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155. Management of Thyrotoxicosis Induced by PD1 or PD-L1 Blockade

Author

Brancatella, Alessandro, primary, Lupi, Isabella, additional, Montanelli, Lucia, additional, Ricci, Debora, additional, Viola, Nicola, additional, Sgrò, Daniele, additional, Antonangeli, Lucia, additional, Sardella, Chiara, additional, Brogioni, Sandra, additional, Piaggi, Paolo, additional, Molinaro, Eleonora, additional, Bianchi, Francesca, additional, Aragona, Michele, additional, Antonuzzo, Andrea, additional, Sbrana, Andrea, additional, Lucchesi, Maurizio, additional, Chella, Antonio, additional, Falcone, Alfredo, additional, del Prato, Stefano, additional, Elisei, Rossella, additional, Marcocci, Claudio, additional, Caturegli, Patrizio, additional, Santini, Ferruccio, additional, and Latrofa, Francesco, additional

Published
2021
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156. Switching to iGlarLixi versus continuation of a daily or weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist ( GLP ‐1 RA ) in insufficiently controlled type 2 diabetes: A LixiLan‐G trial subgroup analysis by HbA1c and GLP ‐1 RA use at screening

Author

Rosenstock, Julio, primary, Blonde, Lawrence, additional, Aroda, Vanita R., additional, Frias, Juan, additional, Souhami, Elisabeth, additional, Ji, Chen, additional, Niemoeller, Elisabeth, additional, and Del Prato, Stefano, additional

Published
2021
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157. Metformin Benefits: Another Example for Alternative Energy Substrate Mechanism?

Author

Giaccari, Andrea, Solini, Anna, Frontoni, Simona, Del Prato, Stefano, Giaccari, Andrea (ORCID:0000-0002-7462-7792), Giaccari, Andrea, Solini, Anna, Frontoni, Simona, Del Prato, Stefano, and Giaccari, Andrea (ORCID:0000-0002-7462-7792)

Abstract

Since the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), metformin has been considered the first-line medication for patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Though direct evidence from specific trials is still lacking, several studies have suggested that metformin may protect from diabetes- and nondiabetes-related comorbidities, including cardiovascular, renal, neurological, and neoplastic diseases. In the past few decades, several mechanisms of action have been proposed to explain metformin's protective effects, none being final. It is certain, however, that metformin increases lactate production, concentration, and, possibly, oxidation. Once considered a mere waste product of exercising skeletal muscle or anaerobiosis, lactate is now known to act as a major energy shuttle, redistributed from production sites to where it is needed. Through the direct uptake and oxidation of lactate produced elsewhere, all end organs can be rapidly supplied with fundamental energy, skipping glycolysis and its possible byproducts. Increased lactate production (and consequent oxidation) could therefore be considered a positive mechanism of action of metformin, except when, under specific circumstances, metformin and lactate become excessive, increasing the risk of lactic acidosis. We are proposing that, rather than considering metformin-induced lactate production as dangerous, it could be considered a mechanism through which metformin exerts its possible protective effect on the heart, kidneys, and brain and, to some extent, its antineoplastic action.

Published
2021

168. Highlights from International Congress: The XI Forum on the Renin-Angiotensin System, Capri, Italy, 11–12 April, 2008

Author

Azizi, Michel, Borghi, Claudio, Coca, Antonio, Cosentino, Francesco, Crea, Filippo, Del Prato, Stefano, Lembo, Giuseppe, Mancia, Giuseppe, Modena, Maria Grazia, Rubattu, Speranza, Pontremoli, Roberto, Ruilope, Luis M., Savoia, Carmine, Sciarretta, Sebastiano, Scuteri, Angelo, Steckelings, U. Muscha, Strazzullo, Pasquale, Trimarco, Bruno, Virdis, Agostino, Waeber, Bernard, and Volpe, Massimo

Published
2008
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169. Insulin secretion and action affect glucose variability in the early stages of glucose intolerance.

Author

Dimova, Rumyana, Chakarova, Nevena, Daniele, Giuseppe, Bianchi, Cristina, Dardano, Angela, Del Prato, Stefano, and Tankova, Tsvetalina

Subjects
GLUCOSE intolerance, GLUCOSE, INSULIN, SECRETION, GLUCOSE clamp technique, INSULIN sensitivity, GLUCOSE tolerance tests
Abstract

Aims: Since it is unknown whether glucose variability (GV) is increased and whether this is related to worsening of insulin secretion and action in prediabetes, we have assessed insulin secretion and sensitivity, and daily GV in early stages of dysglycemia. Materials and Methods: Twenty subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT; age 45.0 ± 9.5 years; BMI 31.1 ± 6.4 kg/m2), 25 with NGT and 1hrOGTT>8.6 mmol/L (1hrOGTT; 45.7 ± 8.5 years; 32.4 ± 7.0 kg/m2), and 59 with isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT; 47.7 ± 11.2 years; 31.3 ± 6.1 kg/m2) underwent OGTT and MMTT. CGM was performed with blinded FreeStyle Libre Pro for 24 h under standard conditions. Parameters of beta‐cell function, insulin sensitivity and GV were calculated. Results: Overall insulin secretion and action as well as GV progressively worsened across glucose tolerance categories. On a matrix analysis, GV parameters were inversely related to ISSI‐2; r = −0.37 to −0.52; p < 0.0001; and IGI; r = −0.28 to −0.48; p < 0.0001 for CV, SD, J‐index, LI, HBGI and MAGE. Insulin secretion (IGI) and b‐cell function (ISSI‐2) emerged as independent contributors to GV in early stage of dysglycemia accounting for about 16%–38% of its variability. Conclusions: Our results show that daily GV worsens already with mild impairment of glucose tolerance. The increase in GV is inversely related to insulin secretion and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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170. Erratum. Accuracy of 1-Hour Plasma Glucose During the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2021;44:1062–1069

Author

Ahuja, Vasudha, primary, Aronen, Pasi, additional, Pramodkumar, T.A., additional, Looker, Helen, additional, Chetrit, Angela, additional, Bloigu, Aini H., additional, Juutilainen, Auni, additional, Bianchi, Cristina, additional, La Sala, Lucia, additional, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, additional, Pradeepa, Rajendra, additional, Venkatesan, Ulagamadesan, additional, Jebarani, Sarvanan, additional, Baskar, Viswanathan, additional, Fiorentino, Teresa Vanessa, additional, Timpel, Patrick, additional, DeFronzo, Ralph A., additional, Ceriello, Antonio, additional, Del Prato, Stefano, additional, Abdul-Ghani, Muhammad, additional, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, additional, Dankner, Rachel, additional, Bennett, Peter H., additional, Knowler, William C., additional, Schwarz, Peter, additional, Sesti, Giorgio, additional, Oka, Rie, additional, Mohan, Viswanathan, additional, Groop, Leif, additional, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, additional, Ripatti, Samuli, additional, Bergman, Michael, additional, and Tuomi, Tiinamaija, additional

Published
2021
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171. Response to Comment on Garofolo et al. Insulin Resistance and Risk of Major Vascular Events and All-Cause Mortality in Type 1 Diabetes: A 10-Year Follow-up Study. Diabetes Care 2020;43:e139–e141

Author

Garofolo, Monia, primary, Gualdani, Elisa, additional, Bianchi, Cristina, additional, Aragona, Michele, additional, Campi, Fabrizio, additional, Lucchesi, Daniela, additional, Daniele, Giuseppe, additional, Miccoli, Roberto, additional, Francesconi, Paolo, additional, Del Prato, Stefano, additional, and Penno, Giuseppe, additional

Published
2021
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172. Accuracy of 1-Hour Plasma Glucose During the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test in Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Meta-analysis

Author

Ahuja, Vasudha, primary, Aronen, Pasi, additional, Pramodkumar, T.A., additional, Looker, Helen, additional, Chetrit, Angela, additional, Bloigu, Aini H., additional, Juutilainen, Auni, additional, Bianchi, Cristina, additional, La Sala, Lucia, additional, Anjana, Ranjit Mohan, additional, Pradeepa, Rajendra, additional, Venkatesan, Ulagamadesan, additional, Jebarani, Sarvanan, additional, Baskar, Viswanathan, additional, Fiorentino, Teresa Vanessa, additional, Timpel, Patrick, additional, DeFronzo, Ralph A., additional, Ceriello, Antonio, additional, Del Prato, Stefano, additional, Abdul-Ghani, Muhammad, additional, Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Sirkka, additional, Dankner, Rachel, additional, Bennett, Peter H., additional, Knowler, William C., additional, Schwarz, Peter, additional, Sesti, Giorgio, additional, Oka, Rie, additional, Mohan, Viswanathan, additional, Groop, Leif, additional, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, additional, Ripatti, Samuli, additional, Bergman, Michael, additional, and Tuomi, Tiinamaija, additional

Published
2021
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177. Coxsackie B4 virus infection of [beta] cells and natural killer cell insulitis in recent-onset type 1 diabetic patients

Author

Dotta, Francesco, Censini, Stefano, van Halteren, Astrid G.S., Marselli, Lorella, Masini, Matilde, Dionisi, Sabrina, Mosca, Franco, Boggi, Ugo, Muda, Andrea Onetti, Del Prato, Stefano, Elliott, John F., Covacci, Antonello, Rappuoli, Rino, Roep, Bart O., and Marchetti, Piero

Subjects
Type 1 diabetes -- Research, Pancreatic beta cells -- Research, Coxsackieviruses -- Research, Killer cells -- Research, Science and technology
Abstract

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by T cell-mediated autoimmune destruction of pancreatic [beta] cells. Several studies have suggested an association between Coxsackie enterovirus seroconversion and onset of disease. However, a direct link between [beta] cell viral infection and islet inflammation has not been established. We analyzed pancreatic tissue from six type 1 diabetic and 26 control organ donors. Immunohistochemical, electron microscopy, whole-genome ex vivo nucleotide sequencing, cell culture, and immunological studies demonstrated Coxsackie B4 enterovirus in specimens from three of the six diabetic patients. Infection was specific of [beta] cells, which showed nondestructive islet inflammation mediated mainly by natural killer cells. Islets from enterovirus-positive samples displayed reduced insulin secretion in response to glucose and other secretagogues. In addition, virus extracted from positive islets was able to infect [beta] cells from human islets of nondiabetic donors, causing viral inclusions and signs of pyknosis. None of the control organ donors showed signs of viral infection. These studies provide direct evidence that enterovirus can infect [beta] cells in patients with type 1 diabetes and that infection is associated with inflammation and functional impairment. Coxsackie B4 enterovirus | type 1 diabetes

Published
2007

178. Review of methods for detecting glycemic disorders.

Author

UCL - SSS/IREC/EDIN - Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'endocrinologie et de nutrition, Bergman, Michael, Abdul-Ghani, Muhammad, DeFronzo, Ralph A, Manco, Melania, Sesti, Giorgio, Fiorentino, Teresa Vanessa, Ceriello, Antonio, Rhee, Mary, Phillips, Lawrence S, Chung, Stephanie, Cravalho, Celeste, Jagannathan, Ram, Monnier, Louis, Colette, Claude, Owens, David, Bianchi, Cristina, Del Prato, Stefano, Monteiro, Mariana P, Neves, João Sérgio, Medina, Jose Luiz, Macedo, Maria Paula, Ribeiro, Rogério Tavares, Filipe Raposo, João, Dorcely, Brenda, Ibrahim, Nouran, Buysschaert, Martin, UCL - SSS/IREC/EDIN - Pôle d'endocrinologie, diabète et nutrition, UCL - (SLuc) Service d'endocrinologie et de nutrition, Bergman, Michael, Abdul-Ghani, Muhammad, DeFronzo, Ralph A, Manco, Melania, Sesti, Giorgio, Fiorentino, Teresa Vanessa, Ceriello, Antonio, Rhee, Mary, Phillips, Lawrence S, Chung, Stephanie, Cravalho, Celeste, Jagannathan, Ram, Monnier, Louis, Colette, Claude, Owens, David, Bianchi, Cristina, Del Prato, Stefano, Monteiro, Mariana P, Neves, João Sérgio, Medina, Jose Luiz, Macedo, Maria Paula, Ribeiro, Rogério Tavares, Filipe Raposo, João, Dorcely, Brenda, Ibrahim, Nouran, and Buysschaert, Martin

Abstract

Prediabetes (intermediate hyperglycemia) consists of two abnormalities, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) detected by a standardized 75-gram oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Individuals with isolated IGT or combined IFG and IGT have increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Diagnosing prediabetes early and accurately is critical in order to refer high-risk individuals for intensive lifestyle modification. However, there is currently no international consensus for diagnosing prediabetes with HbA1c or glucose measurements based upon American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria that identify different populations at risk for progressing to diabetes. Various caveats affecting the accuracy of interpreting the HbA1c including genetics complicate this further. This review describes established methods for detecting glucose disorders based upon glucose and HbA1c parameters as well as novel approaches including the 1-hour plasma glucose (1-h PG), glucose challenge test (GCT), shape of the glucose curve, genetics, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), measures of insulin secretion and sensitivity, metabolomics, and ancillary tools such as fructosamine, glycated albumin (GA), 1,5- anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG). Of the approaches considered, the 1-h PG has considerable potential as a biomarker for detecting glucose disorders if confirmed by additional data including health economic analysis. Whether the 1-h OGTT is superior to genetics and omics in providing greater precision for individualized treatment requires further investigation. These methods will need to demonstrate substantially superiority to simpler tools for detecting glucose disorders to justify their cost and complexity.

Published
2020

179. New-Onset Diabetes in Covid-19

Author

Rubino, Francesco, Amiel, Stephanie A, Zimmet, Paul, Alberti, George, Bornstein, Stefan, Eckel, Robert H, Mingrone, Geltrude, Boehm, Bernhard, Cooper, Mark E, Chai, Zhonglin, Del Prato, Stefano, Ji, Linong, Hopkins, David, Herman, William H, Khunti, Kamlesh, Mbanya, Jean-Claude, Renard, Eric, Rubino, Francesco, Amiel, Stephanie A, Zimmet, Paul, Alberti, George, Bornstein, Stefan, Eckel, Robert H, Mingrone, Geltrude, Boehm, Bernhard, Cooper, Mark E, Chai, Zhonglin, Del Prato, Stefano, Ji, Linong, Hopkins, David, Herman, William H, Khunti, Kamlesh, Mbanya, Jean-Claude, and Renard, Eric

Published
2020

180. Deflazacort versus prednisone/prednisolone for maintaining motor function and delaying loss of ambulation: A post HOC analysis from the ACT DMD trial

Author

Shieh, Perry B., McIntosh, Joseph, Jin, Fengbin, Souza, Marcio, Elfring, Gary, Narayanan, Siva, Trifillis, Panayiota, Harreiter, Stuart W., van Assche, Andre, Devlieger, Roland, Timmerman, Dirk, Hill, David, Damm, Peter, Mathiesen, Elisabeth R., Wender-Ozegowska, Ewa, Zawiejska, Agnieszka, Rebollo, Pablo, Lapolla, Annunziata, Dalfrà, Maria G., Del Prato, Stefano, Bertolotto, Alessandra, Dunne, Fidelma, Jensen, Dorte M., Andersen, Liselotte, and Snoek, Frank J.

Subjects
Male, muscular dystrophy, 0301 basic medicine, Adolescent, Physiology, Prednisolone, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Walk Test, Walking, Placebo, Dystrophin, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Pregnenediones, Clinical Research, Prednisone, Physiology (medical), Post-hoc analysis, medicine, Humans, Muscular dystrophy, Child, deflazacort, business.industry, Deflazacort, Age Factors, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne, 030104 developmental biology, Anesthesia, prednisone, Female, Neurology (clinical), business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Introduction: ACT DMD was a 48‐week trial of ataluren for nonsense mutation Duchenne muscular dystrophy (nmDMD). Patients received corticosteroids for ≥6 months at entry and stable regimens throughout study. This post hoc analysis compares efficacy and safety for deflazacort and prednisone/prednisolone in the placebo arm. Methods: Patients received deflazacort (n = 53) or prednisone/prednisolone (n = 61). Endpoints included change from baseline in 6‐minute walk distance (6MWD), timed function tests, estimated age at loss of ambulation (extrapolated from 6MWD). Results: Mean changes in 6MWD were ‐39.0 m (deflazacort; 95% confidence limit [CL], ‐68.85, ‐9.17) and ‐70.6 m (prednisone/prednisolone; 95% CL, ‐97.16, ‐44.02). Mean changes in 4‐stair climb were 3.79 s (deflazacort; 95% CL, 1.54, 6.03) and 6.67 s (prednisone/prednisolone; 95% CL, 4.69, 8.64). Conclusions: This analysis, limited by its post hoc nature, suggests greater preservation of 6MWD and 4‐stair climb with deflazacort vs. prednisone/prednisolone. A head‐to‐head comparison will better define these differences. Muscle Nerve 58: 639–645, 2018

Published
2018

187. Predictors of post-traumatic complication of mild brain injury in anticoagulated patients: DOACs are safer than VKAs

Author

Cipriano, Alessandro, primary, Park, Naria, additional, Pecori, Alessio, additional, Bionda, Alessandra, additional, Bardini, Michele, additional, Frassi, Francesca, additional, Lami, Valentina, additional, Leoli, Francesco, additional, Manca, Maria Laura, additional, Del Prato, Stefano, additional, Santini, Massimo, additional, and Ghiadoni, Lorenzo, additional

Published
2021
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189. Type 1 diabetes and COVID-19: The “lockdown effect”

Author

Aragona, Michele, primary, Rodia, Cosimo, additional, Bertolotto, Alessandra, additional, Campi, Fabrizio, additional, Coppelli, Alberto, additional, Giannarelli, Rosa, additional, Bianchi, Cristina, additional, Dardano, Angela, additional, and Del Prato, Stefano, additional

Published
2020
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197. The density of crown-like structures in epicardial adipose tissue could play a role in cardiovascular diseases

Author

Malavazos, Alexis Elias, Di Vincenzo, Angelica, Iacobellis, Gianluca, Basilico, Sara, Dubini, Carola, Morricone, Lelio, Menicanti, Lorenzo, Luca, Tonia, Giordano, Antonio, Castorina, Sergio, Carruba, Michele, Nisoli, Enzo, Del Prato, Stefano, and Cinti, Saverio

Abstract

Purpose: The visceral fat of patients affected by abdominal obesity is inflamed, and the main histopathologic feature is the high density of crown-like structures (CLS). Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a visceral fat of paramount importance for its relationships with coronary vessels and myocardium. Its inflammation in patients with abdominal obesity could be of clinical relevance, but histopathological studies on CLS density in EAT are lacking. This study aimed to assess the histopathology of EAT biopsies obtained from patients undergoing open-heart surgery. Methods: We collected EAT biopsies from 10 patients undergoing open-heart surgery for elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n= 5) or valvular replacement (VR) (n= 5). Biopsies were treated for light microscopy and immunohistochemistry. We quantify the CLS density in each EAT sample. Results: Despite all patients having abdominal obesity, in EAT samples, no CLS were detected in the VR group; in contrast, CLS were detected in the CABG group (about 17 CLS/104adipocytes vs. 0.0 CLS/104adipocytes, CABG vs. VR group, respectively). An impressive density of CLS (100 times that of other patients) was found in one patient (LS) in the CABG group that had a relevant anamnestic aspect: relatively rapid increase of weight gain, especially in abdominal adipose tissue, coincident with myocardial infarction. Conclusions: CLS density could be an important predictive tool for cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, the LS case implies a role for timing in weight gain. Level of evidence: No level of evidence; this is a basic science study.

Published
2022
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