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Background: Flaxseed oil is one of the richest sources of omega-3. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different wall materials, weight ratio (WR) and storage time on physicochemical properties and storage stability of flaxseed oil microemulsions. Methods: Encapsulation efficiency and emulsion oxidative stability were measured. Fatty acid composition of oil extracted from emulsions was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Particle size distribution and morphology of microemulsions were measured by dynamic laser scattering (DLS) technique and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Results: The maximum encapsulation efficiency of 95.8% was obtained in the emulsion with the highest n-octenylsuccinate-derivatized (n-OSA) starch content. Increasing n-OSA starch concentration led to a higher microencapsulation efficiency and a lower lipid oxidation. Increasing n-OSA starch/sodium caseinate ratio led to a decrease in peroxide values and thiobarbituric acid contents. GC-FID results showed a superior stability of ω-3 fatty acids and improved nutritional quality in microencapsulated flaxseed oil upon storage. The average droplet size distribution of emulsions ranged from 428 to 728 nm. An increase in total solid content with the same oil concentration led to smaller droplets size. Morphological study performed by SEM confirmed the results obtained by DLS technique. Conclusion: Our findings have important implications for the design and utilization of emulsions as delivery systems for food enrichment.

Purpose: Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the most common cardiac disorders leading to irreversible heart damage. Many underlying mechanisms seem to be involved, among which disruption of cellular autophagy balance. Since physical training has a beneficial effect on the improvement of autophagy balance, it may have a cardioprotective effect against IR injury. This study investigates the protective role of aerobic training from cardiac IR injury and the autophagy process as a possible mechanism. Methods: Thirty-two male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) were divided into control, sham, control plus IR, and training plus IR groups (8 rats each). The training group was exercised aerobically on a treadmill for 8 weeks (5 d/wk). After 8 weeks, the anesthetized rats underwent left thoracotomy (sham, control plus IR, and training plus IR groups) to access the left anterior descending coronary artery, which was occluded by a silk suture for 30 min and then released for 90 min of reperfusion (IR groups). Triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining was used to determine the infarct size. The gene expression of Beclin-1 was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis with the significance level set at P≤0.05. Results: The cardiac infarct size was smaller in training plus IR (20.24±5.7%) group compared to that in the control plus IR (35.9±2.3%) group (P≤0.05). On the other hand, IR operation significantly increased the gene expression of Beclin-1, while exercise training prevented expression of the mentioned gene in training plus IR group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Aerobic training can protect the heart against Ischemia-Reperfusion injury. It seems that improvement of autophagy balance during IR injury may be involved in exercise-induced cardioprotection against Ischemia-Reperfusion.

Objectives Currently, the life expectancy of the elderly has been rising considerably. The present study investigated the role of strop function in the prediction of anxiety and fall self-efficacy in elderly at the city of Ardabil. Methods & Materials The study design was correlational. The population cohort consisted of all elderly males living in the elderly homes in Ardabil in2017. Among these, a sample of 200 subjects was selected by the available sampling method. The anxiety, fall self-efficacy, and Stroop questionnaires were used for data collection. The data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis. Results A significant relationship was observed between anxiety/fall self-efficacy and Strop function. Stroop’s performance could negatively predict anxiety as well as predict the fall self-efficacy in the elderly. Conclusion The performance of Stroop test in the elderly could be improved by training classes and various treatment groups that can indirectly decrease the amount of anxiety and increase the fall self-efficacy in the elderly.

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objective: Spirituality as the basis of beliefs is an important aspect of the life of the elderly and plays a vital role in providing and improving their psychological happiness and hardiness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of spirituality group therapy on happiness and hardiness in elderly women. Method: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of study included all the elderly in Rasht in 2015. Using convenience sampling, 30 of them were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental group (15 participants) and control group (15 participants). The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of spirituality group therapy program which was in line with Richards and Bergin’s pattern. The Oxford Happiness Questionnaire and Ahvaz Psychological Hardiness Questionnaire were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using multivariable co-variance test. All ethical issues were observed in the study and the researchers declared no conflict of interests. Results: The findings supported the effectiveness of spirituality group therapy on the elderly’s psychological happiness and hardiness. Indeed, the old women in the experimental group scored significantly higher in the happiness and hardiness posttest questionnaires compared to their counterparts in the control group (p

Purpose: Nutritional quality and oxidation stability are two main factors in the evaluation of edible oils. Oils in their pure form do not have an ideal fatty acid composition or suitable oxidative stability during processing or storage. Methods: This study was designed to evaluate the chemical, nutritional and rheological properties of oil mixtures in three ratios of olive: sesame: linseed, 65:30:5; 60:30:10 and 55:30:15. Acidity value, peroxide value, rancimat test, fatty acid profile, nutritional indexes and rheological properties of the oil blends were determined. The nutritional quality was determined by indexes, including the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexs; the ratios of hypocholesterolemic: hypercholesterolemic; poly unsaturated fatty acid: saturated fatty acid and the ω6:ω3. Results: The results indicated that blending of other vegetable oils with linseed oil could balance ω6:ω3. Results showed that formulated oils had a good balance of oxidation stability and nutritional properties as well. Rheological data showed that these oil blends followed Newtonian behavior at 4°C and 25°C. Conclusion: According to the results, addition of linseed oil to vegetable oils containing high levels of bioactive compounds was a simple and economic practice to obtain a functional oil with good nutritional and stability properties.

The aim of present study was to investigating the comparison of coherence self-knowledge and alexithymia in normal and divorce male students at Meshginshahr city in the2015-2016 academic year. The method of this study is causal-comparative. The population of this study included all divorced and normal male students students that from this population 120 students were selected as sample by using random cluster sampling method. Data was collected by using of Self-knowledge Coherence and alexithymia Scales. Data analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.Results showed that there are a differences significant between the two groups in coherence self-knowledge and alexithymia (p

Background and Aim: Multiple sclerosis is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system. In recent years there have been a growing number of diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive and behavioral group therapy on coping styles and self-control in patients with multiple sclerosis in Urmia Methods: This was a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of this study was all patients with MS. In Urmia, in the year of 1395. There were 30 patients in the experimental group and one in control group (15 in each group). Using randomized simple sampling and drafted random sampling They were selected by referring to the MS Society. Before the implementation of the educational programs, the two groups were tested by the Andler & Parker Coping Style Questionnaire and Tangie's self-control styles, then they were trained for the experimental group of cognitive-behavioral therapy and the control group did not receive any training. After conducting educational programs, both groups were tested by questionnaires. Covariance analysis was used to analyze the data Results: The results of this study showed that cognitive-therapist treatment has an effect on coping styles and self-control in MS patients. In the other words, cognitive-behavioral therapy increased the problem-oriented coping style (p

This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between social interaction, perceived social support and social acceptance with aggression among adolescents. The execution method was a descriptive and correlative. The statistical population of this study included all of the boy adolescent high school students, that sample including 260 participants of boy adolescents were chosen from various locations of the city by adopting a cluster sampling technique. Results indicated that among the perception of social interaction elements; there is positive and significant relationship between negative thoughts and aggression, and negative and significant relationship between positive thoughts and aggression. Also, there is negative and significant relationship between the elements of perceived social support (social support of friends, family and others) and regression. Moreover, there is negative and significant relationship between social acceptance and adolescents’ aggression. Thus, it can be concluded that perception of social interaction, perceived social support and social acceptance are significant factors which effect the occurrence or absence of adolescents’ aggression.

Mitochondria as dynamic organelle constantly undergo fusion and fission reactions, leading to continuous reconstruction of the mitochondrial network for elongated or fragmentation shapes and ultimately the mitophagy. This mitochondrial network dynamics is sensitive to stress and different physiological conditions and plays an essential role in cell function and survival during pathophysiological conditions. There is a strong interaction between the mitochondrial network morphology and proteins involved in energy metabolism and dynamics. It is suggested that changes in cellular energy status during exercise training are due to mitochondrial network dynamics and mitophagy. Accordingly, growing evidence reveals that exercise training results in alterations in mitochondrial phenotype and dynamics that resist apoptotic stimuli and ischemia-reperfusion-induced mitochondrial damage. However, the signaling pathways of mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy regulation during exercise training are still interesting areas of research. In this review, we focus on the recent findings addressing cellular signaling mechanisms of mitochondrial dynamics and cardiac mitophagy in response to exercise training and the pathological stimulus in heart disorders.

Objectives Old age is a sensitive period of human life. So with increasing elderly population, attention needs to be given to issues related to old age, especially among the institutionalized elderly. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of life review group therapy on psychological well-being and life expectancy of elderly women living in Ardabil. Methods & Materials The present study adopted a semi-experimental design, with pretest and posttest and control group. The study population comprised all the elderly women residents in the sanatoriums of the nursing homes present in Ardabil in 2016. Thirty participants were randomly selected and divided into two groups, namely control group and experimental group of 15 participants each. The Ryff Psychological Well-being Questionnaire and Snyder Life Expectancy Scale were used to collect the required data. After implementing the pretest, the experimental group received life review group therapy for 1.5 hours in 6 sessions, once a week. After the training, posttest was repeated for two groups, and data was analyzed using covariance analysis. Results The findings of the study showed that there were significant differences between experimental and control groups with respect to autonomy, environmental mastery, personal growth, positive relations with others, purpose in life, and self-acceptance (P

A total of 30 volunteers were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria using convenience sampling. They were then randomized into the experiment (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. The participants responded to Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being (SPWB) and ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale in three stages of pretest, post-test, and follow-up. The experimental group underwent fourteen sessions (90-minute sessions per week) of self-healing. The repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS-26 were used to analyze the data. Self-healing training improved the elements of psychological well-being and marital satisfaction (p < 0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study sought to propose a divorce risk reduction model based on marital intimacy, triangulation, and attachment with a focus on the mediating role of cohesion and adaptability in married people. This study was conducted using a correlational and path analysis design. The participants were 186 married people residing in Neka, a city in Mazandaran Province, Iran. The participants' ages ranged from 22 to 40 years, and they were selected through non-random convenience sampling based on Klein's formula (1998). The criteria for enrollment in the study were being married for 2 to 5 years and the age range of 22 and 40 years. The instruments used to collect the data were the Marital Instability Index (Edwards, Johnson & Booth, 1987), the Intimacy Scale (IS) (Walker & Thompson, 1983), the Triangulation Questionnaire (Yousefi & Bahrami, 2012), the Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Reed, 1990), and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES) (Elson, Portner, & Bell, 1985). The findings revealed that marital intimacy, attachment, adaptability, and cohesion have a negative and direct effect on reducing the risk of divorce (marriage instability). In addition, 32% and 24% of the impact of marital intimacy and attachment on reducing the risk of divorce (marriage instability) can be explained through cohesion. Furthermore, 58% and 32% of the effects of triangulation and attachment on reducing the risk of divorce (marriage instability) can be explained through adaptability. The data in this study showed a relationship between intimacy, attachment, and divorce risk reduction mediated by cohesion. In addition, triangulation and attachment can reduce the risk of divorce through the mediating role of adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Today, many reasons, such as education, interest in social presence, desire to achieve economic welfare, and confronting inflation, have led to the widespread acceptance of married women towards employment. The present research was conducted in 2022 on a community of families living in Tehran, where women started working after marriage. Method: The research method was qualitative and grounded theory, and the research tool was a semi-structured and in-depth interview. Findings: The data reached saturation with the participation of 19 couples. From the analysis of the conducted interviews, the factors of creating satisfaction/dissatisfaction along with the contexts, facilitators, and interveners and their consequences, as well as the strategies that spouses use to achieve satisfaction from the phenomenon of employment after marriage, were obtained. The main category concluded that spouses' satisfaction/dissatisfaction with women's employment after marriage is based on the quality of the marital relationship and the existence of support resources from a family of origin. Conclusion: Casual results conducted from the current research include: Spouse's support/disapproval, a family of origin's support, children's support, man's satisfaction with wife's professional status and type of job, financial prosperity, pressure and density role that has a determinative role in the spouses' sense of satisfaction through their relationship after women's employment. The results of current research and the obtained model can be used to adaptively confront the changes resulting from employment after marriage, enrich the relationships of spouses as much as possible, and stabilize families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objective: Given the rise of positive-thinking approach to mental health in recent years, Psychological well-being, which is a measure for the growth of the real talents of each individual, has attracted scientific attention. This study aimed to investigate the relationship of psychological well-being to religious orientation and forgiveness among students at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili. Methods: The descriptive and correlational method was used in this study and the statistical population consisted of students of mohaghegh Ardabili University in 2015. 150 students were selected using available sampling method. The subjects were inquired to answer the Ryff's Psychological Well-being questionnaire, Alport religious orientation questionnaire and Walker and Garsokh Forgiveness Scale. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the data. All ethical issues were observed. Moreover, the authors did not report conflict of interest. Results: The findings proved that there is a positive significant relationship between psychological well-being with intrinsic religious orientation and Forgiveness as well as negative significant between psychological well-being and external religious orientation among students (p

Purpose: Suitable ratio of essential fatty acids has an important role in maintaining good health. There is no pure oil with an ideal fatty acid composition and oxidative stability. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and nutritional properties of oil obtained by blending flaxseed oil as a rich source of ω3 fatty acids with sesame and olive oils. Methods: Three different ratios (65:30:5, 60:30:10 and 55:30:15) were prepared using olive, sesame and flaxseed oils. These mixtures were stored at 4°C and 24°C and their quality and physicochemical properties were determined by measuring the fatty acid composition, phenolic compound, peroxide, anisidine values and schaal tests. Results: Fatty acid composition indicated that adding 10% and 15% flaxseed oil into blends have suitable ratio of essential fatty acids. The sample which contained 5% flaxseed oil had the highest phenolic content among treatments and these compounds showed a significant decrease during storage. A significant increase (p

For downloading the full-text of this article please click here. Background and Objectives: Although there is no statistics about the exact number of addicted women in our country, but Ministry of Health reports show that there is a ratio of one woman per eight addict men. The purpose of this study is to compare the Social adjustment, Self-regulation and Religious beliefs in addicted and normal women in Urmia. Materials & Methods: The method of this study is causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study includes all addicted and normal women in Urmia city in 2014. Among this population, 200 women (100 addicted women and 100 normal women) were selected as the sample by using the available non-random sampling method, according to Morgan table. The questionnaires of social adjustment Bell, self-regulation of Miller and Brown and religious beliefs of Klarg were used to collect data. The data were analyzed through SPSS version 20, and descriptive and inferential statistics (MANOVA). In this study, all relevant ethical issues were considered. Results: The findings proved that there is a significant difference between the two groups in a way that normal women believe in religion more than addict ones (p

Purpose: Lipid oxidation and rheological properties are the main qualitative parameters determined in food emulsions. Salad dressings are food emulsions important in our daily diet, but conventional salad dressings have high amounts of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids because of egg yolk in their formulations. There are many studies on the modification of salad dressing formulations to replace egg yolk and saturated fats. The present study describes new formulation of salad dressing with olive oil and apple vinegar to produce a functional food product. Methods: This study investigated the qualitative properties, oxidative stability, rheological behavior and microstructure of the salad dressing without egg yolk. Oil-in-water emulsions were prepared with virgin olive oil and apple vinegar stabilized with various percentages of xanthan (T1: 0.25%, T2: 0.5%. T3: 0.75%). Samples were stored at refrigerator for 90 days and experiments were performed at production day and during storage. Results: The obtained results showed that peroxide value was increased for all samples during storage, but it was at an acceptable level. Fatty acid changes were not significant during storage. Droplet size was reduced by increasing xanthan gum. T2 had the best rheological properties during storage. Generally, T2 and T3 had higher scores and were more acceptable in organoleptic assay. Conclusion: Obtained results showed that T2 had suitable qualitative and rheological properties and can be a proper egg yolk free salad dressing to introduce to the market.

Background: Cognitive impairment profoundly influences on older adults’ activities and quality of life. Therefore, optimizing and remediating age-associated cognitive decline have great importance. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of 8 weeks (3 day /week) computer based brain training on cognitive performance in old women with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled study was performed in old women with MCI that was measured using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Twenty women diagnosed with MCI were divided into two groups of: exercised (trained with computerized brain program for 8 weeks (3 day /week, 30-60 min/day) and control group. Before and after training, reaction time, error number and data processing speed were measured using computer stroop task and digit symbol coding test, respectively. After checking the normal distribution of collected data by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the pre and post means difference and differences between groups were analyzed using paired T- test and independent t-test respectively. Results: Brain training lead to a significant reduction in reaction time (p=0.001), error number (p=0.002) and increase in data processing speed (p=0.011) compared with pre-test values. Also, there were significant differences between experimental and control groups in reaction time (p=0.001), error number (p=0.007) and processing speed (p=0.013). Conclusion: The findings indicate the efficacy of computer based brain training program on improving the reaction time, error number and processing speed in elderly women diagnosed with MCI and also reflects the plasticity of old brain for challenging to learn new tasks.

Background: Prostitution and substance abuse are among the crucial social problems in women, which affect the quality of life. However, no study has yet investigated that prostitution and substance abuse affect which dimension(s) of quality of life. The current study aimed to compare different dimensions of quality of life among female sex workers with and without drug abuse. Methods: The research design was ex post facto study. The study sample comprised 120 women (60 female sex workers with substance abuse and 60 without substance abuse). They were selected through convenience sampling method in Tehran, in 2016. They completed WHO Quality of Life-BREF questionnaire. Data analysis was done using multivariate analysis of variance and covariance methods by SPSS V. 20. Results: According to the results, there was a significant difference between female sex workers with and without drug use (P < 0.05) with regard to physical, social relationship and environment health. The sex workers without drug abuse had higher quality of life in aforementioned aspects. However, no significant difference was observed among two groups with regard to psychological health (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that quality of life in female sex workers with using drug is poorer than their counterparts who are not drug users. These findings emphasize that health care providers can consider quality of life as an essential factor in therapeutic intervention (primary and secondary) in prostitutes and addicted women. Female sex workers using drug have the psychological, social, and biological needs that require the immediate and considerable attention.