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Bis(thiomorpholinyldithicarbamate)Cu(II) complex was prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The molecular structure revealed a mononuclear copper(II) ion bonded to two thiomorpholinyl dithiocarbamate anion to form a distorted square planar geometry. The compound was thermolyzed at 130°C to prepare CuS nanoparticle confirmed as pure hexagonal covellite crystalline phase by powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD). HRTEM image showed CuS nanoparticle with particle sizes in the range 23.3–48.8 nm. The lattice fringes confirm polycrystalline nanoparticles with an interplanar distance of 0.24 nm that corresponds with the lattice plane (101) of hexagonal CuS. SAED patterns confirmed the crystallinity by showing two separate diffraction rings ascribed to (101) and (102) lattice planes of hexagonal CuS phase. The CuS nanoparticles exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) dyes degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effects of atomic defects on electronic properties, mechanical stability, and elemental diffusivity in CuS (or covellite) were investigated by first-principles calculations. The metallic CuS shows higher structural and mechanical stabilities compared to Cu x S phases. Strong covalent bonds in pristine CuS restrict the self-diffusion of Cu and S atoms; however, different band orientations in presence of atomic vacancies result in a high degree of self-diffusion. Specially, sulfur vacancies play a prominent role in increasing the diffusion of both Cu and S. Calculated self-diffusion coefficients between 100 °C and 150 °C are of the order of 10−6 cm2/s, comparable to experiments. Image, graphical abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper sulfide was prepared by a hydrothermal method at 130°C. The copper to sulfur molar ratio (6-10) and ageing time (24-72 h) were their synthesis parameters. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), UV-DR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In order to obtain monocopper sulfide, CuS, named as covellite, the molar recipe ratio of sulfur to copper should be less than 8 in any hydrothermal ageing time. The morphology showed spherical-like structure with energy band gap of 1.88-2.04 eV. CuS was tested for its photocatalytic degradation of paraquat under visible light irradiation. It exhibited excellent activities in the presence of H2O2. The kinetic of paraquat degradation was also investigated using Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW) model. The reaction rate constant was three times higher than TiO2 under the same studied conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Materials Science & Engineering (1673-2812) is the property of Journal of Materials Science & Engineering Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present work, we have successfully synthesized Bi2S3, CuS, and its heterojunction Bi2S3/CuS thin film on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass as counter electrodes. These depositions are done by simple, cost effective, and simply executable sequential chemical bath deposition (S-CBD) method. Well optimized preparative parameters led to the formation of good quality thin films of Bi2S3 and CuS films and heterojunction. The structural validation Bi2S3, CuS, and its heterojunction were achieved by X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering, surface morphological study observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and topology was confirmed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). We have employed Bi2S3/CuS heterostructure as a counter electrode (CE) in dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). We have observed different parameters like short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), Fill Factor (FF) and efficiency (n) by Current-voltage (J-V) characteristics. Though we do not achieve an anticipated outcome for heterostructure compared with conventional Platinum and Carbon black counter electrode, CuS separately found worthy as Counter electrode (CE) in DSSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of flash-lamp annealing (FLA) on the re-crystallization of thin films made of colloidal Cu2ZnSnS4 nanocrystals (NCs) is investigated by Raman spectroscopy. Unlike similar previous studies of NCs synthesized at high temperatures in organic solvents, NCs in this work, which have diameters as small as 2–6 nm, were synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions in aqueous solution using small molecules as stabilizers. We establish the range of FLA conditions providing an efficient re-crystallization in the thin film of NCs, while preserving their kesterite structure and improving their crystallinity remarkably. The formation of secondary phases at higher FLA power densities, as well as the dependence of the formation on the film thickness are also investigated. Importantly, no inert atmosphere for the FLA treatment of the NCs is required, which makes this technology even more suitable for mass production, in particular for printed thin films on flexible substrates.

Jie Sheng,1,2 Beibei Ma,1 Qian Yang,1 Chao Zhang,2 Zhongying Jiang,1,2 Entomack Borrathybay3 1College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Yili Normal University, Micro-nano Electric Sensing Technology and Bionic Devices Key Laboratory, Yining 835000, China; 2Physics School of Nanjing University, Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China; 3College of Biology and Geography Sciences, Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, Xinjiang, China Introduction: In recent years, near-infrared laser-induced photothermal therapy is being considered as a promising approach to kill tumors owing to its noninvasive nature and excellent antitumor efficiency. However, the lack of ideal photothermal agents hinders further development of this technology. Materials and methods: Aiming at solving this long-standing obstacle, we report here about the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-DA modified copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles (NPs) (PEG-DA-CuS NPs), a kind of semiconductor photothermal agents that show excellent photothermal stability and high heat conversion efficiency. Results and discussion: Owing to the surrounding PEG, the water solubility of CuS NPs was significantly improved when circulating in blood in the body. When the NPs reached the tumors and were irradiated by a 1,064 nm laser (1 W/cm2, 10 minutes), the local temperature increased above 90°C, triggering the retro Diels–Alder reaction. After the release of PEG chain, CuS NPs soon formed aggregates and enriched the tumor via the enhanced permeability and retention effect, promoting the efficacy of photothermal therapy. Conclusion: Therefore, we believe PEG-DA-CuS NPs are able to serve as a kind of cytotoxic and efficient photothermal agent to kill cancer. Keywords: CuS, PEG, retro Diels–Alder reaction, excellent photothermal stability, high heat conversion efficiency, aggregation in tumor

Xiangyang Cheng,1,* Dejian Li,2,* Aiqi Lin,3 Jun Xu,1 Liang Wu,1 Huijie Gu,1 Zhongyue Huang,1 Jiangyi Liu,1 Yiming Zhang,1 Xiaofan Yin1 1Department of Orthopedics, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201301, China; 3Department of Retired, Minhang Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201199, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Introduction: For an ideal drug delivery system, the outstanding drug-loading capacity and specific control of the release of therapeutics at the desired lesions are crucial. In this work, we developed a triple-responsive nanoplatform based on copper sulfide (CuS)-capped yolk-shell-structured periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (YSPMOs) for synergetic chemo-photothermal therapy. Methods: Herein, the YSPMOs were employed as a drug carrier, which exhibited a high doxorubicin (DOX) loading capacity of 386 mg/g. In this controlled-release drug delivery system, CuS serves as a gatekeeper to modify YSPMOs with reduction-cleavable disulfide bond (YSPMOs@CuS). CuS could not only avoid premature leakage in the delivery process, but also endowed the excellent photothermal therapy (PTT) ability. Results: Upon entering into cancer cells, the CuS gatekeeper was opened with the breaking of disulfide bonds and the DOX release from YSPMOs(DOX)@CuS in response to the intracellular acidic environment and external laser irradiation. Such a precise control over drug release, combined with the photothermal effect of CuS nanoparticles, is possessed by synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy for cancer treatment. Both in vitro and in vivo experimental data indicated that the synergistic effect of YSPMOs(DOX)@CuS showed efficient antitumor effect. In addition, low systemic toxicity was observed in the pathologic examinations of liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. Conclusion: This versatile nanoplatform combination of PTT, chemotherapeutics, and gating components shows general potential for designing multifunctional drug delivery systems. Keywords: periodic mesoporous organosilica, CuS, triple-responsive release, chemo-photothermal therapy

• CuS-AgVO 3 /Ag-TNR materials were fabricated via an ultra-sonication method. • AgVO 3 /Ag provides good stability, high conductivity and electron-storing capacity. • CuS acts as co-catalyst and suppress the charge carrier recombination. • CuS-AgVO 3 /Ag-TNR shows higher photocatalytic H 2 yield (756 µmol/g). • 1 wt% CuS-AgVO 3 /Ag-TNR heteronanostructure is stable for up to 15 h. Recently, the frenetic development of stable quaternary material with a wide range of solar energy absorption and separation of charge carrier has emerged as a favorable material for the solar-to-hydrogen conversion. In this work, quaternary CuS-AgVO 3 /Ag-TNR heteronanostructures (HNSs) synthesized by an ultra-sonication method for stabilized solar light photocatalytic hydrogen production in glycerol-water mixture. Among the prepared photocatalysts, the 1 wt% CuS-AgVO 3 /Ag-TNR HNS produced the highest H 2 activity (756 µmol/g), approximately 84 times greater than the TNR due to higher charge separation, excellent conductivity, plasmonic resonance effect, and electron-storing capacity. Interestingly, the accelerated charge transfer pathway through the Schottky junction between the AgVO 3 and Ag to the conduction band of the TNR and thereafter to the electron acceptor of CuS for the reduction of H+ ions to H 2. Additionally, a possible photocatalytic mechanism of CuS-AgVO 3 /Ag-TNR HNS for improved H 2 production was proposed based on the results obtained by various characterization techniques. Therefore, present research work explores the new insights to design high-performance CuS-AgVO 3 /Ag-TNR HNS material for the conversion of clean renewable H 2 energy for the futuristic transport applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid nanocomposites (HNCs) of polypyrrole (PPy) and CuS were synthesized by an in situ chemical polymerization method. The HNCs were prepared by varying the CuS nanoparticles weight percentage (10–40%) in PPy matrix. The XRD and FESEM characterization indicated the uniform distribution of CuS nanoparticles in PPy matrix. The XRD pattern revealed the presence of hexagonal CuS peaks overlapped with amorphous PPy pattern. Williamson Hall method was employed to estimate intrinsic strain in HNCs. FTIR spectrum revealed the shifting of 1025 cm−1 peak toward higher wavenumber, indicating insertion of CuS nanoparticles in PPy. The room temperature electrical conductivity of PPy is found to be increased from 1.15 × 10−1 to 3.70 S/cm as the content of CuS nanoparticles increases up to 40 wt% in HNCs. To explore the charge transport mechanism in HNCs,the conductivity was measured in the temperature range of 300–15 K. The measured conductivity data was analyzed with the help of Arrhenius model and 3d Mott's variable range hopping (VRH) model in the temperature range of 35–300 K. The approximate values of Mott's parameters at 300 K such as the density of states at Fermi level, average hopping distance and average hopping energy of HNCs were estimated as ~ 4×1024 cm−3eV−1, ~ 1.7 Å and ~ 10 meV respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper sulfide (CuS) is an attractive electrode material for batteries, thanks to its intrinsic mixed conductivity, ductility and high theoretical specific capacity of 560 mAh g−1. Here, CuS is studied as cathode material in lithium solid‐state batteries with an areal loading of 8.9 mg cm−2 that theoretically corresponds to 4.9 mAh cm−2. The configuration of the cell is LiLi3PS4[CuS (70 wt%) + Li3PS4 (30 wt%)]. No conductive additive is used. CuS undergoes a displacement reaction with lithium, leading to macroscopic phase separation between the discharge products Cu and Li2S. In particular, Cu forms a network of micrometer‐sized, well‐crystallized particles that seems to percolate through the electrode. The formed copper is visible to the naked eye. The initial specific discharge capacity at 0.1 C is 498 mAh g(CuS)−1, i.e., 84% of its theoretical value. The initial Coulomb efficiency (ICE) reaches 95%, which is higher compared to standard carbonate‐based liquid electrolytes for the same cell chemistry (≈70%). After 100 cycles, the specific capacity reaches 310 mAh g(CuS)−1. With the current composition, the cell provides 58.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 7 W kg−1, which is superior compared to other transition metal sulfide cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copper based derivatives such as CuO, CuS and CuSe2 nanostructures were synthesized employing hydrothermal growth for clean energy production. Three different unique morphologies of CuO, CuS and CuSe2 was observed respectively as hexagonal nanoplates, sharp edge rock like nanostructures and nanoflowers consists of well defined nanorods. Half cell electrochemical compartment was designed with the fabricated electrodes to explore oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. The highest electrochemical performance was interestingly achieved from cyclic voltametry (CV) profile for CuSe2 electrode as 1144 F/g at 10 mV/s which is quite high specific capacitance for metal selenide candidate and also the higher OER activity of CuSe2 electrode of 735 mA/g current density at 10 mV/s with low overpotential of 252 mV has been attained. The higher electron transportation mechanism and excellent stability was also achieved for copper selenide candidate that could be recommended as efficient OER active catalysts for future clean energy production applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar energy utilization is a promising strategy for the photocatalytic generation of H 2 from water. Herein, a CuS-modified ZnO rod/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/CdS heterostructure was fabricated via Cu-induced electrochemical growth with Zn powder at room temperature. The resulting powder revealed good interfacial bonding and promoted photoexcited carrier transport. The CuS nanoparticles played a pivotal role in enhancing visible-light responses and demonstrated excellent catalytic performance. A high visible-light photocatalytic H 2 generation rate of 1073 μmol h−1 g−1 was obtained from the CuS–ZnO/rGO/CdS heterostructure containing 0.23% CuS and 1.62% CdS. Increased photoexcited electron lifetimes, improved carrier transport rates, and decreased fluorescence intensities confirmed the synergistic effects of each of the components of the heterostructure. This study provides an innovative strategy for constructing multi-component heterostructures to achieve efficient visible-light H 2 evolution. Image 1 • A novel electrochemical growth strategy was developed to prepare CuS–ZnO/rGO/CdS. • A wide visible-light absorption band was introduced into the heterostructure. • CuS–ZnO/rGO/CdS exhibited an improved H 2 generation rate under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a mental illness which is harmful seriously to the society. This study investigated the effects of fluoxetine on the CNPase+ oligodendrocytes in hippocampus of the depressed rats to explore the new target structure of antidepressants. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were used to build chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) depressed model of rats. Then, the depressed rats were divided into the CUS standard group and the CUS + fluoxetine (CUS/FLX) group. The CUS/FLX group was treated with fluoxetine at dose of 5 mg/(kg·d) from the fifth week to seventh week. After 7 weeks CUS intervention, the sucrose preference of the CUS standard group was significantly lower than that of the control group and the CUS/FLX group. The stereological results showed that the total number of the CNPase+ cells in the CA1, CA3, and DG subfield of the hippocampus in the CUS standard group were significantly decreased, when compared with the CNPase+ cells in the control group. However, the total number of the CNPase+ cells in the CA1 and CA3 subfield of the hippocampus in the CUS standard group was significantly decreased when it compared with CNPase+ cells in the CUS/FLX group. Therefore, fluoxetine might prevent the loss of CNPase+ oligodendrocytes in CA1 and CA3 subfields of hippocampus of the depressed rats. The oligodendrocytes in hippocampus may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression. The current result might provide structural basis for the future studies that search for new antidepressant strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanostructured semiconductor, copper sulphide, CuS prepared by a mechanochemical synthesis in a large-scale operation industrial mill was modified by surfactant-assisted milling in a planetary mill. Surface modified CuS with cetrimonium bromide, and sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactants were characterised by particle size distribution and compared to mechanochemically synthesised CuS. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis confirmed the binding of surfactants to the CuS structure. Transmission electron microscopy has revealed that the particles composed of nanocrystallites are embedded in the surfactant matrix. Their optical properties were studied using ultraviolet–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopies. The optical band gap energies were determined to be 1.70 and 1.63 eV for CuS modified with cetrimonium bromide and sodium dodecyl sulphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material of CuS/polyvinyl alcohol-chitosan (CuS/PVACS) was prepared with a novel synthesis analysis. The crystallinity, morphological characteristics, and photocatalytic performance of the nano-materials were investigated by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy X-ray photoelectron, and UV–vis spectrophotometry. The band gap values (Eg) was found as 2.50, and 2.04 eV for CuS, and CuS/PVACS nano-catalyst, respectively. The photo-degradation amount of the malachite green solutions which were degraded by CuS/PVACS in the UV-irradiation in 60 min was above 96.51%. The antibacterial properties of the CuS/PVACS has been evaluated versus (G+/G-) bacteria. The results of antibacterial performance indicated that CuS/PVACS nanocomposites have bacteriostatic behavior versus Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas syringae , Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for the development of depression. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neural functions and exhibits antidepressant effects. However, studies on depression-related behavioral response to BDNF have mainly focused on the limbic system, whereas other regions of the brain still require further exploration. Here, we report that exposure to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) can induce depression-associated behaviors in mice. CUS could decrease total Bdnf mRNA and protein levels in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), which correlated with depression-related behaviors. A corresponding reduction in exon-specific Bdnf mRNA was observed in the DRN of CUS mice. Bdnf was highly expressed in 5- Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons from the DRN. Selective deletion of Bdnf in 5-HT neurons alone could not induce anhedonia and behavioral despair in male or female mice, as indicated by the unchanged female urine sniffing time and preference for sucrose/saccharin. However, it could increase the latency to food in female mice, but not in male mice as shown by novelty-suppressed food test. Nevertheless, enhanced stress-induced susceptibility is observed in these male mice as suggested by the decrease in female urine sniffing time, and for female mice by the reduced sucrose preference and increased immobility in forced swim test. Furtherly, total Bdnf mRNA levels in DRN were correlated with depression-related behaviors of female, but not male 5-HT neurons specific Bdnf knockout mice. Our results indicate that BDNF might act on 5-HT neurons to regulate depression-related behaviors and stress vulnerability in a sex-dependent manner. • Chronic unpredictable stress can induce depression-related behaviors. • BDNF expression is decreased by CUS in DRN. • Knockout of BDNF in 5-HT neurons induces different depression-related behaviors in male and female mice. • Knockout of BDNF in 5-HT neurons shows increased susceptibility to subchronic unpredictable stress in a sex-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposites of CdS@CuS heterostructures were synthesized applying a simple chemical procedure. The structural characteristics of resulting nanocomposites (1 − x)CdS–xCuS (x = 0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 1) samples were inferred applying synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope techniques. The optical characteristics were deduced from the UV–Vis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques. XRD phase identification revealed CuS having the hexagonal phase P 63/m m c, while CdS in two phases: cubic major phase F 4 ¯ 3 m and hexagonal minor phase P 63 m c. The phase percentage, the crystallite size, the lattice parameters and the ions coordinates of each phase are traced as a function of the alloying parameter (x). FTIR analysis revealed a change in the transmittance intensity of the vibration bands upon changing CdS/CuS ration in the nanocomposites matrix. UV–Vis absorption spectra were affected greatly by the ratio of CdS to CuS in the different composites. All composites materials exhibited two energy gaps lower than parent compounds. The PL emission of CdS sample is broader than CuS sample. The PL spectra of CdS@CuS nanocomposites samples revealed a broad emission with a redshift depending on the ratio between CdS and CuS in the matrix. All samples emitted UV, violet and blue colors, while CuS sample reveals UV and violet colors. The obtained properties of CdS@CuS nanocomposites, by changing the composition ratio, make them good candidates for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity and solar energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene, a novel two-dimensional (2D) multi-layer material, has drawn unusual interest as the microwave absorbers for electromagnetic energy attenuation. Synthetic MXene-based heterostructure composites via optimizing structure is an effective strategy to endow MXene materials with high-performance microwave absorption. This study reports the fabrication and investigation of the microwave absorption performance of a sandwich-like CuS/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene composites prepared by loading CuS nanoparticles onto 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x via a solvothermal method. The morphology and electromagnetic absorption properties of this composite were investigated and the results demonstrated that the CuS/Ti 3 C 2 T x composite with a heterolayered architecture displayed superior microwave absorption ability. With a 35 wt% filler loading in the paraffin matrix, the minimum reflection loss value reached −45.3 dB at a frequency of 7.3 GHz and the effective absorption bandwidth achieved a value as high as 5.2 GHz with a thickness of 2.0 mm. The enhanced microwave absorption performances can be ascribed to the cooperation of the conductive network, interface polarization, dipole polarization, multiple reflection and scattering. Therefore, the synthesized CuS/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene composites offer an efficient foundation for the design and utilization of other lightweight microwave absorbers. • A unique sandwich-like CuS/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene composite was successfully fabricated. • The microwave absorption of CuS/Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene composite was first reported and discussed. • The EM wave absorption mechanism was analysed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of fluoxetine treatment on CUS rat's behavior and the expression of endocannabinoid system-related genes, including CB1R (Cannabinoid receptor1), DAGLα (Diacylglycerol) and MAGL (Monoacylglycerol) in the hippocampus. Methods: In the present study, rats exposed to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) were treated with intraperitoneal injection of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) or saline for 14 days, and depression-like behaviors and the expression of Cannabinoid receptor1 (CB1R), Diacylglycerol lipase alpha (DAGLα) and Monoacylglycerol (MAGL) in the hippocampus were evaluated twenty-four hours after the last intraperitoneal injection. In addition, we knocked-down CB1R and DAGLα in the hippocampus of rats by lentivirus injection. After the finally intervention, rats were experienced behavior test and then sacrificed and the expression of CB1R and DAGLα in hippocampus were determined. Results: (1) CUS group induced significant depression-like behaviors. Rats in CUS group showed significant less time in the center field (P<0.05), decreased sucrose preference (P<0.05) and increased immobility time in forced swim test (P<0.01). In comparison with Sham, the rat in CUS group showed significant decreased sucrose preference (P< 0.01) and less center time (P<0.05) in open filed test, but increased freezing time in forced swim test (P<0.05); as well as the reduction of the expression of CB1R and DAGLα, increasing the expression of MAGL in the hippocampus. (2) The expression of CB1R and DAGLα in hippocampus of CUS group was down-regulated (P<0.05), and the expression of MAGL was up-regulated (P<0.05). Fluoxetine treatment reversed depressive-like behaviors and increased the expression of CB1R and DAGLα (P<0.05), decreased the the expression of MAGL in the hippocampus of CUS rat (P<0.05); (3) Rats in shCB1R + CUS + Flx and shDAGLα + CUS + Flx groups showed decreased sucrose preference (P<0.05), less center time (P<0.05) in open filed test and increased freezing time in forced swim test (P<0.05) than rats in scramble + CUS + Flx group. Conclusions: Fluoxetine treatment reversed depressive-like behaviors in rats exposed to CUS paradigm and restored the level of CB1R, DAGLα and MAGL1in the hippocampus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ankara University SBF Journal / Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi is the property of Ankara University SBF Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The CuS@reduced graphene oxide (CuS/RGO) hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized by facile hydrothermal method and used as a photoelectrode material in photovoltaic applications. In the hydrothermal route, RGO is formed by the reduction of GO with simultaneous formation of CuS/RGO nanocomposites. The CuS/RGO nanocomposites was investigated using powder XRD, TEM, HR-TEM, Raman, XPS, DRS UV–Vis spectroscopy, Photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD and TEM results suggest that CuS crystalline with individual spherical like homogeneous nanoparticles sizes in the range of 45–35 nm, which is distributed throughout the RGO sheets. We further construct the flexible photoelectrodes by using CuS and RGO and studied the photovoltaic performance. Photovoltaic parameters, such as short-circuit photocurrent density, open circuit voltage, fill factor and conversion efficiency were found to be 16 mA/cm2, 0.71 V, 70.1% and 7.81% respectively, for CuS/RGO photoelectrode. The improved photo conversion efficiency of CuS/RGO is due to enhancing the electronic injection ability and reducing the photogenerated charge recombination. These photovoltaic results indicate a simple methodology for the low cost and effortless synthesis of an alternative CuS/RGO photoelectrode in high performance photovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano CuS with different Cu to S ratio and also Mg‐doped nano CuS are prepared using a thermolysis procedure under nitrogen flows. The effect of changing copper to sulfur ratio in preparation of CuS under flowing nitrogen and also Mg‐doped CuS on the lattice parameters and crystallite size is studied using X‐ray diffraction data by applying the Rietveld profile method. Scanning electron microscope mapping is used to verify the distribution of different elements over undoped and doped CuS samples. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy spectra confirm that the structure of CuS is not altered by doping or changing of the Cu to S ratio. In order to examine the effect of changes of Cu to S or Mg doping on the absorption behavior of nano CuS, ultraviolet spectroscopy is used. The energy gaps of different samples are determined using Tauc's relation. The photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals that all samples exhibit violet and blue sub‐emissions except a CuS with Cu:S ratio 1:4 which also emits green sub‐emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ni/ZrO 2 catalyst doped with Ca and Ni/ZrO 2 were employed in the CO 2 methanation, a reaction which will possibly be used for storing intermittent energy in the future. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, reduction in situ), X-ray diffraction (XRD, reduction in situ and Rietveld refinement), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), temperature-programmed surface reaction, cyclohexane dehydrogenation model reaction, temperature-programmed desorption of CO 2 and chemical analysis. The catalytic behavior of these catalysts in the CO 2 methanation was analyzed employing a conventional catalytic test. Adding Ca to Ni/ZrO 2 , the metallic surface area did not change whereas the CO 2 consumption rate almost tripled. The XRD, XPS and EPR analyses showed that Ca+2 but also some Ni2+ are on the ZrO 2 surface lattice of the Ni/CaZrO 2 catalyst. These cations form pairs which are composed of oxygen vacancies and coordinatively unsaturated sites (cus). By increasing the number of these pairs, the CO 2 methanation rate increases. Moreover, the number of active sites of the CO 2 methanation rate limiting step (CO and/or formate species decomposition, rls) is enhanced as well, showing that the rls occurs on the vacancies-cus sites pairs. • Adding Ca to Ni/ZrO2, pairs of oxygen vacancies-cus sites are generated. • The C–O dissociation (rls) occurs on the oxygen vacancies-cus pairs. • Increasing the concentration of these pairs, the rls increases as well. • Increasing the concentration of these pairs, the CO2 methanation rate increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although transition metal sulfides have presented prospect in electrochemical sensing, their electrocatalytic performance still cannot meet the demands for practical applications due to the difficulties in mass transport and electron transfer. In this work, double-shelled CuS nanocages (2-CuS NCs) were prepared for enzyme-free ascorbic (AA) sensor through a Cu2O- templated method. The unique double-shelled hollow structure displayed large specific surface areas, ordered diffusion channels, increased volume occupying rate, and accelerated electron transfer rate, resulting in enhanced electrochemical dynamic. As a sensing electrode for AA, 2-CuS NCs modified glassy carbon electrode (2-CuS NCs/GCE) exhibited eminent electrocatalytic activity in terms of satisfying sensitivity (523.7 μA mM−1 cm−2), short response time (0.31 s), and low limit of detection (LOD, 0.15 μM). 2-CuS NCs look promising for analytical sensing of AA in electrochemical sensors thanks to its prominent electrocatalytic kinetics issued from double-shelled hollow porous structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin dielectric films are widely studied because of their applications in the field of micro-electronics. The basic and applied solid state research have resulted in the production of dielectric thin film components which are extensively used as computer memory, inductance coupling elements, in parametric circuits, wave isolators, in solar cells etc. The dielectric constant er and loss factor tan d are not absolute constants for an actual dielectric. Both these constants depends on many factors namely the temperature, the frequency, the magnitude of the alternating voltage, the humidity of air etc. The frequency dependence of tan d in thin film is a very important factor. In these view, in the present study CuxZn1-xS Nanocomposite thin films were prepared for various values of x, viz. 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 by SILAR method. The Capacitance and loss factor of all the films were measured using the instrument LCRZ Digital meter of model TH2816A TONGHUI for various temperatures ranging from 40-120°C in the steps of 10°C at different fixed frequencies viz. 1, 2, 5, and 10 kHz. Loss factor, Dielectric constant and A.C Conductivity were determined from the available methods. The variation of loss factor and dielectric constant with temperature and frequency were also studied. They show normal dependence with temperature and frequency. The search for new materials with low dielectric constant in the microelectronics industry has and will continue feverishly into the future as the demand of faster processing speeds increases. In the present study, the prepared films have low dielectric constant values so, it can be concluded that dielectric layers are used for the fabrication of both thin film capacitors and resistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the hydrothermal method was used for synthesising cellulose acetate (CA) templated nanorods like CuS fibres using vegetable extract (Brassica oleracea var. italica). These extracts act as a reducing agent in the presence of CA. Surprisingly, when the same reaction was carried out in the absence of CA and broccoli extract, structural morphology disappeared and was found as agglomerated. In the presence of cellulose templated extract mediated CuS has revealed as nanorods like fibres and was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscope analysis. Their crystallinity property of CuS nanoparticles (NPs) and cellulose templated biosynthesised CuS NPs was analysed and compared using X‐ray diffraction technique. The biological activities of the obtained product were examined for antibacterial assessment against two bacterial strains that include two‐gram negative strains (E.Coli and S. aureus). The nanostructured product found to exhibit excellent antibacterial agent against all the strains. Biosynthesised nanostructure showed its efficacy against A549 lung cancer cells which might attribute to a larger surface to volume ratio of nanorods like fibres. The authors observation suggest that CuS nanorods like fibres can significantly reduce the cell growth with IC50 value of 31.2 μg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Hole conducting, transparent CuS:ZnS thin films were produced via thermal evaporation. • A superior conductivity value of 1420 S/cm was obtained for (CuS) 0.49 :(ZnS) 0.51 films. • Proof-of-concept device of p+-(CuS) 0.49 :(ZnS) 0.51 /n-Si photodiodes were produced. • Photodiode exhibited an excellent photoresponsivity covering a wide spectral range. This study demonstrates the viability of the thermal evaporation method to produce transparent and highly conductive p-type (CuS) x :(ZnS) 1-x thin films by achieving the highest conductivity value (1.4 × 103 S/cm) reported in this field to date. This places it in direct comparison with n-type transparent conductors. Analysis through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) unveils nanocomposite structures comprising sphalerite ZnS, chalcocite Cu 2 S, and covellite CuS nanocrystals in the thin films. The study reveals that transmittance values at a wavelength of 550 nm vary from 84 % to 65 % based on the increasing CuS ratio, establishing thermal-evaporated (CuS) x :(ZnS) 1-x thin films as promising candidates for p-type transparent electrodes. Moreover, p+-(CuS) 0.49 :(ZnS) 0.54 /n-Si heterojunction photodiodes were also produced. The heterojunction diode exhibited excellent photo-response characteristics in a wide range of wavelengths between 325 and 1170 nm at zero-bias. The responsivity value of the photodiode was as high as 1.44 A/W at the peak wavelength of 912 nm (9.45 mW/cm2) with a high I on /I off ratio of 1.45 × 104. Besides, it was shown to have excellent detectivity, response time, and external quantum efficiency (EQE) values corresponding to 2.62 × 1012 Jones, 8.45 µs, and 244 %, respectively. Most of these values are superior to those even in commercial-grade photodiodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Photocatalytic activity of CuS NPs greatly improved upon immobilizing on PNIPAM. • CuS NPs with PNIPAM hydrogels enhance photothermal–photocatalytic performance. • Positive influence of the NIR-induced temperature increase is demonstrated. This study explores the synergistic effects of photothermal and photocatalytic properties by investigating CuS nanoparticles immobilized on poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) polymer. The photothermal-photocatalytic decomposition test of organic dye demonstrated a significant enhancement in photocatalytic activity upon immobilizing CuS on PNIPAM. The closer proximity of CuS nanoparticles, induced by the photothermal effect of CuS and PNIPAM shrinkage, led to improved heat generation and enhanced photocatalytic performance under simultaneous ultraviolet and infrared light irradiations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The surfactant type does not change the covellite CuS phase. • The particular morphology of CuS was transformed to the platelike CuS particles by adding the CTAB surfactant. • Spherical CuS//platelike CuS capacitor exhibited energy density of 25.62 Whkg-1 and power density of 1488 Wkg-1, respectively In this research, plate-like CuS particles were synthesized through a hydrothermal method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as surfactants. The effects of surfactant type and content on the structural, microstructural, and electrochemical properties were explored by the various characterization techniques. Single-phase CuS powders with a space group of P63/mmc were crystallized by decomposition of the copper-thioacetamide complex during hydrothermal treatment. The spherical morphology transformed into plate-like particles by adding the CTAB surfactant, while the PVP surfactant led to an agglomeration of small spherical nanoparticles. With adding the CTAB surfactant, the specific capacitance increased from 630 to 1806 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1, while it increased up to 1575 Fg−1 for the PVP surfactant. A symmetric capacitor was assembled on the base of spherical CuS nanoparticles as the negative electrode and the platelike CuS particles as the positive electrode. The CuS//CuS capacitor exhibited comparable electrochemical performance including an energy density of 25.62 Whkg−1 and a power density of 1488 Wkg−1, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The N -MPG/CuS flower-like/MXene was synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted method. • The N -MPG/CuS flower-like/MXene was used for the modification of screen-printed carbon electrode. • The modified electrode was used as an electrochemical sensor for the determination of nalbuphine. • The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 1.6 μM. Nalbuphine (NAL) is a drug with narcotic properties and analgesic effects, and its use has side effects such as drowsiness, nausea, and headache. Excessive use of this drug leads to death. Measuring NAL is important to ensure that the correct dose is administered to the patient and to avoid overdose or underdose. It is also important to monitor the patient's response to the medication and adjust the dosage if necessary. Additionally, measuring nalbuphine levels may be important in cases of suspected overdose or toxicity. In the present research, a very simple and cheap method based on screen-printed carbon electrodes coated with CuS flower-like and N -doped mesoporous graphene and MXene was constructed for the measurement of NAL. At first, the modifier was analyzed by SEM, EDS, and TEM methods. Then, the NAL measurement was done by cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. Results showed a good ability of the prepared sensor for measurement of NAL in the span of 5–150 μM, which reached a detection limit of 1.6 μM. The prepared sensor showed the capability of NAL measurement in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Various synthetic methods for metal sulfides are introduced and compared. • Performances, merits, and flaws of metal sulfides are summarized and commented. • Layered metal sulfides, MoS 2 , WS 2 and SnS 2 , are the most promising mercury sorbents. • Effects of gas ingredients on the performances of metal sulfides are summed up. • Mercury capture mechanisms for metal sulfides are outlined and discussed. Mercury is largely emitted into the atmosphere during fossil fuel combustion or gasification, which causes a long-term contamination problem and poses great threats to human health. Currently, novel metal sulfides have been extensively investigated in capturing gaseous mercury because of their intense Hg0 affinities, large mercury uptakes, and distinguished tolerance to sulfur dioxide. This article overviews the recent progress on elemental mercury capture by diverse metal sulfides, i.e., CuS, ZnS, pyrite-phase metal sulfides, layered metal sulfides, Bi 2 S 3 and In 2 S 3. CuS and ZnS show good performances in a narrow temperature range due to the poor thermal stability and the compact crystal structure, respectively. Bi 2 S 3 and In 2 S 3 are also active in Hg0 adsorption, however, their performances are still unsatisfactory. Most pyrite-phase metal sulfides show moderate Hg0 capture abilities likely due to their compact crystal structures. Loading pyrites onto carriers or creating S vacancies in pyrite lattices seem to be feasible pathways to improve their performances. MoS 2 and WS 2 attained via molten salt method significantly outperform the ones obtained via hydrothermal method at elevated temperatures due to the production of ample sulfur variances and chemisorbed oxygen. Incorporating heteroatoms and expanding the interlayer distance by ions intercalation are effective routes to further strengthen their performances probably due to promoted electron transfer and increased accessibility of active sites, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel CuS grafted PEDOT:PSS conducting paper-based electrochemical immunosensor has been successfully fabricated for the detection of EpCAM antigen. Electrical conductivity is further improved by doping the CuS@PEDOT:PSS/WP electrode with different organic solvents such as N,N-dimethyl formamide (DMF), N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMA), ethylene glycol (EG) and dimetyl sulfoxide (DMSO). It is observed that DMSO doped conducting paper shows the highest conductivity (6.1 × 10−2 S/cm) among all these solvents. This low cost, biodegradable electrochemical paper-based immunosensor (BSA/anti-EpCAM/EP) possesses a broad linear range from 0.01 pg/mL to 1000 ng/mL for EpCAM antigen detection. The immunosensor is found to have high sensitivity of 104.31 μA pg−1 mL. This conducting paper based immunosensor is further used to detect EpCAM antigen in human serum samples, thereby confirming a cost effective clinical tool over other costly conventional techniques. • An electrochemical paper-based immunosensor has been designed using CuS and PEDOT:PSS. • This low cost and flexible platform may be a promising candidate over other costly conventional electrodes. • It exhibits high sensitivity of 104.31 μA pg−1 mL in broad range of 0.01 pg/mL to 1000 ng/mL, for EpCAM detection. • The clinical applicability and validity has been checked with human serum sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption coupled with photocatalysis is a promising route to remove dyes from wastewater. Biochar was modified with S, CuS, and MgO (CuS–Mg/S-BC) through one-pot sulfurization to boost the adsorption and photocatalytic removal of rhodamine B (RhB). The abundant functional groups as well as vacant sites formed at the junction interface among S-doped biochar, CuS, and MgO favored RhB adsorption and photon capture, and this tight interface increased the separation and transfer of photoinduced e−-h+ pairs. Hence, CuS–Mg/S-BC exhibited greater removal efficiency than S-doped biochar, 2-CuS/S-BC (The biochar is loaded with 5 % CuS), and b-Mg/S-BC (The biochar is loaded with 5 % MgO). Langmuir and second-order models well described the adsorption isotherms and kinetics, respectively of CuS–Mg/S-BC composites. 2 b-CuS-Mg/S-BC (Biochar is loaded with both 5 % CuS and MgO) exhibited a removal efficiency of 95.70 % within 120 min, and q e estimated from the second-order model was 981.67 mg g−1. For a 220 mg L−1 RhB solution, the removal efficiency and the adsorption efficiency decreased from 95.70 % to 87.01 % and from 83.54 % to 76.17 %, respectively, after seven cycles. [Display omitted] • CuS–MgO/S-codoped biochar were derived from bagasse. • Removal efficiency of 2 b-CuS-Mg/S-BC was 95.70 % for 220 mg g−1 RhB solution. • Langmuir and second-order model well fitted with the adsorption isotherm and adsorption kinetic of CuS–Mg/S-BC, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stable and efficient CuS photocatalyst was elaborated by the facile hydrothermal route at 140 °C for various durations, from copper chloride (CuCl 2) and thiourea (SC(NH 2) 2) aqueous solutions. Characterization techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive of X-ray system (EDX) analysis, showed the formation of pure CuS nanomaterial. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) revealed that synthesized CuS exhibited a quick charge transfer at high frequencies and a diffusion or transport of ions from the electrolyte to the electrode surface at medium and low frequencies. Hall effect measurement indicated that all prepared CuS are a p-type semiconductors with a hole concentration on the order of 1020 cm−3. A decrease in the hole concentration with increasing heat treatment duration was observed and related to the healing of Cu vacancies. Transmittance and absorbance measurements showed that all samples interacted with light, exhibiting a prominent peak around 600 nm. Tauc method revealed an increase of the optical band gap values from 1.56 to 1.75 eV with the increment of heat treatment duration. Photocatalytic activity of CuS prepared at 140 °C for 16 h was determined by measuring the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light in the absence and presence of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The results demonstrate CuS as a stable and efficient photocatalyst and underscore its potential for application in wastewater purification processes. [Display omitted] • Hydrothermal synthesis of CuS nanomaterials. • Electrical and optical properties of CuS. • Growth mechanism of CuS by hydrothermal route. • Photocatalytic Activity of CuS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Morphology controlling has been considered as an important factor for constructing electrochemical catalysts with excellent catalytic activity as confirmed in recent studies. Herein we report a facile solvothermal method in synthesizing CuS@MoS2 nanocomposite with potentially high catalytic activity, of which different morphologies including nanorod (NR), hierarchical hollow nanosphere (HHNS) and solid nanosphere (SNS) can be simply tuned by solvent polarity and template‐precursor ratio. The morphological variation of these composites is believed as a result of the competition between overall free energy and surface free energy. The alternation in composite morphology finally causes a difference of electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2 RR) activities among NR, HNNS and SNS, in which a low onset potential (‐0.35 V vs. RHE) and excellent cycling stability can be achieved. Our results demonstrate a large potentiality of CuS@MoS2 nanohybrid to be applied in CO2 RR once its morphology can be controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuS/CdS(H)/CdS(C) photocatalysts were synthesized via the hydrothermal method by employing thiourea, Cd(CH 3 COO) 2 ·3H 2 O and copper 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate MOF (CuBDC). The photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, TEM and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra. Interestingly, hexagonal CdS (CdS(H)) and cubic CdS (CdS(C)) were formed with phase junctions in one step when CuBDC was introduced in the synthesis process, in addition, CuS nanoparticles were deposited on CdS. However, only hexagonal CdS was obtained without CuBDC. It demonstrated that CuBDC was not only the precursor of CuS but also the structural modifier for CdS. With the reduction of re-combination of photo-induced electrons and holes caused by phase junctions and the enhancement of visible-light absorptions due to the loading of CuS, all CuS/CdS(H)/CdS(C) photocatalysts had higher photocurrent densities under visible-light irradiation, and consequently the higher rates of H 2 production than pure CdS(H). Typically, the catalyst with 2.89 wt% of Cu showed a highest rate of H 2 evolution at 2042 μmol/g/h. Image 1 • Cu-MOF acts as structural modifier leading to formation of CdS(H)/CdS(C) phase junction. • CdS(H)/CdS(C) with phase junction has narrower band gap than pure CdS(H). • Deposited CuS enhances the light absorption in the region between 550 nm and 800 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Free-standing carbon nanotube films (CNTF) with entangled carbon nanotubes (CNT) were used as conductive supports for the preparation of CuS–ZnS/CNTF composite as immobilized photocatalysts for H 2 production. The surface morphology, crystalline property, surface chemistry, and optical properties of the CuS–ZnS/CNTF photocatalysts were investigated. The effects of forming CuS–ZnS heterojunction and conductive CNTF on the separation of photogenerated charges and photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of CuS–ZnS/CNTF photocatalysts were evaluated by the photocatalytic hydrogen production tests. Conductive CNT films can prevent the recombination of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. The deposition of CuS nanoparticles on the ZnS/CNTF leads to higher photocatalytic activity which can be attributed to the effective electron–hole separation. Introducing ZnS and CuS makes the photocatalyst surface more hydrophilic. The porous structure contributed to the effective contact between the sacrificing agents and the photocatalysts, leading to enhanced H 2 production activity. • Free-standing carbon nanotube film (CNTF) were used to make immobilized photocatalysts. • Introducing ZnS and CuS makes the photocatalyst surface more hydrophilic. • The improved H 2 production activity results from the enhanced charge separation. • The activity was improved by forming CuS–ZnS heterojunction on conductive CNTF. • The porous structure and the hydrophilic nature enhance the contact between the sacrificing agents and the photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flower-shaped CuS as a p-type gas-sensing material was synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method in this study. Morphology, structure, and chemical composition of the synthesized CuS gas-sensing material were analyzed by SEM, XRD, XPS, and N2 adsorption adsorption–desorption technique. Gas-sensing properties of the as-prepared CuS sensors were also investigated toward ethanol monitoring. The results showed that the flower-like CuS nanostructures consisted of interconnected nanosheets and exhibited good crystallinity. With the increase in ethanol concentration, the sensitivity of the CuS sensor significantly increased and indicated a roughly linear relationship at the optimal operating temperature of 260 °C. The ethanol-selective characteristics of the CuS sensor against other interfering gases including methanol, benzene, dichloromethane, and hexane were studied, and the gas response of the CuS sensor synthesized at 170 °C toward 100 ppm ethanol was 5.22, which was significantly higher than all the other gases. Moreover, 14-day continuous measurement further confirmed the excellent stability of the CuS sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two kinds of 3D hierarchically nanostructured CuS samples were synthesized via hydrothermal method and studied as photocatalysts for H2 evolution. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (EF‑SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize the samples. The rate of H2 evolution over CS1 sample is 459.8 μmol g–1 h–1, which is 9.4 times higher than that over CS2. CuS shows excellent photocatalytic H2 evolution activity only with Na2S and Na2SO3 as holes sacrificial agent. The transient photovoltage (TPV) measurement was used to study the surface photoelectric properties of the samples. Based on the photovoltage response, the influence of the transfer characteristics of photogenerated charge carriers on photocatalytic activity is discussed. The results indicate that the charge separation efficiency of CS1 is higher than that of CS2. The photogenerated charge carriers life time of CS1 is longer than that of CS2; this is the main reason of the higher photocatalytic activity of CS1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the synthesis of nanocomposite namely n-type CeO 2 /p-type CuS heterojunctions as adsorbent/photocatalysts by electrospinning and hydrothermal methods with a low band gap. Photo-degradation of MB at various time under visible light radiation (LED) for calculating Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) kinetics used. The influence of the operational parameters such as are pH, concentration of MB, amount of photocatalyst, and irradiation time investigated. Composite of n-type CeO 2 /p-type CuS heterojunctions as adsorbent/photocatalysts were successfully synthesized based on electrospinning technique, calcination and hydrothermal methods following growth of CuS nanostructures on the primary CeO 2 nanofibers, while laterally were characterized by FE-SEM, EDS, XRD, DRS and FT-IR. Present composite in aqueous solutions was applied for methylene blue (MB) degradation was investigated under visible light radiation (LED). DRS analysis illustrates that CeO 2 /CuS n–p heterojunction exhibited enhanced absorption in the visible region with band gap of 2.55. Under optimal conditions (3.0 mg L−1 MB, 1 g L−1 of CeO 2 /CuS dosage and 40 min irritation time at pH of 6.0) lead to 89.80% photocatalytic decomposition of MB. The CeO 2 /CuS composite nanofiber as photocatalyst exhibited enhanced visible-light absorption and reduced charge recombination, as compared to bare CeO 2 ribbon-like nanofibers, due to the interfacial charge transfer effect among the CuS species and CeO 2. The first-order kinetics based on Langmuir–Hinshelwood (L–H) model was able for effective fitting empirical data, while its rate constant (k obs), L–H rate constants (k r) and L–H adsorption constants (K A) were 0.0625 min−1, 0.157 mg min−1 L and 0.24 L mg−1 by CeO 2 /CuS in optimum condition. The reusability of CeO 2 /CuS composite is relatively undesirable in view of the recycling of photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper sulfide (CuS) was prepared by co-precipitation process at low temperature and atmospheric pressure without any additive while Cu(NO3)2 and thioacetamide were used as copper and sulfide sources, respectively. The effects of concentration, time, temperature, molar ratio of sulfur to copper and the pH of reaction system on the morphology of CuS were investigated. Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous was employed to evaluate the photocatalysis and adsorption performances of the samples. The results showed that a pure hexagonal CuS has been successfully synthesized. Samples were demonstrated multifunctional of adsorption and photocatalysis under visible-light, which improved the degradation performance of high-dye wastewater. The degradation efficiency of RhB (20 mg L−1) was 99% in 120 min; when a small amount of H2O2 was used, 99% of RhB in high (50 mg L−1) wastewater can be removed within 60 min. This study provides a green preparation to choose for CuS with hollow spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of the College Of Basic Education is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Metal sulfides have received considerable attention for efficient sodium storage owing to their high capacity and decent redox reversibility. However, the poor rate capability and fast capacity decay greatly hinder their practical application in sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, an elegant multi‐step templating strategy has been developed to rationally synthesize hierarchical double‐shelled nanoboxes with the CoS2 nanosheet‐constructed outer shell supported on the CuS inner shell. Their structure and composition enable these hierarchical CuS@CoS2 nanoboxes to show boosted electrochemical properties with high capacity, outstanding rate capability, and long cycle life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, nanosheet-shaped CuS (NS CuS) is successfully grown on carbon cloth (CC) by a two-step route in combination with electrodeposition and hydrothermal treatment via in situ sulfidations of Cu 2 O and Cu with exposure to thiourea at 120 °C or 24 h. Transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry are performed to characterize the microstructure, morphology, composition, and crystal structure of the NS CuS CC samples. The electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the synthesized NS CuS CC electrocatalysts possess outstanding oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance and superior long-term durability in 1 M KOH electrolyte. In particular, the NS CuS CC synthesized via the electrodeposition process at an applied current of 1.5 mA shows a low overpotential for the OER (358 mV at 10 mA/cm2), which is close to that of commercial IrO 2 (346 mV at 10 mA/cm2). The exceptional OER property is ascribed to the NS CuS having a large surface area to offer abundant reaction active sites and to the CC network structures supplying more ions and charge transfer channels during the electrocatalytic process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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