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1,015 results on '"Cramer, C."'

153. Regulation of Defense-related Gene Expression during Plant-Pathogen Interactions

Author

Cramer, C. L., Weissenborn, D., Cottingham, C. K., Denbow, C. J., Eisenback, J. D., Radin, D. N., and Yu, X.

Subjects
Article
Abstract

Plants have evolved a broad array of defense mechanisms involved in disease resistance. These include synthesis of phytoalexin antibiotics and proteinase inhibitors, deposition of cell wall materials, and accumulation of hydrolytic enzymes such as chitinases. Resistance appears to depend on the ability of the host to recognize the pathogen rapidly and induce these defense responses in order to limit pathogen spread. Application of molecular technologies has yielded significant new information on mechanisms involved in pathogen recognition, signal transduction, and defense-related gene activation, and is leading to novel strategies for engineering enhanced disease resistance. We are using these approaches to analyze regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR), a key enzyme mediating the production of terpenoid defense compounds. This enzyme is encoded by four genes in tomato; hmg2 gene expression is specifically associated with responses to pathogen or defense elicitors. Transgenic plants containing DNA constructs that fuse the hmg2 promoter to a reporter gene have been used to analyze both tissue specificity and patterns of defense-related expression. Because this gene is rapidly induced in tissues directly surrounding the site of ingress by a variety of pathogens, it may serve as a valuable tool in engineering new disease-resistance mechanisms.

Published
1993

182. TORSION BALANCE TESTS OF COUPLINGS TO SPIN.

Author

HECKEL, B. R., ADELBERGER, E. G., TERRANO, W. A., and CRAMER, C. E.

Subjects
TORSION, MAGNETIC coupling, POINCARE invariance, QUANTUM theory, LORENTZ force
Published
2010

195. Microwave dielectric spectroscopy and dynamical processes in superionic glasses.

Author

Mandanici, A., Cutroni, M., Cramer, C., Funke, K., Mustarelli, P., and Tomasi, C.

Subjects
IONIC structure, SPIN glasses
Abstract

The dynamical response of ionic glasses can be accurately characterized, in terms of frequency dependent conductivity, by dielectric spectroscopy techniques. Performing measurements on superionic vitreous conductors in the microwave frequency region, it has been discovered that the dispersive behavior of the conductivity obeys a double power law. Model considerations associate the two power law contributions at low and high frequencies respectively with translational and localized ionic hopping processes, characterized by different activation energies. In the present study on pure and doped silver phosphate glasses, experimental evidence is found that the power law exponents assume constant values, independent of the exact glass composition, and remarkably similar to those obtained for other superionic glasses. © 2000 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2000

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