Search

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the plasma levels of neuropeptide-Y (NPY), leptin and ghrelin and in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and investigate the neurobiological mechanisms beneath side effects of methylphenidate such as lack of appetite, weight loss and/or decrease in weight gain. Methods: Thirty children diagnosed as ADHD with DSM-5 and 21 healthy children similar to study group with age and gender were included in the study. All subjects are evaluated with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). All parents filled sociodemographic data form, also parents of the chil-dren with ADHD filled Conners' Parent Rating Scale (CPRS). ADHD group evaluated with Barkley Stimulant Side Effect Evaluation Form after two months of extended release methylphenidate (OROS-MPH) therapy. Plasma NPY, leptin and ghrelin levels were evaluated in control group for once and in ADHD group for twice, before and 2 months after treatment with enzyme-like immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Results: In our study, when plasma leptin, ghrelin and NPY levels of healthy controls and ADHD group were compared; NPY level was lower in the ADHD group. Compared with healthy controls, post-treatment ADHD group leptin level was observed to be lower. In the ADHD group, only NPY level was found to be higher after treatment than before treatment. Conclusion: It was observed that NPY levels were found to be lower in the ADHD group than in the healthy group, and plasma levels increased after treatment. In addition, leptin and ghrelin levels not changed after treatment. Thus, further studies with larger study groups are needed whether these changes will be more meaningful when the treatment duration is prolonged. New studies may reveal neurobiological mechanisms beneath loss of appetite and/or weight loss associated with methylphenidate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Although the etiology ofattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is unknown, it is thought that endocrine disruptors may be involved in the etiopathogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation-ship between ADHD development and exposure to mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phtha-late (DEHP), and bisphenol A (BPA). Methods: The study included 44 children who were diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM IV-TR diagnostic criteria and 51 healthy children as controls. In all subjects, serum MEHP, DEHP, and BPA were measured by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: Serum MEHP and BPA levels were found to be significantly higher in the ADHD group (0.47±0.22 μg/ml, 1.48±0.28 ng/ml) than the controls (0.31±0.13 μg/ml, 0.91±0.23 ng/ml). There was no difference in the level of DEHP between the ADHD group and healthy controls (2.17±0.69 μg/ml, 2.26±0.56 μg/ml). Conclusion: Our results could be accepted as an evidence to support an association between BPA, MEHPlevels and ADHD. However, further studies are needed to clarify the linkage between ADHD and endocrine disruptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study: To investigate the frequency domain effects and changes in electroencephalography (EEG) signals in children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Patients and methods: The study contains 40 children. All children were between the ages of 7 and 12 years. Participants were classified into four groups which were ADHD (n=20), ADHD-I (ADHDInattentive type) (n=10), ADHD-C (ADHD-Combined type) (n=10), and control (n=20) groups. In this study, the frequency domain of EEG signals for ADHD, subtypes and control groups were analyzed and compared using Matlab software. The mean age of the ADHD children's group was 8.7 years and the control group 9.1 years. Results: Spectral analysis of mean power (µV²) and relative-mean power (%) was carried out for four different frequency bands: delta (0-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-32 Hz). The ADHD and subtypes of ADHD-I, and ADHD-C groups had higher average power value of delta and theta band than that of control group. However, this is not the case for alpha and beta bands. Increases in delta/beta ratio and statistical significance were found only between ADHD-I and control group, and in delta/beta, theta/delta ratio statistical significance values were found to exist between ADHD-C and control group. Conclusion: EEG analyzes can be used as an alternative method when ADHD subgroups are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that patients with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Conduct disorder (CD) commonly shows greater symptom severity than those with ADHD alone and worse outcomes. This study researches whether Default mode network (DMN) is altered in adolescents with ADHD + CD, relative to ADHD alone and controls or not. Ten medication-naïve boys with ADHD + CD, ten medication-naïve boys with ADHD and 10-age-matched typically developing (TD) controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans in the resting state and neuropsychological tasks such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Stroop Test TBAG Form (STP), Auditory Verbal learning Test (AVLT), Visual Auditory Digit Span B (VADS B) were applied to all the subjects included. fMRI scans can be used only nine patients in each groups. The findings revealed group differences between cingulate cortex and primary mortor cortex; cingulate cortex and somatosensory association cortex; angular gyrus (AG) and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, in these networks increased activity was observed in participants with ADHD + CD compared with the ADHD. We found that lower resting state (rs)-activity was observed between left AG and dorsal posterior cingulate cortex, whereas higher rs-activity connectivity were detected between right AG and somatosensory association cortex in ADHD relative to the ones with ADHD + CD. In neuropsyhcological tasks, ADHD + CD group showed poor performance in WISC-R, WCST, Stroop, AVLT tasks compared to TDs. The ADHD + CD group displayed rs-functional abnormalities in DMN. Our results suggest that abnormalities in the intrinsic activity of resting state networks may contribute to the etiology of CD and poor prognosis of ADHD + CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sydenham's chorea is the most common cause of acute onset chorea in childhood; psychiatric signs and symptoms are often accompanied its clinic. After the clinical motor and cardiac symptoms, patients with Sydenham's chorea have also been presented with the obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety, depression, attention problems and emotional lability. However, in the literature, it could not be reached on a case with the suicidal thoughts or suicide attempts. In addition, although there is not enough data on how to treat the signs and symptoms that accompany psychiatric clinic, the drugs used in the treatment are known to increase the risk of psychiatric signs and symptoms. In this case, 9-year-old male patient with a diagnosis of acute Sydenham Korea whose psychiatric signs and symptoms increased with treatment, who had attempted suicide, is going to be presented and we aimed to draw attention and to discuss these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between autism spectrum disorders development and exposure to mono-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (MEHP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), and bisphenol A (BPA), 1 of the endocrine disruptors, among phthalates. The study included 48 children with autism spectrum disorder (27 boys, 21 girls) and 41 healthy subjects (24 boys, 17 girls) as controls. Serum MEHP, DEHP, and BPA levels were measured by using high-performance liquid chromatography. Children with autism spectrum disorder had significantly increased serum MEHP, DEHP, and BPA concentrations (0.47 ± 0.14 µg/ml, 2.70 ± 0.90 µg/ml, 1.25 ± 0.30 ng/ml) compared to healthy control subjects (0.29 ± 0.05 µg/ml, 1.62 ± 0.56 µg/ml, 0.88 ± 0.18 ng/ml) respectively (P = .000). The fact that higher serum MEHP, DEHP, and BPA were found levels in the autism spectrum disorder group compared to healthy controls suggests that endocrine disruptors may have a role in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is known as a neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive and executive dysfunctions, social dysfunctions are seen in children and adolescents with ADHD. Lower 2D: 4D finger ratio is associated with ADHD. In this study, we aimed to determinate the relationship between aggression, empathy and 2D:4D ratio, in male children and adolescents with ADHD. Methods: This study was conducted in Department of Child and Adolescent Pscyhiatry. Study population consists of 40 ADHD patients without any other psychiatric disorder between 8-15 age interval. Control group was consist of 40 healthy, age matched, voluntarily children and adolescents. Patients and control groups filled Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, KA-Sİ Empathic Tendency Scale for Children and Adolescents. 2D:4D ratios were measured in both of control and ADHD groups. Results: In our study, when compared with control group, ADHD group aggression scores were significantly higher, empathy forms scores were statistically lower. ADHD group right hand 2D:4D ratios were statistically lower compared to controls and also lower 2D:4D ratios had association with high agression scores. Conclusions: High agression and lower empathy skills which were affecting social disfunctions are seen in children and adolescents with ADHD. Also aggression is associated with low 2D:4D ratios . Further researchs with a large sample are needed in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dusunen Adam: Journal of Psychiatry & Neurological Sciences is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Angioedema can be occur a drug adverse reaction. Drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), antihypertensive drugs, antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, fibrinolytic agents, estrogens, calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, and psychotropic drugs (such as serotonin reuptake inhibitors-SSRIs) can induce this reaction. In the literature, there are few case reports about angioedema induced by SSRIs and there is no case report related to atomoxetine. Herein we report a case of angioedema which occurred after initiation of atomoxetine in a 9-yearold girl being treated for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder; the side effect disappeared after discontinuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incest, which is considered as a special topic in child abuse, is one of the most traumatic forms of sexual abuse. In incest cases, notification rates are relatively low, especially the sexual abuse between siblings remains hidden much more than other sexual abuses. In this case report, which appears in a random manner, 12-year-old male patient, who was abused by his sister, will be discussed. Our incest case has a big importance because of having a sister as an abuser, since incest abusers often considered to be fathers or brothers. At this point, the possibility of having the abuse carried out by anyone from children's social environment including each family members should be kept in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); it is a group of neuropsychiatric diseases that start in childhood, lasting lifelong and have no effective treatment yet. Autism is a common subtype of ASD. It has repetitive behaviors, lack of social interaction and communication. The prevalence of autism is increasing day by day. The etiology of autism, which is extremely complex with its genetic background and clinical features, is not yet known. Genetic and environmental factors have been shown to play a basic role in the development of the disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulators of gene expression in transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Abnormalities in the translational control of multiple miRNA targets directed by each miRNA may lead to phenotype differences observed in ASDs. The aim of this study is to determine the expression of the genes POGZ and PTEN that are targeted to miRNAs and shown as candidate genes in autism. Methods: RNA was isolated from 50 patients with ASD and 50 healthy controls by Trizol method. The obtained RNAs were converted into cDNA and the expression of the genes (POGZ and PTEN) which were targeted by miRNAs (miR-3613-3p, miR-19a-3p) and shown as a candidate gene in autism were determined by Real-Time PCR method. Results: The POGZ gene was found to be more exaggerated in patients than in controls, and expression of this gene was found to be significant in males (p=0.0002). PTEN gene expression was found to be less in patients than controls and statistically insignificant (p=0.7513). Conclusion: As a result, we recommend that investigate the number of other possible candidate genes, which may be the target of miRNAs in a larger number of patients, and compare the results with different clinical manifestations. This study was supported by Erciyes University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (TYL-2017-5789). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) could be diagnosed in both sexes. Testosterone levels are normal in males and increased exposure to androgen from the prenatal period has observed in girls with CAH. It is also known that the effects of androgens on brain development may lead to differences in emotional, cognitive and language development between the two genders, given the hormonal differences between sexes. In this study, it was aimed to determine whether there was an increase in the incidence of psychopathology in girls with CAH compared to healthy controls. Material and Method: Twenty-one child and adolescents with CAH diagnosed between ages 6-17 were included in the study. The control group consisted of 21 female age-matched healthy child and adolescent. Parents of the children and adolescents included in the study were provided to fill the Turgay Disruptive Behavior Disorders Screening Parent Form according to DSM-IV (T-DSM-IV-S) and the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). The Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Interview Schedule for the School-age Children-Now and Lifelong Version Turkish Adaptation (KDSADS-TR) were conducted to the all cases who were included in the study, in order to assess psychopathology. The obtained data were evaluated by appropriate statistical methods. Results: The scores of ABC, T-DSM-IV-S impulsivity and inattention sub scores were significantly higher in the CAH group than healthy controls (p=0.043, p=0.026, p=0.037, respectively). Compared with healthy controls, it was found that there was a statistically significant increase in the frequency of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and depression in female patients with CAH. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, it can be stated that the incidence of psychopathology is increased in female patients with CAH. Further research with a large sample are needed in this field in order to better define these relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety is a psychiatric disorder characterized by excessive worry frequently encountered within society. Given the prevalence of anxiety and the limitations of current subjective assessment methods, the quantitative determination of this disorder gains significance. In pursuit of this objective, the study employed the 4-point likert-type Beck Anxiety Scale alongside essential clinical evaluations. As a result of the assessment, two participant groups were formed: one consisting of individuals with anxiety disorder and the other serving as the control group. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings were obtained from the participants during resting states, followed by the computation of entropy and Hjorth (mobility, complexity) parameters from the EEG signals. The computed features were then classified using machine learning algorithms, namely K-Nearest Neighbor (kNN), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), and Random Forest (RF), for classification purposes. The k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) model, which yielded the most successful outcome among these classifiers, was able to reach an accuracy level of 88.4%. Furthermore, the combined utilization of diverse parameters was observed to lead to an increase in the success rate across all three algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cognitive disengagement syndrome, formerly known as sluggish cognitive tempo, is defined as mental fogginess, daydreaming, and sluggishness. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of children with cognitive disengagement syndrome and to examine the relationship between cognitive disengagement syndrome and psychiatric disorders. Methods: About 268 randomly chosen Turkish primary school children aged 7-11 years from 4 different cities were included in this study. Both teachers and parents completed the cognitive disengagement syndrome scanning scale of the Child Behavior Checklist and the Barkley Child Attention Survey. Psychiatric diagnoses in children were assessed using a semi-structured clinical interview. Four separate cognitive disengagement syndrome measurements were performed, matching informants with scales. Results: The prevalence of cognitive disengagement syndrome was estimated with a range of 4.9%-10.9%, depending on the way of measurement. Logistic regression analyses revealed that paternal psychopathology (odds ratio = 6.7) and low maternal education (odds ratio = 3.1) increased while advanced maternal age (odds ratio = 0.7) decreased the risk of cognitive disengagement syndrome. Although cognitive disengagement syndrome was found to be more prevalent in children with chronic diseases, this association no longer remained in the full logistic regression model. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder was the most observed disorder and accompanied 42.9%-75% of the cases with higher cognitive disengagement syndrome. However, there was no strong support in favor of associations between cognitive disengagement syndrome and depression and anxiety as a whole. Conclusion: This study provides the first estimates regarding the prevalence and the sociodemographic characteristics of Turkish children with cognitive disengagement syndrome. Cognitive disengagement syndrome seems to be relatively more prevalent in Turkey than in Western cultures. Children whose fathers had a psychiatric disorder, whose mothers had low education, and who were at younger ages should be scrutinized for cognitive disengagement syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently drug using have been rapidly increased and new drugs is used by clinicans. Adverse drug reactions.increases because drug using is increased too. The most common advers reactions are urticaria, angioedema, anaphylactoid reactions and drug-induced immunologic reactions. Angioedema is a clinic situation that shown often tongue, floor of the mouth, lips, larynx. C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency, trauma, precipitating factors, such as food or drug allergy can cause angioedema. Atomoxetine is a selective noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor and used for treatment of Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. In many studies shown that atomoxetine has been well-tolerated drug and has low incidence of side effects. Most common side effects of atomoxetine are abdominal pain, loss of appetite, vomiting, drowsiness, irritability, fatigue, dizziness, and dyspepsia. Some studies found that use of atomoxetine may lead to increase in heart rate and blood pressure. In our case, we aimed to attention that outside of the known side effects of atomoxetine, we detected angioedema in our patient although there is no case in the literature. A 9-year-old female patient, she have referred to our policlinic with complaints of clinic inattention, gradually decreased academic performance, difficulty-doing homework, not being organized. She has had normal level of psychomotor development and had no medical history and family history. She was followed in our clinic with diagnosis of ADHD. Because effective dose of methylphenidate in patient with inadequate response, we have started atomoxetine 18 mg /day, and after 2 weeks, dosage have been increased to 25 mg/day. After following increase in dose atomoxetine treatment, patient who had no dermatological disorder history, have developed to angioedema on lips and tongue, then atomoxetine have been discontinued and anti-edema therapy have been started. Angioedema, hereditary and acquired form, which may be associated with a reaction of choline esterase inhibitor deficiency. It is characterized by a temporary edema in subcutaneous tissues such as lips, tongue, eyelid, intestinal wall and upper respiratory tract. Acquired form of angioedema may occur with many factors such as pollens, foods, drugs, insect bites, light, cold. The most common responsible drugs are NSAID, ACE inhibitors, penicillins and neuromuscular blockers. There is no data in literature about angioedema due to atomoxetine. Tests performed during the pre-treatment and after developing angioedema of the patient and patient's C1 esterase levels, renal and hepatic function tests were normal. After atomoxetine have been discontinued, patient's clinics were rapidly improved and she had no any drug history, especially can cause often angioedema such as angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. We have considered that reason of angioedema was atomoxetine. The most important feature of angioedema reactions is that it may not develop with first using. In our case is like that too. A review of the relevant literature, this case is remarkable because the first reported case was in the form of pseudoallergic reaction due to atomoxetine angioedema reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/aim: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, is diagnosed clinically by assessing the symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Also, there are limited objective assessment tools to support the diagnosis. Thus, in this study, a new electrooculography (EOG) based on visual stimulus tracking to support the diagnosis of ADHD was proposed. Materials and methods: Reference stimulus one-to-one tracking numbers (RSOT) and colour game detection (CGD) were applied to 53 medication-free children with ADHD and 36 healthy controls (HCs). Also, the test was applied six months after the treatment to children with ADHD. Parameters obtained during the visual stimulus tracking test were analyzed and Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) and Hjorth parameters were calculated for all EOG records. Results: The average test success rate was higher in HCs than in children with ADHD. Based on machine learning algorithms, the proposed system can distinguish drug-free ADHD patients from HCs with an 89.13% classification performance and also distinguish drug-free children from treated children with an 80.47% classification performance. Conclusion: The findings showed that the proposed system could be helpful to support the diagnosis of ADHD and the follow-up of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Atomoxetine (ATX), one of the most commonly used drugs after stimulants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) treatment, is an inhibitor of the norepinephrine transporter (NET/SLC6A2), which is also associated with the etiology of ADHD. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of NET gene polymorphisms on response to ATX treatment and to find the answers to the questions about whether there is a relationship between the severity of the disorder and the observed side effects in children with ADHD. Method: About 100 children with ADHD and 80 healthy controls (HCs) were included in this study. The dose of ATX was started at 0.5 mg/kg/day and titrated at 1.2 mg/kg/day. Response to treatment of 78 patients was evaluated 2 months after the beginning of the treatment. After whole blood samples were obtained, DNAs were isolated, and samples were stored at −80°C. Two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12708954 and rs3785143) were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: The patients with both rs12708954 and rs3785143 heterozygous genotype had better treatment response and more side effects than patients with wild type. There was not found any association between any of the investigated NET polymorphisms and ADHD severity. Conclusion: It was, however, found that the NET rs12708954 and rs3785143 genotypes affect the treatment response to ATX in our study; thus, further studies with a large population are needed to understand the effects of NET polymorphisms on treatment, side effects, and also the severity of ADHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy efficiency and the amount of refrigerant in heat exchangers used in cooling systems has recently been an important research subject. In this study, in order to compare and analyze different types of evaporators, industrial refrigerators were designed and in this context, test setups in accordance with TS EN ISO 23953-2 standard were produced. R290 (propane) was used as the refrigerant in the designed system. During the experiment, temperature-pressure measurements were taken at a certain point in the cooling system equipment of the products, which were cooled every minute, and test data were recorded. As a result of the data obtained from the experimental results, while the temperature difference of the air entering and leaving the evaporators was 6.797 in the first system using ½" tube diameter evaporator, it was calculated as 7.052 in the corrugated and hydrophilic coated second system using 3/8" tube diameter. In the experimental setups, the energy consumed in the first and second systems and the masses of R-290 refrigerant were measured as 24.64 kWh, 23.39 kWh and 700 grams, 430 grams, respectively. Consequently, it was calculated that the second system was 5.073% and 38.57% more efficient in terms of energy efficiency and the refrigerant mass used. Coefficient of performance values for the first and second systems were found as 2.807 and 3.013, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently multimodal neuroimaging which combines signals from different brain modalities has started to be considered as a potential to improve the accuracy of diagnosis. The current study aimed to explore a new method for discriminating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients and control group by means of simultaneous measurement of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Twenty-three pre-medicated combined type ADHD children and 21 healthy children were included in the study. Nonlinear brain dynamics of subjects were obtained from EEG signal using Higuchi fractal dimensions and Lempel–Ziv complexity, latency and amplitude values of P3 wave obtained from auditory evoked potentials and frontal cortex hemodynamic responses calculated from fNIRS. Lower complexity values, prolonged P3 latency and reduced P3 amplitude values were found in ADHD children. fNIRS indicated that the control subjects exhibited higher right prefrontal activation than ADHD children. Features are analyzed, looking for the best classification accuracy and finally machine learning techniques, namely Support Vector Machines, Naïve Bayes and Multilayer Perception Neural Network, are introduced for EEG signals alone and for combination of fNIRS and EEG signals. Naive Bayes provided the best classification with an accuracy rate of 79.54% and 93.18%, using EEG and EEG-fNIRS systems, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that utilization of information by combining features obtained from fNIRS and EEG improves the classification accuracy. As a conclusion, our method has indicated that EEG-fNIRS multimodal neuroimaging is a promising method for ADHD objective diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the prevalence of affective disorders in Turkey among a representative sample of Turkish population.Methods: This study was conducted as a part of the "The Epidemiology of Childhood Psychopathology in Turkey" (EPICPAT-T) Study, which was designed by the Turkish Association of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. The inclusion criterion was being a student between the second and fourth grades in the schools assigned as study centers. The assessment tools used were the K-SADS-PL, and a sociodemographic form that was designed by the authors. Impairment was assessed via a 3 point-Likert type scale independently rated by a parent and a teacher.Results: A total of 5842 participants were included in the analyses. The prevalence of affective disorders was 2.5 % without considering impairment and 1.6 % when impairment was taken into account. In our sample, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder was lacking, thus depressive disorders constituted all the cases. Among depressive disorders with impairment, major depressive disorder (MDD) (prevalence of 1.06%) was the most common, followed by dysthymia (prevalence of 0.2%), adjustment disorder with depressive features (prevalence of 0.17%), and depressive disorder-NOS (prevalence of 0.14%). There were no statistically significant gender differences for depression. Maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness were predictors of affective disorders with pervasive impairment.Conclusion: MDD was the most common depressive disorder among Turkish children in this nationwide epidemiological study. This highlights the severe nature of depression and the importance of early interventions. Populations with maternal psychopathology and paternal physical illness may be the most appropriate targets for interventions to prevent and treat depression in children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• α-synuclein has recently been linked with synaptic pathology and neurodegeneration in ASD. • SNCA trancript and α-synuclein serum levels were decreased in the ASD patients. • Similarly, SNCA trancript and serum α-synuclein levels were significantly decreased in the mothers of the patients. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders that begin in early childhood. Mutations in α-synuclein (SNCA) gene have been shown to result in the accumulation of α-synuclein, which occurs in many neurodegenerative diseases. Our aim was to determine the changes in the expression profile and protein level of this gene by comparing the autistic children with their healthy siblings, their mothers and healthy controls in order to elucidate the possible contribution of the SNCA gene to the etiology of ASD. 50 autistic patients, their mothers, siblings and 25 healthy controls and their mothers were enrolled to determine SNCA gene expression and serum α-synuclein levels. It was determined that α-synuclein serum levels decreased in the autistic patients. Similarly, it was found that SNCA gene expression and serum α-synuclein levels were significantly decreased in the mothers of the patients. Significant negative correlation was observed between the SNCA gene and protein expression amounts in the 6–8 age of the patients. This family-based study is the first in the literature, with both gene expression and serum levels of α-synuclein. The relationship between ASD severity and α-synuclein level needs to be confirmed in larger-scale studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corrected Acknowledgement section should read as follows: B Acknowledgements b This study was supported by the TUBITAK under Project Number 114S470. Correction to: Neural Computing and Applications (2020) 32:8367-8380 https://doi.org/10.1007/... Unfortunately, the funding number of the article was erroneously published in the acknowledgement section of the article. [Extracted from the article]