer, 1.76 (1.02-3.04); kidney cancer, 1.55 (1.08-2.23); and endometrial cancer, 1.31 (1.07-1.61). Associations were stronger for rarer cancers and at tissue sites with lower rates of stem cell division. There was generally little evidence of association between genetically increased telomere length and risk of psychiatric, autoimmune, inflammatory, diabetic, and other non-neoplastic diseases, except for coronary heart disease (OR, 0.78 [95%CI, 0.67-0.90]), abdominal aortic aneurysm (OR, 0.63 [95%CI, 0.49-0.81]), celiac disease (OR, 0.42 [95%CI, 0.28-0.61]) and interstitial lung disease (OR, 0.09 [95%CI, 0.05-0.15]). Conclusions and Relevance It is likely that longer telomeres increase risk for several cancers but reduce risk for some non-neoplastic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.
Published: 2017
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160. Association between Polygenic Risk Scores for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Educational and Cognitive Outcomes in the General Population

Author: Stergiakouli E, Joanna Martin, Ml, Hamshere, Heron J, St Pourcain B, Nj, Timpson, Thapar A, and Davey Smith G
Subjects: Male, Multifactorial Inheritance, Adolescent, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Mothers, Severity of Illness Index, Cognition, Risk Factors, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Netherlands, Intelligence Tests, education, Academic Success, Neurocognitive Development and Mental Health, cognitive traits, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), Phenotype, polygenic risk scores, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Intergenerational Relations, Multivariate Analysis, Linear Models, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Background: Children with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have lower cognitive ability and are at risk of adverse educational outcomes; ADHD genetic risks have been found to predict childhood cognitive ability and other neurodevelopmental traits in the general population; thus genetic risks might plausibly also contribute to cognitive ability later in development and to educational underachievement. Methods: We generated ADHD polygenic risk scores in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children participants (maximum N: 6928 children and 7280 mothers) based on the results of a discovery clinical sample, a genome-wide association study of 727 cases with ADHD diagnosis and 5081 controls. We tested if ADHD polygenic risk scores were associated with educational outcomes and IQ in adolescents and their mothers. Results: High ADHD polygenic scores in adolescents were associated with worse educational outcomes at Key Stage 3 [national tests conducted at age 13–14 years; β = −1.4 (−2.0 to −0.8), P = 2.3 × 10−6), at General Certificate of Secondary Education exams at age 15–16 years (β = −4.0 (−6.1 to −1.9), P = 1.8 × 10−4], reduced odds of sitting Key Stage 5 examinations at age 16–18 years [odds ratio (OR) = 0.90 (0.88 to 0.97), P = 0.001] and lower IQ scores at age 15.5 [β = −0.8 (−1.2 to −0.4), P = 2.4 × 10−4]. Moreover, maternal ADHD polygenic scores were associated with lower maternal educational achievement [β = −0.09 (−0.10 to −0.06), P = 0.005] and lower maternal IQ [β = −0.6 (−1.2 to −0.1), P = 0.03]. Conclusions: ADHD diagnosis risk alleles impact on functional outcomes in two generations (mother and child) and likely have intergenerational environmental effects.
Published: 2017
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161. Early life diarrhoea and later blood pressure in a developing country: the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study

Author: Batty, G.D., Horta, B.L., Davey Smith, G., Barros, F.C., and Victora, C.
Subjects: Diarrhea in children -- Physiological aspects, Diarrhea in children -- Patient outcomes, Diarrhea in children -- Research, Hypertension -- Risk factors, Hypertension -- Research, Dehydration (Physiology) -- Physiological aspects, Dehydration (Physiology) -- Demographic aspects, Dehydration (Physiology) -- Research, Health, Social sciences
Published: 2009

162. Life course accumulation of disadvantage: childhood health and hazard exposure during adulthood

Author: Holland, P., Berney, L., Blane, D., Davey Smith, G., Gunnell, D.J., and Montgomery, S.M.
Published: 2000
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163. Season and outdoor ambient temperature: effects on birth weight

Author: Murray, L.J, O’Reilly, D.P.J, Betts, N, Patterson, C.C, Davey Smith, G, and Evans, A.E
Published: 2000
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164. P8 Investigating epigenetic differences in response to shift work: findings from understanding society (UK longitudinal household survey)

Author: Richmond, RC, primary, Bao, Y, additional, Smart, M, additional, Gorrie-Stone, T, additional, Schalkwyk, L, additional, Mill, J, additional, Davey Smith, G, additional, Benzeval, M, additional, Relton, C, additional, and Kumari, M, additional
Published: 2018
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165. Meffil: efficient normalization and analysis of very large DNA methylation datasets

Author: Min, J L, primary, Hemani, G, additional, Davey Smith, G, additional, Relton, C, additional, and Suderman, M, additional
Published: 2018
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166. Causal effects for higher body mass index, but not for triglyceride levels or genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes, on osteoarthritis

Author: Hartwig, F.P., primary, Steinberg, J., additional, Zengini, E., additional, Hatzikotoulas, K., additional, Southam, L., additional, Tachmazidou, I., additional, Wilkinson, J., additional, Davey Smith, G., additional, and Zeggini, E., additional
Published: 2018
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167. Appraising the causal relevance of DNA methylation for risk of lung cancer

Author: Battram, T, primary, Richmond, RC, additional, Baglietto, L, additional, Haycock, P, additional, Perduca, V, additional, Bojesen, S, additional, Gaunt, TR, additional, Hemani, G, additional, Guida, F, additional, Carreras-Torres, R, additional, Hung, R, additional, Amos, CI, additional, Freeman, JR, additional, Sandanger, TM, additional, Nøst, TH, additional, Nordestgaard, B, additional, Teschendorff, AE, additional, Polidoro, S, additional, Vineis, P, additional, Severi, G, additional, Hodge, A, additional, Giles, G, additional, Grankvist, K, additional, Johansson, MB, additional, Johansson, M, additional, Davey Smith, G, additional, and Relton, CL, additional
Published: 2018
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168. Zout en bloeddruk

Author: Hooper, L, Bartlett, C, Davey Smith, G, and Ebrahim, S.
Published: 2003
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169. ASD and schizophrenia show distinct developmental profiles in common genetic overlap with population-based social communication difficulties

Author: St Pourcain, B, Robinson, E B, Anttila, V, Sullivan, B B, Maller, J, Golding, J, Skuse, D, Ring, S, Evans, D M, Zammit, S, Fisher, S E, Neale, B M, Anney, R J L, Ripke, S, Hollegaard, M V, Werge, T, Ronald, A, Grove, J, Hougaard, D M, Børglum, A D, Mortensen, P B, Daly, M J, Davey Smith, G, St Pourcain, B, Robinson, E B, Anttila, V, Sullivan, B B, Maller, J, Golding, J, Skuse, D, Ring, S, Evans, D M, Zammit, S, Fisher, S E, Neale, B M, Anney, R J L, Ripke, S, Hollegaard, M V, Werge, T, Ronald, A, Grove, J, Hougaard, D M, Børglum, A D, Mortensen, P B, Daly, M J, and Davey Smith, G
Abstract: Difficulties in social communication are part of the phenotypic overlap between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia. Both conditions follow, however, distinct developmental patterns. Symptoms of ASD typically occur during early childhood, whereas most symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia do not appear before early adulthood. We investigated whether overlap in common genetic influences between these clinical conditions and impairments in social communication depends on the developmental stage of the assessed trait. Social communication difficulties were measured in typically-developing youth (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, N⩽5553, longitudinal assessments at 8, 11, 14 and 17 years) using the Social Communication Disorder Checklist. Data on clinical ASD (PGC-ASD: 5305 cases, 5305 pseudo-controls; iPSYCH-ASD: 7783 cases, 11 359 controls) and schizophrenia (PGC-SCZ2: 34 241 cases, 45 604 controls, 1235 trios) were either obtained through the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) or the Danish iPSYCH project. Overlap in genetic influences between ASD and social communication difficulties during development decreased with age, both in the PGC-ASD and the iPSYCH-ASD sample. Genetic overlap between schizophrenia and social communication difficulties, by contrast, persisted across age, as observed within two independent PGC-SCZ2 subsamples, and showed an increase in magnitude for traits assessed during later adolescence. ASD- and schizophrenia-related polygenic effects were unrelated to each other and changes in trait-disorder links reflect the heterogeneity of genetic factors influencing social communication difficulties during childhood versus later adolescence. Thus, both clinical ASD and schizophrenia share some genetic influences with impairments in social communication, but reveal distinct developmental profiles in their genetic links, consistent with the onset of clinical symptoms.
Published: 2018

170. Cohort Profile: Pregnancy And Childhood Epigenetics (PACE) Consortium.

Author: Felix, JF, Joubert, BR, Baccarelli, AA, Sharp, GC, Almqvist, C, Annesi-Maesano, I, Arshad, H, Baïz, N, Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ, Bakulski, KM, Binder, EB, Bouchard, L, Breton, CV, Brunekreef, B, Brunst, KJ, Burchard, EG, Bustamante, M, Chatzi, L, Cheng Munthe-Kaas, M, Corpeleijn, E, Czamara, D, Dabelea, D, Davey Smith, G, De Boever, P, Duijts, L, Dwyer, T, Eng, C, Eskenazi, B, Everson, TM, Falahi, F, Fallin, MD, Farchi, S, Fernandez, MF, Gao, L, Gaunt, TR, Ghantous, A, Gillman, MW, Gonseth, S, Grote, V, Gruzieva, O, Håberg, SE, Herceg, Z, Hivert, M-F, Holland, N, Holloway, JW, Hoyo, C, Hu, D, Huang, R-C, Huen, K, Järvelin, M-R, Jima, DD, Just, AC, Karagas, MR, Karlsson, R, Karmaus, W, Kechris, KJ, Kere, J, Kogevinas, M, Koletzko, B, Koppelman, GH, Küpers, LK, Ladd-Acosta, C, Lahti, J, Lambrechts, N, Langie, SAS, Lie, RT, Liu, AH, Magnus, MC, Magnus, P, Maguire, RL, Marsit, CJ, McArdle, W, Melén, E, Melton, P, Murphy, SK, Nawrot, TS, Nisticò, L, Nohr, EA, Nordlund, B, Nystad, W, Oh, SS, Oken, E, Page, CM, Perron, P, Pershagen, G, Pizzi, C, Plusquin, M, Raikkonen, K, Reese, SE, Reischl, E, Richiardi, L, Ring, S, Roy, RP, Rzehak, P, Schoeters, G, Schwartz, DA, Sebert, S, Snieder, H, Sørensen, TIA, Starling, AP, Sunyer, J, Taylor, JA, Tiemeier, H, Ullemar, V, Vafeiadi, M, Van Ijzendoorn, MH, Vonk, JM, Vriens, A, Vrijheid, M, Wang, P, Wiemels, JL, Wilcox, AJ, Wright, RJ, Xu, C-J, Xu, Z, Yang, IV, Yousefi, P, Zhang, H, Zhang, W, Zhao, S, Agha, G, Relton, CL, Jaddoe, VWV, London, SJ, Felix, JF, Joubert, BR, Baccarelli, AA, Sharp, GC, Almqvist, C, Annesi-Maesano, I, Arshad, H, Baïz, N, Bakermans-Kranenburg, MJ, Bakulski, KM, Binder, EB, Bouchard, L, Breton, CV, Brunekreef, B, Brunst, KJ, Burchard, EG, Bustamante, M, Chatzi, L, Cheng Munthe-Kaas, M, Corpeleijn, E, Czamara, D, Dabelea, D, Davey Smith, G, De Boever, P, Duijts, L, Dwyer, T, Eng, C, Eskenazi, B, Everson, TM, Falahi, F, Fallin, MD, Farchi, S, Fernandez, MF, Gao, L, Gaunt, TR, Ghantous, A, Gillman, MW, Gonseth, S, Grote, V, Gruzieva, O, Håberg, SE, Herceg, Z, Hivert, M-F, Holland, N, Holloway, JW, Hoyo, C, Hu, D, Huang, R-C, Huen, K, Järvelin, M-R, Jima, DD, Just, AC, Karagas, MR, Karlsson, R, Karmaus, W, Kechris, KJ, Kere, J, Kogevinas, M, Koletzko, B, Koppelman, GH, Küpers, LK, Ladd-Acosta, C, Lahti, J, Lambrechts, N, Langie, SAS, Lie, RT, Liu, AH, Magnus, MC, Magnus, P, Maguire, RL, Marsit, CJ, McArdle, W, Melén, E, Melton, P, Murphy, SK, Nawrot, TS, Nisticò, L, Nohr, EA, Nordlund, B, Nystad, W, Oh, SS, Oken, E, Page, CM, Perron, P, Pershagen, G, Pizzi, C, Plusquin, M, Raikkonen, K, Reese, SE, Reischl, E, Richiardi, L, Ring, S, Roy, RP, Rzehak, P, Schoeters, G, Schwartz, DA, Sebert, S, Snieder, H, Sørensen, TIA, Starling, AP, Sunyer, J, Taylor, JA, Tiemeier, H, Ullemar, V, Vafeiadi, M, Van Ijzendoorn, MH, Vonk, JM, Vriens, A, Vrijheid, M, Wang, P, Wiemels, JL, Wilcox, AJ, Wright, RJ, Xu, C-J, Xu, Z, Yang, IV, Yousefi, P, Zhang, H, Zhang, W, Zhao, S, Agha, G, Relton, CL, Jaddoe, VWV, and London, SJ
Published: 2018

171. Metabolomic consequences of genetic inhibition of PCSK9 compared with statin treatment

Author: Sliz, E. (Eeva), Kettunen, J. (Johannes), Holmes, M. V. (Michael V.), Williams, C. O. (Clare Oliver), Boachie, C. (Charles), Wang, Q. (Qin), Maennikkoe, M. (Minna), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Walters, R. (Robin), Lin, K. (Kuang), Millwood, I. Y. (Iona Y.), Clarke, R. (Robert), Li, L. (Liming), Rankin, N. (Naomi), Welsh, P. (Paul), Delles, C. (Christian), Jukema, J. W. (J. Wouter), Trompet, S. (Stella), Ford, I. (Ian), Perola, M. (Markus), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Jaervelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Lawlor, D. A. (Debbie A.), Ala-Korpela, M. (Mika), Danesh, J. (John), Davey Smith, G. (George), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Butterworth, A. (Adam), Wuertz, P. (Peter), Sliz, E. (Eeva), Kettunen, J. (Johannes), Holmes, M. V. (Michael V.), Williams, C. O. (Clare Oliver), Boachie, C. (Charles), Wang, Q. (Qin), Maennikkoe, M. (Minna), Sebert, S. (Sylvain), Walters, R. (Robin), Lin, K. (Kuang), Millwood, I. Y. (Iona Y.), Clarke, R. (Robert), Li, L. (Liming), Rankin, N. (Naomi), Welsh, P. (Paul), Delles, C. (Christian), Jukema, J. W. (J. Wouter), Trompet, S. (Stella), Ford, I. (Ian), Perola, M. (Markus), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Jaervelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Chen, Z. (Zhengming), Lawlor, D. A. (Debbie A.), Ala-Korpela, M. (Mika), Danesh, J. (John), Davey Smith, G. (George), Sattar, N. (Naveed), Butterworth, A. (Adam), and Wuertz, P. (Peter)
Abstract: Background: Both statins and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors lower blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels to reduce risk of cardiovascular events. To assess potential differences between metabolic effects of these 2 lipid-lowering therapies, we performed detailed lipid and metabolite profiling of a large randomized statin trial and compared the results with the effects of genetic inhibition of PCSK9, acting as a naturally occurring trial. Methods: Two hundred twenty-eight circulating metabolic measures were quantified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including lipoprotein subclass concentrations and their lipid composition, fatty acids, and amino acids, for 5359 individuals (2659 on treatment) in the PROSPER (Prospective Study of Pravastatin in the Elderly at Risk) trial at 6 months postrandomization. The corresponding metabolic measures were analyzed in 8 population cohorts (N=72 185) using PCSK9 rs11591147 as an unconfounded proxy to mimic the therapeutic effects of PCSK9 inhibitors. Results: Scaled to an equivalent lowering of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, the effects of genetic inhibition of PCSK9 on 228 metabolic markers were generally consistent with those of statin therapy (R²=0.88). Alterations in lipoprotein lipid composition and fatty acid distribution were similar. However, discrepancies were observed for very-low-density lipoprotein lipid measures. For instance, genetic inhibition of PCSK9 had weaker effects on lowering of very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with statin therapy (54% versus 77% reduction, relative to the lowering effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; P=2×10⁻⁷ for heterogeneity). Genetic inhibition of PCSK9 showed no significant effects on amino acids, ketones, or a marker of inflammation (GlycA), whereas statin treatment weakly lowered GlycA levels. Conclusions: Genetic inhibition of PCSK9 had similar metabolic effects to statin therapy on detaile
Published: 2018

172. Sex-specific relevance of diabetes to occlusive vascular and other mortality: a collaborative meta-analysis of individual data from 980?793 adults from 68 prospective studies

Author: Gnatiuc, L., Herrington, W., Halsey, J., Tuomilehto, J., Fang, X., Kim, H., De Bacquer, D., Dobson, A., Criqui, M., Jacobs, D., Leon, D., Peters, S., Ueshima, H., Sherliker, P., Peto, R., Collins, R., Huxley, Rachel, Emberson, J., Woodward, M., Lewington, S., Aoki, N., Arima, H., Arnesen, E., Aromaa, A., Assmann, G., Bachman, D., Baigent, C., Bartholomew, H., Benetos, A., Bengtsson, C., Bennett, D., Björkelund, C., Blackburn, H., Bonaa, K., Boyle, E., Broadhurst, R., Carstensen, J., Chambless, L., Chen, Z., Chew, S., Clarke, R., Cox, C., Curb, J., D'Agostino, R., Date, C., Davey Smith, G., De Backer, G., Dhaliwal, S., Duan, X., Ducimetiere, P., Duffy, S., Eliassen, H., Elwood, P., Empana, J., Garcia-Palmieri, M., Gazes, P., Giles, G., Gillis, C., Goldbourt, U., Gu, D., Guasch-Ferre, M., Guize, L., Haheim, L., Hart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hashimoto, T., Heng, D., Hjermann, I., Ho, S., Hobbs, M., Hole, D., Holme, I., Horibe, H., Hozawa, A., Hu, F., Hughes, K., Iida, M., Imai, K., Imai, Y., Iso, H., Jackson, R., Jamrozik, K., Jee, S., Jensen, G., Jiang, C., Johansen, N., Jorgensen, T., Jousilahti, P., Kagaya, M., Keil, J., Keller, J., Kim, I., Kita, Y., Kitamura, A., Kiyohara, Y., Knekt, P., Knuiman, M., Kornitzer, M., Kromhout, D., Kronmal, R., Gnatiuc, L., Herrington, W., Halsey, J., Tuomilehto, J., Fang, X., Kim, H., De Bacquer, D., Dobson, A., Criqui, M., Jacobs, D., Leon, D., Peters, S., Ueshima, H., Sherliker, P., Peto, R., Collins, R., Huxley, Rachel, Emberson, J., Woodward, M., Lewington, S., Aoki, N., Arima, H., Arnesen, E., Aromaa, A., Assmann, G., Bachman, D., Baigent, C., Bartholomew, H., Benetos, A., Bengtsson, C., Bennett, D., Björkelund, C., Blackburn, H., Bonaa, K., Boyle, E., Broadhurst, R., Carstensen, J., Chambless, L., Chen, Z., Chew, S., Clarke, R., Cox, C., Curb, J., D'Agostino, R., Date, C., Davey Smith, G., De Backer, G., Dhaliwal, S., Duan, X., Ducimetiere, P., Duffy, S., Eliassen, H., Elwood, P., Empana, J., Garcia-Palmieri, M., Gazes, P., Giles, G., Gillis, C., Goldbourt, U., Gu, D., Guasch-Ferre, M., Guize, L., Haheim, L., Hart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hashimoto, T., Heng, D., Hjermann, I., Ho, S., Hobbs, M., Hole, D., Holme, I., Horibe, H., Hozawa, A., Hu, F., Hughes, K., Iida, M., Imai, K., Imai, Y., Iso, H., Jackson, R., Jamrozik, K., Jee, S., Jensen, G., Jiang, C., Johansen, N., Jorgensen, T., Jousilahti, P., Kagaya, M., Keil, J., Keller, J., Kim, I., Kita, Y., Kitamura, A., Kiyohara, Y., Knekt, P., Knuiman, M., Kornitzer, M., Kromhout, D., and Kronmal, R.
Abstract: © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Background: Several studies have shown that diabetes confers a higher relative risk of vascular mortality among women than among men, but whether this increased relative risk in women exists across age groups and within defined levels of other risk factors is uncertain. We aimed to determine whether differences in established risk factors, such as blood pressure, BMI, smoking, and cholesterol, explain the higher relative risks of vascular mortality among women than among men. Methods: In our meta-analysis, we obtained individual participant-level data from studies included in the Prospective Studies Collaboration and the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration that had obtained baseline information on age, sex, diabetes, total cholesterol, blood pressure, tobacco use, height, and weight. Data on causes of death were obtained from medical death certificates. We used Cox regression models to assess the relevance of diabetes (any type) to occlusive vascular mortality (ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, or other atherosclerotic deaths) by age, sex, and other major vascular risk factors, and to assess whether the associations of blood pressure, total cholesterol, and body-mass index (BMI) to occlusive vascular mortality are modified by diabetes. Results: Individual participant-level data were analysed from 980 793 adults. During 9·8 million person-years of follow-up, among participants aged between 35 and 89 years, 19 686 (25·6%) of 76 965 deaths were attributed to occlusive vascular disease. After controlling for major vascular risk factors, diabetes roughly doubled occlusive vascular mortality risk among men (death rate ratio [RR] 2·10, 95% CI 1·97–2·24) and tripled risk among women (3·00, 2·71–3·33; ?2test for heterogeneity p<0·0001). For both sexes combined, the occlusive vascular death RRs were higher in younger individuals (aged 35–59 years: 2·60
Published: 2018

173. Education and coronary heart disease:Mendelian randomisation study

Author: Tillmann, T, Vaucher, J, Okbay, A, Pikhart, H, Peasey, A, Kubinova, R, Pajak, A, Tamosiunas, A, Malyutina, S, Hartwig, FP, Fischer, K, Veronesi, G, Palmer, T, Bowden, J, Davey Smith, G, Bobak, M, Holmes, MV, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, and Complex Trait Genetics
Subjects: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION, IMPACT, DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, ADULT MORTALITY, RISK-FACTORS, SOCIOECONOMIC POSITION, 52 COUNTRIES, EPIDEMIOLOGY, ARCHITECTURE, Coronary Disease, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, Coronary Disease/genetics, Coronary Disease/prevention & control, Educational Status, Europe/ethnology, Female, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Observational Studies as Topic, Social Class, Schools, Research, Europe
Abstract: Objective To determine whether educational attainment is a causal risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Design Mendelian randomisation study, using genetic data as proxies for education to minimise confounding. Setting The main analysis used genetic data from two large consortia (CARDIoGRAMplusC4D and SSGAC), comprising 112 studies from predominantly high income countries. Findings from mendelian randomisation analyses were then compared against results from traditional observational studies (164 170 participants). Finally, genetic data from six additional consortia were analysed to investigate whether longer education can causally alter the common cardiovascular risk factors. Participants The main analysis was of 543 733 men and women (from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D and SSGAC), predominantly of European origin. Exposure A one standard deviation increase in the genetic predisposition towards higher education (3.6 years of additional schooling), measured by 162 genetic variants that have been previously associated with education. Main outcome measure Combined fatal and non-fatal coronary heart disease (63 746 events in CARDIoGRAMplusC4D). Results Genetic predisposition towards 3.6 years of additional education was associated with a one third lower risk of coronary heart disease (odds ratio 0.67, 95% confidence interval 0.59 to 0.77; P=3×10-8). This was comparable to findings from traditional observational studies (prevalence odds ratio 0.73, 0.68 to 0.78; incidence odds ratio 0.80, 0.76 to 0.83). Sensitivity analyses were consistent with a causal interpretation in which major bias from genetic pleiotropy was unlikely, although this remains an untestable possibility. Genetic predisposition towards longer education was additionally associated with less smoking, lower body mass index, and a favourable blood lipid profile. Conclusions This mendelian randomisation study found support for the hypothesis that low education is a causal risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Potential mechanisms could include smoking, body mass index, and blood lipids. In conjunction with the results from studies with other designs, these findings suggest that increasing education may result in substantial health benefits.
Published: 2017
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174. Rare Variant Analysis of Human and Rodent Obesity Genes in Individuals with Severe Childhood Obesity

Author: Hendricks, A.E. Bochukova, E.G. Marenne, G. Keogh, J.M. Atanassova, N. Bounds, R. Wheeler, E. Mistry, V. Henning, E. Körner, A. Muddyman, D. McCarthy, S. Hinney, A. Hebebrand, J. Scott, R.A. Langenberg, C. Wareham, N.J. Surendran, P. Howson, J.M. Butterworth, A.S. Danesh, J. Nordestgaard, Bø.G. Nielsen, S.F. Afzal, S. Papadia, S. Ashford, S. Garg, S. Millhauser, G.L. Palomino, R.I. Kwasniewska, A. Tachmazidou, I. O'Rahilly, S. Zeggini, E. Barroso, I. Farooqi, I.S. Benzeval, M. Burton, J. Buck, N. Jäckle, A. Kumari, M. Laurie, H. Lynn, P. Pudney, S. Rabe, B. Wolke, D. Overvad, K. Tjønneland, A. Clavel-Chapelon, F. Kaaks, R. Boeing, H. Trichopoulou, A. Ferrari, P. Palli, D. Krogha, V. Panico, S. Tuminoa, R. Matullo, G. Boer, J. Van Der Schouw, Y. Weiderpass, E. Quiros, J.R. Sánchez, M.-J. Navarro, C. Moreno-Iribas, C. Arriola, L. Melander, O. Wennberg, P. Key, T.J. Riboli, E. Turki, S.A. Anderson, C.A. Anney, R. Antony, D. Soler Artigas, M. Ayub, M. Bala, S. Barrett, J.C. Beales, P. Bentham, J. Bhattacharyaa, S. Birney, E. Blackwooda, D. Bobrow, M. Bolton, P.F. Boustred, C. Breen, G. Calissanoa, M. Carss, K. Charlton, R. Chatterjee, K. Chen, L. Ciampia, A. Cirak, S. Clapham, P. Clement, G. Coates, G. Coccaa, M. Collier, D.A. Cosgrove, C. Coxa, T. Craddock, N. Crooks, L. Curran, S. Curtis, D. Daly, A. Danecek, P. Day, I.N.M. Day-Williams, A. Dominiczak, A. Down, T. Du, Y. Dunham, I. Durbin, R. Edkins, S. Ekong, R. Ellis, P. Evansa, D.M. Fitzpatrick, D.R. Flicek, P. Floyd, J. Foley, A.R. Franklin, C.S. Futema, M. Gallagher, L. Gaunt, T.R. Geihs, M. Geschwind, D. Greenwood, C.M.T. Griffin, H. Grozeva, D. Guo, X. Guo, X. Gurling, H. Hart, D. Holmans, P. Howie, B. Huang, J. Huang, L. Hubbard, T. Humphries, S.E. Hurles, M.E. Hysi, P. Iotchkova, V. Jackson, D.K. Jamshidi, Y. Joyce, C. Karczewski, K.J. Kaye, J. Keane, T. Kemp, J.P. Kennedy, K. Kent, A. Khawaja, F. Van Kogelenberg, M. Kolb-Kokocinski, A. Lachance, G. Langford, C. Lawson, D. Lee, I. Lek, M. Li, R. Li, Y. Liang, J. Lin, H. Liu, R. Lönnqvist, J. Lopes, L.R. Lopes, M. MacArthur, D.G. Mangino, M. Marchini, J. Maslen, J. Mathieson, I. McGuffin, P. McIntosh, A.M. McKechanie, A.G. McQuillin, A. Memari, Y. Metrustry, S. Migone, N. Min, J.L. Mitchison, H.M. Moayyeri, A. Morris, A. Morris, J. Muntoni, F. Northstone, K. O'Donovan, M.C. Onoufriadis, A. Oualkacha, K. Owen, M.J. Palotie, A. Panoutsopoulou, K. Parker, V. Parr, J.R. Paternoster, L. Paunio, T. Payne, F. Payne, S.J. Perry, J.R.B. Pietilainen, O. Plagnol, V. Pollitt, R.C. Porteous, D.J. Povey, S. Quail, M.A. Quaye, L. Raymond, F.L. Rehnström, K. Richards, J.B. Ridout, C.K. Ring, S. Ritchie, G.R.S. Roberts, N. Robinson, R.L. Savage, D.B. Scambler, P. Schiffels, S. Schmidts, M. Schoenmakers, N. Scott, R.H. Semple, R.K. Serra, E. Sharp, S.I. Shaw, A. Shihab, H.A. Shin, S.-Y. Skuse, D. Small, K.S. Smee, C. Smith, B.H. Davey Smith, G. Soranzo, N. Southam, L. Spasic-Boskovic, O. Spector, T.D. St Clair, D. St Pourcain, B. Stalker, J. Stevens, E. Sun, J. Surdulescu, G. Suvisaari, J. Syrris, P. Taylor, R. Tian, J. Timpson, N.J. Tobin, M.D. Valdes, A.M. Vandersteen, A.M. Vijayarangakannan, P. Visscher, P.M. Wain, L.V. Walter, K. Walters, J.T.R. Wang, G. Wang, J. Wang, Y. Ward, K. Whyte, T. Williams, H.J. Williamson, K.A. Wilson, C. Wilson, S.G. Wong, K. Xu, C. Yang, J. Zhang, F. Zhang, P. Zheng, H.-F.
Abstract: Obesity is a genetically heterogeneous disorder. Using targeted and whole-exome sequencing, we studied 32 human and 87 rodent obesity genes in 2,548 severely obese children and 1,117 controls. We identified 52 variants contributing to obesity in 2% of cases including multiple novel variants in GNAS, which were sometimes found with accelerated growth rather than short stature as described previously. Nominally significant associations were found for rare functional variants in BBS1, BBS9, GNAS, MKKS, CLOCK and ANGPTL6. The p.S284X variant in ANGPTL6 drives the association signal (rs201622589, MAF∼0.1%, odds ratio = 10.13, p-value = 0.042) and results in complete loss of secretion in cells. Further analysis including additional case-control studies and population controls (N = 260,642) did not support association of this variant with obesity (odds ratio = 2.34, p-value = 2.59 × 10-3), highlighting the challenges of testing rare variant associations and the need for very large sample sizes. Further validation in cohorts with severe obesity and engineering the variants in model organisms will be needed to explore whether human variants in ANGPTL6 and other genes that lead to obesity when deleted in mice, do contribute to obesity. Such studies may yield druggable targets for weight loss therapies. © 2017 The Author(s).
Published: 2017

175. ASD and schizophrenia show distinct developmental profiles in common genetic overlap with population-based social communication difficulties

Author: St Pourcain, B., Robinson, E., Anttila, V., Sullivan, B., Maller, J, Golding, J, Skuse, D, Ring, S., Evans, D M, Zammit, S, Fisher, S.E., Neale, B., Anney, R J L, Ripke, S., Hollegaard, M V, Werge, T., iPSYCH-SSI-Broad Autism Group, ., Ronald, A., Grove, J, Hougaard, D M, Børglum, A.D., Mortensen, P B, Daly, M J, and Davey Smith, G.
Subjects: Neuroinformatics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries)
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 181483.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) 03 januari 2017 8 p.
Published: 2017

176. Placental size is associated differently with postnatal bone size and density

Author: Holroyd, C.R., Osmond, C., Barker, D.J., Ring, S., Lawlor, D.A., Tobias, J.H., Davey Smith, G., Cooper, C., and Harvey, N.C.
Abstract: We investigated relationships between placental size and offspring adolescent bone indices using a population-based mother-offspring cohort. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) recruited pregnant women from the South West of England between 1991 and 1993. 12,942 singleton babies were born at term and survived at least the first 12-months and from these, 8933 placentas were preserved in formaldehyde, with maternal permission for their use in research studies. At approximately 15.5 years the children underwent a DXA [Dual energy X-ray Absorptiometry) scan (measurements taken of whole body minus head bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), and areal bone mineral density (aBMD)]. A pQCT (peripheral quantitative computed tomography) scan (Stratec XCT2000L) at the 50% tibial site was performed at this visit and at approximately 17.7 years. In 2010 a sample of 1,680 placentas were measured and photographed. To enable comparison of effect size across different variables, predictor and outcome variables were standardised to z-scores and therefore results may be interpreted as partial correlation coefficients. Complete placental, DXA and pQCT data were available for 518 children at 15.5 years. After adjustment for sex, gestational age at birth and age at time of pQCT, placental area was positively associated with endosteal circumference [? (95% CI): 0.21 (0.13, 0.30), p?0.001], periosteal circumference [? (95% CI): 0.19 (0.10, 0.27), p?
Published: 2016

177. Assessing the role of insulin-like growth factors and binding proteins in prostate cancer using Mendelian randomization:Genetic variants as instruments for circulating levels

Author: Bonilla, C, Lewis, SJ, Rowlands, MA, Gaunt, TR, Davey Smith, G, Gunnell, D, Palmer, T, Donovan, JL, Hamdy, F, Neal, DE, Eeles, R, Easton, D, Kote-Jarai, Z, Al Olama, AA, Benlloch, S, Muir, K, Giles, GG, Wiklund, F, Grönberg, H, Haiman, CA, Schleutker, J, Nordestgaard, BG, Travis, RC, Pashayan, N, Khaw, KT, Stanford, JL, Blot, WJ, Thibodeau, S, Maier, C, Kibel, AS, Cybulski, C, Cannon-Albright, L, Brenner, H, Park, J, Kaneva, R, Batra, J, Teixeira, MR, Pandha, H, Lathrop, M, Martin, RM, and Holly, JM
Subjects: Male, insulin‐like growth factor‐binding proteins, insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, PRACTICAL, insulin‐like growth factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms, Somatomedins, insulin-like growth factors, Mendelian randomization, Journal Article, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Prostatic Neoplasms, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Middle Aged, ALSPAC, prostate cancer, United Kingdom, UKHLS, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins, IGFBP3, Case-Control Studies, ProtecT, Neoplasm Grading, Cancer Epidemiology, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Circulating insulin‐like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) are associated with prostate cancer. Using genetic variants as instruments for IGF peptides, we investigated whether these associations are likely to be causal. We identified from the literature 56 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IGF axis previously associated with biomarker levels (8 from a genome‐wide association study [GWAS] and 48 in reported candidate genes). In ∼700 men without prostate cancer and two replication cohorts (N ∼ 900 and ∼9,000), we examined the properties of these SNPS as instrumental variables (IVs) for IGF‐I, IGF‐II, IGFBP‐2 and IGFBP‐3. Those confirmed as strong IVs were tested for association with prostate cancer risk, low (< 7) vs. high (≥ 7) Gleason grade, localised vs. advanced stage, and mortality, in 22,936 controls and 22,992 cases. IV analysis was used in an attempt to estimate the causal effect of circulating IGF peptides on prostate cancer. Published SNPs in the IGFBP1/IGFBP3 gene region, particularly rs11977526, were strong instruments for IGF‐II and IGFBP‐3, less so for IGF‐I. Rs11977526 was associated with high (vs. low) Gleason grade (OR per IGF‐II/IGFBP‐3 level‐raising allele 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.10). Using rs11977526 as an IV we estimated the causal effect of a one SD increase in IGF‐II (∼265 ng/mL) on risk of high vs. low grade disease as 1.14 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.31). Because of the potential for pleiotropy of the genetic instruments, these findings can only causally implicate the IGF pathway in general, not any one specific biomarker., What's New? Circulating insulin‐like growth factors (IGF) and their binding proteins have been associated with prostate cancer risk in observational epidemiological studies but it is not clear whether there is a causal relationship with disease. To address this question, the authors used Mendelian randomization, a method that uses genetic variants as proxies for measured exposures. Their results implicate the IGF pathway in general in prostate cancer development but specific biomarkers remain to be determined.
Published: 2016
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178. Correction: Meta-analysis of 375,000 individuals identifies 38 susceptibility loci for migraine

Author: Gormley, P, Anttila, V, Winsvold, BS, Palta, P, Esko, T, Pers, TH, Farh, KH, Cuenca-Leon, E, Muona, M, Furlotte, NA, Kurth, T, Ingason, A, McMahon, G, Ligthart, L, Terwindt, GM, Kallela, M, Freilinger, TM, Ran, C, Gordon, SG, Stam, AH, Steinberg, S, Borck, G, Koiranen, M, Quaye, L, Adams, HHH, Lehtimäki, T, Sarin, AP, Wedenoja, J, Hinds, DA, Buring, JE, Schürks, M, Ridker, PM, Gudlaug Hrafnsdottir, M, Stefansson, H, Ring, SM, Hottenga, JJ, Penninx, BWJH, Färkkilä, M, Artto, V, Kaunisto, M, Vepsäläinen, S, Malik, R, Heath, AC, Madden, PAF, Martin, NG, Montgomery, GW, Kurki, MI, Kals, M, Mägi, R, Pärn, K, Hämäläinen, E, Huang, H, Byrnes, AE, Franke, L, Huang, J, Stergiakouli, E, Lee, PH, Sandor, C, Webber, C, Cader, Z, Muller-Myhsok, B, Schreiber, S, Meitinger, T, Eriksson, JG, Salomaa, V, Heikkilä, K, Loehrer, E, Uitterlinden, AG, Hofman, A, Van Duijn, CM, Cherkas, L, Pedersen, LM, Stubhaug, A, Nielsen, CS, Männikkö, M, Mihailov, E, Milani, L, Göbel, H, Esserlind, AL, Francke Christensen, A, Folkmann Hansen, T, Werge, T, Kaprio, J, Aromaa, AJ, Raitakari, O, Arfan Ikram, M, Spector, T, Järvelin, MR, Metspalu, A, Kubisch, C, Strachan, DP, Ferrari, MD, Belin, AC, Dichgans, M, Wessman, M, Van den Maagdenberg, AMJM, Zwart, JA, Boomsma, DI, and Davey Smith, G
Subjects: ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, 06 Biological Sciences, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology
Abstract: In the version of this article initially published online, the affiliations for Bertram Muller-Myhsok and Patricia Pozo-Rosich were incorrect or incomplete. These errors have been corrected for the print, PDF and HTML versions of this article.
Published: 2016

179. Prevalence of radiographic hip osteoarthritis is increased in high bone mass

Author: Hardcastle, SA, Dieppe, P, Gregson, C, Hunter, D, Arden, N, Spector, T, Hart, D, Laugharne, M, Clague, G, Edwards, M, Dennison, E, Cooper, C, Williams, M, Davey Smith, G, and Tobias, J
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological studies have shown an association between increased bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoarthritis (OA), but whether this represents cause or effect remains unclear. In this study, we used a novel approach to investigate this question, determining whether individuals with High Bone Mass (HBM) have a higher prevalence of radiographic hip OA compared with controls. DESIGN: HBM cases came from the UK-based HBM study: HBM was defined by BMD Z-score. Unaffected relatives of index cases were recruited as family controls. Age-stratified random sampling was used to select further population controls from the Chingford and Hertfordshire cohort studies. Pelvic radiographs were pooled and assessed by a single observer blinded to case-control status. Analyses used logistic regression, adjusted for age, gender and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: 530 HBM hips in 272 cases (mean age 62.9 years, 74% female) and 1702 control hips in 863 controls (mean age 64.8 years, 84% female) were analysed. The prevalence of radiographic OA, defined as Croft score ≥3, was higher in cases compared with controls (20.0% vs 13.6%), with adjusted odds ratio (OR) [95% CI] 1.52 [1.09, 2.11], P = 0.013. Osteophytes (OR 2.12 [1.61, 2.79], P
Published: 2016

180. Assessing the suitability of summary data for two-sample Mendelian randomization analyses using MR-Egger regression: the role of the I2I2 statistic

Author: Bowden, J, Del Greco M, F, Minelli, C, Davey Smith, G, Sheehan, NA, and Thompson, JR
Subjects: Science & Technology, I2 statistic, Epidemiology, simulation extrapolation, 0104 Statistics, Genetic Variation, MR-Egger regression, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, Bias, I-2 statistic, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Mendelian randomization, INSTRUMENTAL VARIABLES, Humans, Regression Analysis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, measurement error, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Abstract: BACKGROUND: MR-Egger regression has recently been proposed as a method for Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses incorporating summary data estimates of causal effect from multiple individual variants, which is robust to invalid instruments. It can be used to test for directional pleiotropy and provides an estimate of the causal effect adjusted for its presence. MR-Egger regression provides a useful additional sensitivity analysis to the standard inverse variance weighted (IVW) approach that assumes all variants are valid instruments. Both methods use weights that consider the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-exposure associations to be known, rather than estimated. We call this the `NO Measurement Error' (NOME) assumption. Causal effect estimates from the IVW approach exhibit weak instrument bias whenever the genetic variants utilized violate the NOME assumption, which can be reliably measured using the F-statistic. The effect of NOME violation on MR-Egger regression has yet to be studied. METHODS: An adaptation of the [Formula: see text] statistic from the field of meta-analysis is proposed to quantify the strength of NOME violation for MR-Egger. It lies between 0 and 1, and indicates the expected relative bias (or dilution) of the MR-Egger causal estimate in the two-sample MR context. We call it [Formula: see text] The method of simulation extrapolation is also explored to counteract the dilution. Their joint utility is evaluated using simulated data and applied to a real MR example. RESULTS: In simulated two-sample MR analyses we show that, when a causal effect exists, the MR-Egger estimate of causal effect is biased towards the null when NOME is violated, and the stronger the violation (as indicated by lower values of [Formula: see text]), the stronger the dilution. When additionally all genetic variants are valid instruments, the type I error rate of the MR-Egger test for pleiotropy is inflated and the causal effect underestimated. Simulation extrapolation is shown to substantially mitigate these adverse effects. We demonstrate our proposed approach for a two-sample summary data MR analysis to estimate the causal effect of low-density lipoprotein on heart disease risk. A high value of [Formula: see text] close to 1 indicates that dilution does not materially affect the standard MR-Egger analyses for these data. CONCLUSIONS: Care must be taken to assess the NOME assumption via the [Formula: see text] statistic before implementing standard MR-Egger regression in the two-sample summary data context. If [Formula: see text] is sufficiently low (less than 90%), inferences from the method should be interpreted with caution and adjustment methods considered.
Published: 2016

181. Mutations in known monogenic high bone mass loci only explain a small proportion of high bone mass cases

Author: Gregson, C.L., Wheeler, L., Hardcastle, S.A., Appleton, L.H., Addison, K.A., Brugmans, M., Clark, G.R., Ward, K.A., Paggiosi, M., Stone, M., Thomas, J., Agarwal, R., Poole, K.E.S., McCloskey, E., Fraser, W.D., Williams, E., Bullock, A.N., Davey Smith, G., Brown, M.A., Tobias, J.H., Duncan, E.L., Poole, Kenneth [0000-0003-4546-7352], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Adult, Male, Models, Molecular, LRP5, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Original Articles, Exons, Organ Size, Middle Aged, Bone and Bones, SEQUENCING, Young Adult, SOST, ANABOLIC, PROTEIN MODELING, Phenotype, Genetic Loci, Case-Control Studies, Mutation, Humans, Original Article, Female, Menopause, Aged
Abstract: High bone mass (HBM) can be an incidental clinical finding; however, monogenic HBM disorders (eg, LRP5 or SOST mutations) are rare. We aimed to determine to what extent HBM is explained by mutations in known HBM genes. A total of 258 unrelated HBM cases were identified from a review of 335,115 DXA scans from 13 UK centers. Cases were assessed clinically and underwent sequencing of known anabolic HBM loci: LRP5 (exons 2, 3, 4), LRP4 (exons 25, 26), SOST (exons 1, 2, and the van Buchem's disease [VBD] 52-kb intronic deletion 3?). Family members were assessed for HBM segregation with identified variants. Three-dimensional protein models were constructed for identified variants. Two novel missense LRP5 HBM mutations ([c.518C>T; p.Thr173Met], [c.796C>T; p.Arg266Cys]) were identified, plus three previously reported missense LRP5 mutations ([c.593A>G; p.Asn198Ser], [c.724G>A; p.Ala242Thr], [c.266A>G; p.Gln89Arg]), associated with HBM in 11 adults from seven families. Individuals with LRP5 HBM (?prevalence 5/100,000) displayed a variable phenotype of skeletal dysplasia with increased trabecular BMD and cortical thickness on HRpQCT, and gynoid fat mass accumulation on DXA, compared with both non-LRP5 HBM and controls. One mostly asymptomatic woman carried a novel heterozygous nonsense SOST mutation (c.530C>A; p.Ser177X) predicted to prematurely truncate sclerostin. Protein modeling suggests the severity of the LRP5-HBM phenotype corresponds to the degree of protein disruption and the consequent effect on SOST-LRP5 binding. We predict p.Asn198Ser and p.Ala242Thr directly disrupt SOST binding; both correspond to severe HBM phenotypes (BMD Z-scores +3.1 to +12.2, inability to float). Less disruptive structural alterations predicted from p.Arg266Cys, p.Thr173Met, and p.Gln89Arg were associated with less severe phenotypes (Z-scores +2.4 to +6.2, ability to float). In conclusion, although mutations in known HBM loci may be asymptomatic, they only account for a very small proportion (?3%) of HBM individuals, suggesting the great majority are explained by either unknown monogenic causes or polygenic inheritance. © 2015 The Authors Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Published: 2016
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182. Poster Presentations Part I (pp. 173–190)

Author: Alix Groom, Pearce, Davey, Smith, G, Jill A. McKay, Hannah R Elliott, Caroline L Relton, John C. Mathers, and James C. McConnell
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Variation (linguistics), Evolutionary biology, Complex disease, Epigenetic epidemiology, Medicine (miscellaneous), Epigenetics, Biology
Published: 2009
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183. Adult height, coronary heart disease and stroke: a multi-locus Mendelian randomization meta-analysis

Author: Nuesch, E., Dale, C., Palmer, T.M., White, J., Keating, B.J., van Iperen, E.P., Goel, A., Padmanabhan, S., Asselbergs, F.W., Verschuren, W., Wijmenga, C., Van der Schouw, Y., Onland-Moret, N., Lange, L.A., Hovingh, G., Sivapalaratnam, S., Morris, R.W., Whincup, P.H., Wannamethe, G.S., Gaunt, T.R., Ebrahim, S., Steel, L., Nair, N., Reiner, A.P., Kooperberg, C., Wilson, J.F., Bolton, J.L., McLachlan, S., Price, J.F., Strachan, M.W., Robertson, C.M., Kleber, M.E., Delgado, G., Marz, W., Melander, O., Dominiczak, A.F., Farrall, M., Watkins, H., Leusink, M., Maitland-van der Zee, A.H., de Groot, M.C., Dudbridge, F., Hingorani, A., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Lawlor, D.A., Amuzu, A., Caufield, M., Cavadino, A., Cooper, J., Davies, T., Drenos, F., Engmann, J., Finan, C., Giambartolomei, C., Hardy, R., Humphries, S., Hypponen, E., Kivimaki, M., Kuh, D., Kumari, M., Ong, K., Plagnol, V., Power, C., Richards, M., Shah, S., Shah, T., Sofat, R., Talmud, P., Wareham, N., Warren, H., Whittaker, J., Wong, A., Zabaneh, D., Davey Smith, G., Wells, J.C., Leon, D.A., Holmes, M.V., and Casas, J.P.
Subjects: Blood Pressure, Coronary Disease, Mendelian Randomization Analysis, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Body Height, Body Mass Index, Respiratory Function Tests, Stroke, Observational Studies as Topic, Cholesterol, Logistic Models, Risk Factors, Humans, Mendelian Randomisation and Instrumental Variable Analysis, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Triglycerides
Abstract: Background: We investigated causal effect of completed growth, measured by adult height, on coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and cardiovascular traits, using instrumental variable (IV) Mendelian randomization meta-analysis.\ud \ud Methods: We developed an allele score based on 69 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with adult height, identified by the IBCCardioChip, and used it for IV analysis against cardiovascular risk factors and events in 21 studies and 60 028 participants. IV analysis on CHD was supplemented by summary data from 180 height-SNPs from the GIANT consortium and their corresponding CHD estimates derived from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D.\ud \ud Results: IV estimates from IBCCardioChip and GIANT-CARDIoGRAMplusC4D showed that a 6.5-cm increase in height reduced the odds of CHD by 10% [odds ratios 0.90; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 0.78 to 1.03 and 0.85 to 0.95, respectively],which agrees with the estimate from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration (hazard ratio 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91 to 0.94). IV analysis revealed no association with stroke (odds ratio 0.97; 95% CI: 0.79 to 1.19). IV analysis showed that a 6.5-cm increase in height resulted in lower levels of body mass index (P
Published: 2016

184. A genome-wide association meta-analysis of diarrhoeal disease in young children identifies FUT2 locus and provides plausible biological pathways

Author: Bustamante, M, Standl, M, Bassat, Q, Vilor-Tejedor, N, Medina Gomez, Maria, Bonilla, C, Ahluwalia, TS, Bacelis, J, Bradfield, JP, Tiesler, CM, Rivadeneira, Fernando, Ring, S, Vissing, NH, Jugessur, A, Mentch, FD, Ballester, F, Kriebel, J, Jong, Jessica, Wolsk, HM, Llop, S, Thiering, E, Beth, Sanne, Timpson, NJ, Andersen, J, Schulz, H, Jaddoe, Vincent, Evans, DM, Waage, J, Hakonarson, H, Grant, SFA, Jacobsson, B, Bonnelykke, K, Bisgaard, H, Davey Smith, G, Moll, Henriette, Heinrich, J, Estivill, X, Sunyer, J, Epidemiology, Erasmus MC other, Internal Medicine, and Pediatrics
Published: 2016

185. A Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Population-Based Pediatric Cohorts

Author: Middeldorp CM, Hammerschlag AR, Ouwens KG, Groen-Blokhuis MM, St Pourcain B, Greven CU, Pappa I, Tiesler CM, Ang W, Nolte IM, Vilor-Tejedor N, Bacelis J, Ebejer JL, Zhao H, Davies GE, Ehli EA, Evans DM, Fedko IO, Guxens M, Hottenga JJ, Hudziak JJ, Jugessur A, Kemp JP, Krapohl E, Martin NG, Murcia M, Myhre R, Ormel J, Ring SM, Standl M, Stergiakouli E, Stoltenberg C, Thiering E, Timpson NJ, Trzaskowski M, van der Most PJ, Wang C, EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) Consortium P, Nyholt DR, Medland SE, Neale B, Jacobsson B, Sunyer J, Hartman CA, Whitehouse AJ, Pennell CE, Heinrich J, Plomin R, Davey Smith G, Tiemeier H, Posthuma D, and Boomsma DI
Abstract: Objective: The aims of this study were to elucidate the influence of common genetic variants on childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, to identify genetic variants that explain its high heritability, and to investigate the genetic overlap of ADHD symptom scores with ADHD diagnosis. Method: Within the EArly Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortium, genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and ADHD symptom scores were available for 17,666 children (
Published: 2016

186. The interplay between cognitive ability, alcohol consumption, and health characteristics

Author: Degerud, E., primary, Ystrom, E., additional, Tambs, K., additional, Ariansen, I., additional, Mørland, J., additional, Magnus, P., additional, Davey Smith, G., additional, and Næss, Ø., additional
Published: 2017
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187. P697Assessing the causal role of adiposity on early markers of cardiovascular disease: increases in blood pressure, but not metabolic risk factors, are related to arterial stiffness in young adults

Author: Chiesa, S.T., primary, Charakida, M., additional, Wade, K.H., additional, Hughes, A.D., additional, Rapala, A., additional, Khan, T., additional, Fraser, A., additional, Lawlor, D.A., additional, Davey Smith, G., additional, Sattar, N., additional, Timpson, N.J., additional, and Deanfield, J.E., additional
Published: 2017
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188. 1951Obese young adults exhibit early peripheral arterial remodelling but preserved conduit artery function

Author: Chiesa, S.T., primary, Charakida, M., additional, Rapala, A., additional, Bhowruth, D.J., additional, Nguyen, H.C., additional, Dangardt, F., additional, Davey Smith, G., additional, Lawlor, D.A., additional, and Deanfield, J.E., additional
Published: 2017
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189. Investigating the role of insulin in increased adiposity: Bi-directional Mendelian randomization study

Author: Richmond, RC, primary, Wade, KH, additional, Corbin, L, additional, Bowden, J, additional, Hemani, G, additional, Timpson, NJ, additional, and Davey Smith, G, additional
Published: 2017
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190. Testing the principles of Mendelian randomization: Opportunities and complications on a genomewide scale

Author: Taylor, M, primary, Tansey, KE, additional, Lawlor, DA, additional, Bowden, J, additional, Evans, DM, additional, Davey, Smith G, additional, and Timpson, NJ, additional
Published: 2017
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191. DNA methylation as a marker for prenatal smoke exposure in adults

Author: Richmond, R.C., primary, Suderman, M., additional, Langdon, R., additional, Relton, C.L., additional, and Davey, Smith G., additional
Published: 2017
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192. Prenatal alcohol exposure and offspring cognition and school performance. A \u2018Mendelian randomization\u2019 natural

Author: Zuccolo, L, Lewis, S. J, Davey Smith, G, Sayal, K, Draper, E. S, Fraser, R, Barrow, M, Alati, R, Ring, S, Macleod, J, Golding, J, Heron, J. and Gray, R., Zuccolo, L., Lewis, S. J., Davey Smith, G., Sayal, K., Draper, E. S., Fraser, R., Barrow, M., Alati, R., Ring, S., Macleod, J., Golding, J., Heron, J., and Gray, R.
Published: 2013

193. Heritability and genome-wide analyses of problematic peer relationships during childhood and adolescence

Author: St Pourcain, B., Haworth, C.M.A., Davis, O.S.P., Wang, K., Timpson, N.J., Evans, D.M., Kemp, John P., Ronald, Angelica, Price, T.S, Meaburn, Emma L., Ring, S.M., Golding, J., Hakonarson, H., Plomin, R., and Davey Smith, G.
Subjects: psyc, RJ, Genetics, Genetics(clinical)
Abstract: Peer behaviour plays an important role in the development of social adjustment, though little is known about its genetic architecture. We conducted a twin study combined with a genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) and a genome-wide screen to characterise genetic influences on problematic peer behaviour during childhood and adolescence. This included a series of longitudinal measures (parent-reported Strengths-and-Difficulties Questionnaire) from a UK population-based birth-cohort (ALSPAC, 4–17 years), and a UK twin sample (TEDS, 4–11 years). Longitudinal twin analysis (TEDS; N ≤ 7,366 twin pairs) showed that peer problems in childhood are heritable (4–11 years, 0.60 < twin-h2 ≤ 0.71) but genetically heterogeneous from age to age (4–11 years, twin-rg = 0.30). GCTA (ALSPAC: N ≤ 5,608, TEDS: N ≤ 2,691) provided furthermore little support for the contribution of measured common genetic variants during childhood (4–12 years, 0.02 < GCTA-h2(Meta)≤ 0.11) though these influences become stronger in adolescence (13–17 years, 0.14 < GCTA-hALSPAC2≤ 0.27). A subsequent cross-sectional genome-wide screen in ALSPAC (N ≤ 6,000) focussed on peer problems with the highest GCTA-heritability (10, 13 and 17 years, 0.0002 < GCTA-P ≤ 0.03). Single variant signals (P ≤ 10−5) were followed up in TEDS (N ≤ 2835, 9 and 11 years) and, in search for autism quantitative trait loci, explored within two autism samples (AGRE: NPedigrees = 793; ACC: NCases = 1,453/NControls = 7,070). There was, however, no evidence for association in TEDS and little evidence for an overlap with the autistic continuum. In summary, our findings suggest that problematic peer relationships are heritable but genetically complex and heterogeneous from age to age, with an increase in common measurable genetic variation during adolescence.
Published: 2015
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194. Association Between Paternal Cardiovascular Status and Offspring Adolescent Blood Pressure Trajectories

Author: Ladds, E., Fraser, A., Howe, L., Lawlor, D., Hughes, A., Chaturvedi, N., Davey-Smith, G., and Ben-Shlomo, Y.
Subjects: Article
Published: 2015

195. Genome-wide association and longitudinal analyses reveal genetic loci linking pubertal height growth, pubertal timing and childhood adiposity

Author: D. L. Cousminer, D. J. Berry, N. J. Timpson, W. Ang, E. Thiering, E. M. Byrne, H. R. Taal, V. Huikari, J. P. Bradfield, M. Kerkhof, M. M. Groen Blokhuis, E. Kreiner Moller, M. Marinelli, C. Holst, J. T. Leinonen, J. R. B. Perry, I. Surakka, O. Pietilainen, J. Kettunen, V. Anttila, M. Kaakinen, U. Sovio, A. Pouta, S. Das, V. Lagou, C. Power, I. Prokopenko, D. M. Evans, J. P. Kemp, B. St Pourcain, S. Ring, A. Palotie, E. Kajantie, C. Osmond, T. Lehtimaki, J. S. Viikari, M. Kahonen, N. M. Warrington, S. J. Lye, L. J. Palmer, C. M. T. Tiesler, C. Flexeder, G. W. Montgomery, S. E. Medland, A. Hofman, H. Hakonarson, M. Guxens, M. Bartels, V. Salomaa, J. M. Murabito, J. Kaprio, T. I. A. Sorensen, F. Ballester, H. Bisgaard, D. I. Boomsma, G. H. Koppelman, S. F. A. Grant, V. W. V. Jaddoe, N. G. Martin, J. Heinrich, C. E. Pennell, O. T. Raitakari, J. G. Eriksson, G. D. Smith, E. Hypponen, M. R. Jarvelin, M. I. McCarthy, S. Ripatti, E. Widen, Adair LS, Ang W, Atalay M, van Beijsterveldt T, Bergen N, Benke K, Berry DJ, Boomsma DI, Bradfield JP, Charoen P, Coin L, Cooper C, Cousminer DL, Das S, Davis OS, Dedoussis GV, Elliott P, Estivill X, Evans DM, Feenstra B, Flexeder C, Frayling T, Freathy RM, Gaillard R, Geller F, Gillman M, Grant SF, Groen Blokhuis M, Goh LK, Guxens M, Hakonarson H, Hattersley AT, Haworth CM, Hadley D, Hedebrand J, Heinrich J, Hinney A, Hirschhorn JN, Hocher B, Holloway JW, Holst C, Hottenga JJ, Horikoshi M, Huikari V, Hypponen E, Iñiguez C, Jaddoe VW, Jarvelin MR, Kaakinen M, Kilpeläinen TO, Kirin M, Kowgier M, Lakka HM, Lakka TA, Lange LA, Lawlor DA, Lehtimäki T, Lewin A, Lindgren C, Lindi V, Maggi R, Marsh J, McCarthy MI, Melbye M, Middeldorp C, Millwood I, Mohlke KL, Mook Kanamori DO, Murray JC, Nivard M, Nohr EA, Ntalla I, Oken E, Ong KK, O'Reilly PF, Palmer LJ, Panoutsopoulou K, Pararajasingham J, Pearson ER, Pennell CE, Power C, Price TS, Prokopenko I, Raitakari OT, Rodriguez A, Salem RM, Saw SM, Scherag A, Sebert S, Siitonen N, Simell O, Sørensen TI, Sovio U, Pourcain BS, Strachan DP, Sunyer J, Taal HR, Teo YY, Thiering E, Tiesler C, Timpson NJ, Uitterlinden AG, Valcárcel B, Warrington NM, White S, Widén E, Willemsen G, Wilson JF, Yaghootkar H, Zeggini E, Elks CE, Perry JR, Sulem P, Chasman DI, Franceschini N, He C, Lunetta KL, Visser JA, Byrne EM, Gudbjartsson DF, Esko T, Koller DL, Kutalik Z, Lin P, Mangino M, Marongiu M, McArdle PF, Smith AV, Stolk L, van Wingerden SH, Zhao JH, Albrecht E, Corre T, Ingelsson E, Hayward C, Magnusson PK, Smith EN, Ulivi S, Warrington M, Zgaga L, Alavere H, Amin N, Aspelund T, Bandinelli S, Barroso I, Berenson GS, Bergmann S, Blackburn H, Boerwinkle E, Buring JE, Busonero F, Campbell H, Chanock SJ, Chen W, Cornelis MC, Couper D, Coviello AD, de Faire U, de Geus EJ, Deloukas P, Döring A, Davey Smith G, Easton DF, Eiriksdottir G, Emilsson V, Eriksson J, Ferrucci L, Folsom AR, Foroud T, Garcia M, GASPARINI, PAOLO, Gieger C, Gudnason V, Hall P, Hankinson SE, Ferreli L, Heath AC, Hernandez DG, Hofman A, Hu FB, Illig T, Järvelin MR, Johnson AD, Karasik D, Khaw KT, Kiel DP, Kolcic I, Kraft P, Launer LJ, Laven JS, Li S, Liu J, Levy D, Martin NG, McArdle WL, Mooser V, Murray SS, Nalls MA, Navarro P, Nelis M, Ness AR, Northstone K, Oostra BA, Peacock M, Palotie A, Paré G, Parker AN, Pedersen NL, Peltonen L, Pharoah P, Polasek O, Plump AS, Pouta A, Porcu E, Rafnar T, Rice JP, Ring SM, Rivadeneira F, Rudan I, Sala C, Salomaa V, Sanna S, Schlessinger D, Schork NJ, Scuteri A, Segrè AV, Shuldiner AR, Soranzo N, Srinivasan SR, Tammesoo ML, Tikkanen E, Toniolo D, Tsui K, Tryggvadottir L, Tyrer J, Uda M, van Dam RM, van Meurs JB, Vollenweider P, Waeber G, Wareham NJ, Waterworth DM, Weedon MN, Wichmann HE, Wright AF, Young L, Zhai G, Zhuang WV, Bierut LJ, Boyd HA, Crisponi L, Demerath EW, van Duijn CM, Econs MJ, Harris TB, Hunter DJ, Loos RJ, Metspalu A, Montgomery GW, Ridker PM, Spector TD, Streeten EA, Stefansson K, Thorsteinsdottir U, Widen E, Murabito JM, Murray A., D'ADAMO, ADAMO PIO, Cousminer, Diana L, Berry, Diane J, Timpson, Nicholas J, Ang, Wei, Hyppönen, Elina, Widen, Elisabéth, ReproGen Consortium, Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Internal Medicine, D. L., Cousminer, D. J., Berry, N. J., Timpson, W., Ang, E., Thiering, E. M., Byrne, H. R., Taal, V., Huikari, J. P., Bradfield, M., Kerkhof, M. M., Groen Blokhui, E., Kreiner Moller, M., Marinelli, C., Holst, J. T., Leinonen, J. R. B., Perry, I., Surakka, O., Pietilainen, J., Kettunen, V., Anttila, M., Kaakinen, U., Sovio, A., Pouta, S., Da, V., Lagou, C., Power, I., Prokopenko, D. M., Evan, J. P., Kemp, B., St Pourcain, S., Ring, A., Palotie, E., Kajantie, C., Osmond, T., Lehtimaki, J. S., Viikari, M., Kahonen, N. M., Warrington, S. J., Lye, L. J., Palmer, C. M. T., Tiesler, C., Flexeder, G. W., Montgomery, S. E., Medland, A., Hofman, H., Hakonarson, M., Guxen, M., Bartel, V., Salomaa, J. M., Murabito, J., Kaprio, T. I. A., Sorensen, F., Ballester, H., Bisgaard, D. I., Boomsma, G. H., Koppelman, S. F. A., Grant, V. W. V., Jaddoe, N. G., Martin, J., Heinrich, C. E., Pennell, O. T., Raitakari, J. G., Eriksson, G. D., Smith, E., Hypponen, M. R., Jarvelin, M. I., Mccarthy, S., Ripatti, E., Widen, Adair, L, Ang, W, Atalay, M, van Beijsterveldt, T, Bergen, N, Benke, K, Berry, Dj, Boomsma, Di, Bradfield, Jp, Charoen, P, Coin, L, Cooper, C, Cousminer, Dl, Das, S, Davis, O, Dedoussis, Gv, Elliott, P, Estivill, X, Evans, Dm, Feenstra, B, Flexeder, C, Frayling, T, Freathy, Rm, Gaillard, R, Geller, F, Gillman, M, Grant, Sf, Groen Blokhuis, M, Goh, Lk, Guxens, M, Hakonarson, H, Hattersley, At, Haworth, Cm, Hadley, D, Hedebrand, J, Heinrich, J, Hinney, A, Hirschhorn, Jn, Hocher, B, Holloway, Jw, Holst, C, Hottenga, Jj, Horikoshi, M, Huikari, V, Hypponen, E, Iñiguez, C, Jaddoe, Vw, Jarvelin, Mr, Kaakinen, M, Kilpeläinen, To, Kirin, M, Kowgier, M, Lakka, Hm, Lakka, Ta, Lange, La, Lawlor, Da, Lehtimäki, T, Lewin, A, Lindgren, C, Lindi, V, Maggi, R, Marsh, J, Mccarthy, Mi, Melbye, M, Middeldorp, C, Millwood, I, Mohlke, Kl, Mook Kanamori, Do, Murray, Jc, Nivard, M, Nohr, Ea, Ntalla, I, Oken, E, Ong, Kk, O'Reilly, Pf, Palmer, Lj, Panoutsopoulou, K, Pararajasingham, J, Pearson, Er, Pennell, Ce, Power, C, Price, T, Prokopenko, I, Raitakari, Ot, Rodriguez, A, Salem, Rm, Saw, Sm, Scherag, A, Sebert, S, Siitonen, N, Simell, O, Sørensen, Ti, Sovio, U, Pourcain, B, Strachan, Dp, Sunyer, J, Taal, Hr, Teo, Yy, Thiering, E, Tiesler, C, Timpson, Nj, Uitterlinden, Ag, Valcárcel, B, Warrington, Nm, White, S, Widén, E, Willemsen, G, Wilson, Jf, Yaghootkar, H, Zeggini, E, Elks, Ce, Perry, Jr, Sulem, P, Chasman, Di, Franceschini, N, He, C, Lunetta, Kl, Visser, Ja, Byrne, Em, Gudbjartsson, Df, Esko, T, Koller, Dl, Kutalik, Z, Lin, P, Mangino, M, Marongiu, M, Mcardle, Pf, Smith, Av, Stolk, L, van Wingerden, Sh, Zhao, Jh, Albrecht, E, Corre, T, Ingelsson, E, Hayward, C, Magnusson, Pk, Smith, En, Ulivi, S, Warrington, M, Zgaga, L, Alavere, H, Amin, N, Aspelund, T, Bandinelli, S, Barroso, I, Berenson, G, Bergmann, S, Blackburn, H, Boerwinkle, E, Buring, Je, Busonero, F, Campbell, H, Chanock, Sj, Chen, W, Cornelis, Mc, Couper, D, Coviello, Ad, D'Adamo, ADAMO PIO, de Faire, U, de Geus, Ej, Deloukas, P, Döring, A, Davey Smith, G, Easton, Df, Eiriksdottir, G, Emilsson, V, Eriksson, J, Ferrucci, L, Folsom, Ar, Foroud, T, Garcia, M, Gasparini, Paolo, Gieger, C, Gudnason, V, Hall, P, Hankinson, Se, Ferreli, L, Heath, Ac, Hernandez, Dg, Hofman, A, Hu, Fb, Illig, T, Järvelin, Mr, Johnson, Ad, Karasik, D, Khaw, Kt, Kiel, Dp, Kolcic, I, Kraft, P, Launer, Lj, Laven, J, Li, S, Liu, J, Levy, D, Martin, Ng, Mcardle, Wl, Mooser, V, Murray, S, Nalls, Ma, Navarro, P, Nelis, M, Ness, Ar, Northstone, K, Oostra, Ba, Peacock, M, Palotie, A, Paré, G, Parker, An, Pedersen, Nl, Peltonen, L, Pharoah, P, Polasek, O, Plump, A, Pouta, A, Porcu, E, Rafnar, T, Rice, Jp, Ring, Sm, Rivadeneira, F, Rudan, I, Sala, C, Salomaa, V, Sanna, S, Schlessinger, D, Schork, Nj, Scuteri, A, Segrè, Av, Shuldiner, Ar, Soranzo, N, Srinivasan, Sr, Tammesoo, Ml, Tikkanen, E, Toniolo, D, Tsui, K, Tryggvadottir, L, Tyrer, J, Uda, M, van Dam, Rm, van Meurs, Jb, Vollenweider, P, Waeber, G, Wareham, Nj, Waterworth, Dm, Weedon, Mn, Wichmann, He, Wright, Af, Young, L, Zhai, G, Zhuang, Wv, Bierut, Lj, Boyd, Ha, Crisponi, L, Demerath, Ew, van Duijn, Cm, Econs, Mj, Harris, Tb, Hunter, Dj, Loos, Rj, Metspalu, A, Montgomery, Gw, Ridker, Pm, Spector, Td, Streeten, Ea, Stefansson, K, Thorsteinsdottir, U, Widen, E, Murabito, Jm, Murray, A., Hedebrand, Johannes (Beitragende*r), Hinney, Anke (Beitragende*r), Biological Psychology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Neurobiology of Mental Health, EMGO+ - Lifestyle, Overweight and Diabetes, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Imaging Technology, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam - Brain Mechanisms in Health & Disease, Faculteit Medische Wetenschappen/UMCG, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)
Subjects: Male, Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), Genetic Linkage, Medizin, Gene Expression, Genome-wide association study, VARIANTS, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, genetic linkage, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Neoplasms, molecular biology, genetics, Child, Genetics (clinical), Adiposity, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, adiposity, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Association Studies Articles, Age Factors, ACHONDROPLASIA, General Medicine, Genome-Wide Association Study, pubertal height growth, pubertal timing, Phenotype, OBESITY, Menarche, body height, Female, Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_specialty, age factors, CHROMOSOME 16P11.2, Adolescent, BIRTH, Quantitative Trait Loci, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Context (language use), Biology, Childhood obesity, MENARCHE, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, AGE, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Prepuberty, Internal medicine, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Sign, FACTOR RECEPTOR-3, MUTATIONS, Puberty, ta3121, medicine.disease, Obesity, Body Height, Genetic architecture, Endocrinology, POPULATION COHORT, gene expression, Body mass index, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The pubertal height growth spurt is a distinctive feature of childhood growth reflecting both the central onset of puberty and local growth factors. Although little is known about the underlying genetics, growth variability during puberty correlates with adult risks for hormone-dependent cancer and adverse cardiometabolic health. The only gene so far associated with pubertal height growth, LIN28B, pleiotropically influences childhood growth, puberty and cancer progression, pointing to shared underlying mechanisms. To discover genetic loci influencing pubertal height and growth and to place them in context of overall growth and maturation, we performed genome-wide association meta-analyses in 18 737 European samples utilizing longitudinally collected height measurements. We found significant associations (P
Published: 2013
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196. Estimating the plausibility of a gene-environment interaction in cancer [Estimer la plausibilité d'une interaction gène-environnement dans le cancer]

Author: Boffetta, P., Winn, D., Ioannidis, J., Thomas, D., Little, J., Davey Smith, G., Boffetta, P., Winn, D., Ioannidis, J., Thomas, D., Little, J., and Davey Smith, G.
Subjects: genetic epidemiology, education, Gene-environment interaction
Abstract: This article proposes a method to estimate the plausibility of an interaction between an environmental risk factor for cancer and a genetic factor. It may be applied to other chronic diseases. Copyright © 2007 John Libbey Eurotext.
Published: 2013

197. Developmental Changes Within the Genetic Architecture of Social Communication Behavior: A Multivariate Study of Genetic Variance in Unrelated Individuals.

Author: Pourcain, B. St, Eaves, L.J., Ring, S.M., Fisher, S.E., Medland, S., Evans, D.M., Davey Smith, G., Pourcain, B. St, Eaves, L.J., Ring, S.M., Fisher, S.E., Medland, S., Evans, D.M., and Davey Smith, G.
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 181447.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)
Published: 2017

198. Evidence for three genetic loci involved in both anorexia nervosa risk and variation of body mass index

Author: Hinney, A. (Anke), Kesselmeier, M. (M.), Jall, S. (S.), Volckmar, A.-L. (A. L.), Föcker, M. (M.), Antel, J. (J.), Heid, I.M. (Iris), Winkler, T.W. (Thomas W.), Grant, S.F.A. (S. F.A.), Guo, Y. (Yongli), Bergen, A.W. (Andrew), Grant, S.F.A. (Struan), Berrettini, W. (Wade), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (B.), De Zwaan, M. (M.), Herzog, W. (W.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Zipfel, S. (S.), Egberts, K. (Karin), Adan, R. (R.), Brandys, M. (M.), Elburg, A.A. (Annemarie) van, Boraska Perica, V. (V.), Müller, T.D., Tschöp, M.H. (M. H.), Zeggini, E. (Eleftheria), Bulik, C.M. (C. M.), Collier, D.A. (David), Scherag, A. (A.), Hebebrand, J. (J.), Tschop, M. (Matthias), Floyd, J. (Jamie), Thornton, L.M. (Laura), Huckins, L.M. (Laura M), Southam, L. (Lorraine), Rayner, N.W. (Nigel William), Tachmazidou, I. (Ioanna), Klump, K.L. (K. L.), Treasure, J. (Janet), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Schmidt, U. (Ulrike), Tozzi, F. (Federica), Iezebrink, K. (Kirsty), Gorwood, P. (Philip), Kas, M.J.H. (Martien), Favaro, A. (Angela), Santonastaso, P. (Paolo), Fernández-Aranda, F. (Fernando), Gratacos, M. (Monica), Rybakowski, F. (Filip), Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M. (Monika), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Keski-Rahkonen, A. (Anna), Raevuori-Helkamaa, A. (Anu), Furth, E.F. (Eric) van, Slof-Op’t Landt, M.C.T. (Margarita C. T.), Hudson, J.I. (James I), Knudsen, G.P.S. (Gun Peggy S.), Monteleone, P. (Palmiero), Kaplan, A.S. (Allan S), Karwautz, A. (Andreas), Li, D. (Dong), Komaki, G. (Gen), Ando, T. (Tetsuya), Inoko, H. (Hidetoshi), Esko, T. (T.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Männik, K. (Katrin), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Baker, J.H. (Jessica H), Cone, R.D. (Roger D), Esko, T. (Tõnu), DeSocio, J.E. (Janiece E), Hilliard, C.E. (Christopher E), O’Toole, J.K. (Julie K), Pantel, J. (Jacques), Szatkiewicz, J.P. (Jin P), Taico, C. (Chrysecolla), Zerwas, S. (Stephanie), Trace, S.E. (Sara E), Davis, O.S.P. (Oliver S.), Helder, S. (Sietske), Bühren, K. (Katharina), Burghardt, R. (Roland), Imgart, H. (Hartmut), Scherag, A. (Andre), Boni, C. (Claudette), Ramoz, N. (Nicolas), Versini, A. (Audrey), Danner, U.N. (Unna N), de Kove, C. (Carolien), Hendriks, J. (Judith), Koeleman, B.P.C. (Bobby P. C.), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Strengman, E. (Eric), Bruson, A. (Alice), Clementi, M. (Maurizio), Degortes, D. (Daniela), Forzan, M. (Monica), Tenconi, E. (Elena), Docampo, E. (Elisa), Jiménez-Murcia, G.E.S. (Geòrgia Escaramí Susana), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Rajewski, A. (Andrzej), Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N. (Neonila), Slopien, A. (Agnieszka), Hauser, J. (J.), Karhunen, L. (Leila), Meulenbelt, I. (Ingrid), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Tortorella, A. (Alfonso), Maj, M. (Mario), Dedoussis, G.V. (George), Dedoussis, G.V. (G. V.), Koeleman, B.P.C. (Bobby), Gonidakis, F. (Fragiskos), Tziouvas, K. (Konstantinos), Tsitsika, A. (Artemis), Papezova, H. (Hana), Slachtova, L. (Lenka), Martaskova, D. (Debora), Kennedy, J.L., Levitan, R.D. (Robert D), Yilmaz, Z. (Zeynep), Huemer, J. (Julia), Koubek, D. (Doris), Merl, E. (Elisabeth), Wagner, G. (Gudrun), Lichtenstein, P. (Paul), Breen, G. (Gerome), Cohen-Woods, S. (Sarah), Farmer, A.E. (Anne E), Mcguffin, P. (Peter), Cichon, S. (Sven), Giegling, I. (Ina), Herms, S. (Stefan), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schreiber, S. (Stefan), Wichmann, H.E. (Heinz Erich), Sladek, R. (Rob), Gambaro, G. (Giovanni), Soranzo, N. (Nicole), Julia, A. (Antonio), Marsal, S. (Sara), Rabionet, R. (Raquel), Gaborieau, V. (Valerie), Dick, D.M. (Danielle), Palotie, A. (A.), Ripatti, S. (Samuli), Widen, E., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Lundervold, A.J. (Astri), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), Ntalla, I. (Ioanna), Bencko, V. (Vladimir), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Janout, V. (Vladimir), Navratilova, M. (Marie), Pinto, D. (Dalila), Scherer, S.W. (Stephen W), Carlberg, L. (Laura), Schosser, A. (Alexandra), Alfredsson, L. (Lars), Pinto, D. (Duane), Scherer, S.W. (Stephen), Padyukov, L. (Leonid), Finan, C. (Chris), Kalsi, G. (Gursharan), Roberts, M. (Marion), Logan, D.W. (Darren W), Peltonen, L. (Leena Johanna), Ritchie, G.R.S. (Graham R.S.), Barrett, J.C. (Jeffrey), Estivill, X. (Xavier), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), Anderson, C.A. (Carl A), McGinnis, R. (Ralph), Sambrook, J. (Jennifer), Stephens, J. (Jonathan), Ouwehand, W.H. (Willem), McArdle, P.F. (P. F.), Ring, S.M. (Susan), Strachan, D.P. (David), Alexander, G. (Graeme), Conlon, P.J. (Peter J), Dominiczak, A. (Anna), Duncanson, A. (Audrey), Padyukov, L. (L.), Langford, C. (Cordelia), Lord, G. (Graham), Conlon, P. (Peter), Sandford, R. (Richard), Sheerin, N. (Neil), Vannberg, F.O. (Frederik O), Blackburn, H. (Hannah), Maxwell, A.P. (A.), Edkins, T. (Ted), Gillman, M.W. (Matthew W.), Gray, E. (Emma), Hunt, S.E. (Sarah E), Nengut, S.-G. (Suna-Gumuscu), Potter, S.C. (Simon), Rich, S.S. (Stephen), Simpkin, D. (Douglas), Whittaker, P. (Pamela), Ang, W.Q. (Wei), Atalay, M. (Mustafa), Beijsterveldt, C.E.M. (Toos) van, Bergen, N. (N.), Benke, K. (K.), Berry, D. (Diane), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Bradfield, J.P. (Jonathan), Charoen, P. (Pimphen), Coin, L. (Lachlan), Cooper, C. (C.), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Das, S. (Shikta), Elliott, P. (P.), Evans, D.M. (D. M.), Feenstra, B. (B.), Flexeder, C. (Claudia), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), Freathy, R.M. (Rachel), Gaillard, R. (R.), Geller, F. (Frank), Groen-Blokhuis, M. (Maria), Goh, L.K. (L. K.), Guxens Junyent, M. (Mònica), Hattersley, A.T. (Andrew), Haworth, C.M.A. (Claire M.), Hadley, D. (D.), Heinrich, J. (J.), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel), Hocher, B. (Berthold), Holloway, J.W. (J. W.), Holst, J.J., Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Huikari, V. (Ville), Hypponen, E. (E.), Iñiguez, C. (C.), Jaddoe, V.W. (V. W.), Jarvelin, M.R. (M. R.), Kaakinen, M. (M.), Kilpeläinen, T.O. (Tuomas), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Kowgier, M. (Matthew), Lakka, T.A. (Timo), Cooper, C. (Charles), Lange, L.A. (Leslie), Lawlor, D.A. (D. A.), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Lewin, A. (Alex), Elliott, P. (Paul), Lindi, V. (Virpi), Maggi, R. (Reedik), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), McCarthy, M.I. (M. I.), Melbye, M. (Mads), Middeldorp, C.M. (Christel), Millwood, I.Y. (Iona), Mohlke, K.L. (Karen), Mook-Kanamori, D.O. (D. O.), Murray, J.C. (Jeffrey), Nivard, M. (Michel), Nohr, C. (Christian), Oken, E. (Emily), Ong, K.K. (K. K.), O'Reilly, P.F. (P. F.), Palmer, C. (Cameron), Panoutsopoulou, K. (K.), Pararajasingham, J. (Jennifer), Pearson, E.R. (E. R.), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Power, C. (Christopher), Price, T.S. (Thomas), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Raitakari, O.T. (O. T.), Rodriguez, A. (A.), Salem, R.M. (Rany), Saw, S.M. (S. M.), Sebert, S. (S.), Siitonen, N. (Niina), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Sovio, U. (Ulla), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Sunyer, J. (J.), Taal, H.R. (Rob), Teo, Y.Y. (Y. Y.), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Tiesler, C. (C.), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Valcárcel, B. (Beatriz), Teo, Y.Y. (Yik Ying), White, S.J. (Stefan), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wilson, J.F. (J. F.), Yaghootkar, H. (H.), Elks, C.E. (Cathy), Perry, J.R. (J. R.), Sulem, P. (Patrick), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Franceschini, N. (Nora), He, C. (C.), Lunetta, K.L. (Kathryn), Visser, J.A. (Jenny), Byrne, E.M. (E. M.), Gudbjartsson, D.F. (Daniel), Koller, D.L. (Daniel), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Lin, P. (P.), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Byrne, E.M. (Enda), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Stolk, L. (Lisette), Wingerden, S. (Sophie) van, Zhao, J.H. (J. H.), Albrecht, E. (Eva), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Ingelsson, E. (Erik), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Warrington, M. (M.), Zgaga, L. (L.), Alavere, H. (Helene), Amin, N. (Najaf), Aspelund, T. (T.), Ulivi, S. (Shelia), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Berenson, G. (Gerald), Bergmann, S.M. (Sven), Boerwinkle, E. (E.), Buring, J.E. (Julie), Busonero, F. (F.), Barroso, I.E. (Inês), Chanock, S.J. (S. J.), Warrington, N.M. (Nicole), Couper, D.J. (David), Coviello, A.D. (Andrea), Busonero, F., Faire, U. (Ulf) de, de Geus, E.J. (E. J.), Deloukas, P. (Panagiotis), Döring, A. (Angela), Davey Smith, G. (G.), Adamo, P. (Pio) d', Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Hagen, K. (Knut), Ferrucci, L. (L.), Folsom, A.R. (A. R.), Foroud, T. (T.), Garcia, M.E. (M.), Gasparini, P. (P.), Gieger, C. (Christian), Gudnason, V. (V.), Folsom, A.R. (Aaron), Hankinson, S.E. (S. E.), Ferreli, L. (Liana), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Hofman, A. (Albert), Hu, F.B. (F. B.), Illig, T. (T.), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Johnson, A.D. (Andrew), Karasik, D. (David), Khaw, K.T. (K. T.), Kiel, D.P. (Douglas P.), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Kraft, P. (Peter), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Laven, J.S. (J. S.), Li, S. (S.), Liu, J. (J.), Levy, D. (D.), Martin, N.G. (N. G.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Navarro, P. (Pau), Nelis, M. (M.), Ness, A.R. (A. R.), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Peacock, M. (M.), Pare, G. (Guillame), Parker, A.N. (Alex), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Plump, A.S. (A. S.), Peacock, M. (Munro), Porcu, E. (Eleonora), Rafnar, T. (Thorunn), Rice, J.P. (John), Rivadeneira, F. (F.), Sala, C. (Cinzia), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanna, S. (Serena), Schlessinger, D. (D.), Scuteri, A. (A.), Segrè, A.V. (Ayellet), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Srinivasan, S.R. (Sathanur), Tammesoo, M.L. (M. L.), Tikkanen, E. (Emmi), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Scuteri, A. (Angelo), Tryggvadottir, L. (Laufey), Tyrer, J. (J.), Uda, M. (M.), van Dam, R.M. (R. M.), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Waeber, G. (Gérard), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Waterworth, D. (Dawn), Weedon, M.N. (Michael), Wright, A.F. (Alan), Young, L. (L.), Zhai, G. (G.), Zhuang, W.V. (W. V.), Bierut, L.J. (L. J.), Boyd, H.A. (H. A.), Crisponi, L. (Laura), Demerath, E.W. (E. W.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Econs, M.J. (M. J.), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Demerath, E.W. (Ellen), Streeten, E.A. (Elizabeth), Econs, M.J. (Michael), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Widen, E. (E.), Murabito, J. (Joanne), Ness, A.R. (Andrew), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Crawford, S. (Steve), Crow, S. (Scott), Fichter, M.M. (M. M.), Halmi, K.A. (K. A.), Palotie, A. (Aarno), La Via, M. (Maria), Mitchell, J. (James), Strober, M. (Michael), Rotondo, A. (Alessandro), Woodside, D.B. (D Blake), Keel, P. (Pamela), Lilenfeld, L. (Lisa), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Magistretti, P. (Pierre), Montgomery, G.W. (G. W.), Hinney, A. (Anke), Kesselmeier, M. (M.), Jall, S. (S.), Volckmar, A.-L. (A. L.), Föcker, M. (M.), Antel, J. (J.), Heid, I.M. (Iris), Winkler, T.W. (Thomas W.), Grant, S.F.A. (S. F.A.), Guo, Y. (Yongli), Bergen, A.W. (Andrew), Grant, S.F.A. (Struan), Berrettini, W. (Wade), Hakonarson, H. (Hakon), Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. (B.), De Zwaan, M. (M.), Herzog, W. (W.), Ehrlich, S.M. (Stefan), Zipfel, S. (S.), Egberts, K. (Karin), Adan, R. (R.), Brandys, M. (M.), Elburg, A.A. (Annemarie) van, Boraska Perica, V. (V.), Müller, T.D., Tschöp, M.H. (M. H.), Zeggini, E. (Eleftheria), Bulik, C.M. (C. M.), Collier, D.A. (David), Scherag, A. (A.), Hebebrand, J. (J.), Tschop, M. (Matthias), Floyd, J. (Jamie), Thornton, L.M. (Laura), Huckins, L.M. (Laura M), Southam, L. (Lorraine), Rayner, N.W. (Nigel William), Tachmazidou, I. (Ioanna), Klump, K.L. (K. L.), Treasure, J. (Janet), Lewis, C.M. (Cathryn), Schmidt, U. (Ulrike), Tozzi, F. (Federica), Iezebrink, K. (Kirsty), Gorwood, P. (Philip), Kas, M.J.H. (Martien), Favaro, A. (Angela), Santonastaso, P. (Paolo), Fernández-Aranda, F. (Fernando), Gratacos, M. (Monica), Rybakowski, F. (Filip), Dmitrzak-Weglarz, M. (Monika), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Keski-Rahkonen, A. (Anna), Raevuori-Helkamaa, A. (Anu), Furth, E.F. (Eric) van, Slof-Op’t Landt, M.C.T. (Margarita C. T.), Hudson, J.I. (James I), Knudsen, G.P.S. (Gun Peggy S.), Monteleone, P. (Palmiero), Kaplan, A.S. (Allan S), Karwautz, A. (Andreas), Li, D. (Dong), Komaki, G. (Gen), Ando, T. (Tetsuya), Inoko, H. (Hidetoshi), Esko, T. (T.), Fischer, K. (Krista), Männik, K. (Katrin), Metspalu, A. (Andres), Baker, J.H. (Jessica H), Cone, R.D. (Roger D), Esko, T. (Tõnu), DeSocio, J.E. (Janiece E), Hilliard, C.E. (Christopher E), O’Toole, J.K. (Julie K), Pantel, J. (Jacques), Szatkiewicz, J.P. (Jin P), Taico, C. (Chrysecolla), Zerwas, S. (Stephanie), Trace, S.E. (Sara E), Davis, O.S.P. (Oliver S.), Helder, S. (Sietske), Bühren, K. (Katharina), Burghardt, R. (Roland), Imgart, H. (Hartmut), Scherag, A. (Andre), Boni, C. (Claudette), Ramoz, N. (Nicolas), Versini, A. (Audrey), Danner, U.N. (Unna N), de Kove, C. (Carolien), Hendriks, J. (Judith), Koeleman, B.P.C. (Bobby P. C.), Ophoff, R.A. (Roel), Strengman, E. (Eric), Bruson, A. (Alice), Clementi, M. (Maurizio), Degortes, D. (Daniela), Forzan, M. (Monica), Tenconi, E. (Elena), Docampo, E. (Elisa), Jiménez-Murcia, G.E.S. (Geòrgia Escaramí Susana), Lissowska, J. (Jolanta), Rajewski, A. (Andrzej), Szeszenia-Dabrowska, N. (Neonila), Slopien, A. (Agnieszka), Hauser, J. (J.), Karhunen, L. (Leila), Meulenbelt, I. (Ingrid), Slagboom, P.E. (Eline), Tortorella, A. (Alfonso), Maj, M. (Mario), Dedoussis, G.V. (George), Dedoussis, G.V. (G. V.), Koeleman, B.P.C. (Bobby), Gonidakis, F. (Fragiskos), Tziouvas, K. (Konstantinos), Tsitsika, A. (Artemis), Papezova, H. (Hana), Slachtova, L. (Lenka), Martaskova, D. (Debora), Kennedy, J.L., Levitan, R.D. (Robert D), Yilmaz, Z. (Zeynep), Huemer, J. (Julia), Koubek, D. (Doris), Merl, E. (Elisabeth), Wagner, G. (Gudrun), Lichtenstein, P. (Paul), Breen, G. (Gerome), Cohen-Woods, S. (Sarah), Farmer, A.E. (Anne E), Mcguffin, P. (Peter), Cichon, S. (Sven), Giegling, I. (Ina), Herms, S. (Stefan), Rujescu, D. (Dan), Schreiber, S. (Stefan), Wichmann, H.E. (Heinz Erich), Sladek, R. (Rob), Gambaro, G. (Giovanni), Soranzo, N. (Nicole), Julia, A. (Antonio), Marsal, S. (Sara), Rabionet, R. (Raquel), Gaborieau, V. (Valerie), Dick, D.M. (Danielle), Palotie, A. (A.), Ripatti, S. (Samuli), Widen, E., Espeseth, T. (Thomas), Lundervold, A.J. (Astri), Reinvang, I. (Ivar), Steen, V.M. (Vidar), Le Hellard, S. (Stephanie), Mattingsdal, M. (Morten), Ntalla, I. (Ioanna), Bencko, V. (Vladimir), Foretova, L. (Lenka), Janout, V. (Vladimir), Navratilova, M. (Marie), Pinto, D. (Dalila), Scherer, S.W. (Stephen W), Carlberg, L. (Laura), Schosser, A. (Alexandra), Alfredsson, L. (Lars), Pinto, D. (Duane), Scherer, S.W. (Stephen), Padyukov, L. (Leonid), Finan, C. (Chris), Kalsi, G. (Gursharan), Roberts, M. (Marion), Logan, D.W. (Darren W), Peltonen, L. (Leena Johanna), Ritchie, G.R.S. (Graham R.S.), Barrett, J.C. (Jeffrey), Estivill, X. (Xavier), Sullivan, P.F. (Patrick), Anderson, C.A. (Carl A), McGinnis, R. (Ralph), Sambrook, J. (Jennifer), Stephens, J. (Jonathan), Ouwehand, W.H. (Willem), McArdle, P.F. (P. F.), Ring, S.M. (Susan), Strachan, D.P. (David), Alexander, G. (Graeme), Conlon, P.J. (Peter J), Dominiczak, A. (Anna), Duncanson, A. (Audrey), Padyukov, L. (L.), Langford, C. (Cordelia), Lord, G. (Graham), Conlon, P. (Peter), Sandford, R. (Richard), Sheerin, N. (Neil), Vannberg, F.O. (Frederik O), Blackburn, H. (Hannah), Maxwell, A.P. (A.), Edkins, T. (Ted), Gillman, M.W. (Matthew W.), Gray, E. (Emma), Hunt, S.E. (Sarah E), Nengut, S.-G. (Suna-Gumuscu), Potter, S.C. (Simon), Rich, S.S. (Stephen), Simpkin, D. (Douglas), Whittaker, P. (Pamela), Ang, W.Q. (Wei), Atalay, M. (Mustafa), Beijsterveldt, C.E.M. (Toos) van, Bergen, N. (N.), Benke, K. (K.), Berry, D. (Diane), Boomsma, D.I. (Dorret), Bradfield, J.P. (Jonathan), Charoen, P. (Pimphen), Coin, L. (Lachlan), Cooper, C. (C.), Cousminer, D.L. (Diana), Das, S. (Shikta), Elliott, P. (P.), Evans, D.M. (D. M.), Feenstra, B. (B.), Flexeder, C. (Claudia), Frayling, T.M. (Timothy), Freathy, R.M. (Rachel), Gaillard, R. (R.), Geller, F. (Frank), Groen-Blokhuis, M. (Maria), Goh, L.K. (L. K.), Guxens Junyent, M. (Mònica), Hattersley, A.T. (Andrew), Haworth, C.M.A. (Claire M.), Hadley, D. (D.), Heinrich, J. (J.), Hirschhorn, J.N. (Joel), Hocher, B. (Berthold), Holloway, J.W. (J. W.), Holst, J.J., Hottenga, J.J. (Jouke Jan), Horikoshi, M. (Momoko), Huikari, V. (Ville), Hypponen, E. (E.), Iñiguez, C. (C.), Jaddoe, V.W. (V. W.), Jarvelin, M.R. (M. R.), Kaakinen, M. (M.), Kilpeläinen, T.O. (Tuomas), Hypponen, E. (Elina), Kowgier, M. (Matthew), Lakka, T.A. (Timo), Cooper, C. (Charles), Lange, L.A. (Leslie), Lawlor, D.A. (D. A.), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Lewin, A. (Alex), Elliott, P. (Paul), Lindi, V. (Virpi), Maggi, R. (Reedik), Feenstra, B. (Bjarke), McCarthy, M.I. (M. I.), Melbye, M. (Mads), Middeldorp, C.M. (Christel), Millwood, I.Y. (Iona), Mohlke, K.L. (Karen), Mook-Kanamori, D.O. (D. O.), Murray, J.C. (Jeffrey), Nivard, M. (Michel), Nohr, C. (Christian), Oken, E. (Emily), Ong, K.K. (K. K.), O'Reilly, P.F. (P. F.), Palmer, C. (Cameron), Panoutsopoulou, K. (K.), Pararajasingham, J. (Jennifer), Pearson, E.R. (E. R.), Pennell, C.E. (Craig), Power, C. (Christopher), Price, T.S. (Thomas), Prokopenko, I. (Inga), Raitakari, O.T. (O. T.), Rodriguez, A. (A.), Salem, R.M. (Rany), Saw, S.M. (S. M.), Sebert, S. (S.), Siitonen, N. (Niina), Jaddoe, V.W.V. (Vincent), Sørensen, T.I.A. (Thorkild), Sovio, U. (Ulla), Lawlor, D.A. (Debbie), Sunyer, J. (J.), Taal, H.R. (Rob), Teo, Y.Y. (Y. Y.), Thiering, E. (Elisabeth), Tiesler, C. (C.), Timpson, N.J. (Nicholas), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Valcárcel, B. (Beatriz), Teo, Y.Y. (Yik Ying), White, S.J. (Stefan), Willemsen, G.A.H.M. (Gonneke), Wilson, J.F. (J. F.), Yaghootkar, H. (H.), Elks, C.E. (Cathy), Perry, J.R. (J. R.), Sulem, P. (Patrick), Chasman, D.I. (Daniel), Franceschini, N. (Nora), He, C. (C.), Lunetta, K.L. (Kathryn), Visser, J.A. (Jenny), Byrne, E.M. (E. M.), Gudbjartsson, D.F. (Daniel), Koller, D.L. (Daniel), Kutalik, Z. (Zoltán), Lin, P. (P.), Mangino, M. (Massimo), Byrne, E.M. (Enda), Smith, A.V. (Albert), Stolk, L. (Lisette), Wingerden, S. (Sophie) van, Zhao, J.H. (J. H.), Albrecht, E. (Eva), Corre, T. (Tanguy), Ingelsson, E. (Erik), Hayward, C. (Caroline), Magnusson, P.K. (Patrik), Smith, A.V. (Davey), Chanock, S.J. (Stephen), Warrington, M. (M.), Zgaga, L. (L.), Alavere, H. (Helene), Amin, N. (Najaf), Aspelund, T. (T.), Ulivi, S. (Shelia), Sunyer, J. (Jordi), Berenson, G. (Gerald), Bergmann, S.M. (Sven), Boerwinkle, E. (E.), Buring, J.E. (Julie), Busonero, F. (F.), Barroso, I.E. (Inês), Chanock, S.J. (S. J.), Warrington, N.M. (Nicole), Couper, D.J. (David), Coviello, A.D. (Andrea), Busonero, F., Faire, U. (Ulf) de, de Geus, E.J. (E. J.), Deloukas, P. (Panagiotis), Döring, A. (Angela), Davey Smith, G. (G.), Adamo, P. (Pio) d', Eiriksdottir, G. (Gudny), Geus, E.J.C. (Eco) de, Hagen, K. (Knut), Ferrucci, L. (L.), Folsom, A.R. (A. R.), Foroud, T. (T.), Garcia, M.E. (M.), Gasparini, P. (P.), Gieger, C. (Christian), Gudnason, V. (V.), Folsom, A.R. (Aaron), Hankinson, S.E. (S. E.), Ferreli, L. (Liana), Gasparini, P. (Paolo), Hernandez, D.G. (Dena), Hofman, A. (Albert), Hu, F.B. (F. B.), Illig, T. (T.), Jarvelin, M.-R. (Marjo-Riitta), Johnson, A.D. (Andrew), Karasik, D. (David), Khaw, K.T. (K. T.), Kiel, D.P. (Douglas P.), Kolcic, I. (Ivana), Kraft, P. (Peter), Launer, L.J. (Lenore), Laven, J.S. (J. S.), Li, S. (S.), Liu, J. (J.), Levy, D. (D.), Martin, N.G. (N. G.), Aspelund, T. (Thor), Nalls, M.A. (Michael), Navarro, P. (Pau), Nelis, M. (M.), Ness, A.R. (A. R.), Boerwinkle, E.A. (Eric), Oostra, B.A. (Ben), Peacock, M. (M.), Pare, G. (Guillame), Parker, A.N. (Alex), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Cornelis, M. (Marilyn), Polasek, O. (Ozren), Plump, A.S. (A. S.), Peacock, M. (Munro), Porcu, E. (Eleonora), Rafnar, T. (Thorunn), Rice, J.P. (John), Rivadeneira, F. (F.), Sala, C. (Cinzia), Salomaa, V. (Veikko), Sanna, S. (Serena), Schlessinger, D. (D.), Scuteri, A. (A.), Segrè, A.V. (Ayellet), Foroud, T. (Tatiana), Srinivasan, S.R. (Sathanur), Tammesoo, M.L. (M. L.), Tikkanen, E. (Emmi), Toniolo, D. (Daniela), Scuteri, A. (Angelo), Tryggvadottir, L. (Laufey), Tyrer, J. (J.), Uda, M. (M.), van Dam, R.M. (R. M.), Meurs, J.B.J. (Joyce) van, Vollenweider, P. (Peter), Waeber, G. (Gérard), Wareham, N.J. (Nick), Waterworth, D. (Dawn), Weedon, M.N. (Michael), Wright, A.F. (Alan), Young, L. (L.), Zhai, G. (G.), Zhuang, W.V. (W. V.), Bierut, L.J. (L. J.), Boyd, H.A. (H. A.), Crisponi, L. (Laura), Demerath, E.W. (E. W.), Duijn, C.M. (Cornelia) van, Econs, M.J. (M. J.), Harris, T.B. (Tamara), Bierut, L.J. (Laura), Loos, R.J.F. (Ruth), Ridker, P.M. (Paul), Demerath, E.W. (Ellen), Streeten, E.A. (Elizabeth), Econs, M.J. (Michael), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Unnur), Widen, E. (E.), Murabito, J. (Joanne), Ness, A.R. (Andrew), Spector, T.D. (Timothy), Crawford, S. (Steve), Crow, S. (Scott), Fichter, M.M. (M. M.), Halmi, K.A. (K. A.), Palotie, A. (Aarno), La Via, M. (Maria), Mitchell, J. (James), Strober, M. (Michael), Rotondo, A. (Alessandro), Woodside, D.B. (D Blake), Keel, P. (Pamela), Lilenfeld, L. (Lisa), Rivadeneira Ramirez, F. (Fernando), Magistretti, P. (Pierre), and Montgomery, G.W. (G. W.)
Abstract: The maintenance of normal body weight is disrupted in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) for prolonged periods of time. Prior to the onset of AN, premorbid body mass index (BMI) spans the entire range from underweight to obese. After recovery, patients have reduced rates of overweight and obesity. As such, loci involved in body weight regulation may also be relevant for AN and vice versa. Our primary analysis comprised a cross-trait analysis of the 1000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the lowest P-values in a genome-wide association meta-analysis (GWAMA) of AN (GCAN) for evidence of association in the largest published GWAMA for BMI (GIANT). Subsequently we performed sex-stratified analyses for these 1000 SNPs. Functional ex vivo studies on four genes ensued. Lastly, a look-up of GWAMA-derived BMI-related loci was performed in the AN GWAMA. We detected significant associations (P-values <5 × 10-5, Bonferroni-corrected P<0.05) for nine SNP alleles at three independent loci. Interestingly, all AN susceptibility alleles were consistently associated with increased BMI. None of the genes (chr. 10: CTBP2, chr. 19: CCNE1, chr. 2: CARF and NBEAL1; the latter is a region with high linkage disequilibrium) nearest to these SNPs has previously been associated with AN or obesity. Sex-stratified analyses revealed that the strongest BMI signal originated predominantly from females (chr. 10 rs1561589; Poverall: 2.47 × 10-06/Pfemales: 3.45 × 10-07/Pmales: 0.043). Functional ex vivo studies in mice revealed reduced hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 and Nbeal1 after fasting. Hypothalamic expression of Ctbp2 was increased in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice as compared with age-matched lean controls. We observed no evidence for associations for the look-up of BMI-related loci in the AN GWAMA. A cross-trait analysis of AN and BMI loci revealed variants at three chromosomal loci with potential joint impact. The chromosome 10 locus is particularly promising given that the associa
Published: 2017
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199. An epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of educational attainment

Author: Karlsson Linnér, R., Marioni, R.E., Rietveld, C.A., Simpkin, A.J., Davies, N.M., Watanabe, K., Armstrong, N.J., Auro, K., Baumbach, C., Bonder, M.J., Buchwald, J., Fiorito, G., Ismail, K., Iurato, S., Joensuu, A., Karell, P., Kasela, S., Lahti, J., McRae, A.F., Mandaviya, P.R., Seppälä, I., Wang, Y., Baglietto, L., Binder, E.B., Harris, S.E., Hodge, A.M., Horvath, S., Hurme, M., Johannesson, M., Latvala, A., Mather, K.A., Medland, S.E., Metspalu, A., Milani, L., Milne, R.L., Pattie, A., Pedersen, N.L., Peters, A., Polidoro, S., Räikkönen, K., Severi, G., Starr, J.M., Stolk, L., Waldenberger, M., Eriksson, J.G., Esko, T., Franke, L., Gieger, C., Giles, G.G., Hägg, S., Jousilahti, P., Kaprio, J., Kähönen, M., Lehtimäki, T., Martin, N.G., van Meurs, J.B.C., Ollikainen, M., Perola, M., Posthuma, D., Raitakari, O.T., Sachdev, P.S., Taskesen, E., Uitterlinden, A.G., Vineis, P., Wijmenga, C., Wright, M.J., Relton, C., Davey Smith, G., Deary, I.J., Koellinger, P.D., Benjamin, D.J., Karlsson Linnér, R., Marioni, R.E., Rietveld, C.A., Simpkin, A.J., Davies, N.M., Watanabe, K., Armstrong, N.J., Auro, K., Baumbach, C., Bonder, M.J., Buchwald, J., Fiorito, G., Ismail, K., Iurato, S., Joensuu, A., Karell, P., Kasela, S., Lahti, J., McRae, A.F., Mandaviya, P.R., Seppälä, I., Wang, Y., Baglietto, L., Binder, E.B., Harris, S.E., Hodge, A.M., Horvath, S., Hurme, M., Johannesson, M., Latvala, A., Mather, K.A., Medland, S.E., Metspalu, A., Milani, L., Milne, R.L., Pattie, A., Pedersen, N.L., Peters, A., Polidoro, S., Räikkönen, K., Severi, G., Starr, J.M., Stolk, L., Waldenberger, M., Eriksson, J.G., Esko, T., Franke, L., Gieger, C., Giles, G.G., Hägg, S., Jousilahti, P., Kaprio, J., Kähönen, M., Lehtimäki, T., Martin, N.G., van Meurs, J.B.C., Ollikainen, M., Perola, M., Posthuma, D., Raitakari, O.T., Sachdev, P.S., Taskesen, E., Uitterlinden, A.G., Vineis, P., Wijmenga, C., Wright, M.J., Relton, C., Davey Smith, G., Deary, I.J., Koellinger, P.D., and Benjamin, D.J.
Abstract: The epigenome is associated with biological factors, such as disease status, and environmental factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index. Although there is a widespread perception that environmental influences on the epigenome are pervasive and profound, there has been little evidence to date in humans with respect to environmental factors that are biologically distal. Here we provide evidence on the associations between epigenetic modifications—in our case, CpG methylation—and educational attainment (EA), a biologically distal environmental factor that is arguably among the most important life-shaping experiences for individuals. Specifically, we report the results of an epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of EA based on data from 27 cohort studies with a total of 10 767 individuals. We find nine CpG probes significantly associated with EA. However, robustness analyses show that all nine probes have previously been found to be associated with smoking. Only two associations remain when we perform a sensitivity analysis in the subset of never-smokers, and these two probes are known to be strongly associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, and thus their association with EA could be due to correlation between EA and maternal smoking. Moreover, the effect sizes of the associations with EA are far smaller than the known associations with the biologically proximal environmental factors alcohol consumption, body mass index, smoking and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Follow-up analyses that combine the effects of many probes also point to small methylation associations with EA that are highly correlated with the combined effects of smoking. If our findings regarding EA can be generalized to other biologically distal environmental factors, then they cast doubt on the hypothesis that such factors have large effects on the epigenome.
Published: 2017

200. An epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of educational attainment

Author: Karlsson Linnér, R. (R.), Marioni, R.E. (Riccardo), Rietveld, C.A. (Niels), Simpkin, A.J. (A. J.), Davies, N.M. (N. M.), Watanabe, K. (K.), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Auro, K. (Kirsi), Baumbach, C. (Clemens), Bonder, M.J. (Marc), Buchwald, J. (J.), Fiorito, G. (G.), Ismail, K. (K.), Iurato, S. (S.), Joensuu, A. (Anni), Karell, P. (P.), Kasela, S. (Silva), Lahti, J. (Jari), McRae, A.F. (A. F.), Mandaviya, P.R. (Pooja), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Wang, Y. (Y.), Baglietto, L. (L.), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Hodge, A.M. (A. M.), Horvath, S. (S.), Hurme, M. (M.), Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Latvala, A. (Antti), Mather, R., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Metspalu, A. (A.), Milani, L. (Lili), Milne, R.L. (R. L.), Pattie, A. (Alison), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Peters, A. (Annette), Polidoro, S. (Silvia), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Severi, G. (Gianluca), Starr, J.M. (John), Stolk, L. (Lisette), Waldenberger, M. (M.), Hagen, K. (Knut), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Franke, L. (Lude), Gieger, C. (Christian), Giles, G.G. (G. G.), Hägg, S. (Sara), Jousilahti, P. (Pekka), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Martin, N.G. (N. G.), Meurs, J. (J.) van, Ollikainen, M. (M.), Perola, M. (M.), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Raitakari, O.T. (O. T.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Taskesen, E. (Erdogan), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Vineis, P. (Paolo), Wijmenga, C. (Ciska), Wright, M.J. (M. J.), Relton, C.L. (Caroline), Davey Smith, G. (G.), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Koellinger, P.D. (P. D.), Benjamin, D.J. (D. J.), Karlsson Linnér, R. (R.), Marioni, R.E. (Riccardo), Rietveld, C.A. (Niels), Simpkin, A.J. (A. J.), Davies, N.M. (N. M.), Watanabe, K. (K.), Armstrong, N.J. (Nicola J.), Auro, K. (Kirsi), Baumbach, C. (Clemens), Bonder, M.J. (Marc), Buchwald, J. (J.), Fiorito, G. (G.), Ismail, K. (K.), Iurato, S. (S.), Joensuu, A. (Anni), Karell, P. (P.), Kasela, S. (Silva), Lahti, J. (Jari), McRae, A.F. (A. F.), Mandaviya, P.R. (Pooja), Seppälä, I. (Ilkka), Wang, Y. (Y.), Baglietto, L. (L.), Binder, E.B. (Elisabeth), Harris, S.E. (Sarah), Hodge, A.M. (A. M.), Horvath, S. (S.), Hurme, M. (M.), Johannesson, M. (Magnus), Latvala, A. (Antti), Mather, R., Medland, S.E. (Sarah), Metspalu, A. (A.), Milani, L. (Lili), Milne, R.L. (R. L.), Pattie, A. (Alison), Pedersen, N.L. (Nancy), Peters, A. (Annette), Polidoro, S. (Silvia), Räikkönen, K. (Katri), Severi, G. (Gianluca), Starr, J.M. (John), Stolk, L. (Lisette), Waldenberger, M. (M.), Hagen, K. (Knut), Esko, T. (Tõnu), Franke, L. (Lude), Gieger, C. (Christian), Giles, G.G. (G. G.), Hägg, S. (Sara), Jousilahti, P. (Pekka), Kaprio, J. (Jaakko), Kähönen, M. (Mika), Lehtimäki, T. (Terho), Martin, N.G. (N. G.), Meurs, J. (J.) van, Ollikainen, M. (M.), Perola, M. (M.), Posthuma, D. (Danielle), Raitakari, O.T. (O. T.), Sachdev, P.S. (Perminder), Taskesen, E. (Erdogan), Uitterlinden, A.G. (André), Vineis, P. (Paolo), Wijmenga, C. (Ciska), Wright, M.J. (M. J.), Relton, C.L. (Caroline), Davey Smith, G. (G.), Deary, I.J. (Ian), Koellinger, P.D. (P. D.), and Benjamin, D.J. (D. J.)
Abstract: The epigenome is associated with biological factors, such as disease status, and environmental factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index. Although there is a widespread perception that environmental influences on the epigenome are pervasive and profound, there has been little evidence to date in humans with respect to environmental factors that are biologically distal. Here we provide evidence on the associations between epigenetic modifications - in our case, CpG methylation - and educational attainment (EA), a biologically distal environmental factor that is arguably among the most important life-shaping experiences for individuals. Specifically, we report the results of an epigenome-wide association study meta-analysis of EA based on data from 27 cohort studies with a total of 10 767 individuals. We find nine CpG probes significantly associated with EA. However, robustness analyses show that all nine probes have previously been found to be associated with smoking. Only two associations remain when we perform a sensitivity analysis in the subset of never-smokers, and these two probes are known to be strongly associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, and thus their association with EA could be due to correlation between EA and maternal smoking. Moreover, the effect sizes of the associations with EA are far smaller than the known associations with the biologically proximal environmental factors alcohol consumption, body mass index, smoking and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Follow-up analyses that combine the effects of many probes also point to small methylation associations with EA that are highly correlated with the combined effects of smoking. If our findings regarding EA can be generalized to other biologically distal environmental factors, then they cast doubt on the hypothesis that such factors have large effects on the epigenome.
Published: 2017
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