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Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:00:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-10-01 Background: Kaolin may improve quail performance by maintaining intestinal integrity and improving nutrient absorption. Objective: To evaluate the overall performance, egg quality, moisture, nitrogen and calcium content in the excreta, intestinal morphology and financial analysis of kaolin in Japanese quail feed during the production phase. Methods: A total of 192 Japanese quails, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six repetitions with eight birds each, were used. Kaolin levels added to the diet were 0, 1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%. Results: Kaolin reduced feed consumption. Additionally, egg production, feed conversion and viability increased. Moisture, nitrogen and calcium in the excreta decreased. Height and width of the intestinal villi increased with increasing levels of kaolin in the diet. Kaolin had no effect on egg quality. Inclusion level of 1.5% kaolin allowed for greater economic gains. Conclusion: Kaolin improved performance, intestinal morphology, and reduced the moisture, nitrogen and calcium contents in the excreta. Egg quality remained unchanged with the addition of kaolin, and the best economic response resulted with the addition 1.5% kaolin. Animal Science Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP) Department of Animal Production Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Department of Animal Reproduction and Evaluation Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Universidade Federral de Lavras (UFLA) Animal Science Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro UFRRJ Bromatology Laboratory Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) Animal Science Universidade Estadual de São Paulo (UNESP)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes combinações de passiflora (Passiflora alata) e de camomila (Matricaria chamomila) sobre o desempenho, qualidade de ovos, comportamento e estresse de codornas durante as fases de recria e de postura. Foram utilizadas 196 aves, distribuídas em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos (ração convencional; 125 mg de Matricaria chamomila + 375 mg de Passiflora alata/kg de ração; 250 mg de M. chamomila + 250 mg de P. alata/kg de ração; 375 mg de M. chamomila + 125 mg P. alata/kg de ração), com sete repetições e sete aves por parcela. A fase de recria iniciou-se aos 28 dias de idade das aves, durando 14 dias. Nesta fase foram avaliados consumo diário de ração, ganho diário de peso, conversão alimentar, viabilidade de criação, o tempo em imobilidade tônica (TIT), a intensidade de ferimentos e a relação entre heterófilos e linfócitos (H:L). A fase de postura teve início quando as aves atingiram 42 dias de idade, em que foram avaliados consumo de ração, conversão alimentar, produção e qualidade de ovos, viabilidade, TIT, intensidade de ferimentos e relação H:L. Na fase de recria a inclusão dos fitoterápicos às rações não alterou o desempenho, a relação H:L e as intensidades de lesões (P≥0,05), mas diminuiu o TIT quando da adição de 250 mg de cada fitoterápico (P

The efficient time for supplementing flaxseed oil to meat-type quail to produce n-3 fatty acid fortified meat has not been determined. This study was conducted to find out the effects of different periods of flaxseed oil supplementation in the Japanese quail diet on the subsequent growth performance, carcass characteristics, fatty acids profile of breast, and functional properties of the Japanese quail meat. Totally, 720 one-day-old Japanese quail were studied in a 35-day experiment using a completely randomized design. Substituting sunflower oil with flaxseed oil had no significant effect on weight gain and feed intake in Japanese quails. Supplementing flaxseed oil for the whole 35-day growth period significantly reduced abdominal fat proportion. Flaxseed oil addition to the quail diet just a week before slaughter resulted in a 4.97-fold increase in the n-3 fatty acid content of the breast muscle. Feeding flaxseed oil decreased the activity of delta-9-desaturase in quail's breast compared to sunflower oil. The greatest thrombogenic index observed in the breast meat from control while consumption of flaxseed oil significantly decreased the thrombogenic index. Supplementing flaxseed oil to quail's diet for 21 and 35 days before slaughter significantly increased breast malondialdehyde content. Feeding flaxseed oil for long periods had no significant impact on the breast meat pH while water holding capacity was decreased. The breast lightness was increased when the flaxseed oil was fed for longer periods. Generally, feeding flaxseed oil in the last week of the growth period improved the feed conversion ratio and the fatty acid profile of quail breast meat with the minimum deterioration effects on meat quality characteristics.

Foram estudados parâmetros de incubação e de qualidade física de codornas japonesas neonatas oriundas de ovos submetidos a diferentes condições de armazenamento. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de combinações entre temperaturas e períodos de armazenamento dos ovos férteis. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em arranjo fatorial 2x5, temperaturas (ambiente (28±1,5ºC) e refrigerada (14ºC)) x períodos de armazenamento (um, três, seis, nove ou doze dias), totalizando 10 tratamentos com 105 repetições, sendo cada ovo uma unidade experimental. Os ovos foram incubados nas condições de 37,9ºC e 60% de umidade relativa (UR). Houve aumento de perda de peso do ovo com o período de armazenamento, com efeito linear positivo. Observou-se maior taxa de eclosão/ovos férteis para os ovos armazenados sob refrigeração. Houve efeito linear negativo para o período de armazenamento sobre a taxa de eclosão somente para os ovos armazenados em 28ºC. Para o peso da codorna neonata, houve efeito linear negativo, independentemente da temperatura de armazenamento. O comprimento do intestino delgado em temperatura ambiente sofreu influência do período de armazenamento, sendo que o período de 12 dias apresentou pior resultado. O pior escore de qualidade física foi encontrado em codornas neonatas oriundas de ovos armazenados em temperatura ambiente por 12 dias. Pode-se concluir que, para melhorar a eclosão e a qualidade física da progênie, ovos de codorna devem ser armazenados por até nove dias e em temperatura de 14ºC. ABSTRACT Incubation parameters and physical quality of neonate Japanese quails hatched from eggs that were subject to different storage conditions were evaluated. The treatments consisted of a combination of temperatures and storage periods of hatching eggs from breeder quails. The experiments were conducted in a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement 2x5, with two storage temperatures (ambient temperature ± 28°C and refrigerated temperature 14°C) and five storage periods (one, three, six, nine and twelve days), totaling 10 treatments with 105 repetitions, each egg considered to be an experimental unit. The eggs were incubated at 37.9°C with 60% of relative humidity (RH). There was a positive linear effect between egg weight loss and storage period. Higher rates of hatching/fertile eggs were observed for eggs stored in refrigerated conditions. A negative linear effect was observed between storage period and hatching rate when the eggs where stored at a temperature of 28ºC. There was a negative effect for neonate quail weight, independent of storage temperatures. The intestine length was influenced by storage period and 12 days of storage showed the shortest intestine length. Lower scores of physical quality were observed in quails that hatched from eggs stored in ambient temperatures during 12 days. In this context, to improve hatching rates and physical quality of neonate quails the eggs should be stored up to nine days at a temperature of 14°C.

A study was conducted in order to estimate the sodium requirements of Japanese laying quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). In this study, we used 280 Japanese quails at 128 days of age, with an average weight of 9 ± 5.2 g, and an egg production rate of 82.3 ± 0.94%. An experimental design methodology was employed, completely randomized with five treatments and seven replications. Each replicate consisted of eight quails, with a total of thirty-five experimental units. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and contained five different levels of sodium (0.08%, 0.12%, 0.16%, 0.20% and 0.24%). The diets were isocaloric and contained equal concentrations of amino acids, with an electrolyte balance of 250 mEq/kg. The parameters we evaluated were feed intake (g/quail/day); egg production per quail per day (%); egg weight (g); egg mass (g/quail/day); and feed conversion by egg mass (kg/kg) and per dozen eggs (kg/dz). In addition, we evaluated the composition of the eggs in terms of the absolute (g) and relative (%) mass of the yolk, albumen and eggshell. We also measured the body weight variation (g) and viability (%) of the quails. There were no significant effects (p>0.05) on the described parameters. No nutritional disorders occurred related to the level of inclusion of sodium in the diets. The inclusion of 0.08% sodium in the diet of laying Japanese quails was satisfactory to maintain egg production and quality without losses in feed intake or feed conversion. El experimento se realizó para estimar el requerimiento nutricional de sodio (Na) para codornices japonesas en postura (Coturnix coturnix japonica). En este estudio, se utilizaron 280 codornices japonesas a los 128 días de edad, con un peso promedio de 9 ± 5.2 g, y una tasa de producción de huevos de 82.3 ± 0.94%. Las aves se distribuyeron en un diseño experimental completamente al azar, con cinco tratamientos y siete repeticiones, con ocho codornices por repetición, totalizando treinta y cinco unidades experimentales. Las dietas experimentales se basaron en harina de maíz y soya y contenían cinco niveles diferentes de sodio (0.08%, 0.12%, 0.16%, 0.20% y 0.24%). Las dietas eran isocalóricas y contenían concentraciones de aminoácidos iguales con un equilibrio electrolítico de 250 mEq / kg. Los parámetros evaluados fueron: ingesta de alimento (g / codorniz / día); producción de huevos por codorniz por día (%); peso del huevo (g); masa de huevo (g / codorniz / día); y conversión de alimento por masa de huevo (kg / kg) y por docena de huevos (kg / dz). Además, la composición del huevo se evaluó en términos de masa absoluta (g) y relativa (%) de yema, albúmina y cáscara de huevo y la variación del peso corporal de la codorniz (g) y la viabilidad (%). No hubo efecto significativo (p> 0.05) en los parámetros descritos. No hubo trastornos nutricionales relacionados con el nivel de inclusión de sodio en las dietas. La inclusión de sodio al 0.08% en la dieta de las codornices japonesas fue satisfactoria para mantener la producción y calidad del huevo sin pérdida en la ingesta de alimento o la conversión de alimento. O experimento foi realizado para estimar a exigência nutricional de sódio (Na) para codornas japonesas em postura. (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Neste estudo, foram utilizadas 280 codornas japonesas aos 128 dias de idade, com peso médio de 9 ± 5,2 g e taxa de produção de ovos de 82,3 ± 0,94%. As aves foram distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, contendo cinco tratamentos e sete repetições, com oito codornas por repetição, totalizando trinta e cinco unidades experimentais. As dietas experimentais foram baseadas em farelo de milho e soja e continham cinco níveis diferentes de sódio (0,08%, 0,12%, 0,16%, 0,20% e 0,24%). As dietas eram isocalóricas e continham concentrações iguais de aminoácidos, com balanço eletrolítico de 250 mEq/kg. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: consumo de ração (g/codorna/dia); produção de ovos por codorna por dia (%); peso do ovo (g); massa de ovos (g/codorna/dia); e conversão alimentar por massa de ovo (kg/kg) e por dúzia de ovos (kg/dz). Além disso, foram avaliados a composição dos ovos em termos da massa absoluta (g) e relativa (%) da gema, albumina e casca de ovo e a variação do peso corporal (g) e viabilidade (%) das codornas. Não houve efeito significativo (p>0,05) nos parâmetros descritos. Não ocorreram distúrbios nutricionais relacionados ao nível de inclusão de sódio nas dietas. A inclusão de 0,08% de sódio na dieta de codornas japonesas em postura foi satisfatória para manter a produção e a qualidade dos ovos sem perdas no consumo ou conversão alimentar.

Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE Aromatic essential oils have a low risk of accumulating in animal tissues due to the rapid metabolization and short half-lives of their active compounds, which can act directly on pathogenic microorganisms promoting their inhibition. Thus, it has the potential to be used as growth promoters and, possibly, to replace the antibiotics and promoters commonly used in animal diets. The carvacrol and thymol phenolic compounds, major components of rosemary essential oil (Lippia gracillis shauer), are the main responsible for antimicrobial and antioxidant action of this oil. However, there is little research to evaluate the effect this additive as growth promoter in quails. The objective was evaluate the action of rosemary essential oil as promoter of growth in the Japanese quail organism. A total of 252 quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, within three treatments, seven replicates and twelve animals per experimental unit of from 2 to 35 days of age. The treatments were: basal diet, basal diet with inclusion of 400 mg/kg of rosemary essential oil and basal diet with inclusion of 500 mg/kg of bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD). The parameters of performance, intestinal microbiology, blood biochemistry, lipid peroxidation in the quail duodenum, liver and genes expression of cotransporter Sodium-glucose 1 (SGLT1), glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase 7 GPX7). After the experimental period, 6 birds with the average weight of the plot of each treatment were euthanized for collection of blood and liver samples for further analysis. For microbiological analysis, two other animals from each experimental unit (n=14) were euthanized to collect intestinal contents. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% probability, except for the microbiology that was analyzed descriptively. When compared to the chemical antimicrobial, the essential oil promoted lower feed intake (P0.05) between treatments with regard to lipid peroxidation in the liver and on the activity of AST and ALT enzymes in the blood. Lower levels of uric acid (P0,05) entre os tratamentos com relação a peroxidação lipídica no fígado e sobre a atividade das enzimas AST e ALT no sangue. Menores níveis de ácido úrico (P

International audience; The positive aspect of emotions, like pleasure, remains overlooked in birds. Our aim was to contribute to the exploration of facial indicators of positive emotions. To observe contrasting emotional expressions, we used two lines of Japanese quail divergently selected on their inherent fearfulness: a fearful line (long tonic immobility duration: LTI) and a less fearful line (short tonic immobility duration: STI). To induce positive emotions, we gave individual quail the opportunity to perform a rewarding behaviour, dustbathing, in an unfamiliar cage. More STI than LTI quail expressed dustbathing and latencies to dustbathe were significantly shorter in STI than LTI quail. This result indicated that the lines of quail differed in their fearfulness of the situation. We observed crown feather height, throat feather angle and pupil surface before (control) and during dustbathing. We found significant increases in crown feather height, pupil area and angle of throat feathers between the control and the dustbathing phases in STI quail, and pupil area correlated positively with crown feather height. In LTI quail, the angle of throat feathers increased during dustbathing, but the other parameters did not differ. We argue that variation in crown feather height and pupil area may provide indications of positive emotions in Japanese quail.

This study was conducted to determine the optimal standardized ileal digestible arginine to lysine (SID Arg:Lys) ratio for Japanese quails in the egg-laying phase. A total of two hundred forty-five 35-week-old Japanese quails (181 ± 1.30 g initial body weight) were randomly assigned to five treatment groups with seven replicates of seven quails. Graded levels of L-Arginine were added to a basal diet in order to produce five SID Arg:Lys ratios (101, 106, 111, 116 and 121%). Collected data were analyzed as one-way ANOVA and optimal ratio was estimated using polynomial regression model (linear and quadratic) based on performance traits. Statistical differences were considered for p

The objective of this study was to evaluate zinc levels (Zn) in the diet of Japanese quail from 1 to 42 days old maintained in two thermal environments on the zootechnical performance, intestinal morphology, hepatic glycogen, hepatic steatosis, carcass weight, organ weight and resistance bone of the tibia. 500 female quails were used, 250 of them in a thermal comfort environment and 250 in a heat stress environment, distributed in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (5 x 2), five levels of Zn (30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 mg / Zn per kg of feed). In the period from 1 to 21 days, increase in Zn levels resulted in reduced feed intake (WG) and worsening feed conversion (WG), while heat stress in the same phase decreased WP and worsened WC. In the total phase from 1 to 42 days there was interaction only for GP, showing that the increase of the Zn levels negatively influenced the GP of the birds created in heat stress, the CR and the AC presented worsening in the heat stress. There was interaction of the levels of Zn and the environment on the relationship vilo: crypt of the duodenum of the birds at 21 days of age, the unfolding showed linear decreasing effect as the Zn level increased in the comfort environment. At 42 days of age, the level of 150 mg / Zn presented the best relationship: duodenal crypt, the birds kept in thermal comfort also presented a better relationship vilo: crypt. The highest hepatic glycogen storage was observed at the level of 120 mg / Zn, and in a thermal comfort environment in the 21-day-old phase. At 42 days only the level of Zn was significant, with the highest glycogen stock also at 120 mg / Zn level. At 42 days the effect of Zn levels on hepatic steatosis was observed, the 90 mg / Zn level was the most positive for the absence of steatosis. At 21 days, liver and carcass weights were negatively influenced by the increase in Zn levels, heat stress decreased spleen, bursa, liver and carcass weights. For the 42 days, there was interaction on the spleen weight, presenting the highest weight at the level of 120 mg / Zn in the thermal comfort environment. The heat stress environment reduced liver and carcass weights. The tibial bone strength at 42 days increased linearly with increasing Zn levels and reduced heat stress. Based on the average of the performance variables found in the factorial regression equations, it is recommended to use 60 mg / Zn per kg in Japanese quail diets from 1 to 42 days of age in thermal comfort and heat stress. Objetivou-se avaliar níveis de zinco (Zn) na dieta de codornas japonesas de 1 a 42 dias de idade mantidas em dois ambientes térmicos e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho zootécnico, morfologia duodenal, glicogênio hepático, esteatose hepática, peso de carcaça, peso de órgãos e resistência óssea da tíbia. Foram utilizadas 500 codornas fêmeas, sendo 250 em ambiente de conforto térmico e 250 em ambiente de estresse por calor, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualisado em esquema fatorial (5 x 2), sendo cinco níveis de Zn (30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 mg/Zn por kg de ração). No período de 1 a 21 dias, o aumento dos níveis de Zn resultou em redução no consumo de ração (CR) e piora na conversão alimentar (CA), o estresse por calor na mesma fase diminuiu o CR e piorou a CA. Na fase de 1 a 42 dias houve interação apenas para GP, mostrando que o aumento dos níveis de Zn influenciaram negativamente o GP das aves criadas em estresse por calor, o CR e a CA apresentou piora no estresse por calor. Houve interação dos níveis de Zn e o ambiente sobre a relação vilo:cripta do duodeno das aves aos 21 dias de idade; o desdobramento mostrou efeito linear decrescente à medida que aumentava o nível de Zn no ambiente de conforto. Aos 42 dias de idade, o nível de 150 mg/Zn apresentou a melhor relação vilo:cripta duodenal, as aves mantidas em conforto térmico também apresentaram melhor relação vilo:cripta. O maior estoque de glicogênio hepático foi observado ao nível de 120 mg/Zn, e em ambiente de conforto térmico na fase de 21 dias de idade. Aos 42 dias apenas o nível de Zn foi significativo, apresentando o maior estoque de glicogênio também ao nível de 120 mg/Zn. Aos 42 dias foi observado efeito dos níveis de Zn para a esteatose hepática, o nível de 90 mg/Zn foi o mais positivo para a ausência de esteatose. Aos 21 dias, os pesos de fígado e carcaça foram influenciados negativamente pelo aumento dos níveis de Zn, o estresse por calor diminuiu os pesos de baço, bolsa cloacal, fígado e carcaça. Já para os 42 dias houve interação sobre o peso do baço, apresentando o maior peso no nível de 120 mg/Zn no ambiente de conforto térmico. O ambiente de estresse por calor reduziu os pesos de fígado e carcaça. A resistência óssea da tíbia aos 42 dias aumentou de forma linear com o aumento dos níveis de Zn e reduziu em estresse por calor. Com base na média das variáveis de desempenho encontrados nas equações de regressão fatorial, recomenda-se a utilização de 60 mg de Zn/kg em dietas de codornas japonesas de 1 a 42 dias de idade em conforto térmico e estresse por calor.

The objective of this study was to compare fattening performance, carcass traits, and egg quality of Japanese quails with different feather colors (white, dark brown, golden, and wild-type). In the study, 360 one-day-old quail chicks with 4 different feather colors were used as animal material. Quails were fed ad libitum for 42 days to determine fattening performance and carcass traits. To determine egg traits, 48 hens from each group, in a total of 192, were selected and caged according to feather color. Eggs were collected for four consecutive weeks and egg quality characteristics were measured. Different feather colors had a significant effect on live weight, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and carcass characteristics. Significant differences between the groups were detected for egg weight, specific gravity, shape index, shell weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, albumen index, and yolk index. Japanese quails with all four feather colors can be reared depending on the choice. However, due to lower feed conversion ratio, white-feathered quails may be preferred for meat production purposes. Color variations should be considered when selecting quails.

O experimento foi realizado para estimar a exigência nutricional de sódio (Na) para codornas japonesas em postura. Foram utilizadas 245 codornas japonesas, com 187 dias de idade, peso de 189,4 + 6,1 g e taxa de produção de ovos de 91,05 + 5,5 %. As aves foram distribuídas em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, constituído por cinco rações e sete repetições. Foram formuladas cinco rações experimentais à base de milho e farelo de soja, com cinco níveis de Na (0,10; 0,15; 0,20; 0,25 e 0,30%). Foram analisados: consumo de ração, produção de ovos por ave ao dia, por ave alojada, de ovos comercializáveis, de ovos viáveis por ave ao dia, peso do ovo, massa de ovos, conversão alimentar por massa de ovos e por dúzia de ovos, componentes dos ovos (gema (g e %), albúmen (g e %) e casca (g e %), variação de peso corporal, viabilidade das aves e gravidade específica. Não foi verificado efeito (P>0,05) para nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. Sintomas de deficiência de sódio como inapetência, redução da taxa de crescimento, produção e apetite depravado não foram observados, demonstrando que o menor nível de sódio utilizado, 0,10%, não foi prejudicial às aves. A suplementação de 0,10% de sódio na ração, correspondente ao consumo diário de 26,1 mg de Na por ave foi suficiente para proporcionar satisfatório desempenho produtivo e qualidade dos ovos de codornas japonesas. The experiment was conducted to estimate the nutritional requirement of sodium (Na) for laying Japanese quails. Were used 245 Japanese quails, with 187 days old, weight of 189.4 + 6.1 g and egg production rate of 91.05 + 5.5%. Birds were distributed in a completely randomized design, consisting of five diets and seven replicates. Five experimental diets were formulated based on corn and soybean meal, with five levels of Na (0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25 and 0.30%). Were examined: feed intake, egg production per bird day, egg production per hen housed, commercial eggs, viable eggs per bird day, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion by egg mass and per dozen eggs, components eggs (yolk, albumen and shell), body weight variation, viability of birds and specific gravity. There were no differences (P>0.05) for all parameters studied. Symptoms of deficiency as inappetence, reduction in the growth rate and depraved appetite were not observed in this study, demonstrating that the lower level of Na used, 0.10%, was not adverse to birds. Supplementation of 0.10% Na in diet of the birds, corresponding to a daily intake of 26.1 mg / bird was enough to provide good performance and egg quality of Japanese quails.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate combinations of different storage periods and temperature of hatching eggs of breeder quails in two stages of the production cycle (24 and 43 weeks) on hatchability, quail neonate quality, and Bursa of Fabricius characteristics. In each experiment, a total of 1.050 Japanese quail eggs were incubated in a randomized block design in a factorial arrangement of 2 × 5 × 2, with two breeder ages (24 and 43 weeks), five storage periods (one, three, six, nine, and twelve days), and two storage temperatures (28 and 14 °C), totaling 20 treatments with 52 eggs each. Quantitative data were subjected to ANOVA and means were compared by Tukey's test. Qualitative data were subjected to Friedman's test. Polynomial regression analysis was performed in relation to the storage period of the eggs. Hatchability of 43-week-old breeders worsened as the storage period increased at 28 °C, while at 14 °C, hatchability was not affected. Yolk-free body weight was influenced only by storage period; therefore, the group stored for 12 days had the lowest yolk-free body weight. Twelve days of storage reduced the absorption of yolk residue and physical quality score and also affected neonate quail immunity. Fertile eggs from Japanese quails that are destined for incubation should be stored at 14 °C to maintain physical and immunological quality of the progeny. Moreover, eggs from older breeders originate lower-quality quails when eggs are not stored in a refrigerated environment.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the combined effects of air temperature and air velocity on the behavior of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 216 Japanese quail in their initial laying phase were used. Bird behavior was categorized with an ethogram (eat, drink, stop, open wings/shiver, others). The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a 4x4 factorial arrangement, with four air velocities (0, 1, 2, and 3 m s-1) and air temperatures (17, 23, 29, and 35°C). The behavior “stop” was greater when the birds were subjected to 17°C. At 35°C, a significant reduction (p

The objective of this work was to evaluate the combined effects of air temperature and air velocity on the behavior of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). A total of 216 Japanese quail in their initial laying phase were used. Bird behavior was categorized with an ethogram (eat, drink, stop, open wings/shiver, others). The experimental design was a randomized complete block, in a 4x4 factorial arrangement, with four air velocities (0, 1, 2, and 3 m s-1) and air temperatures (17, 23, 29, and 35°C). The behavior “stop” was greater when the birds were subjected to 17°C. At 35°C, a significant reduction (p

Bu çalışma, Niğde yöresinde Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi uygulama kümesinde yetiştirilen bıldırcınlarda (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Toxoplasma gondii’nin seroprevalansının belirlenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, 139’u erkek ve 5’i dişi olmak üzere toplam 144 bıldırcından elde edilen kan serumu örnekleri Sabin-Feldman boya testi (SFDT) ile anti-Toxoplasma gondii antikorları yönünden incelenmişlerdir. Bu test sonucunda incelenen 144 bıldırcın serumunun tümü T. gondii antikorları yönünden seronegatif bulunmuştur. Bu durum endüstriyel olarak üretilen bıldırcınların daha iyi yetiştirme koşullarına sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile Niğde yöresinde bıldırcınlarda ilk kez toxoplasmosis varlığı serolojik yöntemle araştırılmış ve seropozitiflik tespit edilememiştir. The aim of the present study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii. Quails were obtained from Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University poultry. A total of 144 (139 male and 5 female) quails were used for collection of blood samples. The sera were tested for T. gondii antibodies using the Sabin Feldman Dye Test (SFDT). All of the 144 quail serum samples tested were seronegative for T. gondii antibodies. This situtation shows that the quails produced in a industrial way have better breeding conditions. In conclusion, this is the first serological study on toxoplasmosis in the quails in the Niğde province of Turkey and seropositivity could not be detected in this study.

Genetic evaluations in dual-purpose quails (Coturnix coturnix) have demonstrated that overall genetic gains in a breeding program are achieved not only based on a specific trait, but on several. The most common technique to use all this information is the selection index. Another alternative may be the canonical-correlation analysis applied to selection index. There is, however, a lack of studies using canonical correlation in quails. Hence, the objectives of this study were to apply canonical-correlation analysis to estimate the relationship of nine traits and to compare genetic gains obtained by this methodology to desired-gain selection index in three lines of quails. Data for three lines of layer quails consisted of body weight at 28 days (W28), egg weight (EW), age at first egg (APE) and egg production at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after onset of lay. Two sets of traits were established: the first one contained predictor variables (W28, EW and APE) and the second one contained variables related to egg production. A selection index was constructed using the standardized coefficients of canonical covariates as weighting factors when a given canonical correlation was significant. We constructed two desired-gain selection indices: DG-SI1 and DG-S12. The difference between them is that DG-S12 had a desired gain for body weight set to 0. The estimated canonical correlations were as follows: 0.811, 0.058 and 0.003 for the yellow, 0.821, 0.181 and 0.076 for the red, and 0.825, 0.117 and 0.038 for the blue line. Only the first pair of canonical variates was significant (P

Objetivou-se avaliar os benefícios da adição da parede celular de Sacharomyces cerevisiae (PCSC) e seu melhor nível de inclusão na dieta sobre o desempenho e a qualidade dos ovos produzidos por codornas japonesas (Coturnix coturnix japonica) na fase de produção. Foram utilizadas 400 codornas japonesas distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e 10 repetições com 8 aves cada. Foram utilizadas cinco dietas com diferentes níveis de parede celular de S. cerevisiae (0 kg/t; 0.5kg/t; 1.0kg/t; 1.5kg/t; 2.0kg/t). Para análise do desempenho das aves e da qualidade dos ovos, as variáveis avaliadas foram: o consumo de ração, a produção de ovos, o peso médio dos ovos, a massa de ovos, a conversão alimentar por massa, a conversão alimentar por dúzia de ovos produzidos, a viabilidade, a percentagem dos constituintes do ovo (gema, albúmen e casca) e a espessura de casca. O peso dos ovos, a massa de ovos, a viabilidade, a percentagem da gema e a percentagem do albúmen não foram influenciadas pela inclusão de parede celular de S. cerevisiae na dieta das codornas japonesas. A inclusão de níveis crescentes de parede celular de S. cerevisiae até o nível de 1,5kg/t na dieta melhorou a produção, a conversão alimentar por dúzia, a conversão alimentar por massa e a qualidade da casca de ovos produzidos por codornas japonesas durante a fase de produção. Aimed to evaluate the benefits of adding the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CWSC) and its best level in the diet on the performance and quality of eggs produced by Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica), during the production phase. 400 Japanese quails, were distributed in a complete random design, with five treatments and 10 replicates with 8 birds each. It was used five diets with different levels of cell wall of S. cerevisiae (0 kg/t; 0.5kg/t; 1.0kg/t; 1.5kg/t; 2.0kg/t). To analyze the performance of birds and egg quality, the variables evaluated were: feed intake, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion per dozen of eggs produced, feed conversion per mass of eggs produced, viability, percentage of the yolk, percentage of the albumen, percentage of the shell and shell thickness. Egg weight, percentage of yolk and percentage of albumen were not influenced by the inclusion of cell wall of S. cerevisiae in the diet of Japanese quails. The increasing levels of cell wall of S. cerevisiae to the level of 1.5kg/t in the diet improved production, feed conversion per dozen, feed conversion per mass and shell quality of eggs produced by Japanese quail during the production phase.

International audience; Brood care can improve with experience, and experience under natural conditions increases with age. We aimed to evaluate the relative effect of experience by comparing experienced and inexperienced females of the same age under controlled conditions. Using 18 experienced (XP) and 22 inexperienced (NXP) female Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. of the same age, we monitored maternal behaviour towards foster chicks. We evaluated the social and emotional reactivity of these females before the breeding period and of the fostered chicks after separation from their mothers. Thus, we determined both how maternal experience affects adult females' nonmaternal behaviour and how potential differences in their maternal behaviour affect chicks' behavioural development. We found that although previous breeding experience per se did not influence either their general fearfulness or their sociality, it did influence the way females coped with novelty. Although most of the maternal care variables did not differ significantly between XP and NXP females, we found several differences, mainly concerning first-time female breeders' more abusive behaviour during the first few days of the breeding period. We suggest that these differences in care are related more to inexperienced females' higher neophobia than to an improvement in the quality of care with experience. In tests, chicks showed differences similar to those of their mothers: chicks brooded by inexperienced females reacted more to novelty than chicks brooded by experienced females. We consider this result to be a case of nongenomic maternal transmission. (C) 2013 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:40:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf: 674758 bytes, checksum: e1467f940779325eee60ab095cf63094 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:40:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf: 674758 bytes, checksum: e1467f940779325eee60ab095cf63094 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:25:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf: 674758 bytes, checksum: e1467f940779325eee60ab095cf63094 (MD5) S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf.txt: 26277 bytes, checksum: b660c3f8361a13a158e818150883f69d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:07:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf: 674758 bytes, checksum: e1467f940779325eee60ab095cf63094 (MD5) S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf.txt: 26277 bytes, checksum: b660c3f8361a13a158e818150883f69d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:07:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf: 674758 bytes, checksum: e1467f940779325eee60ab095cf63094 (MD5) S1516-635X2013000100010.pdf.txt: 26277 bytes, checksum: b660c3f8361a13a158e818150883f69d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The objective of this study was to trace the inclusion of bovine meat and bone meal (BMBM) in the diet of Japanese quails by analyzing eggs and egg fractions (yolk and albumen) by the technique of carbon-13 (13C) and nitrogen-15 (15N) stable isotopes. In the trial, 120 Japanese quails were distributed in six treatments with four replicates of five birds each. The following treatments were applied: feed based on corn and soybean meal, containing graded BMBM inclusions (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5%). After 42 days, 20 eggs per treatment were randomly collected for three consecutive days. Ten eggs were used for yolk and albumen sample collection, and ten for total egg sample collection. It was possible to detect the dietary inclusion of 1% BMBM in the egg and its fractions. Therefore, the technique of isotopes 13C and 15N is able of tracing since 1% inclusion level of BMBM in the diet of Japanese quails in eggs and their fractions. UNESP UNESP IBB Department of Physics and Biophysics Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios DVM - Granjas Kakimoto UNESP UNESP IBB Department of Physics and Biophysics FAPESP: 07/06707-8

Time of exposure and light intensity rearing house may affect the performance and egg quality of laying quails. This research aimed at evaluating the live performance, egg quality, biometry of the reproductive system, and the gastrointestinal tract of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) exposed to artificial light-emitting diodes (LED) of different colors in comparison with fluorescent lamps. A total of 240 Japanese quails were distributed in completely randomized experimental design with four treatments (fluorescent lamp, and green, red, or blue LED lamps) with six replicates of 10 birds each. Average egg weight and eggshell thickness were different (p0.05). The oviduct of 64-d-old hens exposed to green LED lighting was shorter (p