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In this paper we have presented results for classification of electroencephalograph (EEG) signals produced by the random visual exposure of primary colours i.e. red, green and blue to the subject while sitting in a dark room. Event-related spectral perturbations (ERSP) are used as features for support vector machine (SVM). Our objective was to classify the EEG signals as Red, Green and Blue classes and we have successfully classified the three visual conditions having accuracy of 84%, 89% and 98% with linear, polynomial and radial basis function kernels respectively with in all the groups of data among all the subjects.

We investigated the effects of specific wavelengths of light on the growth of barfin flounder. The fish, reared in white tanks in a dark room, were irradiated with light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths of 464nm (blue), 518nm (green), and 635nm (red) under a controlled photoperiod (10.5:13.5, light-dark cycle; 06:00-16:30, light). Fish were reared for four weeks in three independent experiments at three different water temperatures (averages of 14.9°C, 8.6°C, and 6.6°C). The fish irradiated with blue and green light had higher specific growth rates (% body weight⋅day(-1)) than fish irradiated with red light. Notably, green light had the greatest effect on growth among the three light wavelengths at 6.6°C. In the brains of fish reared at 6.6°C, the amounts of melanin-concentrating hormone 1 mRNA under green light were lower than those under red light, and amounts of proopiomelanocortin-C mRNA under blue and green light were higher than those under red light. No differences were observed for other neuropeptides tested. In the pituitary, no difference was observed in growth hormone mRNA content. In plasma, higher levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I were observed in fish under green light than those of fish under red light. These results suggest that the endocrine systems of barfin flounder are modulated by a specific wavelength of light that stimulates somatic growth.

PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between angle configuration and diagnostic provocation tests such as the mydriatic provocative test (MPT) and the dark room prone provocative test (DRPPT). MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy eyes of 70 consecutive patients with primary angle closure suspect, primary angle closure, or primary angle closure glaucoma were included. The anterior chamber depth, angle opening distance 500, trabecular-iris space area 500, and iris thickness (IT) were quantitatively determined by anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and the MPT and DRPPT were used to investigate intraocular pressure variations. RESULTS Seven eyes were positive and 3 eyes were suspected positive, using the MPT, whereas 10 eyes were positive and 7 eyes were suspected positive using the DRPPT. The anterior chamber depth and angle opening distance 500 of the positive and suspected positive groups (positive group), using the MPT, were significantly less than those of the negative group (P=0.013, P=0.013, respectively). IT of the positive group, using the MPT, was significantly greater than the negative group, using the same test (P=0.003). The trabecular-iris space area 500 of the positive group was significantly less than the negative group, using both the MPT (P

This paper tries to look at Pomerance’s The Elephant Man, from a new perspective from which no critic has investigated the play, before. Applying postcolonial theory of Homi K. Bhabha to the play, the author scrutinizes how ‘mimicry strategy’, employed by the colonizer and the Other, can be threatening for both and how the identity is mutually constructed in the Third Space in the presence of the Other, the difference. Comparing the way people project their own fears and desires onto the Other—Merrick—with Rumi’s Parable of “The Elephant in the Dark Room”, the author tries to lucidly delineate the colonial relationship between Merrick and other characters more comprehensibly.

Conventional photometric stereo requires to capture images or videos in a dark room to obstruct complex environment light as much as possible. This paper presents a new method that capitalizes on environment light to avail geometry reconstruction, thus bringing photometric stereo to the wild, such as an outdoor scene, with uncontrolled lighting. We do not make restrictive assumption, and only use simple capture equipments, which include a mirror sphere and a video camera. Qualitative and quantitative experiments indicate the potential and practicality of our system to generalize existing frameworks.

Objective. The perception of visual verticality is often perturbed after stroke and might be an underlying component of imbalance. The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of visual vertical (VV) perturbation and to investigate the factors affecting it. Methods. Thirty patients with hemiplegia after a single hemispheric stroke (17 left lesioned [LL] and 13 right lesioned [RL]) were studied. Visual verticality was tested within 45 days of stroke, and then at 3 and 6 months. Subjects sat in a dark room and adjusted a luminous rod to the vertical position. The differences between patients’ adjustments and vertical were calculated. The effects on VV evolution of the side, size, type, and location of the lesion were tested. Results. Sixty percent of the recent stroke patients had an initial inaccurate perception of verticality, and 39% of these patients recovered during the 1st 3 months after stroke. The evolution of VV tilt depended on the side of the lesion ( P = 0.01), with better recovery in LL patients. None of the other factors studied affected VV normalization. Conclusions. The poorer recovery of vertical perception after right-side stroke might be due to the predominant role of the right hemisphere in spatial cognition, and might be involved in the poorer recovery of balance after stroke in RL patients.

In her novella triptych The Dark Room (2001) the Australo-German Rachel Seiffert uses the motif of photography to problematize the ways in which Germans of various generations deal with the Nazi era and their implication in it. In this essay I argue that Seiffert demonstrates the limitations of photography in assisting us with accessing the past or any simplified notion of ‘truth’ or ‘reality’, especially when this medium carries the mandates of historical evidence and moral imperatives. Drawing on the historical contexts of Holocaust photography and recent critical readings of their use, I test the helpfulness of Barthes’ notions of punctum and studium. In pitching photographs of traumatic history against photography’s potential to produce trauma-like experiences or at least disturb the spectator, Seiffert places the true burden of the photograph on its temporal and connotative contingency that may lead to a ‘spectral punctum ’ - a subjective affect caused by something that the image does not record but that nonetheless conditions its reading as traumatic, a negative supplement signifying loss or absence.

Summary The classical method of processing contact prints in dishes is criticised as being very uneconomic. An alternative process is described for use when the exposure can be controlled by electronic printing. It is explained that this method very considerably reduces handling time, ensures an optimum quality of print, cuts the cost of chemicals by half, and occupies only a fraction of the space usually required for contact print production. The paper then describes a dark room layout and operating procedure which it is proposed to follow, designed to obviate the main bottleneck of contact printing which is concerned with the unwinding and subsequent winding up of long rolls of negative film.

This article explores three recent works of fiction, all concerned with what I call “imaginary tales in the land of the perpetrators”. All the writers are women, albeit of varied backgrounds and nationalities. The earliest is Marcie Hershman (American, Tales of the Master Race, 1991), followed by Gila Lustiger (German‐Jewish, Die Bestandsaufnahme, 1995, published in English as The Inventory, 2001) and Rachel Seiffert (British, The Dark Room, 2001). Although only Lustiger is the child of a survivor, all may be counted in the ranks of the second, or even third generation, who strive, each in their way, to recreate the day‐to‐day workings of society in the lives of “ordinary folk” under the Third Reich, to pose once again that all‐consuming question: How could it have happened? Working at the intersection of history and fiction, fact and invention, imagination and memory, these novels may indicate a new and more risky trend in Holocaust literature away from the victims to the victimizers.

Diagnostics of the anterior segment of the eye present the most frequent diagnostics implemented in ophthalmology and by most veterinary practicians as well. This paper presents the complete diagnostics in the most concise form possible. The procedure with animals is presented first, followed by the equipment, and then anamnesis. The following diagnostic methods are presented: examination in a lighted room which include an examination from a distance, taking a smear, the Schirmer tear test (STT), an examination from close by, examination in a dark room which comprises the elementary examinations, such as the use of focal lighting and examination using a direct ophthalmoscope, and special examination in a dark room, such as biomicroscopy, gonioscopy and keratoscopy. Additional examination methods are also included. Dijagnostika prednjeg segmenta oka predstavlja najčešću dijagnostiku koja se sprovodi u oftamologiji i u različitom obimu je primenjuje većina veterinara praktičara. Na ovom mestu je predstavljena kompletna dijagnostika u što konciznijem obliku. Prvo je predstavljen postupak sa životinjama, zatim oprema i anamneza. Predstavljene su dijagnostičke metode: pregled u osvetljenoj prostoriji u koje se ubrajaju pregled iz daljine, uzimanje brisa, STT, pregled iz blizine, zatim pregled u zamračenoj prostoriji u koje se ubrajaju pregledi u zamračenoj prostoriji kao što su fokalno osvetljenje i pregled direktnim oftalmoskopom i specijalni pregledi u zamračenoj prostoriji kao što su biomikroskopija, gonioskopija i keratoskopija. Uključene su i dodatne metode pregleda.

Optical measuring techniques offer essential benefits that make them very good candidates for industrial use: they enable object testing without any contact, with high speed for a full field and with fully automated operation. The typical picture for the use of optics is commonly associated with a vibration isolated workbench in a clean and dark room where the ambient light can be blocked and the operator wear goggles for eye safety reasons. Can such optical laboratories fit into an industrial environment? Certainly not. The optical technology has to grow out of the lab, conquering the factory floor.

A large and dark room. In the foreground a terminal, at the rear wall a huge screen showing everything that happens at the terminal. At first the screen is off, the room in twilight. Below the stage, but visible, Lady Ada in a coffin. Around the stage on a gallery, nearly invisible in the dark (also when the stage is lit), the chorus of Ada gurus.

Adults of Talorchestia martensii were individually released in a confined environment, with and without the natural magnetic field, under the sun and in a dark room. The sandhoppers scanned the horizontal component of the magnetic field by left and right oscillations of the entire major body axis. The frequency of this behaviour increased in a zeroed magnetic field, as did the frequencies of other behavioural indicators that reflect the difficulty in identifying the ecologically efficient orientation direction (sea-land axis). Therefore, like head scans in birds, body scans seem to be used by equatorial sandhoppers to detect the magnetic symmetry plane.

What is the significant meaning of reoccurring dreams? Since college, I have frequently dreamt that I refuse to go into a dark room. In the dream, I always walked into an extremely dirty bathroom, and often stepped on some sticky soil. During my college years, I studied psychology to discover the meaning of these dreams. The connection stemmed from the sevenstory H-shaped housing project, where I lived from birth to twenty years of age. In this housing project, more than 300 tenants on each floor shared two communal toilets located in the middle of the “H.” Most dream analyses linked bathroom dreams to emotional needs about releasing an unconscious desire of basic wants. Why would I still dream about these basic wants even after I no longer have to worry about food and shelter? How could a child’s memory last this long? Were my dreams related to my childhood stress? Only I, not my psychoanalyst, would know where the source of this childhood stress came from. My experience should not be referred to as “childhood trauma,” but instead it was all about poverty and the journey out due to family, family values, sponsors, church and community support, and education.

The signal characteristics of the biophotons from human hands were studied using correlation and δ-value analyses. Three healthy individuals without any history of disease participated in the measurements, six times every Friday for 52 weeks, while staying in a room with dim lighting to eliminate any delayed luminescence caused by the sun or room lights. Two head-on type photomultiplier tubes inside a dark room were used to simultaneously measure the biophoton emissions from the palm and dorsum of the left and right hand with a 100ms gate time. In view of the signal process, a cross-correlation of the long-term data, i.e. the weekly measurements, revealed a strong correlation between the signals from the left and right hand, yet only a very weak correlation between the palm and dorsum. The non-classical light property of the biophotons, that has a quantum coherence nature, was compared with that of the dark counts of the PMTs using a δ- value analysis. The average δ-value for the biophotons was 0.08±0.07. As such, it was found that the palm emissions were very coherent, while the dorsum emissions showed an occasional lack of coherence.

The present work is concerned with a description of strong fluorescence from a sample of Alocasia culcullata schot (local name Kolia kasu) and possible realization of chlorophyll laser. The red florescence is most prominent when excited with broad band source like 30 mW green or blue solid state laser, but the acetone extract of plant leaves Allocasa cullcuta schot unusually exhibits the strong intensity in the red sector of the spectrum. A dark room can be easily illuminated with this red radiation. We have used this fact to explore a possible realization of chlorophyll laser which would be a natural environmental phenomenon.

The evacuation process from a dark room with a few exits is investigated by means of experiments and simulations. We study the effect of the configuration of exits in the dark room on the evacuation process. In the experiments, people in a dark room are mimicked by blinded students wearing eye masks. The evacuation of the disoriented students from the room is observed by video cameras. The trajectory and escape time of each student are measured. The experimentally observed behavior of students is reproduced by the extended lattice gas model in which blind students are simulated by biased random walkers. The dynamic pattern of evacuating students and the mean value of escape times are calculated and compared with the experimental result. The distribution of escape times is our particular focus.

The spray penetration into peanut canopies with single- and twin-row planting systems at three growth stages was investigated with four different types of hydraulic nozzle tips (flat fan, hollow cone, twin jet and air induction). The nozzles were operated at 276 kPa pressure, 6·4 km h−1 travel speed, and 0·5 m above the top of canopies. The canopy leaf area index (LAI) and height were measured for each test and correlated with spray deposits at the bottom and middle of peanut canopies. Spray deposits at the top, middle and bottom of canopies were determined with a spray mixture containing water and a fluorescent tracer. The concentration of spray samples were corrected with the calibration of the photo degradation of the tracer exposed to direct sunlight, under artificial shade and in a dark room. Plants with single- and twin-row planting systems received significantly different spray deposits within peanut canopies. For all four nozzles during the growth season, the spray deposits decreased dramatically from the top to the bottom of canopies, and also tended to linearly decrease as LAI increased. Compared to the flat fan nozzle at the bottom of canopies at 75 days after planting, the air induction nozzle produced 2·6 times higher spray deposits for single-row plants and 1·6 times higher spray deposits for twin-row plants. During the three growth stages, the air induction nozzle produced the highest mean spray deposit at the bottom of canopies, followed by the twin jet and then hollow cone nozzles. The conventional flat fan nozzle had the lowest spray penetration performance among the four types of nozzles.

The role of visual cues in individual agemate discrimination by lambs (Ovis aries) was assessed in two experiments. Lambs in the initial experiment were tested in pairs in a dark room, thereby eliminating access to the partners' visual phenotypes. When tested with a familiar penmate, lambs bleated less than did those paired with an unfamiliar unrelated partner, which implies that the penmates were recognized despite the absence of visual cues. In the second experiment, lambs were exposed individually to a projected life-size image of a familiar penmate (F), their (familiar) twin (T) or an unfamiliar unrelated lamb (U). The subject lambs responded in a more positive manner to the T slide than to a U image, however the F and U images did not elicit differential reactions. Visual cues thus appeared to be a sufficient basis only for twin recognition in this context. These results were compared to data from related studies concerning the roles of audition and olfaction in social discrimination by lambs.

We performed subjective experiments to evaluate color matching performance of the Spectral Properties Es- timation Model (SPEM) and six other models (von Kries, CIELAB, LLAB, RLAB, Nayatani, and CIECAM97s) be- tween two CRT monitors whose whites were quite different. Moreover, we evaluated color matching of these models between a CRT monitor and a printed image set in a dark room. The SPEM we developed is a new chromatic adap- tation model based on hypothetical spectral properties es- timation. This article describes the subjective experiments and the results obtained. The SPEM produced good color matching performance in the experiments. The detailed algorithm of the SPEM is given in the Appendix. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 28, 445- 453, 2003; Published online in

Two studies examined effects of ambient darkness and chronic beliefs about danger on activation of stereotypes about Blacks. Chronic beliefs were measured by a Belief in a Dangerous World (BDW) questionnaire. In Study, 1, participants in either a dimly lit or dark room saw photos of Black men and rated the extent to which specific traits described the cultural stereotype of Blacks. In Study 2, participants in either a well-lit or dark room completed reaction-time tasks assessing implicit associations between Blacks and evaluative attributes. Separate measures assessed stereotypes connoting danger versus those that are merely derogatory. Results revealed BDW × Darkness interactions on activation of danger-relevant stereotypes: BDW positively predicted activation in dark but not in light conditions. It appears that chronic beliefs about danger can facilitate activation of functionally relevant stereotypes, but this effect occurs primarily under circumstances (such as darkness) that heuristically suggest vulnerability to harm. Conceptual implications are discussed.

The present study was planned to examine if the sweet potato leaf could utilize as a food source. The cookies containing sweet potato leaf powder were prepared, and then evaluated from the points of the quality, preference characteristics and preservation stability. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the sweet potato leaf cookie and the jew's marrow leaf one were higher in the green color and stronger in the smell like green leaf than the without leaf powder one. However, there ware no significant differences in the taste and the texture among the three kinds of cookies. No different preference for the three kinds of cookies was also observed from the total evaluation of sensory test. Further, the breaking characteristic values of the both cookies added with the sweet potato leaf and the Jew's marrow leaf powders were not different from those of without leaf powder cookie. In the preservation period of the cookie samples in a dark room at 37°C for 8 month, the green color and the chlorophyll content decreased, and the acid value and the peroxide value of the lipid fraction in cookies increased. However, these changes weren't remarkable. In summary, it was evaluated that there was almost no problem in all the quality of the cookie added with sweet potato leaf powder.

Aim The aim of this study was to assess the radiographic features and factors affecting the long-term results of root canal treatment in the Lodź region of Poland. Methodology Three hundred and fifty-five periapical radiographs of previously endodontically treated teeth (282 root-filled teeth and 73 teeth with pulpotomy) from 236 patients were evaluated in the study. The patients were aged from 15 to 76 years and randomly selected amongst subjects referred to the Institute of Dentistry. Medical University of Lodź and two private dental practices. The radiographs were examined by the authors according to criteria proposed by De Cleen et al. (1993) using an illuminated viewbox in a dark room. The Fisher's exact test was used to compare the frequencies in teeth groups. Results Amongst root-filled teeth, 49% were adequately filled within 0-2 mm of the radiographic apex. Periapical radiolucencies were observed in 25% of root-filled teeth. Teeth without periapical pathosis were more often filled within 0-2 mm of the apex (59%) than teeth with pathosis (17%). Teeth were most often adequately filled (64%) in patients attending the Institute of Dentistry. In patients attending the dental outpatients' departments, 71% of teeth were inadequately filled. Amongst the teeth treated with pulpotomy, 67% had a periapical radiolucency. Conclusion The radiographic technical quality of the root canal treatment was associated with the outcome that root fillings of adequate standard were associated with health more often than inadequate root fillings. Pulpotomy was associated with periapical disease in the majority of cases.

Recently, the voltage-controlled ramp (VCR) waveform has been used in the reset period prior to addressing for plasma display. In this method, if the ramp rise and fall times are significantly decreased in order to reduce the reset period, the dark room contrast ratio is decreased. To solve these problems, a modified current controlled ramp (CCR) waveform in the reset period is suggested. Experimental results for a 7-in model PDP show high contrast ratio without misfiring even for ramp rise/fall times of 20 /spl mu/s. Moreover, the reset time can be reduced by about 30% compared with the VCR method under the same background luminance.

We investigated the perceived locations of two stimuli flashed successively near the time of saccade execution in a dark room. The inter-stimulus interval (ISI) between the flashes ranged from 80 to 240 ms. The results show that when the ISI was 120 ms or shorter, perceived locations of the flashes interacted with each other so that the perceived distance between them was equal to the distance between these flashes on the retina. When the ISI was 240 ms, this interaction was weak. These results suggest two hypotheses. Firstly, the relation of retinal locations of flashes is a strong cue for perceiving the flash locations when the ISI is shorter than about 120 ms. Secondly, the process of perceiving or memorizing a flash location requires some time. Therefore, the perceived location of the succeeding flash affects that of the preceding flash when the ISI as shorter than about 120 ms.

It has been suggested that low ambient lighting conditions increase the amplitude of the PERG, but no data has been available on this issue. We recorded the transient PERG (0.8° check size) and steady-state PERG (15 rev/s, 0.8° and 16° check size) under three lighting conditions: dark room, only illuminated by the stimulus (resulting in 30 lux), our standard room lighting (windows occluded, one lighted lamp, 200 lux) and fully lit room (full ceiling illumination with eight fluorescent tubes) resulting in rather bright 2300 lux. The stimulus luminance was 50 cd/m2. The sequence of lighting conditions varied for each subject and followed a balanced permutation of an ABCCBA scheme. Results showed a significant effect (P

Objectives.Inadvertent sleep episodes are a recognizedcomplication of sleep deprivation. Although such events can be lifethreatening, no system currently exists to detect and prevent sleeponset. Because sleep shares electroencephalographic similarities withthe anesthetized state, we hypothesized that the BIS monitor, acurrently available EEG-based monitor of anesthetic depth, would detectthe onset of physiologic sleep. To test our hypothesis, we monitoredvolunteers during the transition from waking to sleep. Methods.Non-medicated volunteers were asked to lie down in a dark room for30-minutes and fall asleep while attached to a BIS monitor locatedoutside the room. A laptop computer was used to generate an audio toneinside the room. Speaker volume was adjusted to the lowest leveldetectable by the awake subject. Testing was begun by activating acomputer to play a tone at random intervals. The subject was instructedto click a mouse connected to the computer upon hearing the tone toverify wakefulness. The session was terminated upon loss of response tothree consecutive tones or after 30 minutes. Subjects were questionedafterwards regarding their perceptions of sleep during testing.Results.11 out of 28 self-described good sleepers could notsleep under testing conditions. BIS values for the remaining 17 fellfrom 96.4 ± 2.1 to 86.5 ± 0.79 (p 90, and were asleep either by subjective or objective report at BISvalues

In 1980, when I was nine years old, my mother had a hysterectomy. I seem to have been anesthetized during the week of her hospitalization: I don't remember missing her, I don't remember feeling that she had been taken from me. Her homecoming from the hospital must have sparked a flurry of activity—my sister Anne tucking piUows behind Mom's back and running to fetch the TV remote, my father heading downstairs to smoke in the basement so that Mom wouldn't split her belly open, coughing—but I can't recall the day she came home. I remember the days afterward, when Anne and my brother, Danny, went to school, my father to work, leaving me alone with Mom.

From the introduction: Written in the late 1930s, when a new irascibility crept into the largely female-produced discourse on the status of women in India, The Dark Room is about a particular woman's indignation and revolt. Savitri is a Hindu wife following in the glorified footsteps of other Hindu wives, such as her namesake from the Mahabharata and Sita of the Ramayana. Although she lives up to the ideals of servitude and devotion implicit in these powerful feminine figures, Savitri of The Dark Room is betrayed by a patriarchal system that allows her husband the freedom of infidelity but denies her the right to economic independence. At the close of the story she finds herself trapped in a marriage that she cannot end and that she can barely alter. But Savitri does rebel, though her rebellion is enormously circumscribed by her gendered helplessness. That Narayan documents her rebellion as well as her helplessness and, significantly, refuses to close on the endnote of tranquillity and detachment that characterizes most of his novels (the two qualities that Western literary scholars like best to celebrate In his work) makes The Dark Room a radical exception. What I am going to argue in the pages that follow is that The Dark Room not only reveals the traces of the 1930s women's movement in India in its intersections with Indian nationalism of the time, but also that these traces ground the novel in ways that resist the discourse of timelessness that we have come to expect in Narayan's work. Understood within its historical context, this novel is a testament to a particular kind of female loneliness and loss. Outside of that very timely arena, The Dark Room can look like an aberration and feel like a disappointment, though neither of these responses does justice to its powerful message. Before we can explicate that message, we need first to acknowledge and explore the political circumstances that middle and upper class Indian women confronted in the period surrounding the production of this novel.

“You philosophers are like blind men looking in a dark room for a black cat that is not there,” a theologian once remarked. “Yes,” retorted a philosopher, “and if we were theologians, we would find the cat.”

With increasing emphasis on reducing the volume of radiation therapy fields while maintaining or improving precision of treatment and reducing radiation-related normal tissue toxicity, treatment position verification and correction before delivering radiotherapy had gained major importance. A variety of techniques have been developed that can accomplish this goal with aplomb, albeit each with its own set of limitations. The best method that eliminates uncertainties in treatment without a huge cost remains to be defined, but it is clear that carrying out “high precision radiotherapy” without periodic image guidance is as accurate as shooting in a dark room. This review discusses the concept of image guidance in radiotherapy, various techniques available along with expected benefits and pitfalls of these systems.

Tarımsal ürünlere aflatoksin bulaşmasından kaynaklanan hastalık riskleri ve ekonomik kayıplar önemli bir sorundur. Bu çalışmada; gerçek zamanlı aflatoksinli kuru incirin tespiti ve ayrılması için bir prototip sistem geliştirilmiş ve denenmiştir. Karanlık bir odada bulunan sistemin temel parçaları; 365 nm dalga boyuna sahip UV ışık kaynakları, CCD kameralar, optik sensörler, görüntü işleme ve otomasyon yazılımları, kuru incirleri üzerinde taşıyan bantlar ile otomatik denetimli ayırma üniteleri şeklindedir. Sürecin algılama bölümünde; kuru incirlerin ışık yansıtma etkinliğini arttırmak için, her bir taşıyıcı bant sisteminde alüminyum bir çatı üzerine yerleştirilmiş dört adet UV siyah ışık lamba bulunmaktadır. İki kameradan oluşan görüntüleme düzeneği; yüksek çözünürlüklü ve düşük bulanıklığa sahip iki adet 9 mm lens ve iki adet CCD renkli algılayıcıdan oluşmaktadır. 8.12 ms’lik pozlama süresine sahip olan görüntüleme sistemi; görüntüleri, hareket halindeki kuru incir örneklerinden 0.18 m s-1 birinci bant ve 0.06 m s-1 ikinci bant hızlarında alabilmektedir. Kuru incirlerin her iki yüzeyini de tarayabilmek için, sistemde iki adet kamera kullanılmıştır. Aflatoksinli incirler; otomatik bir ayırma sistemi kullanılarak, pnömatik olarak ayrılmıştır. Prototip sistem, 400 adet kuru incir kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Prototip sistem, aflatoksinli kuru incirlerin saptanmasında ve ayrılmasında % 98 başarı oranına ulaşmıştır. Sistemin çevirme etkinliği % 82, saatlik makine kapasitesi ise 34.56 kg h-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bunlara ek olarak, toplam sistem etkinliği % 80.36 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Böylece sistem, aflatoksinli kuru incirlerin gerçek zamanlı tespiti ve ayrılması için etkili ve uygun bulunmuştur. The risks of diseases and economical losses resulting from aflatoxin contamination to the agricultural products are a significant problem. In this study, a prototype system for real-time detection and separation of dried figs contaminated with aflatoxins was developed and tested. The main components of the system are 365 nm wavelength UV light sources, CCD cameras, optical sensors, image processing and automation software, belt conveyors that carry dried figs, and automatic separation units in a dark room. Four UV black-light lamps were installed on the aluminum roof of both the belt conveyor systems, to enhance the effectiveness of reflective illumination of the dried figs in the detection leg of the process. The monitoring set up consisted of two cameras with high resolution and low distortion 9 mm lenses, and two CCD color sensors. The imaging system, which had an exposure time of 8.12 ms, could capture images of dried fig samples moving on the belt at speeds of 0.18 m s-1 and 0.06 m s-1 for belt 1 and belt 2, respectively. The system uses two cameras, as both sides of the dried figs were required to be scanned. Figs contaminated with aflatoxins can be separated pneumatically, by an automatic separation system. The prototype system was tested by using 400 dried figs. The prototype system achieved a 98% success rate in the detection and separation of the dried figs contaminated with aflatoxins. Turnover efficiency and hourly machine capacity of the system were calculated as 82% and 34.56 kg/h, respectively. Additionally, total system efficiency was calculated as 80.36%. Thus, the system was found effective and convenient for real-time detection and separation of the dried figs contaminated with aflatoxins.

Many new, minimally invasive interventional radiology procedures are now viable alternatives to traditional invasive therapy. The radiology procedures can often be performed in the outpatient setting, and although expensive technology may be required, the overall cost to the patient may be lower in the long run. Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms with stent grafts and radiofrequency tumor ablation are examples of rapidly expanding technologies in interventional radiology. Patient enthusiasm and interest are the primary forces driving these advances in management. Familiarity with these procedures is vital as medicine moves into the new millennium.

This text is the transcription of the round table occurred in August 4 th 2016 during the meeting named “CASA ABERTA convida: Texto e musicalidade”, that took place in the Dark Room (“Sala Preta”) of the Theater Program of Universidade Federal de Sao Joao Del Rei (Minas Gerais, Brazil). Guests and professors of the program execute a deep reflection about a possible intersection between Music and Theater. The debate deals with text and musicality according to the perspectives of dramaturgy, direction, acting, and theater pedagogy, in a dialog permeated by the notions of listening, silence, and chorus.

We analyze a novel voltage-ramp procedure which has recently been in the setup period prior to addressing for plasma displays. The ramping procedure allows lower voltages to be used in addressing, larger manufacturing tolerance and reduces light emission from the setup cycle, thus improving the dark room contrast

The melatonin supersensitivity to light has been suggested as a biological marker of bipolar disorder. However previous studies have been inconsistent with regard to light induced suppression of melatonin and raising questions regarding its reproducibility and reliability. The present study examined the test re-test reliability of the melatonin suppression by light in healthy subjects. Study was divided into two parts. The first examined the melatonin suppression by 200 lux of light while the second examined effect 500 lux of light. Subjects were tested twice, separated by one week for each part of the study. On each night subjects reported to the study at 1800 h. The first sample was collected at 2100 h (in the light). Subjects were then placed in a dark room, with a background light intensity of 10–20 lux. Further blood samples were collected at regular intervals. After each collection, blood samples were centrifuged and plasma separated and stored frozen at –20oC. Plasma melatonin concentrations were d...

Marian Hooper Adams, called Clover, was one of the few American women who were serious amateur photographers before the mass marketing of the Kodak in 1889. Clover first learned her craft in 1872–73 while on her honeymoon with her husband, historian Henry Adams. Henry brought along a camera to document their journey up the Nile, and Clover took up his hobby. Henry, in the tradition of expeditionary photographers, took pictures of Egyptian monuments and landscapes, whereas Clover's only extant photograph from the honeymoon portrays interior realms: it shows Henry in the stateroom of the Isis, the dahabieh that carried the couple up the Nile (Figure 1). In the image, Henry sits within a displaced parlor, casting his gaze down and directing us inward to some subjective space. But though Henry appears before the camera, he is not the subject of the image. Clover's own interior terrain, made invisible and inaccessible, is pictured here.

The purpose of this study was to develop a nondestructive prediction method for the yolk: albumen ratio by computer image analysis for candling inspection. Twenty-two to 49 eggs per line were randomly sampled from four chicken lines. After weighing the eggs, the eggs were illuminated by an overhead projector beam through a small hole in dark room. Video images were taken of the eggs from four directions, the eggs rotated each time by 90 degrees. The eggs were broken for measuring egg traits, including the yolk:albumen ratio. The average value obtained from four directions was used for statistical analysis. The ratio of the number of pixels of light and dark parts (light: dark ratio), and the CV of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) components for the whole egg and for light and dark parts of the egg were calculated and defined as image analysis traits. Correlation coefficients between the yolk: albumen ratio and CV of R and G components of the whole egg were significant (0.42 to 0.79) in all the lines. The determination coefficient of multiple regression of the yolk:albumen ratio on the CV of R and G components of the whole egg and the light:dark ratio was 0.83. Observed and predicted yolk:albumen ratios were classified into five levels. The ratio of zero difference between observed and predicted values was 76.1%, and the percentage of 0 to +/- 1 difference between observed and predicted values was 100.0%. The image analysis method accurately predicted the yolk:albumen ratio without breaking the egg.

The hormone melatonin is secreted at night from the pineal gland, with light being a potent inhibitor of its secretion. Age related decreases in plasma melatonin concentrations have indicated that this may be related to pineal calcification with aging. Recently, it was shown that the melatonin sensitivity to light may be a biological marker of bipolar disorder. However, on average, patients were older than the control group in most studies, and it is not known if age has an effect on the melatonin suppression by light. To test this hypothesis, the present study investigated the effect of age on the melatonin sensitivity to dim light (200 lux). Participants were grouped into three age groups. On the testing night, they were placed in a dark room from 21.00 h to 02.30 h. Light exposure was for an hour from midnight to 01.00 h. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals for measurement of plasma melatonin. No significant differences were found in the percentage suppression of melatonin within the age groups defined in the present study (P > 0.5). No correlation was also found between age and percentage suppression of melatonin (r2 = 0.007; P > 0.1). Our results suggest that the melatonin suppression by light (200 lux) is not affected by age.

It is well known that the pineal hormone melatonin is suppressed by light. The melatonin suppression by dim light has also been suggested as a possible trait marker of bipolar disorder. However, there is large inter individual differences in the light responses. It is possible that methodological factors may contribute to the variable responses observed. Most studies in the past have been conducted in different seasons under different lighting conditions. It is possible the external lighting conditions may affect the melatonin suppression to dim light. Hence we examined the melatonin suppression by dim light in (1) a large group of subjects randomly tested once in one of the four seasons (part one) and (2) small group of subjects tested in all seasons (part two). Subjects were placed in a dark room from 2100 h to 0230 h. Light exposure was between midnight and 0100 h in a sitting position. Blood samples were collected at regular intervals for measurement of plasma melatonin. No statistically significant seasonal differences in the percentage suppression of melatonin were found in both parts of the study (p>0·5). The study suggests that seasonal changes in external lighting do not affect the melatonin suppression by dim light in healthy controls. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ROWELL: When I first met you, you were not only writing poetry; you were also a cultural worker, organizing and developing what was then called the Dark Room Reading Series, and planning and coordinating its cultural activities. How important was the Dark Room Collective to you, individually, as a writer? What is the Collective? What does it do? Will you talk about its importance in relation to your generation of writers? You've had the advantage of witnessing the doings of four generations of writers: not only your own, but those represented, chronologically, by Gwendolyn Brooks, Amiri Baraka, and Rita Dove. Will you talk about how you see the Collective and, in general, your generation of writers in relation to those earlier three living generations? I am aware that I have actually asked several questions here. [Laughter.]

We measured the reflectance and contrast of four kinds of reflective liquid crystal displays (LCDs) under various ambient illuminations in offices. The reflectance and contrast of the reflective LCDs were then measured in a dark room using several measurement methods. These measurements in a dark room were compared with the results of the measurements under various ambient illuminations. From these results, we proposed a suitable method for measuring the reflectance and contrast of reflective LCDs under dark room conditions which can be used to evaluate the legibility of reflective LCDs under real lighting environments.

A system for monitoring the timing of infant gazes to specific locations is described. Infants sit on a parent’s lap in a dark room and observe videotaped stimuli presented on one of four monitors. Infrared (IR) light sources provide illumination for an IR-sensitive video camera and are positioned so that the infant’s direction of gaze can be readily apprehended on the basis of the reflections of the IR light sources relative to the infant’s pupil. The parent monitors the infant’s eyes through a headmounted display and keeps the infant in view of the video camera. Direction and timing of gaze shifts can be coded from frame-by-frame inspection of the videotape. We demonstrate that this coding is relatively accurate and that the present system provides some advantages over coding gaze direction on the basis of an unembellished video recording.

Proper design and manufacturing of glass molded lenses need to be performed in several steps. The whole process from customer requirements to f nal functional product is shown on two examples - a lens for street light and a lens for spot light with narrow lighting angle. After discussing customer requirements, optical design is made. Thanks to various commercial softwares with optimization, manufacturer of the lens can work as well as a designer which enables simplif cation and acceleration of lens manufacturing, since limitations of the manufacturing process are considered during creation of the design. When the prototype is made, its functionality needs to be evaluated. This work shows measurement of light distribution for street light lens in a dark room using goniometer and measurement of light intensity for spot lens f xed on an optical bench. These measurements can reveal the root cause in case of lens malfunction, which enables to optimize manufacturing process or modify lens design accordingly. Designing, manufacturing and evaluation of molded optics under one roof enables creation of easily manufacturable design and fast solution of problems.

A cultura do caquizeiro vem crescendo em importância no Brasil e, com o aumento do cultivo, tem havido também incremento dos problemas relacionados a doenças e pragas. A pulverização de agrotóxicos é o método mais utilizado na prevenção e no controle desses problemas e a principal forma de aplicação é a pulverização hidráulica com auxílio de fluxo de ar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da variação da taxa de aplicação e do repasse na parte interna das plantas em pulverização com pistola manual, na cobertura de calda das folhas. A pulverização foi realizada em plantas de caquizeiro com 17 anos, utilizando-se equipamento composto de trator e pulverizador turboatomizador. A aplicação foi realizada com duas velocidades de avanço do equipamento, o que promoveu diferentes taxas de aplicação. Para a realização do repasse, utilizou-se pistola manual acoplada ao mesmo equipamento. Para a avaliação da cobertura, utilizou-se calda preparada com corante fluorescente dissolvido em água. Foram coletadas folhas nas posições externa e interna das plantas. Posteriormente, em sala escura e com iluminação ultravioleta para destacar a área atingida pelo corante fluorescente, as superfícies abaxial e adaxial de cada folha foram fotografadas com câmera digital. Cada imagem gerada foi submetida à análise pelo software SIARCS 3.0, resultando em porcentagem de cobertura. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em parcelas subsubdivididas com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial (taxas alta e baixa de aplicação, com e sem repasse manual, localizações interna e externa da folha na planta). Foi avaliada a cobertura das superfícies abaxial e adaxial das folhas. Houve interação significativa entre tratamentos (taxa de aplicação e repasse manual), posição e superfície das folhas. A maior taxa de aplicação promoveu aumento significativo da cobertura na superfície abaxial das folhas, independentemente da posição destas na planta (interna ou externa). Houve efeito do repasse com pistola na cobertura da superfície abaxial das folhas situadas na posição interna, mas não na externa à planta. Considerando que a maioria dos agentes causadores de danos fitossanitários inicia a ocorrência na superfície abaxial das folhas, pode-se concluir que o repasse manual foi mais eficiente do que o aumento da taxa de aplicação, visando à cobertura nas folhas posicionadas no interior da planta. Persimmon crop is growing in importance in Brazil, and with the increase of the production area there also has been an increase in the problems related to diseases and pests. For the control and prevention of these problems, most often it is used pesticides spray, and one of the main techniques is the spray with the aid of air flow. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of changes in the application rate and transfer with a spray gun on the leaves mixture coverage. The spraying was performed using tractor and air flow sprayer. The application was performed with two forward speeds of the equipment, leading to different application rates. The transfer was made with a spray gun attached to the same equipment. For the assessment of the coverage it was used a mixture prepared with fluorescent tracer dissolved in water. Leaves were collected in the inside and outside of the tree. Later, in dark room with ultraviolet lighting to highlight the area affected by the fluorescent tracer, the upper and lower surfaces of each leaf were photographed with a digital camera. Each image was subjected to analysis generated by software SIARCS 3.0, resulting in percentage of coverage. It was used a randomized block design with subdivided parcels with four replications, being the treatments in a 2x2x2 factorial scheme (high or low application rate, with or without transfer, inside or outside the tree). The evaluations were made in the upper and lower leaf surfaces. There was significant interaction between treatments (application rate and spray gun transfer), leaf position and surface. High application rate promoted a significant increase in the coverage of the lower leaves, regardless the site in the plant (inside or outside). The inside leaves had a better coverage with the spray gun transfer. As most of the agents of plant damage begin to occur in the lower surface of leaves, it can conclude that the spray gun transfer was more effective to cover the leaves inside the plant than increasing the application rate.

In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed which is inspired by human intelligence named YOYO Blind Man Algorithms (YOYO-BMA). The main idea of YOYO-BMA is the combination of human intelligence with features of yoyo. In the proposed algorithm, it is supposed that there are some men in a dark room, which are named blind men. They look for the optimum. Each man has at least a yoyo to use as assistant. Men search problem space using their yoyos. This new algorithm is compared with 5 other different algorithms and the results show the better performance of YOYO-BMA compared with the other ones.