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The objective of this study was to determine the effects of flaxseed on the Theological and bread-making properties and antioxidant activity of bread. Wheat flour was replaced with flaxseed at the level of 2, 4, and 8%. The water absorption, dough development time, stability and mixing tolerance index of the dough did not significantly change with the addition of flaxseed. The test baking results showed that the addition of %2 flaxseed yielded the highest loaf volume. The incorporation of flaxseed increased the antioxidant properties of the bread when compared to the control bread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aseptic abscess (AA) is an auto-inflammatory disorder characterized by necrotic lymph nodes and internal organ abscesses, most frequently located in the spleen. Described herein are two cases of aseptic abscesses; one in a patient with Behçet's disease and the other in a patient with mesenteric panniculitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In the present study, we demonstrated that total cardiac 201Tl uptake changes associated with histological findings in DOX-induced early myocardial injury. Method: Early DOX cardiotoxicity was induced in normal rats by giving 15 mg/kg DOX intraperitoneally. Cardiac uptake studies and the blood sampling for creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay has been performed on the 3rd (acute phase) and 16th days (subacute phase) after the treatment, respectively. Rats were killed by heart puncture and the hearts removed by dissection at 60 min after the injection of 7.4 MBq 201Tl. The ratio of total cardiac uptake to the injected dose (%ID/g x BW, where ID is injected dose and BW is body weight) was calculated. Result: DOX led to a significant decrease in myocardial uptake of 201Tl in both treatment groups (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference in the %ID/g x BW between acute and subacute phases (p>0.05). DOX induced a significant increase in the levels of CK and LDH in serum, indicating its early cardiotoxicity (p=0.01). DOX treatment produced disorganization of myocardial fibers, vacuolation of the cardiac myocytes and myocardial necrosis (p=0.01). These cardiomyocyte injuries were accompanied by increased numbers of mononuclear cells (p< 0.05). LDH, CK, cardiyomyopathy and mononuclear cell infiltration scores were not found significantly different between acute and subacute phases (p>0.05). Conclusion: The DOX-induced cardiac injury at early stage can be evaluated by 201Tl and the findings may be associated with the myocardial inflammation. Due to the complicated mechanism of DOX injury, we believe that the development process of cardiac injury and the pathological findings should be taken into consideration in interpreting the radiopharmasotic studies to be conducted for the evaluation of the early and late stage cardiac injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biases in adverse effect reporting in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) [e.g. due to investigator expectations or assessment quality] can be quantified by studying the rates of adverse events reported in the placebo arms of such trials.Objective: We compared the rates of adverse effects reported in the placebo arms of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) trials and placebo arms of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) trials.Methods: We conducted a literature search for RCTs across PUBMED, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). Only studies allowing adverse effect analysis were included. Publication year ranged from 1981 to 2007.Results: Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 143 placebocontrolled RCTs and data from 12,742 patients. Only 21% of studies used structured and systematic adverse effect ascertainment strategies. The way in which trials recorded adverse events influenced the rate of adverse effects substantially. Systematic assessment led to higher rates than less systematic assessment. Far more adverse effects were reported in TCA-placebo groups compared with SSRI-placebo groups, e.g. dry mouth (odds ratio [OR] = 3.5; 95% CI 2.9, 4.2); drowsiness (OR = 2.7; 95%CI 2.2, 3.4); constipation (OR= 2.7; 95%CI 2.1, 3.6); sexual problems (OR =2.3; 95%CI 1.5, 3.5). Regression analyses controlling for various influencing factors confirmed the results.Conclusion: Adverse effect profiles reported in clinical trials are strongly influenced by expectations from investigators and patients. This difference cannot be attributed to ascertainment methods. Adverse effect patterns of the drug group are closely related to adverse effects of the placebo group. These results question the validity of the assumption that adverse effects in placebo groups reflect the 'drug-unspecific effects'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Battering and breading control the level of moisture removal and fat absorption and also improve the physical and sensorial properties of deep-fried products. The effects of zein, soy protein isolate (SPI), guar and xanthan gums and corn and soy flours on the quality of turkey nuggets were studied using Response Surface Methodology. Turkey buttock chunks were predusted with combinations of zein and SPI (25:75, 50:50, 75:25%), then sprayed with combinations of guar and xanthan gum (0.1:0.3, 0.2:0.2, 0.3:0.1%) after which they were breaded with corn and soy flour (25:75, 50:50, 75:25%). The samples were evaluated for the degree of adhesion, fat absorption, cooking yield and color attributes. The pre-dusting adhesion rate (PD-AR) was higher than 5% with increased zein in the blend. Film-forming properties of zein also reduced fat uptake during frying. Wetting stage altered the last coating adhesion rate (LC-AR). Analytical optimization of nuggets having a good coating, higher cooked yield and desired color were obtained with zein and SPI at the ratio of 73:27% as pre-dusting, guar and xanthan at the ratio of 0.3:0.1%, and corn and soy flour at the ratio of 35:75. Adhesion rate of the last coating and cooking yield were correlated with each other (r=0.73, P<0.001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the duration of three progestagen treatments for estrous synchronization in lactating Turkish Saanen goats during the transitional period from anestrous. All does (n=60) were divided into three equal groups and the estrous period of the does was synchronized using intravaginal sponges (20 mg FGA) for either 11 days (Group 1), 9 days (Group 2) or 6 days (Group 3). In addition, 24h before sponge removal (on the 10th day, 8th day and 5th day, respectively) each doe was injected with 0.075 mg cloprostenol (PGF2α) and 500 IU eCG. Cervical artificial inseminations (AI) with frozen-thawed semen were performed at fixed intervals (36 and 48 h) following progestagen withdrawal. The total estrous response following the first withdrawal was 12 ± 6 h within 66 h. Time to onset and duration of the induced estrous, and pregnancy rates were recorded to be 30.0%, 100%, 23.9±0.7 h, 29.4±1.3 h, and 28.3%, respectively. There were significant differences between Group 1 and the other groups, in terms of the onset of induced estrus (P<0.05) and estrous response for the first 12 ± 6 h (P<0.05) and between Group 2 and Groups 1 and 3 in terms of the duration of induced estrous (P<0.05). Each of the three protocols was effective in inducting and synchronizing estrus in lactating Turkish Saanen goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) is characterized by severe pain, swelling, autonomic dysfunction and usually affects extremities following trauma. In this case we report a 16-year-old female patient who had undergone several operations on the distal of the right lower extremity over a period of 1.5 years. During the follow-up she was determined to have adolescent osteomalacia (primary vitamin D deficiency) and RSD findings at the right lower extremity. We also examined reports in the literature concerning the probable initiator role of vitamin D deficiency among the mechanisms of RSD occurrence. This is the first report of primary vitamin D deficiency accompanied by RSD in an adolescent with multiple fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ureteral stones are usually small and originate from kidney. Primary ureteral stone is very rare and is associated with an abnormality. The most important issue is to determine treatment options according to stone properties and patient's clinic in patients with urinary tract stones. Direct urinary system graph can detect ureteral stone but ultrasonography and computed tomography scans are more convenient to determine treatment options, number of stones, location, size, degree of obstruction, and differential diagnosis of calcification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We recently described the use of Ti(0) microfibers as an anodization substrate for the preparation of TiO 2 nanotubes arrays as porous photoanodes. Here, we report the use of these fibers as a scaffold to build porous photoanodes based on a WO 3 /BiVO 4 heterojunction. The obtained photoelectrodes show promising results under visible light irradiation for water oxidation both in a typical liquid-phase photoelectrochemical setup and in a gas phase reactor (developed in-house) based on a polymeric electrolyte membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]