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We map the lensing-inferred substructure in the first three clusters observed by the Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields Initiative (HSTFF): Abell 2744 (z = 0.308), MACSJ0416, (z = 0.396) and MACSJ1149 (z = 0.543). Statistically resolving dark-matter subhaloes down to ~10^{9.5} solar masses, we compare the derived subhalo mass functions (SHMFs) to theoretical predictions from analytical models and with numerical simulations in a Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) cosmology. Mimicking our observational cluster member selection criteria in the HSTFF, we report excellent agreement in both amplitude and shape of the SHMF over four decades in subhalo mass (10^{9-13} solar masses). Projection effects do not appear to introduce significant errors in the determination of SHMFs from simulations. We do not find evidence for a substructure crisis, analogous to the missing satellite problem in the Local Group, on cluster scales, but rather excellent agreement of the count-matched HSTFF SHMF down to M_{sub halo}/M_{halo} ~ 10^{-5}. However, we do find discrepancies in the radial distribution of sub haloes inferred from HSTFF cluster lenses compared to determinations from simulated clusters. This suggests that although the selected simulated clusters match the HSTFF sample in mass, they do not adequately capture the dynamical properties and complex merging morphologies of these observed cluster lenses. Therefore, HSTFF clusters are likely observed in a transient evolutionary stage that is presently insufficiently sampled in cosmological simulations. The abundance and mass function of dark matter substructure in cluster lenses continues to offer an important test of the LCDM paradigm, and at present we find no tension between model predictions and observations., Comment: 20 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication, in press, MNRAS, replaced with added author affiliations and added reference

An implantable material based on titanium (Ti6Al4V) was sandblasted in order to be deposited with a thin film of hydroxyapatite. Two samples of the alloy, in a shape of a bar with 10 mm diameter and 20 mm length, were subjected to mechanical treatment. After deposition of the hydroxyapatite through electrophoresis process, the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The nature and chemical properties of thin films formed on Ti-based substrate were investigated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy based on the extremely high polarization resistance of the material. The results revealed the formation of a homogeneous layer on the surface of the metallic substrate. The layer composed of TiO2 and hydroxyapatite provided a high corrosion protection.

How are concepts such as ethnic identity, acculturation and cultural orientation being perceived by a child? What is the process of identity construction in early preschool age? How is children’s wellbeing affected by parents’ desire to expose them to a certain culture, other than the one the children were born into? How natural is learning a foreign language for children, given a multiethnic space characterized by adversity and disparities such as “them”- -“us”? And what are the potential outcomes of the phenomena in question? These are a few questions that the current study refl ectively followed up upon by using a qualitative research design and data triangulation in order to increase its validity. The SDQ Questionnaire used to study the children’s wellbeing, the semi-structured “in-depth” interviews conducted on the main early preschool identity builders in the Cristian community and the participative observation indicated the children were proud to be part of the German department group. They did not undergo a brutal process of affi liation to the Saxon ethnicity due to the educators’ various compromises, and their wellbeing didn’t seem to be affected at the SDQ administration stage. However, learning German proved to be a diffi cult process and the two potential outcomes included hitting the language barrier or resuming adaptation to the native ethnic code. This study highlights the impact of the cultural code on the early identity foundation.

This paper presents an application of plantwide control strategy for a complex process, like catalytic cracking process. The plantwide control strategy assists the engineer in determining how to choose the best manipulated, controlled and measured variables in the plant, when is using advanced control techniques such MPC. The result of applying plantwide control to catalytic cracking process is a hierarchical control structure, which is organized on three levels, with two advanced control techniques for the second level. From economic point of view, the development and the implementation a hierarchical control structure for the catalytic cracking process is leading to increase plant efficiency.

Electric power fuels the entire economy its status and issues being a constant preoccupation of both governments and industries. This paper analyzes the structure and size of the energy resources in Romania in order to enlighten how the national resources are covering the needs of primary energy production. It is also studied the structure of electricity production at the national level. The analysis revealed the need to enhance energy production and the potential of renewable energy sector to contribute to this which justifies the growth of interest for such energy sources.

The paper presents the CO2 laser absorption spectroscopy (CO2LPAS) techniques as an effective tool for sensitive analysis of ethylene in human breath. Breath analysis is non-invasive method to monitor the disease states and evolution using biomarkers. Breath ethylene as a breath biomarker of oxidative stress was determined in the exhaled breath of subjects with type-2 diabetes and a healthy control group using a CO2LPAS system. Characterization of the CO2LPAS, and the selection of the ethylene absorption lines are described. All subjects involved in this study were subjected to breath analysis for determining the concentration of ethylene and blood tests to determine glucose levels and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Breath ethylene was found in high concentration in diabetics compared to healthy subjects and higher in subjects with type-2 diabetes with health complications. The data obtained by the CO2LPAS system suggest the involvement of oxidative stress in the complications of diabetes, revealing that the increased breath ethylene has a close relationship with high glucose levels, as observed by the HbA1c levels. The CO2LPAS system present a high sensitivity and high selectivity with fast measurement and can be used to monitor the molecular changes in diabetic subjects by measuring breath ethylene concentrations.

PreXDR and XDRTB (second line injectables SLI+/-fluoroquinolone FQ added to HR resistance) is a crucial Romanian issue since TB group 5 medicines are accessible only through donor-funded programs. 35 patients were hospitalized in 6 months (July 2015–Feb 2016).Most were middle age males (68.5%, 45.7 ys), from rural area (75%). 34 patients had pulmonary TB-1 new case,4 relapses,29 failures to individualized treatment;1 had new extrapulmonary XDRTB (hepatic and splenic abscess). Previous period of treatment was 3.4 ys in average.All pts had a drug sensitivity test,registering preXDR SLI(5.7%),preXDR FQ(11.4%) and XDR (82.9%). 4 patients had previous surgical treatment (lobectomy, pneumonectomy).Comorbidities associated with decrease imunity were HIV, diabetes, neoplasia. Treatment regimen associated moxifloxacine(100%),SLI(capreomicine 88.5%,kanamicine 5.7%,amikacine 2.8%), second line TBdrugs (cycloserine 82.9%,prothionamide 65.7%,PAS 5.7%) and group 5 TB drugs (linezolid 97,1%,clofazimine 100%, imipenem+cilastatin 85.7%, amoxicilina+clavulanat 85.7%, bedaquiline 22.4%). We notified some adverse events such as digestive problems, liver cytolysis, peripheral neuropathy.No QTc prolongation was registered at bedaquiline treated group. If we considere only the contagious patients at hospital admission,78.2% became smear negative,after 2 months of treatment.At 3 months of treatment, 48,4% were culture negative. These first stage encouraging results may become evidence to support the stakeholders to insure availability of group 5 medicines as XDR TB is a Romanian recognized milestone public health problem.

Using adiabatic high-resolution numerical simulations we quantify the effect of the streaming motion of baryons with respect to dark matter at the time of recombination on structure formation and evolution. Formally a second order effect, the baryonic stream velocity has proven to have significant impact on dark matter halo abundance, as well as on the gas content and morphology of small galaxy clusters. In this work, we study the impact of stream velocity on the formation and gas content of haloes with masses up to $10^9 M_{\odot}$, an order of magnitude larger than previous studies. We find that the non-zero stream velocity has a sizable impact on the number density of haloes with masses $\lesssim$ few $\times 10^7 M_{\odot}$ up to $z=10$, the final redshift of our simulations. Furthermore, the gas stream velocity induces a suppression of the gas fraction in haloes, which at z=10 is $\sim 10 \%$ for objects with $M\sim10^7M_{\odot}$, as well as a flattening of the gas density profiles in the inner regions of haloes. We further identify and study the formation, in the context of a non-zero stream velocity, of moderately long lived gas dominated structures at intermediate redshifts $10 < z < 20$, which Naoz and Narayan have recently proposed as potential progenitors of globular clusters., 15 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to MNRAS

The structure of small Rhn (n = 1-10) clusters and corresponding Rh-oxide (RhnOm) clusters (n = 1-4; m = 1-9) supported on a stoi¬chiometric CeO2(111) surface has been investigated using density functional theory correct¬ed for on-site Coulombic interactions (DFT+U) with the goal to identify a realistic model for Rh/CeO2-based CO oxidation catalysts. Rhn clusters on ceria prefer to adopt a three-dimensional morphology. The adsorption of oxygen leads to the reconstruction of such clusters into a two-dimensional Rh-oxide film. The stability of RhnOm species is determined by evaluating the reaction energy for the stepwise oxidation of Rhn, which is to be com¬pared with data for the experimental fresh catalysts. It is found that with increasing cluster size the surface oxide phase becomes increasingly stable against the isolated RhO3 form under oxidative conditions. The Helmholtz free energy change for RhnOm clusters with varying m was determined for the reduction by CO and oxidation by O2. In this way, it was found that Rh-oxide species are more stable than the corresponding pure Rh clusters when supported on CeO2(111). This suggests that the active site for CO oxidation is a Rh surface-oxide.

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We model monomeric vanadia adspecies on the CeO2(111) surface of composition VOn·Ce12O24 (n = −1, 0, ..., 4) using the DFT+U approach and statistical thermodynamics. At low oxygen pressure (10−9 atm), VO4 is the most stable species below 400 K; in the 400−900 K range, VO2 is stable; and above 900 K, VO becomes stable. In all of these systems, vanadium is stabilized in the +5 oxidation state. Using the energies of hydrogenation and oxygen vacancy formation as reactivity descriptors, we predict an enhanced reactivity of the vanadia/ceria system in Mars−van Krevelen-type oxidation reactions. At the origin of this support effect is the ability of ceria to stabilize reduced states by accommodating electrons in localized f states. We also calculate the frequencies of the normal vibrational modes of the supported VOn species and their infrared intensity.

Breast cancer is among the most common forms of cancer. The molecular mechanisms involved in hormone dependence of breast cancer have been largely investigated. The role of the estrogen and progesterone receptors has been documented, but the role of androgen receptor is less well known. A great part of the researches is focused on identifying the gene profile for disease predisposition, as well as the gene profiles characteristic to different stages of the disorder. Gene instability is the result of a minor alteration at the level of the microsatellites from the genomic DNA sequence. Changes of the stability of microsatellites are considered markers in the colon cancer and in different types of solid tumors. Breast cancer samples were analyzed to determine the existence of several polymorphisms in the structure of the genes that code for hormone receptors such as estrogen, progesterone and androgen receptors. The following tandem repeats were sized by gel electrophoresis: CA for ER-α, TA for ER-β and CAG for androgen receptor, together with PROGINS polymorphism. Correlated with the stage of malignancy it was noticed that majority of cases with a higher number of CAG repeats as well as those who had the allele of 481 bp in PROGINS segment were in stage III or IV, with invasive ductal carcinoma and a severe prognosis. It was also noticed that polymorphisms of estrogen receptors genes may be correlated with a severe prognosis, but due to the low number of samples, no ferm conclusions could be drawn.

The international literature reveal numerous debates on sustainability of EU Cohesion Policy, among this debates another issues is reveal the absorption capacity of member state. According to the objectives of Cohesion Policy the financial programmes will contribute to economical growth, absorption of best available technology, create an attractive business environment and jobs. More than 30% of the regional policy budget for 2007-2013, €105 billion will be invested in the "green economy”. The paper synthesis the main aspects of cohesion policy and analyses the investment in green economy.

EU is among the communities recognized for their high environmental profile. This could be surprising for an informal recycler from Nigeria and Ghana who regularly receives out of use computers from EU member states and lights up open fires to recover materials. Departing from this paradox the paper attempted to build up a framework for the analysis of e-waste management options. E-waste is the fastest growing waste stream in Europe, although waste generation in general is an important environmental concern. There are huge differences among member states, although the hierarchies could vary a lot. The European waste policy framework is quite well developed with a strong branch for WEEE. Nevertheless, most of WEEE is dumped in third world countries. The initiative of several companies to build up a European Recycling Platform is an important step to improve effectiveness in e-waste management. The widespread use of the shipment business solution is however evidence that it is still not cost effective. The analysis of the typology and spatial patterns of waste generation, the current waste policy framework, the main waste management practices employed in case of WEEE, and the business solutions resulted in a number of observations. Among these, we stress the urgent need for improved data collection procedures, reporting guidelines and development of simple and effective control tools.

The European model of development can not be based on the improper use of natural resources and the deterioration of our environment. In the last decades the EU environmental policy has evolved from measures such as pollution limitation, to measures that identify causes and institutes financial responsibilities for the damage.

The idea of integrating the concept of sustainable development concept into the sectorial policies has been promoted in June 1998, at the European council from Cardiff, when a number of economic sector have been proposed for integrated approaching. The paper analyses the main operational objectives of integration the environment policy into the energy policy as well as instruments by which can achieve theses objective, respectively horizontal policy and sectorial policy.

Density functional theory has been used to perform a systematic study of the adsorption of NO on the Rh(1 0 0) surface. A detailed discussion about the structural configurations, work functions, and the frequency modes for all the adsorption sites at several coverages is given. NO has possibly two adsorption sites. NO is found to adsorb in bridge sites at all coverages. A highly inclined NO is present on the surface at low coverages, with a stability close to the NO adsorbed in bridge position. The activation barrier for tilting NO from the inclined to the bridge position is low. A discussion of partial density of states and charge density differences for the stable positions is given. The calculated intensity of the stretching vibration of NO adsorbed in bridge is much higher than the one corresponding to the stretching vibration of NO adsorbed in inclined position. At NO saturation coverage theory predicts various vibrational modes. A discussion about the way in which they might appear is given.

Introduction: XDR-TB is widely considered a serious threat to global TB control. Despite efforts during the past decade, the XDR-TB incidence rate reaches high values in many countries. In Romania the XDR-TB prevalence rate among MDR-TB patients was 5.4% in 2010. Aim: A retrospective study to evaluate the demographic and clinic profile of patients diagnosed with XDR-TB in 2010. Material and method: The data was extracted from the electronic National TB Register and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007. Results: A total of 27 XDR-TB cases was reported in 2010, 17(63%) males and 10(37%) females, the mean age was 40±13.5years (range 19-64 years); 4 patients were new cases. The majority of them came from urban resident. All had pulmonary TB and positive culture samples at diagnosis. Almost half were screened for HIV co-infection, none of them positive. Chest X-ray showed cavitations in 20(74%) cases. The time to culture conversion was 4.8 months, but in 12 cases cultures were maintained positive. The average duration of treatment was 19±7.3 months. The individualized treatment was started with 6 or 7 drugs and was relatively well tolerated by all patients. Treatment outcome was successfully in 8(29.6%), died in 4(14.8%) and failed in 15(55.6%)patients. Females had more likely to experience death than males, and contrary to our expectations, the young were more likely to die than the elderly. Conclusion: XDR-TB has become a threat for the TB control in Romania, because the mortality was almost invariably increased among these cases. A poorer prognosis and fewer treatment options suggest that a safe and more effective treatment regimens are still needed.

Summary The rates of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (X/MDRTB) in the Baltic countries are the highest within the European Union hampering recent achievements of national TB control programmes. We included all consecutive culture-confirmed X/MDRTB patients registered for treatment in 2009 in Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia into this multicenter case–control study. Cases were compared with randomly selected controls with non-MDRTB registered for treatment in the same year across these sites. Of 495 MDRTB patients, 243 (49.7%) showed resistance to at least one second-line drug, 206 (42.1%) had pre-XDRTB (i.e. MDRTB with additional resistance to a second-line injectable or fluoroquinolones) and 64 (13.1%) had XDRTB. Younger age, male gender and known contact with an MDRTB case were associated with increased risk of primary infection with X/MDRTB strains. Previous treatment and alcohol abuse were strong predictors for MDRTB acquisition; defaults and failures in the past triggered XDRTB development. All patients received appropriate therapy; less than half of the patients were fully adherent. An erroneous treatment strategy is unlikely to drive resistance development. Increasing patients' compliance, addressing issues of social support, rapid detection of drug resistance and improving infection control is crucial for prevention of further spread of X/MDRTB and achieving higher cure rates.

Worldwide, although the incidence of the sensitive/susceptible tuberculosis diminished, the number of drug resistant tuberculosis is growing. The bacteriological diagnosis, genetic and phenotypic, becomes essential for the epidemic control. The resistance appears as a phenotypic expression of mutations from M. tuberculosis genome. The mutations that appear for Rifampicin are in region rpoB, for Isoniazid in region katG and inhA, for Ethambutol-embB, Quinolone-gyrA, Aminoglicozid and Cyclical Peptides-rrs. To follow the concordance of results of drug sensitivity test (DST) through phenotypic and genetic method, we analyzed a group of 40 patients with TB-DR. We performed drug susceptibility testing on Lowenstein-Jensen medium according to the instructions of the manufacturer. The strains were tested indirect genetic too, Genotype MTBDR plus forl INH and RIF and Genotype MTBDRsl for the second line drugs. The concordance between genetic method and the phenotypic method is 95%, 5% from the patients have different sensitivity to INH and RIF, butphenotypical they are resistant, meaning that they have other mutations undetected by the strip. The most common mutation in region rpoB is MUT3 (52%) associating the absence of band W8. Mutations in the region rpoB MUT1 and MUT2A are 12.5%, and 15% respectively. For high resistance to INH, the mostcommon isMUT1 forkatG 95% and forlow resistance to INHMUTI from region inhA-30%. For the second line drugs, the most frequent concordance between genetic method andphenotypic method is for EMB, of 30%, geneticallyspeaking the strains display no mutation in region embB, but are resistantin phenotypic method. For FQ, KAN, AMKand CAP the concordance between the two methods is of 100% to all tested strains. In conclusion, genetic methods have high sensitivity, they are fast and shorten significantly the diagnosis time.

For the screening of yeast and fungal strains with lipolytic potential from Chem. Pharm. Res. Institute Culture Collection, we employed a sensitive agar plate method, using a suitable medium supplemented with CaCl2 and Tween 80. By determination of the opacity areas developed around the colonies of lipolytic microorganisms consisting of calcium soaps, the good lipase producing strains were selected. Candida lipolytica CPhI-50 and Hansenula anomala CPhI-23 from the yeast strains and Rhizopus nigricans CPhI-Rn-8, Aspergillus oryzae CPhI-20-9 and Aspergillus niger CPhI-8-N-9 from the fungal strains were good lipase producers. When these strains were submerged cultivated on modified GYP medium, Candida lipolytica CPhI-50 and Aspergillus oryzae CPhI-20-9 had the highest yield of lipase in the medium at the end of the bioprocess. Also, we determined the pH dependence of lipase activities from the good producing strains, and we found that these enzymes exhibited various pH sensitivities, dividing them into three groups: I. lipase active at pH 5.0–6.5 produced by Candida lipolytica CPhI-50. II. lipase active at pH 6.5–7.5 produced by Hansenula anomala CPhI-23 and Rhizopus nigricans CPhI-Rn-8. III. lipase active at pH 7.5–8.5 produced by Aspergillus oryzae CPhI-20-9 and Aspergillus niger CPM-8-N-9. By screening at 50 °C and pH 8.5 we identified a thermostable semialkali-tolerant lipase produced by Aspergillus niger CPhI-8-N-9).

Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) is growing quickly in its applications to real world problems—one of the problems is to prevent obesity—being a candidate technology for breath analysis applications. The ongoing paper is aiming to investigate the evaluation of oxidative stress in womens practicing Kangoo Jumps (KJ) aerobics. Because it is not possible to directly measure free radicals in the body, we approach that by measuring the by-products (breath ethylene) that result from free radical reactions. We found out that the mixture of exhaled breath in women's after the KJ exercises contains low concentration of ethylene compared to the exhaled breath of the women before the start of exercise program. This result can add valuable information to the contribution to reduce the generation of prooxidants during and after KJ aerobics.

The main objective of the European economical community treaty was to remove the economical barriers between the European member states. For this purpose, the treaty established the single market which has at the base of its function the fourth liberties: the free movement of goods, persons, services and capitals. The free movement of goods from a European member state to another member state of EU imply the elimination and the interdiction of custom duties and other taxes with an equivalent consequence and the interdiction of quantitative restrictions to the good exchanges and other measures with equivalent consequence to these restrictions between the member states. So, because of the fact that the single market means the meeting place of supply with demand concerning a product, this means that it is not necessary to impose limits or conditions to the entrance of product on the national market of a member state. These limits or conditions could be represented by the custom duties or other taxes. But, these are not the only obstacles in front of a product entrance on a market. The member states, through the adopted legislation for national markets protection, could alter the movement of goods in a way which could reduce the economical activity, without, at first sight, this could be discriminating. Although, the Treaty permits the restriction of the free movement of goods in order to protect of that values which are recognized by the community law, such as protection of environment, health or consumers.

In the legislation of countries in the system of ″common law″, the commission contract is brought under regulation differently, depending on the principle that has been adopted, regarding the extent to which it is permitted the establishment of certain legal effects in the relationships between the principal and a third party. Given this criterion, the following legislations were defined: the legislations of countries in the "common law″ system, the legislations of French influence and those who have completed the merger of commercial law and civil law (Italian Civil Code of 1942 and the Swiss Code of Obligations). Through this work we tried to achieve a comparative study on the effects of the commission contract from the perspective of the legislations of countries belonging to the ″common law″ system and the French influence legislation.

Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) has emerged over the last decade as a very powerful investigation technique, capable of measuring trace gas concentrations at ppmV (parts per million by volume), or even sub-ppbV (parts per billion by volume) level. Recent achievements in this field have made it possible to fully characterize the method and improve the design of instrument components in view of the task they are expected to fulfill.

In this chapter, the main components of an instrument based on laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) principles are described in detail. Special emphasis is laid on the home-built, frequency-stabilized, line-tunable CO2-laser source and the resonant photoacoustic cell. All of the parameters that are characteristic to the photoacoustic cell, including the limiting sensitivity of the system, are measured and compared with the best results reported by other authors. Approaches to improve current sensor performance are also discussed. Other aspects of a functional photoacoustic instrument, such as the gas handling system and data acquisition and processing, are outlined.

The paper presents an original catalytic cracking optimal control system developed by the authors for a catalytic cracking plant. The efficiency improvement for a Romanian catalytic cracking plant using the proposed optimal control system is provided as a case study. The paper is structured in three parts. The first part describes the hierarchical control structure for the fluid catalytic cracking unit. The suggested control structure is the result of extensive analysis of the control structure design strategies used for the chemical process. The second part is dedicated to the study of the objective function of the optimal control system and development of the optimal control system. The last part contains a case study of the Romanian catalytic cracking process. The authors have elaborated a specific process model and an optimal controller. Using the adequate simulation program, the authors have demonstrated the optimal control system efficiency.

The analysis of the Management Unit of the National TB Programme (NTP) database, together with the reports of the TB county managers, allowed to the authors to identify some weaknesses of TB control in Romania in the recent years and to propose the appropriate measures.The marked decrease in the reduction of TB cases reported annually from 2,761 in 2005-2006, to 145 in 2007-2008 and the stagnation of mortality rate: 7.5 per ten thousand in 2007 and 7.6 per ten thousand in 2008. Deficiencies in data recording and reporting through informatic system of the NTP. Lack of financial resources for system maintenance and upgrade. Deficiencies in monitoring and control of mycobacterium resistance to antituberculous drugs phenomenon at national level. Sensitivity testing only for a small percentage of culture confirmed new TB cases (21%). Higher percentage of MDR in new TB cases compared to the results of national survey of mycobacterium drug resistance 2003-2004. Lack of personnel: 16 TB dispensaries without any pulmonologist, vacancies for 259 doctors, 436 nurses and 433 auxiliary personnel. Important deficiencies in the NTP network's infrastructure and logistics countrywide. Discontinuities in the supply with first and second line antituberculous drugs resulting in interruption of treatments. Lack of an officially endorsed protocol for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of cases with TB/HIV co-infection. Solutions: Revitalization of monitoring-supervision activities of the NTP running countrywide, provision with necessary financial resources to perform the scheduled visits in counties. Providing maintenance and upgrade of the informatic system for data collection. Implementation of the necessary measures in order to attract and maintain the personnel in the NTP network. Conduct the national survey of mycobacterium susceptibility to first and second line antituberculous drugs and drug susceptibility testing of the most culture confirmed TB cases. Restore the centralized procurement of TB drugs. Finalization and official endorsement of the protocol for TB/HIV co-infection initiated in 2004.

Constrained by their companies' budget limits, the Romanian industry recruiters are oriented to graduates with high-tech systems management knowledge, and who are also trained to make both technical and business decisions. These new employers' requirements assume an extended list of graduates' competences: project management potential, ability for teamwork, and of great importance interpersonal skills. This paper describes the features and efficiency of certain instruments and methods that the University of Craiova applies to adjust its engineering curricula to the regional industry requirements. The engineering faculties within University of Craiova included in their curricula the Professional Communication Techniques Course. The faculties' staffs investigated this topic's utility in developing the students' communication skills, its applicability area and the correlation with industry recruiter's requirement. The investigation results motivated the decision of the University board for keeping the Professional Communication Techniques as a compulsory topic in engineering curricula.

Postextractional healing was frecquently studied both on animal and human subjects because analysing the mechanisms involved in this process can prevent the occurence of postoperatory complications. Blood cloth formation, maintenance and lysis are the main factors involved in the repair process. A significant purpose of this article is to establish the differences between the two types of healing: per primam and per secundam.

Pigmented lesions are commonly found in the mouth. Such lesions represent a variety of clinical entities, ranging from physiologic changes to manifestations of systemic illnesses and malignant neoplasms. Two groups of pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa are recognized: 1) endogenous lesions, including racial pigmentations, melanotic macules, melanocytic nevi, malignant melanoma and 2) exogenous lesions (e.g., blood-related pigmentations, metallic pigmentations). The etiology, differential diagnosis, clinical and histopathological features and management of endogenous pigmented lesions is discussed and the current literature is reviewed. In this article, pigmented lesions are described to allow practitioner to elaborate a positive diagnosis of endogenous pigmented lesions and to facilitate an early detection of these lesions particularly the malignant ones.

The infection of the aorto-uni(bi)femoral graft is a serious complication, associated with high morbidity and mortality rates - severe implications on the vital prognosis (haemorrhage, sepsis) or of the peripheral vascularisation. Frequently, the infections of aorto-uni (bi) femoral grafts first appear at the level of the distal anastomosis, in Scarpa's triangle.We are going to discuss a number of 6 cases of localised unilateral infection, situated in Scarpa's triangle. The infections appeared either during the first 3 months after the initial implantation of the graft, or later on (2 cases), after 2 and 5 years, respectively. The cases span over a period of 10 years covering a total number of 226 patients with aorto-uni(bi)lateral grafts. Our treatment of choice was to use autologous material, namely the superficial femoral vein, as replacement for the partially infected graft, which was harvested and placed in the iliac position during the same procedure. The surgical intervention was divided into an aseptic time, which involved harvesting the autologous conduit (superficial femoral vein), the proximal anastomosis between the non-contaminated portion of the graft and the venous graft, followed by closure; next, there was a septic time, that included entering the infected wound, extracting the contaminated segment of the graft and distal anastomosis between the femoral vein graft and the receptive artery. In five of the cases the venous conduit was passed through the same anatomical space from where the graft was extracted; in one case it was passed through the obturator channel and anastomosed to the superficial femoral artery at a lower level. The patients received pre- and postoperative intravenous antibiotics in accordance to the cultures taken from the infected wound, up to a period of 2-3 weeks, followed by another 3 weeks of oral antibiotics after discharge.All the patients survived the intervention. Postoperatively oedema of the lower leg and thigh was observed in all of the patients, similar to that appearing in deep venous thrombosis, and required treatment with low molecular weight heparin and long term oral anticoagulation with antivitamin K products.Patients were monitored postoperatively at intervals of one, three and six months followed by two annual check-ups. Biological tests and colour Duplex scans showed no signs of recurrent infection.Localized partial graft infections are a reality, confirmed by clinical, biological, ultrasound examinations, intra-operative explorations and postoperative results achieved by selective surgical resection. Infectious reoccurrence was not observed during the period of study.

The effect of the suppport on oxidative dehydrogenation activity for vanadia/ceria systems is examined for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde by use of well-defined VO(x)/CeO(2)(111) model catalysts. Temperature-programmed desorption at low vanadia loadings revealed reactivity at much lower temperature (370 K) as compared to pure ceria and vanadia on inert supports such as silica. Density functional theory is applied and the energies of hydrogenation and oxygen vacancy formation also predict an enhanced reactivity of the vanadia/ceria system. At the origin of this support effect is the ability of ceria to stabilize reduced states by accommodating electrons in localized f-states.

In the situation in which the insurances know a larger development and a permanent diversity in the world and in Rumania, the role of specialized intermediaries in such operations becoming a very important one.That's why, we consider very useful this comparative study of juridical regime applicable to the insurance intermediaries from different national legislation, such as: French or Italian legislation.Although the insurance intermediaries are not parts of insurance contract, they have an important role in conclusion and even in the distaining of insurance contract.

If for the majority of patients tooth extraction seems a simple and quick maneuver, for dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons it represents a surgical procedure that involves local and/or general risks and therefore requires a set of important precautions and practical knowledge. Even today it is still unclear why only certain patients develop alveolar osteitis in selected alveoli, despite abidance by the rules of asepsy and antisepsy, the correct surgical techniques and subsequent care. Anatomo-pathological examination in alveolar osteitis reveals a number of extremely important morphological issues.

The fundamental element that stands at the base of the European construction are the people, citizens of the European Union, as subjects of all community actions. The importance of the people and their part in the past, present and, before all, in the future of the Union led to the extension of the community competences in the social field. European citizenship includes both economical and political aspects, giving to the owner, citizen of an EU member state, no matter the country where he established his domicile or residence, certain civil and political rights. To begin with, the rights conferred by the European citizenship refer to the four freedoms that stand at the foundation of the common market established by the Treaty of Rome: free movement of persons, goods, services and capitals. The right to free movement of persons is a problem that almost all contemporaries are preoccupied with and represents a basic principle of an extended Europe.

We report the case of a 41-year-old patient who presented multiple cafe au lait spots and exophytic tumors of the upper jaw, causing facial asymmetry and masticatory impairment. Physical examination and paraclinical investigations established the diagnosis of NF1 (type 1 neurofibromatosis) associated with brown tumors in jaws and left nasal bone, caused by a primary hyperparathyroidism (Oxyphilic adenoma). The parathyroidectomy determines brown tumors regression and sclerosis with no dependence on their localization.

The adsorption of NHx fragments and oxidation of them by O and OH on the Rh(111) crystal surface have been studied using first-principles density-functional calculations. The stability and configurations of OHx and NHx have been investigated and characterized using frequency analysis. Several paths of NHx (x = 1-3) oxidation with O and OH and reverse elementary processes have been determined. The transition states have been determined and analyzed in detail. The activation barriers and thermodynamic and kinetic data have been calculated for all of the elementary steps. The calculations have shown that atomic oxygen does not promote ammonia decomposition. The elementary reactions with O are endothermic, and they have significant barriers, comparable with ammonia dehydrogenation barriers [Popa, C.; Offermans, W. K.; van Santen, R. A.; Jansen, A. P. J. Phys. Rev. B 2006, 74 (15), 155428-1-155428-10].1 The OH fragment does promote ammonia decomposition. The elementary reactions are exothermic or slightly endothermic, and the activation barriers are significantly lower. The activation entropies decrease the pre-exponential factors significantly. Nitrogen recombination on the Rh(111) surface has a high activation barrier, but it is comparable with the barriers on stepped surfaces of other metals. The first step of ammonia oxidation occurs late. The subsequent elementary steps are earlier and earlier from the geometrical point of view.

Oxidative stress has become an exciting area of schizophrenia (SCZ) research, and provides ample opportunities and hope for a better understanding of its pathophysiology, which may lead to new treatment strategies. The first objective of the present study was to analyze the oxidative stress markers in breath samples of patients with SCZ before and after the treatment with Levomepromazine. The second objective was to analyze the deficiency of amino acids marker in breath samples of patients with SCZ before and after the treatment. Exhaled breath was collected from 15 SCZ patients and 19 healthy controls; subsequently, CO2 laser photoacoustic spectroscopy was used to assess the exhaled breath compounds of the study subjects. One of the main breath biomarkers of the oxidative stress is ethylene, while one of the main breath biomarkers of the amino acids deficiency is ammonia. The breath biomarkers in the exhalation of SCZ patients exhibited significant differences from the breath biomarkers in the exhalation of healthy controls. Analysis of breath ethylene and breath ammonia provides a related model of SCZ exhalation that could represent an effective and convenient screening method for this intellectual disability.

The authors analyze the current status of anti-TB activity in Romania, in which several factors are involved: the pneumo-phthisiology network, the central unit (M. Nasta Institute of Pneumology), the Health Insurance, Health Ministry as well as international funding and technical assistance units (Global Fund, World Health Organisation). Current TB incidence data are reviewed, as well as the events in NPTC during 2005: training of the personnel involved in TB care (pneumologists and general practitioners, nurses, laboratory staff), improving TB care in risk groups (children, inmates, HIV positives, gypsies), improving the functionality of bK laboratory network, improving access of multidrug resistant TB patients to good quality services, improving the system for acquiring and distributing medication, developing a functional system for monitoring the NPTC, integrating TB in the national system for transmissible diseases survey, elaborating guidelines on different aspects of TB care. In 2005, WHO performed an evaluation mission in Romania, finally proposing solutions for current issues: the Government Decision of the NPTC actions, establishing the status of the county NPTC managers, using incentives for patients, improving drug management by application to international organisms, increasing the personnel numbers in national reference laboratories, improving the informational circuits between factors involved in NPTC.

The adsorption and dissociation of $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ fragments on the Rh(111) crystal surface have been studied using first-principles density-functional calculations. The stability and configurations of $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ species have been investigated and characterized using frequency analysis. The highest adsorption energies have been calculated for NH and N. Several paths of $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ $(x=1--3)$ dehydrogenation and hydrogenation have been taken into account. The transition states have been determined and in detail analyzed. The activation barriers and thermodynamic and kinetic data have been calculated for all the elementary steps. The calculations have shown that the elementary reactions have significant barriers, between 0.7 and $1.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$. The transition states are regarded neither early nor late with respect to the distance in hyperspace between initial and final states. The $\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ dehydrogenation has been determined as the rate limiting step. For this elementary process there has been estimated a large contribution of the zero point energy to the activation barrier and a significant entropy activation.