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180 results on '"D McAulay"'

153. Mass Media and Third-Grade Social Studies

Author

J. D. McAulay

Subjects
business.industry, Management of Technology and Innovation, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Media studies, Sociology, business, Social studies, Education, Mass media
Published
1964
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155. What Understandings Do Second Grade Children Have of Time Relationships?

Author

J. D. Mcaulay

Subjects
Psychology, Education, Developmental psychology
Abstract

DURING THE month of September, 1959, one I hundred and sixty-five second grade children were tested on their understanding of time relationships. The study revolved about the question: have second grade children developed understandings of time which are (a) associated with self, (b) associated with the immediate environment, (c)associated with historical events. It was hoped a study of this question might indicate

Published
1961
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156. Optical Prolog Computer Using Symbolic Substitution

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Flexibility (engineering), Theoretical computer science, Unification, Programming language, Computer science, Substitution (logic), Optical computing, computer.software_genre, Expert system, Prolog, Control system, Parallelism (grammar), computer, computer.programming_language
Abstract

The Prolog language provides the flexibility to implement many expert system approaches and exhibits high levels of parallelism. However, it is too slow to have wide applicability to real-world problems or for real-time problems. The most computationally demanding steps in Prolog are the search and substitution required in unification. An all-digital opto-electronic architecture is described in which optical symbolic substitution is used to significantly speed unification by using high levels of parallelism. A simulator is being developed for the system to verify operation and assist performance evaluation. Progress in spatial light modulators suggests that such architectures will soon be feasible and superior to all-electronic counterparts.

Published
1988
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157. Logic And Arithmetic With Luminescent Rebroadcasting Devices

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Analogue electronics, business.industry, Multiplication, Boolean operations in computer-aided design, business, Algorithm, Polymer thin films, Computer hardware, Mathematics
Abstract

This paper discusses, for the first time, the application of luminescent rebroadcasting devices to computing. The devices are described, together with some preliminary experimental characterization. The devices are then shown to be capable of: analog addition and multiplication, sequences of ORs and NORs, and performing the 16 Boolean operations possible between two variables.

Published
1988
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158. Application Of Luminescent Devices To Electronically Controlled Optical Image Processors

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Optical image, Analogue electronics, Spatial filter, Computer science, Electronic engineering, Physics::Optics, Multiplication, Image processing, Thin film, Luminescence, Optical filter
Abstract

This paper discusses, for the first time, the application of luminescent rebroadcasting devices to image processing. The devices are described and shown to be capable of parallel analog addition and multiplication. Equations are provided for space-variant spatial filtering. An optical system that uses luminescent devices is proposed for implementing such spatial filters.

Published
1988
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160. Nearest Neighbor Hybrid Deformable Mirror Optical Computer

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Partial differential equation, business.industry, Computer science, Optical engineering, Optical computing, Image processing, Deformable mirror, k-nearest neighbors algorithm, Control system, Point (geometry), Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Algorithm
Abstract

Deformable mirror and charge coupled devices are combined with parallel high speed electronics in order to produce a nearest neighbor computer in which the value at each point in a 2D array may be simultaneously updated based on values at the immediately surrounding points. The concept of such a machine is described together with its application to image processing and partial differential equation solution. Repeated iteration enables filtering which involves points at greater distance than the nearest neighbor. The problem is discussed of overcoming the limited dynamic range of the deformable mirror device for application to the solution of partial differential equations.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
1983
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162. Optical Dynamic Matched Filtering With Electron Trapping Devices

Author

Chen-tai Ma, Alastair D. McAulay, and Junqing Wang

Subjects
Optics, Computer science, business.industry, Scattering, Frequency domain, Electron trapping, Electron, Space (mathematics), business, Image (mathematics), Domain (software engineering), Characterization (materials science)
Abstract

A new electron trapping material is described together with a preliminary characterization. The material is used for correlation in the space domain between many stored images and an incoming image. As the material may be written and read it is possible to store the images against which the input is to be matched on film and then to map these one at a time onto the material for correlation. It would be useful if the material could be used for matched filtering in the frequency domain because this provides shift invariance. The difficulty of having different frequencies for read and write is shown to be unimportant. However, present samples cannot be used in the frequency because of scattering.

Published
1989
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163. Optical A/D Converters And Application To Digital Multiplication By Analog Convolution

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Comparator, Computer science, Optical transistor, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Electronic engineering, Physics::Optics, Optical computing, Multiplication, Optical performance monitoring, Converters, Optical switch, Convolution
Abstract

The need for high performance A/D converters, the advantages of optics, and current approaches to A/D conversion are reviewed. A novel method is proposed that uses comparators, optical logic, and a table look-up to provide optical digital output from an optical analog input. The advantage of the new method is the ability to produce any digital code, optical input/output, and longer word lengths at high speed. Implementations of the optical logic are proposed that use 1-D SLM devices under development. The optical A/D could make digital multiplication by analog convolution competitive with electronic systems.

Published
1987
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165. Real-Time Probabilistic Optical Expert System

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Interconnection, business.industry, Computer science, Probabilistic logic, computer.software_genre, Expert system, Bayes' theorem, Computer data storage, A priori and a posteriori, Multiplication, Polling, business, Algorithm, computer
Abstract

Optics has advantages for overcoming limitations arising when applying existing electronic technologies to real-time parallel computation. In particular, spatial light modulators (SLMs) permit simultaneous storage, multiplication, and/or complex interconnection. A simple diagnostic expert system uses Bayes theorem to recursively update the probabilities of various hypotheses given additional sensor input information. The 'a priori' probability matrices are stored in SLMs which provide matrix-vector multiplication and interconnection. High speed permits the optimum determination of which sensor should be polled next.

Published
1987
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167. Neural Networks For Adaptive Shape Tracking

Author

Alastair D. McAulay and Ivan Kadar

Subjects
Moment (mathematics), Engineering, Scale (ratio), Artificial neural network, business.industry, Position (vector), Preprocessor, Computer vision, Artificial intelligence, business, Translation (geometry), Tracking (particle physics), Rotation (mathematics)
Abstract

A practical approach to tracking aircraft with similar looking silhouettes whilemaintaining identification is proposed and simulated. Preprocessing is performedusing moment invariants that are shown to be almost constant for images in which the object is translated in position, rotated, or changed in scale. These moment invariants are used to train a neural network to identify the aircraft for different aspect angles. Consequently, tracking of a specific aircraft is achieved no matterwhat the aspect angle, the position, rotation, or scale. INTRODUCTION The tracking of aircraft silhouettes for similar looking aircrafts requires the abilityto identify a specific aircraft as it translates, rotates, changes scale or changes aspectangle. A neural network can be trained to recognize objects independently of scale,rotation, translation, or aspect angle by using a very large number of training cases.The number of cases and hence the time for learning is very large even though thenetwork has the capability to interpolate between training samples [5]. In most casesthe training time makes this approach impractical. Biological vision systems makeextensive use of preprocessing to extract features of relevance.

Published
1989
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168. Optical Crossbar Signal Processor

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Digital signal processor, Optical fiber, Spatial light modulator, Computer science, business.industry, Fast Fourier transform, Reconfigurability, ComputerSystemsOrganization_PROCESSORARCHITECTURES, law.invention, Data flow diagram, law, Electronic engineering, Multiplier (economics), Crossbar switch, business, Computer hardware
Abstract

A proposed high performance, many Gigaflop signal processor is described in which 512 processors are interconnected with a 768 by 768 crossbar switch utilizing a spatial light modulator of the type presently under development. Optical fibers are used to provide high speed communication between the processors and the switch. The system, processor nodes, programming and functional operation are described. The advantages are discussed for reconfigurability, optical crossbar switches and programmed data flow. Efficient implementations are presented for: a systolic filter, a fast Fourier transform, a correlator and a matrix-vector multiplier.

Published
1986
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172. Optimal Least Square Filtering With A Digital Optically Interconnected Processor

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Digital signal processor, Interleaving, Computer science, Fast Fourier transform, Inverse filter, Electronic engineering, Filter (signal processing), Crossbar switch, Ringing, Algorithm, Toeplitz matrix
Abstract

An optical crossbar interconnected signal processor, proposed previously, is reviewed. The ability to implement difficult -to-parallelize algorithms on this processor with reasonable efficiency is illustrated using optimal least square filtering. An inversefilter for removing the effects of a ringing source from reflected data is used as an example. A large number of Toeplitz matrixequations must be solved to determine the optimum inverse filter length and phase. Efficient parallel computation is required. Equations for Levinson's algorithm are provided and an implementation on the optical system is suggested. Performance estimates suggest that interleaving may be used to improve efficiency from 5% to approximately 30 %. Introduction An optical crossbar interconnected signal processor was proposed previously that has a large number of processing element.connected via optical fibers to an optical crossbar switch'''. A deformable mirror device is used to construct the crossbar switch.I previously showed how to efficiently implement basic signal processing algorithms such as an FFT, systolic filter, and matrix

Published
1986
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173. Speech Recognition With An Optical Crossbar Interconnected Signal Processor

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Dynamic time warping, Digital signal processor, Parsing, Computer science, Speech recognition, Optical engineering, Rule-based system, Crossbar switch, computer.software_genre, Hidden Markov model, computer, Word (computer architecture)
Abstract

A previously proposed optical crossbar interconnected signal processor is reviewed for application to speech recognition. A traditional recognition approach is described that uses: linear prediction, dynamic time warping, and parsing. A wait-and-see rule based parser is used. The major parts Of the system are implemented on the optical processor and show that high performance should be achievable for large vocabularies. Further, hidden Markov models for exploiting temporal relations in establishing word and sentence hypotheses, also appear to be efficiently implementable on the processor. Methods for recognizing phonemes in 2-D spectrograms are also expected to lend themselves to optical processing.© (1986) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
1986
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174. Map learning using associative memory neural network

Author

X. Xu, Alastair D. McAulay, and C.L.P. Chen

Subjects
Artificial neural network, Recall, Tensor product network, business.industry, Covariance matrix, Computer science, Content-addressable storage, Pattern recognition, Artificial intelligence, Content-addressable memory, business, k-nearest neighbors algorithm
Abstract

Summary form only given. Map learning using associative memory is considered. Given a source location and a destination location to be visited and its associated visiting path, an associative memory neural network which can remember and recall all possible paired-location combinations is constructed. Kth nearest neighbor transformation (Knn) is used to transfer the input paired locations to a vector form indicating the neighboring information among all the locations in the map. Training patterns are selected from the linear combination of the eigenvector of the covariance matrix of the associative group and the input vectors. By training the network with the selected transformed training vectors, the best path of any two points in the map can be obtained. An example of learning the city map of Dayton, Ohio, is used to illustrate the proposed network. >

176. Modeling shear and compressional head waves at velocity steps and inversions

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Wave propagation, Acoustics, Internal wave, symbols.namesake, Love wave, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), symbols, Gravity wave, Shear velocity, Rayleigh wave, Mechanical wave, Geology, Longitudinal wave
Abstract

Accurate modeling of head waves (lateral waves or refractions) enables improved estimation of sound velocities at and below the ocean bottom, [A.D. McAulay, in Int. Conf. Acoustics Speech and Sig. Proc. 1980, 1981]. Head waves arise when a homogeneous wave strikes an interface with a medium of greater velocity (step) at greater than the critical angle or, less well known, when an inhomogeneous wave strikes an interface with a medium of lower velocity (inversion). In practice head waves are caused by an inhomogeneous wave either when a point source is located near a velocity inversion, or at the exit of a tunnel through a high velocity region. A computer program was developed using the Thompson‐Haskel formulation and the Delta matrix method to obtain fast accurate modeling of shear and compressional waves for a plane layered model and a point source. Various velocity models were used to illustrate the accurate modeling of shear and compressional head waves. In particular the accurate modeling of head waves...

Published
1983
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177. Deformable Mirror Nearest Neighbor Optical Digital Computer

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Best bin first, Theoretical computer science, Nearest neighbor graph, Computer science, Computation, Modulo, General Engineering, Image processing, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Deformable mirror, k-nearest neighbors algorithm, Computational science
Abstract

Many problems are efficiently computed on nearest neighbor connected machines because they involve regular grids or grids that may be envisaged as distortions from regular. Examples include image processing and finite differences and finite elements that dominate engineering and scientific computation. Previously, I proposed an optical nearest neighbor machine concept with 5-bit accuracy. The simple design in this paper uses residue number arithmetic and two deformable mirror arrays of 1000 x 1000 elements to achieve 15 million operations per second with 32-bit accuracy. I assume that an array may be set in 8 ms. Duplication of equipment by 64 times enables one billion operations per second because perfect parallelism is achievable with residue numbers and nearest neighbor concepts. It is anticipated that the increased use of deformable mirror devices in computer peripherals will advance the technology to the point where designs such as that proposed will be practical. The proposed scheme appears to be superior to outer product and optical modulo schemes for nearest neighbor computation.

Published
1986
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178. Optical Crossbar Interconnected Digital Signal Processor With Basic Algorithms

Author

Alastair D. McAulay

Subjects
Interconnection, Signal processing, Digital signal processor, Optical fiber, Computer science, business.industry, General Engineering, Optical communication, Optical computing, Reconfigurability, ComputerSystemsOrganization_PROCESSORARCHITECTURES, Optical switch, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optical modulator, law, Optical correlator, Crossbar switch, business, Algorithm, Digital signal processing
Abstract

A proposed high performance gigaflop signal processor is described in which 512 processors are interconnected with a 768 by 768 crossbar switch utilizing a spatial light modulator of the type presently under development at Texas Instruments. Optical fibers are used to provide high speed communication between the processors and the switch. The system, processor nodes, programming, and functional operation are described. The advantages are discussed for reconfigurability, optical crossbar switches, and programmed data flow. Efficient implementations are presented for a systolic filter, a fast Fourier transform, a correlator, and a matrix-vector multiplier. Preliminary performance estimates suggest that over one gigaflop performance is achievable for these algorithms on this processor.

Published
1986
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179. Long-term impact of COVID-19 hospitalisation among individuals with pre-existing airway diseases in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study – PHOSP-COVID

Author

Omer Elneima, John R. Hurst, Carlos Echevarria, Jennifer K. Quint, Samantha Walker, Salman Siddiqui, Petr Novotny, Paul E. Pfeffer, Jeremy S. Brown, Manu Shankar-Hari, Hamish J.C. McAuley, Olivia C. Leavy, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Victoria C. Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Neil J. Greening, Ewen M. Harrison, Annemarie B. Docherty, Nazir I. Lone, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Michael Marks, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Rachael A. Evans, Louise V. Wain, Aziz Sheikh, Chris E. Brightling, Anthony De Soyza, Liam G. Heaney, J.K. Baillie, N.I. Lone, E. Pairo-Castineira, N. Avramidis, K. Rawlik, S Jones, L. Armstrong, B. Hairsine, H. Henson, C. Kurasz, A. Shaw, L. Shenton, H. Dobson, A. Dell, S. Fairbairn, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, M. Hoare, V. Lewis, A. Lucey, G. Mallison, H. Nassa, C. Pennington, A. Price, C. Price, A. Storrie, G. Willis, S. Young, K. Poinasamy, S. Walker, I. Jarrold, A. Sanderson, K. Chong-James, C. David, W.Y. James, P. Pfeffer, O. Zongo, A. Martineau, C. Manisty, C. Armour, V. Brown, J. Busby, B. Connolly, T. Craig, S. Drain, L.G. Heaney, B. King, N. Magee, E. Major, D. McAulay, L. McGarvey, J. McGinness, T. Peto, R. Stone, A. Bolger, F. Davies, A. Haggar, J. Lewis, A. Lloyd, R. Manley, E. McIvor, D. Menzies, K. Roberts, W. Saxon, D. Southern, C. Subbe, V. Whitehead, A. Bularga, N.L. Mills, J. Dawson, H. El-Taweel, L. Robinson, L. Brear, K. Regan, D. Saralaya, K. Storton, S. Amoils, A. Bermperi, I. Cruz, K. Dempsey, A. Elmer, J. Fuld, H. Jones, S. Jose, S. Marciniak, M. Parkes, C. Ribeiro, J. Taylor, M. Toshner, L. Watson, J. Worsley, L. Broad, T. Evans, M. Haynes, L. Jones, L. Knibbs, A. McQueen, C. Oliver, K. Paradowski, R. Sabit, J. Williams, I. Jones, L. Milligan, E. Harris, C. Sampson, E. Davies, C. Evenden, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, C. Lynch, M. Rees, L. Roche, N. Stroud, T. Thomas-Woods, S. Heller, T. Chalder, K. Shah, E. Robertson, B. Young, M. Babores, M. Holland, N. Keenan, S. Shashaa, H. Wassall, L. Austin, E. Beranova, T. Cosier, J. Deery, T. Hazelton, H. Ramos, R. Solly, S. Turney, H. Weston, M. Ralser, L. Pearce, S. Pugmire, W. Stoker, A. Wilson, W. McCormick, E. Fraile, J. Ugoji, L. Aguilar Jimenez, G. Arbane, S. Betts, K. Bisnauthsing, A. Dewar, N. Hart, G. Kaltsakas, H. Kerslake, M.M. Magtoto, P. Marino, L.M. Martinez, M. Ostermann, J. Rossdale, T.S. Solano, M. Alvarez Corral, A. Arias, E. Bevan, D. Griffin, J. Martin, J. Owen, S. Payne, A. Prabhu, A. Reed, W. Storrar, N. Williams, C. Wrey Brown, T. Burdett, J. Featherstone, C. Lawson, A. Layton, C. Mills, L. Stephenson, Y. Ellis, P. Atkin, K. Brindle, M.G. Crooks, K. Drury, N. Easom, R. Flockton, L. Holdsworth, A. Richards, D.L. Sykes, S. Thackray-Nocera, C. Wright, S. Coetzee, K. Davies, R. Hughes, R. Loosley, H. McGuinness, A. Mohamed, L. O'Brien, Z. Omar, E. Perkins, J. Phipps, G. Ross, A. Taylor, H. Tench, R. Wolf-Roberts, L. Burden, E. Calvelo, B. Card, C. Carr, E.R. Chilvers, D. Copeland, P. Cullinan, P. Daly, L. Evison, T. Fayzan, H. Gordon, S. Haq, R.G. Jenkins, C. King, O. Kon, K. March, M. Mariveles, L. McLeavey, N. Mohamed, S. Moriera, U. Munawar, J. Nunag, U. Nwanguma, L. Orriss-Dib, A. Ross, M. Roy, E. Russell, K. Samuel, J. Schronce, N. Simpson, L. Tarusan, D.C. Thomas, C. Wood, N. Yasmin, D. Altmann, L.S. Howard, D. Johnston, A. Lingford-Hughes, W.D-C. Man, J. Mitchell, P.L. Molyneaux, C. Nicolaou, D.P. O'Regan, L. Price, J. Quint, D. Smith, R.S. Thwaites, J. Valabhji, S. Walsh, C.M. Efstathiou, F. Liew, A. Frankel, L. Lightstone, S. McAdoo, M. Wilkins, M. Willicombe, R. Touyz, A-M. Guerdette, M. Hewitt, R. Reddy, K. Warwick, S. White, A. McMahon, M. Malim, K. Bramham, M. Brown, K. Ismail, T. Nicholson, C. Pariante, C. Sharpe, S. Wessely, J. Whitney, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, H. Assefa-Kebede, J. Breeze, S. Byrne, P. Dulawan, A. Hoare, C.J. Jolley, A. Knighton, S. Patale, I. Peralta, N. Powell, A. Ramos, K. Shevket, F. Speranza, A. Te, A. Shah, A. Chiribiri, C. O'Brien, A. Hayday, A. Ashworth, P. Beirne, J. Clarke, C. Coupland, M. Dalton, C. Favager, J. Glossop, J. Greenwood, L. Hall, T. Hardy, A. Humphries, J. Murira, D. Peckham, S. Plein, J. Rangeley, G. Saalmink, A.L. Tan, E. Wade, B. Whittam, N. Window, J. Woods, G. Coakley, L. Turtle, L. Allerton, A.M. Allt, M. Beadsworth, A. Berridge, J. Brown, S. Cooper, A. Cross, S. Defres, S.L. Dobson, J. Earley, N. French, W. Greenhalf, K. Hainey, H.E. Hardwick, J. Hawkes, V. Highett, S. Kaprowska, A.L. Key, L. Lavelle-Langham, N. Lewis-Burke, G. Madzamba, F. Malein, S. Marsh, C. Mears, L. Melling, M.J. Noonan, L. Poll, J. Pratt, E. Richardson, A. Rowe, M.G. Semple, V. Shaw, K.A. Tripp, L.O. Wajero, S.A. Williams-Howard, D.G. Wootton, J. Wyles, S.N. Diwanji, S. Gurram, P. Papineni, S. Quaid, G.F. Tiongson, E. Watson, A. Briggs, M. Marks, C. Hastie, N. Rogers, N. Smith, D. Stensel, L. Bishop, K. McIvor, P. Rivera-Ortega, B. Al-Sheklly, C. Avram, J. Blaikely, M. Buch, N. Choudhury, D. Faluyi, T. Felton, T. Gorsuch, N.A. Hanley, A. Horsley, T. Hussell, Z. Kausar, N. Odell, R. Osbourne, K. Piper Hanley, K. Radhakrishnan, S. Stockdale, T. Kabir, J.T. Scott, P.J.M. Openshaw, I.D. Stewart, D. Burn, A. Ayoub, G. Burns, G. Davies, A. De Soyza, C. Echevarria, H. Fisher, C. Francis, A. Greenhalgh, P. Hogarth, J. Hughes, K. Jiwa, G. Jones, G. MacGowan, D. Price, A. Sayer, J. Simpson, H. Tedd, S. Thomas, S. West, M. Witham, S. Wright, A. Young, M.J. McMahon, P. Neill, D. Anderson, N. Basu, H. Bayes, A. Brown, A. Dougherty, K. Fallon, L. Gilmour, D. Grieve, K. Mangion, A. Morrow, R. Sykes, C. Berry, I.B. McInnes, K. Scott, F. Barrett, A. Donaldson, E.K. Sage, D. Bell, R. Hamil, K. Leitch, L. Macliver, M. Patel, J. Quigley, A. Smith, B. Welsh, G. Choudhury, S. Clohisey, A. Deans, A.B. Docherty, J. Furniss, E.M. Harrison, S. Kelly, A. Sheikh, J.D. Chalmers, D. Connell, C. Deas, A. Elliott, J. George, S. Mohammed, J. Rowland, A.R. Solstice, D. Sutherland, C.J. Tee, J. Bunker, R. Gill, R. Nathu, K. Holmes, H. Adamali, D. Arnold, S. Barratt, A. Dipper, S. Dunn, N. Maskell, A. Morley, L. Morrison, L. Stadon, S. Waterson, H. Welch, B. Jayaraman, T. Light, I. Vogiatzis, P. Almeida, C.E. Bolton, A. Hosseini, L. Matthews, R. Needham, K. Shaw, A.K. Thomas, J. Bonnington, M. Chrystal, C. Dupont, P.L. Greenhaff, A. Gupta, W. Jang, S. Linford, A. Nikolaidis, S. Prosper, A. Burns, N. Kanellakis, V.M. Ferreira, C. Nikolaidou, C. Xie, M. Ainsworth, A. Alamoudi, A. Bloss, P. Carter, M. Cassar, J. Chen, F. Conneh, T. Dong, R.I. Evans, E. Fraser, J.R. Geddes, F. Gleeson, P. Harrison, M. Havinden-Williams, L.P. Ho, P. Jezzard, I. Koychev, P. Kurupati, H. McShane, C. Megson, S. Neubauer, D. Nicoll, G. Ogg, E. Pacpaco, M. Pavlides, Y. Peng, N. Petousi, J. Pimm, N.M. Rahman, B. Raman, M.J. Rowland, K. Saunders, M. Sharpe, N. Talbot, E.M. Tunnicliffe, A. Korszun, S. Kerr, R.E. Barker, D. Cristiano, N. Dormand, P. George, M. Gummadi, S. Kon, K. Liyanage, C.M. Nolan, B. Patel, S. Patel, O. Polgar, P. Shah, S. Singh, J.A. Walsh, M. Gibbons, S. Ahmad, S. Brill, J. Hurst, H. Jarvis, L. Lim, S. Mandal, D. Matila, O. Olaosebikan, C. Singh, C. Laing, H. Baxendale, L. Garner, C. Johnson, J. Mackie, A. Michael, J. Newman, J. Pack, K. Paques, H. Parfrey, J. Parmar, A. Reddy, M. Halling-Brown, P. Dark, N. Diar-Bakerly, D. Evans, E. Hardy, A. Harvey, D. Holgate, S. Knight, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, L. McMorrow, J. Oxton, J. Pendlebury, C. Summersgill, R. Ugwuoke, S. Whittaker, W. Matimba-Mupaya, S. Strong-Sheldrake, P. Chowienczyk, J. Bagshaw, M. Begum, K. Birchall, R. Butcher, H. Carborn, F. Chan, K. Chapman, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Clark, Z. Coburn, J. Cole, M. Dixon, A. Fairman, J. Finnigan, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, R. Gregory, K. Harrington, L. Haslam, L. Hesselden, J. Hockridge, A. Holbourn, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Howell, E. Hurditch, F. Ilyas, C. Jarman, A. Lawrie, J-H. Lee, E. Lee, R. Lenagh, A. Lye, I. Macharia, M. Marshall, A. Mbuyisa, J. McNeill, S. Megson, J. Meiring, L. Milner, S. Misra, H. Newell, T. Newman, C. Norman, L. Nwafor, D. Pattenadk, M. Plowright, J. Porter, P. Ravencroft, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, S.L. Rowland-Jones, P. Saunders, J. Sidebottom, J. Smith, L. Smith, N. Steele, G. Stephens, R. Stimpson, B. Thamu, A.A.R. Thompson, N. Tinker, K. Turner, H. Turton, P. Wade, J. Watson, I. Wilson, A. Zawia, L. Allsop, K. Bennett, P. Buckley, M. Flynn, M. Gill, C. Goodwin, M. Greatorex, H. Gregory, C. Heeley, L. Holloway, M. Holmes, J. Hutchinson, J. Kirk, W. Lovegrove, T.A. Sewell, S. Shelton, D. Sissons, K. Slack, S. Smith, D. Sowter, S. Turner, V. Whitworth, I. Wynter, J. Tomlinson, L. Warburton, S. Painter, S. Palmer, D. Redwood, J. Tilley, C. Vickers, T. Wainwright, G. Breen, M. Hotopf, R. Aul, D. Forton, M. Ali, A. Dunleavy, M. Mencias, N. Msimanga, T. Samakomva, S. Siddique, V. Tavoukjian, J. Teixeira, R. Ahmed, R. Francis, L. Connor, A. Cook, G.A. Davies, T. Rees, F. Thaivalappil, C. Thomas, M. 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Redfearn, C. Sarginson, and A. Turnbull

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Background The long-term outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalisation in individuals with pre-existing airway diseases are unknown. Methods Adult participants hospitalised for confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 and discharged between 5 March 2020 and 31 March 2021 were recruited to the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study. Participants attended research visits at 5 months and 1 year post discharge. Clinical characteristics, perceived recovery, burden of symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with pre-existing airway disease (i.e., asthma, COPD or bronchiectasis) were compared to the non-airways group. Results A total of 615 out of 2697 (22.8%) participants had a history of pre-existing airway diseases (72.0% diagnosed with asthma, 22.9% COPD and 5.1% bronchiectasis). At 1 year, the airways group participants were less likely to feel fully recovered (20.4% versus 33.2%, p

Published
2024
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180. Dehydration in the terminally ill patient.

Author

McAulay D

Subjects
Attitude of Health Personnel, Attitude to Death, Decision Making, Fluid Therapy adverse effects, Fluid Therapy nursing, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Informed Consent, Nursing Methodology Research, Nursing Staff, Hospital education, Nursing Staff, Hospital psychology, Nutritional Support adverse effects, Nutritional Support nursing, Patient Education as Topic, Patient Selection, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Surveys and Questionnaires, Terminal Care psychology, Terminal Care standards, Withholding Treatment, Dehydration nursing, Terminal Care methods
Abstract

Background: Many healthcare professionals believe that dehydration is painful and uncomfortable for dying patients. There is increasing evidence to support the view that dehydration might aid comfort and reduce stress in the final days of terminal illness. The decision of whether or not to administer artificial hydration intravenously of subcutaneously causes much concern for healthcare professionals. The British Medical Association's 1999 guidance for decision making, Withholding and Withdrawing Life: Prolonging Medical Treatment, states that: '...the emotional and psychological burden on staff involved with withdrawing or withholding life-prolonging treatment should be recognised and adequate support mechanisms need to be available and easily accessible before, during and after decisions have been made., Conclusion: Raising awareness of the effects of dehydration in terminally ill patients will lead to a better understanding among staff on the ward. It will help them to further promote the comfort of dying patients and help relatives come to terms with this distressing situation.

Published
2001
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