191 results on '"Condorelli DF"'
Search Results
152. Induction of primary response genes by excitatory amino acid receptor agonists in primary astroglial cultures.
- Author
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Condorelli DF, Dell'Albani P, Amico C, Kaczmarek L, Nicoletti F, Lukasiuk K, and Stella AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Base Sequence, Cells, Cultured, Glutamates pharmacology, Glutamic Acid, Molecular Sequence Data, Oligonucleotide Probes genetics, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun metabolism, Receptors, Amino Acid antagonists & inhibitors, Astrocytes physiology, Gene Expression Regulation drug effects, Genes, fos, Genes, jun, Genes, myc, Receptors, Amino Acid physiology
- Abstract
We have characterized the genomic response of astroglial cells to excitatory amino acids by using selective agonists and antagonists for the various receptor subtypes and by analyzing different primary response genes, such as members of the Fos (c-fos and fosB) and Jun (c-jun, junB, and junD) families, zif/268, and c-myc. A rapid and transient elevation of mRNA levels for c-fos, fosB, c-jun, junB, and zif/268 was observed after addition of glutamate to cultured astrocytes, whereas junD and c-myc expression was not affected. The level of AP-1 DNA binding activity, as measured by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, also increased after addition of glutamate to cultured astrocytes. Glutamate-induced c-fos expression was not affected by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists MK-801 and D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoate, by the kainate/alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), or by the broad-spectrum antagonist kynurenate. Kainate and AMPA were also effective in inducing primary response gene expression, and their actions were antagonized by kynurenate and DNQX but not by MK-801. 1S,3R-1-Aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid, a selective agonist for the metabotropic glutamate receptor, induced primary response gene expression, but its action was not antagonized by different glutamate antagonists, including L-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionate. In conclusion, our data suggest that cultured astrocytes express both kainate/AMPA ionotropic receptors and metabotropic receptors coupled to the rapid and coordinated activation of different classes of transcriptional factor genes.
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
153. Metabotropic glutamate receptors in cultured cerebellar granule cells: developmental profile.
- Author
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Aronica E, Condorelli DF, Nicoletti F, Dell'Albani P, Amico C, and Balázs R
- Subjects
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Blotting, Northern, Cells, Cultured, Cerebellum cytology, Glutamic Acid, Inositol metabolism, Inositol Phosphates metabolism, Kinetics, Neurons cytology, Neurons drug effects, Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates, Phosphatidylinositols metabolism, RNA isolation & purification, RNA metabolism, RNA, Messenger isolation & purification, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Rats, Receptors, Glutamate genetics, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate antagonists & inhibitors, Time Factors, Cerebellum metabolism, Dizocilpine Maleate pharmacology, Glutamates pharmacology, Neurons metabolism, Receptors, Glutamate metabolism
- Abstract
Excitatory amino acid (EAA)-induced polyphosphoinositide (PPI) hydrolysis was studied during the development in culture of cerebellar granule cells. The developmental pattern was similar using metabotropic glutamate (Glu) receptor (mGluR) agonists, including L-Glu, quisqualate, and trans-(+/-)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid: The stimulation of [3H]inositol monophosphate ([3H]-InsP) formation was low at 2 days in vitro (DIV), but the response increased steeply, reaching a peak at 4 DIV, followed by a progressive decline. In contrast, carbamylcholine-induced PPI hydrolysis exhibited a plateau after a pronounced increase during the first week in vitro. At 6 DIV, but not at 4 DIV, when the activity peaked, PPI hydrolysis elicited by Glu was reduced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801, indicating that in cultured granule cells, NMDA receptors contribute to [3H]-InsP formation and that this component of the response develops relatively late. Accordingly, NMDA-induced [3H]-InsP formation, estimated under Mg(2+)-free conditions, increased markedly from very low values at 2 DIV to a plateau at 8-10 DIV. The developmental pattern of EAA-induced PPI hydrolysis was paralleled by changes in the level of an mRNA for a specific mGluR subtype (mGluR1 mRNA). RNA blot analysis performed with the pmGR1 cDNA probe revealed that the hybridization signal in RNA extracts from cultures at 1 DIV was very weak, but mGluR mRNA levels increased dramatically between 1 and 3 DIV, followed by a progressive decrease, so that by 15 DIV the mRNA levels were only approximately 10% of the values at 3 DIV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1993
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
154. Development profile of metabotropic glutamate receptor mRNA in rat brain.
- Author
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Condorelli DF, Dell'Albani P, Amico C, Casabona G, Genazzani AA, Sortino MA, and Nicoletti F
- Subjects
- Aging metabolism, Amino Acids pharmacology, Animals, Blotting, Northern, Brain drug effects, Brain growth & development, Cells, Cultured, DNA genetics, Inositol Phosphates biosynthesis, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, Rats, Receptors, Glutamate, Receptors, Neurotransmitter metabolism, Amino Acids, Cyclic, Brain metabolism, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Receptors, Neurotransmitter genetics
- Abstract
We have studied the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) mRNA by Northern blot analysis with a specific cDNA probe (the pmGR1 probe). In 1-day-old rats, the steady state levels of mRNA were higher in the hypothalamus and olfactory bulb, with intermediate levels in the cerebellum and low levels in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. In the olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex, the expression of mGluR mRNA remained constant at 8 and 30 days of postnatal life. In contrast, in the cerebellum and hippocampus, mRNA levels increased progressively with age. There was no correlation between levels of mGluR mRNA and stimulation of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis by 1-aminocyclopentane-1S,3R-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD), which was much greater in brain slices from 8-day-old rats and was nearly absent in the adult cerebellum and olfactory bulb, where we have found the highest levels of mRNA. In addition, mGluR mRNA was detectable in cultured cerebellar granule cells but not in cultured neurons from cerebral hemispheres or in cultured astrocytes, which responded to trans-ACPD with an increased formation of [3H]inositol monophosphate. The discrepancies between levels of mGluR mRNA detected with the pmGR1 probe and trans-ACPD-stimulated polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis suggest either that different subtypes of mGluRs exist or that mRNA levels are not critical for the dynamic changes in the activity of mGluRs during development.
- Published
- 1992
155. Effect of EGF on DNA labeling in rat cerebellar immature astrocytes maintained under different culture conditions. Presence or absence of polylysine, serum, or both.
- Author
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Avola R, Magrì G, Ingrao F, Insirello L, Carpano P, Nicoletti VG, Condorelli DF, Ragusa N, and Giuffrida Stella AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Cellular Senescence, Cerebellum cytology, Culture Media, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein metabolism, Rats, Vimentin metabolism, Astrocytes metabolism, Blood Physiological Phenomena, Cerebellum metabolism, DNA metabolism, Epidermal Growth Factor pharmacology, Polylysine pharmacology
- Published
- 1991
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156. Glial fibrillary acidic protein messenger RNA and glutamine synthetase activity after nervous system injury.
- Author
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Condorelli DF, Dell'Albani P, Kaczmarek L, Messina L, Spampinato G, Avola R, Messina A, and Giuffrida Stella AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Astrocytes physiology, Cerebral Cortex physiology, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein metabolism, Male, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Sciatic Nerve injuries, Sciatic Nerve metabolism, Astrocytes metabolism, Brain Injuries metabolism, Cerebral Cortex metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein genetics, Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase metabolism, RNA, Messenger genetics
- Abstract
The level of the mRNA for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), the major protein of the intermediate filaments of astroglial cells, and the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme selectively localized in astrocytes, were measured at different times after a unilateral mechanical lesion in the rat cerebral cortex. A rapid and early increase (6 hours post-lesion) in GFAP mRNA was observed; GFAP mRNA level reached a peak at 1-3 days and then decreased. Moreover, an astrocytic activation in cortical zones far from the injury site and in the contralateral hemisphere was detected. No change of GS activity was observed in the same model of brain injury, showing that this astroglial marker is not modified during the reactive gliosis obtained with this experimental model. GFAP mRNA has also been detected in the rat sciatic nerve; however, its level was not modified after nerve transection, suggesting a different regulation of GFAP expression in the peripheral nervous system.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
157. Excitatory amino acids stimulate inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and reduce proliferation in cultured astrocytes.
- Author
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Nicoletti F, Magrì G, Ingrao F, Bruno V, Catania MV, Dell'Albani P, Condorelli DF, and Avola R
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Division drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Epidermal Growth Factor, Hydrolysis, Kinetics, Oxadiazoles pharmacology, Proto-Oncogenes, Quisqualic Acid, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Thymidine antagonists & inhibitors, Thymidine metabolism, Amino Acids pharmacology, Astrocytes metabolism, Inositol metabolism, Phospholipids metabolism
- Abstract
Excitatory amino acids stimulated inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in primary cultures of astrocytes, as reflected by an increased formation of [3H]inositol monophosphate [( 3H]InsP) in the presence of 10 mM Li+. Quisqualate was the most potent activator of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, followed by glutamate and ibotenate. Kainate exhibited low activity, whereas N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazolepropionate (AMPA) were inactive. The increase in [3H]InsP formation induced by glutamate was potentiated after 12-h exposure to the proliferative agent epidermal growth factor (EGF), suggesting that activation of the mitotic cycle leads to an enhanced coupling of glutamate recognition sites with phospholipase C. To study how glutamate receptors are involved in regulating cell proliferation, we have measured [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation in cultured astrocytes. Excitatory amino acids reduced thymidine incorporation with a pharmacological profile similar to that observed for the stimulation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis. Quisqualate acted as a potent antiproliferative agent, both under basal conditions and in cells stimulated to proliferate by addition of EGF or phorbol 12-tetradecanoate 13-acetate. Glutamate and ibotenate reduced [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation at high concentrations, whereas kainate, AMPA, and NMDA were virtually inactive. The action of quisqualate on both inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and thymidine incorporation was attenuated by 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate, which acted as a weak agonist/competitive antagonist. Other excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists were not effective.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
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158. ADP-ribosylation of proteins in brain regions of rats during postnatal development.
- Author
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Spina-Purrello V, Avola R, Condorelli DF, Nicoletti VG, Insirello L, Reale S, Costa A, Ragusa N, and Giuffrida Stella AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain drug effects, Brain growth & development, Embryo, Mammalian, In Vitro Techniques, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose metabolism, Aging metabolism, Brain metabolism, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone metabolism, Epidermal Growth Factor pharmacology, Histones metabolism
- Abstract
Post-translational modifications of chromatin-bound proteins play an important role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Processes such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ADP-ribosylation may alter the interaction of these proteins with DNA and consequently affect chromatin conformation and the binding of enzymes and other molecules involved in the regulation of gene expression. In the present study the process of ADP-ribosylation of chromosomal proteins (histone and non-histone proteins) in some rat brain regions during postnatal development was investigated; also the effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on this process in fetal brain slices was studied. It has been found that the process of ADP-ribosylation of total histones extracted from rat cerebral cortex and cerebellum at 1, 10 and 30 days of age, increases from 1 to 10 days of age (i.e. the period of maximal cell proliferation) and decreases thereafter, while the process of ADP-ribosylation of non-histone proteins (NHPs) sharply decreases during the same developmental period. The addition of EGF to fetal brain slices causes a significant increase of ADP-ribosylation of total histones (particularly of the histone H1 fraction) and also of NHPs and microsomal proteins. This result is in agreement with the effect of EGF as a mitogen factor, previously shown in astroglial cell cultures.
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
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159. [Familial amyloidosis polyneuropathy. Description of a case].
- Author
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Raffaele R, Reggio A, Condorelli DF, Patti F, and Falsaperla A
- Subjects
- Amyloidosis complications, Amyloidosis drug therapy, Dimethyl Sulfoxide therapeutic use, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Amyloidosis genetics, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases genetics
- Published
- 1981
160. Effect of 5 days reserpine treatment on the cerebellar GABAergic system.
- Author
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Reggio A, Giammona G, Patti F, Condorelli DF, Rampello L, Nicoletti F, Canonico PL, and Di Giorgio RM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cerebellum enzymology, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase metabolism, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism, Cerebellum drug effects, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism, Reserpine pharmacology, Transaminases metabolism, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism
- Published
- 1981
161. [Effects of different doses of apomorphine on the glutamate decarboxylase activity of the substantia nigra and the medial basal hypothalamus].
- Author
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Giammona G, Pattí F, Sambataro V, Reggio A, Rampello L, Di Giorgio RM, Maccagnano C, Condorelli DF, and Nicoletti F
- Subjects
- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Hypothalamus, Middle drug effects, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Substantia Nigra drug effects, Apomorphine pharmacology, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism, Hypothalamus enzymology, Hypothalamus, Middle enzymology, Substantia Nigra enzymology
- Abstract
The activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) was assayed in the rat substantia nigra (SN) and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) following systemic injection of different doses of the dopamine receptor agonist apomorphine. In SN, the highest dose of apomorphine (1000 micrograms/kg) causes an increase of the GAD activity whilst an opposite effect is observed with the lowest dose (35 micrograms/kg). Results obtained in SN are in accordance with previous neurochemical and behavioural data suggesting an opposite action of high (500 micrograms/kg) and low doses (100 micrograms/kg) of apomorphine in nigro-striatal system, probably due to the existence of two classes of dopamine receptors, i.e. classical postsynaptic dopamine receptors and presynaptic inhibitory dopamine autoreceptors. In MBH, the evidence for similar effects of low and high doses of apomorphine (the decrease of GAD activity) may suggest that, as already reported, at this level only one class of dopamine receptors is present.
- Published
- 1981
162. Effects of chronic haloperidol and sulpiride treatment on rat nigral GABA content.
- Author
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Rampello L, Giammona G, Patti F, Reggio A, Nicoletti F, Di Giorgio RM, and Condorelli DF
- Subjects
- Animals, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Substantia Nigra metabolism, Haloperidol pharmacology, Substantia Nigra drug effects, Sulpiride pharmacology, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism
- Abstract
The effects of chronic haloperidol and sulpiride treatment on nigral GABA content were investigated in rats. Chronic sulpiride treatment is capable of inducing an increase in nigral GABA content whilst no significant effect is observed following chronic haloperidol treatment at the doses used. The different effects of haloperidol and sulpiride on nigral GABA content were related to the different neuropharmacological spectrum of the two drugs.
- Published
- 1981
163. Effect of epidermal growth factor and insulin on DNA, RNA, and cytoskeletal protein labeling in primary rat astroglial cell cultures.
- Author
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Avola R, Condorelli DF, Surrentino S, Turpeenoja L, Costa A, and Giuffrida Stella AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Astrocytes cytology, Astrocytes drug effects, Brain cytology, Brain drug effects, Brain metabolism, Cell Division drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein analysis, Rats, Astrocytes metabolism, Cytoskeletal Proteins metabolism, DNA Replication drug effects, Epidermal Growth Factor pharmacology, Insulin pharmacology, RNA metabolism
- Abstract
The effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin on DNA, RNA, and cytoskeletal protein labeling in primary rat astroglial cell cultures was investigated. Cultures were grown for 15-30 days in vitro in 10% fetal calf serum (FCS)-supplemented medium and then maintained in serum-free basal medium (DMEM) supplemented with fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) for a starvation period of 24 hr before the addition of factors. The effect of factors was tested at different times (4, 10, 22, and 28 hr). At each time, [methyl-3H]thymidine or [5,6-3H]uridine was added to the control and treated cells; the incubation time after the addition of labeled precursors was 2 hr at 37 degrees C. The results obtained indicated that the addition of EGF or FCS significantly stimulated [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA, reaching the maximum effect after 22 hr. EGF alone significantly stimulated [3H]uridine incorporation into RNA, and this effect was already maximum at 4 hr and remained constant up to 22 hr. The addition of insulin alone caused a slight increase in nucleic acid labeling for short times (4-10 hr). In contrast with EGF, no detectable stimulation of incorporation of labeled precursors after insulin treatment for 22 hr was observed. On the other hand, the addition of insulin in the presence of EGF induced an increase of the values observed with EGF alone on macromolecular synthesis at all the times studied. Furthermore, a decrease in cell number was observed in confluent cultures maintained for 1 week in medium containing DMEM + BSA in comparison to serum-supplemented (DMEM + BSA + FCS) cultures.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
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164. Effects of salmon calcitonin administration on spontaneous or neuroleptically-induced dyskinesias.
- Author
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Nicoletti F, Patti F, Marano P, Condorelli DF, Scarzella L, Bergamasco B, Marino V, Reggio A, and Scapagnini U
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Antipsychotic Agents antagonists & inhibitors, Calcitonin therapeutic use, Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced drug therapy
- Published
- 1983
165. Effects of some typical and atypical antidepressants on GAD activity in various brain regions.
- Author
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Rampello L, Patti F, Condorelli DF, Reggio A, Prato A, Canonico PL, and Nicoletti F
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain enzymology, Male, Prolactin blood, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism, Antidepressive Agents pharmacology, Brain drug effects, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism
- Abstract
The AA. have investigated the effects of acute or chronic injection of typical and atypical antidepressants on the activity of the GABA--synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) in discrete brain regions. Very significant changes in GAD activity were only observed with sulpiride and nomifensine, two atypical antidepressants that selectively influence dopaminergic transmission and, in turn, prolactin secretion.
- Published
- 1982
166. [Hyperprolactinemia and catalepsy induced by haloperidol].
- Author
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Reggio A, Condorelli DF, De Simone D, Giammona G, Maccagnano C, Panico AM, and Tigano G
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Male, Pituitary Gland transplantation, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Catalepsy chemically induced, Haloperidol administration & dosage, Prolactin blood
- Abstract
The effect of endogenous hyperprolactinemia induced by pituitary transplantation under the kidney capsule on haloperidol induced catalepsy was evaluated in male Wistar rats treated with two doses of the drug (500 gamma/kg; 2 mg/kg i.p.). Rats of 220 +/- 30 g received intraperitoneal injection of haloperidol. Every five minutes following drug administration the rats were assessed for catalepsy by placing the forepaw on a horizontal bar, and observed for two minutes. Data obtained show that hyperprolactinemia potentiates the cataleptic score in rats treated with dose of 500 gamma/kg i.p., while no significant difference was observed between hyperprolactinemic rats and control rats, at the dose of 2 mg/kg i.p. of haloperidol.
- Published
- 1981
167. Activation of excitatory amino acid receptors reduces thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation rate in primary cultures of astrocytes.
- Author
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Condorelli DF, Ingrao F, Magri G, Bruno V, Nicoletti F, and Avola R
- Subjects
- Animals, Astrocytes cytology, Astrocytes physiology, Brain cytology, Brain physiology, Cell Division, Cells, Cultured, Glutamates pharmacology, Glutamic Acid, Ibotenic Acid pharmacology, Oxadiazoles pharmacology, Quisqualic Acid, Rats, Receptors, Amino Acid, Receptors, Cell Surface drug effects, Thymidine, Astrocytes metabolism, Brain metabolism, Receptors, Cell Surface physiology
- Abstract
Addition of quisqualate (a heterocyclic analogue of glutamate) reduced [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation and cell proliferation in primary cultures of rat cortical astrocytes. The inhibitory action of quisqualate was mimicked by glutamate and ibotenate, whereas kainate, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) were inactive. These results suggest that activation of a specific class of excitatory amino acid receptors contributes to the regulation of growth and proliferation of glial cells in primary culture.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
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168. Effect of epidermal growth factor on the labeling of the various RNA species and of nuclear proteins in primary rat astroglial cell cultures.
- Author
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Avola R, Condorelli DF, Turpeenoja L, Ingrao F, Reale S, Ragusa N, and Giuffrida Stella AM
- Subjects
- Amino Acids metabolism, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Astrocytes cytology, Astrocytes drug effects, Brain metabolism, Cells, Cultured, DNA Replication drug effects, Histones biosynthesis, Kinetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins biosynthesis, RNA biosynthesis, RNA drug effects, Rats, Thymidine metabolism, Tritium, Uridine metabolism, Astrocytes metabolism, Epidermal Growth Factor pharmacology, RNA metabolism
- Abstract
This study investigated the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the labeling of various RNA species and of nuclear proteins in primary rat astroglial cell cultures. After 12 hours of EGF treatment in serum-free medium or chemically defined medium, significant increase in RNA labeling, and also in acid-soluble radioactivity and RNA content, was observed. The ratio RNA/DNA was significantly higher in EGF-treated cultures compared with controls. Ribosomal RNAs (28S and 18S), polyadenylated, and nonpolyadenylated RNAs showed a higher specific radioactivity in EGF-treated cultures. Among the nuclear proteins, the labeling of basic proteins was enhanced by EGF treatment, whereas that of total nuclear acidic protein (NHPs) was less modified, except for some NHPs separated by gel electrophoresis with a molecular weight (MW) approximately 95-83 and 44 kd, which were significantly more labeled in EGF-treated cultures.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
169. Sulpiride effects on nigral and striatal glutamic acid decarboxylase activity: a possible involvement of prolactin.
- Author
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Nicoletti F, Canonico PL, Patti F, Rampello L, Condorelli DF, giammona G, Di Giorgio RM, and Scapagnini U
- Subjects
- Animals, Hypophysectomy, Male, Pituitary Gland, Anterior physiology, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism, Corpus Striatum enzymology, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism, Prolactin physiology, Substantia Nigra enzymology, Sulpiride pharmacology
- Abstract
Sulpiride, a benzamide derivative neuroleptic, was shown to significantly increase glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in substantia nigra and corpus striatum in either acutely or chronically injected male rats. Hypophysectomy completely prevented this effect suggesting an involvement of an anterior pituitary factor in the central action of sulpiride. Prolactin might possibly mediate the effects of sulpiride since it is known to increase prolactin secretion by an action at the level of the anterior pituitary. Consistent with this hypothesis was the finding of a similar increase in nigral and striatal glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in hyperprolactinemic animals in which an anterior pituitary had been implanted under the kidney capsule.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
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170. Protein synthesis rates in rat brain regions and subcellular fractions during aging.
- Author
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Avola R, Condorelli DF, Ragusa N, Renis M, Alberghina M, Giuffrida Stella AM, and Lajtha A
- Subjects
- Aging, Animals, Brain metabolism, Carbon Radioisotopes, Male, Organ Specificity, Rats, Subcellular Fractions metabolism, Valine metabolism, Brain growth & development, Protein Biosynthesis
- Abstract
In vivo protein synthesis rates in various brain regions (cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum) of 4-, 12-, and 24-month-old rats were examined after injection of a flooding dose of labeled valine. The incorporation of labeled valine into proteins of mitochondrial, microsomal, and cytosolic fractions from cerebral cortex and cerebellum was also measured. At all ages examined, the incorporation rate was 0.5% per hour in cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and hypothalamus and 0.4% per hour in striatum. Of the subcellular fractions examined, the microsomal proteins were synthesized at the highest rate, followed by cytosolic and mitochondrial proteins. The results obtained indicate that the average synthesis rate of proteins in the various brain regions and subcellular fractions examined is fairly constant and is not significantly altered in the 4 to 24-month period of life of rats.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
171. [Influence of the central dopaminergic system on GABAergic activity of the cerebellum. Initial results].
- Author
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Di Giorgio RM, Nicoletti F, Amico-Roxas M, Patti F, Rampello L, Giammona G, Condorelli DF, and Pennisi MG
- Subjects
- Animals, Cerebellum drug effects, Dopamine metabolism, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism, Rats, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid biosynthesis, Cerebellum metabolism, Haloperidol pharmacology, Hydroxydopamines pharmacology, Reserpine pharmacology, Sodium Chloride pharmacology
- Published
- 1981
172. Effect of trophic factors, released after hippocampal injury, on astroglial cell proliferation.
- Author
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Condorelli DF, Belluardo N, Avola R, Insirello L, Carpano P, Nicoletti V, Bindoni M, and Giuffrida Stella AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Astrocytes drug effects, Astrocytes metabolism, Cell Division drug effects, Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase metabolism, Hippocampus metabolism, Ibotenic Acid, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Thymidine, Astrocytes cytology, Growth Substances metabolism, Hippocampus injuries
- Abstract
An increase in astrocyte mitogenic factors and in some specific astroglial enzymatic activities after neuronal injury has been observed. Our study is concerned with the effect of the intracerebral administration of ibotenic acid (IBO) into the rat hippocampus. IBO injection causes a selective degeneration of neurons while sparing afferent fibers. We observed a transient increase in glutamine synthetase activity, a well-known astroglial marker, reaching a peak at 9-15 days after injury in lesioned hippocampus. We investigated the presence of astrocyte mitogenic factors at various times after toxin injection. Crude extracts, prepared from lesioned hippocampi 4, 9, and 14 days after IBO injection, were tested for the ability to stimulate [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation into rat astroglial cell cultures. Crude extracts prepared 9 and 14 days after IBO injection showed a higher mitogenic activity compared to extracts prepared 4 days after lesion. Mitogenic activity of injured brain extracts was suppressed by heat inactivation (100 degrees C for 10 min).
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
173. [Familial amyloidosic polyneuropathy. Report of a case].
- Author
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Raffaele R, Reggio A, Condorelli DF, Patti F, and Falsaperla A
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Amyloidosis genetics, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases genetics
- Published
- 1981
174. Possible role of prolactin in the modification of medial basal hypothalamic glutamic acid decarboxylase activity.
- Author
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Prato A, Clementi G, Nicoletti F, Canonico PL, Patti F, Condorelli DF, di Giorgio RM, and Drago F
- Subjects
- Animals, Apomorphine pharmacology, Haloperidol pharmacology, Hypothalamus drug effects, Hypothalamus enzymology, Male, Prolactin blood, Prolactin metabolism, Rats, Sulpiride pharmacology, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism, Hypothalamus metabolism, Prolactin physiology
- Abstract
The effects of acute and chronic injections of haloperidol, sulpiride and apomorphine on serum prolactin (PRL) levels and medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) activity were investigated in male rats. Parallel changes in PRL and GAD activity were observed in acutely treated animals. Conversely, a return to normal of the GAD activity associated with high plasma PRL levels was induced by chronic haloperidol and sulpiride treatment. Results are discussed in the light of the possible existence of a hypothetical PRL-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) subsidiary feedback loop.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
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175. Apomorphine and cerebellar GAD activity.
- Author
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Patti F, Giammona G, Nicoletti F, Condorelli DF, Rampello L, Reggio A, and Di Giorgio RM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cerebellum enzymology, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Apomorphine pharmacology, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism, Cerebellum drug effects, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism
- Published
- 1981
176. [Evaluation of motor behavior in conditions of hyperprolactinemia].
- Author
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Rampello L, Nicoletti F, Patti F, Condorelli DF, Drago F, Maugeri S, Prestifilippo N, Patanè C, Reggio A, and Raffaele R
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain metabolism, Dopamine metabolism, Exploratory Behavior drug effects, Grooming drug effects, Male, Pituitary Gland, Anterior transplantation, Prolactin physiology, Rats, Transplantation, Homologous, Apomorphine pharmacology, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Motor Activity drug effects, Prolactin blood
- Published
- 1981
177. Comparative effects of chronic haloperidol and sulpiride treatment on nigral and striatal GABA content.
- Author
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Nicoletti F, Patti F, Condorelli DF, Rampello L, Giammona G, Di Giorgio RM, Canonico PL, and Scapagnini U
- Subjects
- Animals, Corpus Striatum drug effects, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Substantia Nigra drug effects, Corpus Striatum metabolism, Haloperidol pharmacology, Substantia Nigra metabolism, Sulpiride pharmacology, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism
- Abstract
Nigral and striatal GABA contents were assayed in male rats treated chronically with haloperidol or sulpiride, two dopamine-receptor blocking agents that have different neuropharmacological spectra in regard to their biochemical, behavioural, and clinical properties. No great difference was observed between the chronic effects of haloperidol and sulpiride on nigral and striatal GABA content. However, low doses (30 micrograms/kg, intraperitoneally) of the dopamine-receptor agonist apomorphine, injected 12 h after the discontinuation of chronic haloperidol or chronic sulpiride treatment, induced opposite changes in nigral GABA levels suggesting the existence of a different "status" of the dopamine receptors during the 12 h-period following the withdrawal of haloperidol or sulpiride.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
178. [The glucose-pyruvate test in Friedreich's ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease].
- Author
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Reggio A, Condorelli DF, Patanè C, Rampello L, Avola R, Caruso M, and Nicoletti F
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Humans, Lactates blood, Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease blood, Friedreich Ataxia blood, Glucose, Muscular Atrophy blood, Pyruvates blood
- Published
- 1981
179. Comparative effects of estrogens and prolactin on nigral and striatal GAD activity.
- Author
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Nicoletti F, Patti F, Ferrara N, Canonico PL, Giammona G, Condorelli DF, and Scapagnini U
- Subjects
- Animals, Corpus Striatum drug effects, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Substantia Nigra drug effects, Sulpiride pharmacology, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism, Corpus Striatum enzymology, Estradiol pharmacology, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism, Prolactin pharmacology, Substantia Nigra enzymology
- Abstract
The comparative effects of a 10 day estrogen treatment and estrogen independent hyperprolactinemia on nigral and striatal glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) activity were investigated in male rats. Data obtained show that estrogen treatment decreases GAD activity in substantia nigra, while an increase was observed in conditions of hyperprolactinemia induced by adenohypophysis homograft or acute and chronic sulpiride injection. The possibility of an opposite modulation of strio-nigral GABAergic system by estrogens and prolactin is suggested.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
180. Influence of hyperprolactinemia induced by adenopituitary transplantation under the kidney capsule on the glutamic acid decarboxylase activity in various brain regions.
- Author
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Nicoletti F, Di Giorgio RM, Patti F, Rampello L, Condorelli DF, Amico-Roxas M, Canonico PL, and Scapagnini U
- Subjects
- Animals, Kidney physiology, Male, Pituitary Gland, Anterior physiology, Pituitary Gland, Anterior transplantation, Rats, Transplantation, Homologous, Brain enzymology, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism, Prolactin blood
- Abstract
Glutamic acid decarboxylase activity was assayed in rat substantia nigra, corpus striatum, medial basal hypothalamus and cerebellum under conditions of hyperprolactinemia induced by transplantation of adenopituitary under the kidney capsule. The results indicate that hyperprolactinemia induces a slight increase in the glutamic acid decarboxylase activity of substantia nigra and medial basal hypothalamus and a more evident increase at striatal level. No change was observed in the cerebellum.
- Published
- 1981
181. Effects of dopaminergic drugs on cerebellar prostaglandin concentrations.
- Author
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Millia C, Nicoletti F, Grasso AA, Patti F, Condorelli DF, Rapisarda E, Rampello L, Costa G, and Scapagnini U
- Subjects
- Animals, Brain drug effects, Dinoprost, Dinoprostone, Male, Prostaglandins E metabolism, Prostaglandins F metabolism, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Apomorphine pharmacology, Brain metabolism, Haloperidol pharmacology, Prostaglandins metabolism, Sulpiride pharmacology
- Abstract
Previous data indicate that the injection of dopaminergic drugs induces changes in cerebellar 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) content. Accordingly, we have investigated the effects of haloperidol, sulpiride, or apomorphine on cerebellar prostaglandin (PG) concentration, a parameter related to cGMP content. Results obtained show that dopamine receptor blocking agents, such as haloperidol and sulpiride, significantly decrease cerebellar PGE2 and PGF2 alpha concentrations, while opposite changes are induced by apomorphine, a dopamine receptor agonist.
- Published
- 1983
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
182. Effects of different doses of apomorphine on GAD activity in rat substantia nigra.
- Author
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Condorelli DF, Giammona G, Patti F, Nicoletti F, Rampello L, Reggio A, Matera M, and Di Giorgio RM
- Subjects
- Animals, Apomorphine administration & dosage, Haloperidol pharmacology, Male, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Sulpiride pharmacology, Apomorphine pharmacology, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism, Substantia Nigra enzymology
- Abstract
The effects of different doses of the dopamine (DA) receptor agonist apomorphine on the activity of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD, EC 4.1.1.15) were investigated in rat substantia nigra in comparison with haloperidol and sulpiride, two DA receptor blocking agents. Results obtained show that low doses (10,35 microgram/kg, s.c.) of apomorphine induce a decrease in nigral GAD activity whilst an opposite effect is observed with the highest dose (1000 microgram/kg, s.c.). No significant change is observed following injection of the intermediate doses (100 and 500 microgram/kg, s.c.). Moreover, sulpiride at the dose used (2 mg/kg, i.p.) induces an increase in GAD activity whilst no effect follows systemic injection of the same dose of haloperidol. The results are discussed in light of recent neurochemical and behavioral data.
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. Possible involvement of prolactin in sulpiride-induced changes in nigral and striatal GAD activity.
- Author
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Scapagnini U, Canonico PL, Patti F, Condorelli DF, and Nicoletti F
- Subjects
- Animals, Haloperidol pharmacology, Male, Rats, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism, Carboxy-Lyases metabolism, Corpus Striatum enzymology, Glutamate Decarboxylase metabolism, Prolactin physiology, Substantia Nigra enzymology, Sulpiride pharmacology
- Published
- 1982
184. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA synthesis and energy metabolism in primary rat glial cell cultures.
- Author
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Avola R, Serra I, Curti D, Lombardo B, Renis M, Condorelli DF, and Giuffrida AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cells, Cultured, Cerebral Cortex cytology, Mitochondria enzymology, Rats, Thymidine, Time Factors, Cell Nucleus metabolism, DNA Replication, DNA, Mitochondrial metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Neuroglia metabolism
- Abstract
DNA synthesis in nuclei and mitochondria purified from serum-supplemented rat glial cell cultures at different days after plating was studied. Furthermore in mitochondria, some enzymatic activities related to energy transduction (citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, total NADH-cytochrome c reductase, cytochrome oxidase and glutamate dehydrogenase) were measured. For DNA labeling [methyl-3H]thymidine was added to the culture medium at different days after plating. During the culture times studied the specific activity of total, nuclear, and mitochondrial DNA decreased from 8 days in vitro (DIV) to 21 DIV and increased at 30 DIV. The specific activity of nuclear DNA was always higher than that of mitochondrial DNA. The specific activity of the above mentioned mitochondrial enzymes increased from 8 DIV up to 21 DIV and decreased at 30 DIV, suggesting a relationship between the energy metabolism and the differentiation of glial cells in culture.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
185. [Evaluation of motor behavior in hyperprolactinemic conditions].
- Author
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Rampello L, Nicoletti F, Patti F, Condorelli DF, Drago F, Maugeri S, Prestifilippo N, Patané C, Reggio A, and Raffaele R
- Subjects
- Animals, Apomorphine pharmacology, Behavior, Animal, Grooming, Male, Rats, Hyperpituitarism complications, Motor Activity, Prolactin blood
- Published
- 1981
186. [Influence of the central dopaminergic system on GABAergic activity of the cerebellum. Preliminary results].
- Author
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Di Giorgio RM, Nicoletti F, Amico-Roxas M, Patti F, Rampello L, Giammona G, Condorelli DF, and Pennisi MG
- Subjects
- Animals, Cerebellum metabolism, Glutamate Decarboxylase analysis, Injections, Intraperitoneal, Rats, Cerebellum drug effects, Haloperidol pharmacology, Reserpine pharmacology, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid metabolism
- Published
- 1981
187. Antioxidant enzymatic activities and resistance to oxidative stress in primary and subcultured rat astroglial cells.
- Author
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Vanella A, Avola R, Condorelli DF, Campisi A, Costa A, Guiffrida Stella AM, and Perez-Polo JR
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Free Radicals, Rats, Astrocytes enzymology, Catalase metabolism, Glutathione Peroxidase metabolism, Glutathione Reductase metabolism, Oxygen Consumption
- Abstract
The survival of neural tissues depends in part on the balance between the formation of free radicals due to oxidative metabolism and the transformation of the free radicals to non-toxic compounds. Serial subculture of rat glial cells as described here resulted in a decrease of the specific activities of several antioxidant enzymes and a glial specific marker for astrocytes. Thus, there was an increased susceptibility to oxidative stress in cultures by the third passage. These subcultured glial cell cultures may represent a useful model for the study of free radical induced neural damage that may be relevant to CNS trauma and aging.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Age-dependent changes of nucleic acid labeling in different rat brain regions.
- Author
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Condorelli DF, Avola R, Ragusa N, Reale S, Renis M, Villa RF, and Giuffrida Stella AM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cell Nucleus metabolism, Cerebellum metabolism, Cerebral Cortex metabolism, Cerebral Cortex ultrastructure, Corpus Striatum drug effects, Corpus Striatum metabolism, Cytidine Diphosphate Choline pharmacology, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Microsomes metabolism, Poly A biosynthesis, RNA, Messenger biosynthesis, RNA, Neoplasm biosynthesis, RNA, Ribosomal biosynthesis, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Aging metabolism, Brain metabolism, DNA biosynthesis, RNA biosynthesis
- Abstract
The effects of aging on in vivo DNA and RNA labeling and on RNA content in various brain regions of 4-, 12-, and 24-month-old rats were investigated. No difference in [methyl-14C]thymidine incorporation into DNA of cerebral cortex and cerebellum during aging was observed. The ratio of RNA/DNA content significantly decreased from 4 to 24 months of age in cerebral cortex, cerebellum and striatum. RNA labeling decreased by 15% in cerebral cortex of 24-month-old animals while in the other brain areas examined (cerebellum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, brainstem, striatum) did not change during aging. In the cerebral cortex, the ratio of the specific radioactivity of microsomal RNA to that of nuclear RNA, determined by in vivo experiments, was not affected by the aging process. A significant decrease of total, poly(A) RNA and poly(A) RNA content was observed in the same brain area of 24-month-old rats compared to 4-month-old ones. Moreover, densitometric and radioactivity patterns obtained by gel electrophoresis of labeled RNA after in vitro experiments (tissue slices of cerebral cortex) showed a different ribosomal RNA processing during aging. In vivo chronic treatment with CDP-choline was able to increase RNA labeling in corpus striatum of 24-month-old animals.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. Acetylation and phosphorylation of histones and nonhistone chromosomal proteins in neuronal and glial nuclei purified from cerebral hemispheres of developing rat brain.
- Author
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Serra I, Avola R, Condorelli DF, Surrentino S, Renis M, Kamiyama M, Hashim GA, and Giuffrida AM
- Subjects
- Acetylation, Animals, Brain cytology, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Phosphorylation, Rats, Rats, Inbred Strains, Brain growth & development, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone metabolism, Histones metabolism, Neuroglia metabolism, Neurons metabolism
- Abstract
The processes of acetylation and phosphorylation of histones and nonhistone proteins (NHPs) in neuronal and glial nuclei purified from cerebral hemispheres of rats at 1, 10, and 30 days of age were investigated. Purified neuronal and glial nuclei were incubated in the presence of [3H]acetyl-CoA and of [gamma-32P]ATP. Histones and NHPs were extracted and fractionated by gel electrophoresis. Densitometric and radioactive patterns were obtained. The results showed an increase of acetylation and phosphorylation from 1 to 10 and 30 days of age in both neuronal and glial nuclei in almost all histone and NHP fractions. Among the histones, the H3 fraction was always more labeled than the other fractions and showed the most remarkable differences during postnatal development. In the NHP fractions, the increase in acetylation from 1 to 10 and 30 days of age was more evident in the low-molecular-weight region of neuronal nuclei than in the corresponding fraction of glial nuclei. The appearance of highly phosphorylated proteins (70,000-90,000 daltons)--absent at 1 day, appearing at 10 days, and more evident at 30 days of age--was observed in both neuronal and glial nuclei.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. Induction of protooncogene fos by extracellular signals in primary glial cell cultures.
- Author
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Condorelli DF, Kaczmarek L, Nicoletti F, Arcidiacono A, Dell'Albani P, Ingrao F, Magrì G, Malaguarnera L, Avola R, and Messina A
- Subjects
- Animals, Astrocytes cytology, Astrocytes drug effects, Brain cytology, Brain metabolism, Cell Division drug effects, Cells, Cultured, Cyclic AMP metabolism, Ibotenic Acid pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos, Rats, Astrocytes metabolism, Cyclic AMP physiology, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Epidermal Growth Factor pharmacology, Proto-Oncogene Proteins metabolism, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Second Messenger Systems drug effects, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate pharmacology
- Abstract
In the present study various extracellular factors, acting through different second messenger systems, were examined for their capacity to increase the level of c-fos mRNA in primary glial cell cultures. In particular EGF, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, and the glutamate agonists, ibotenic and quisqualic acid, were studied. All the extracellular stimuli tested induced a rapid and transient increase in c-fos mRNA level in glial cell cultures regardless of the signal transduction pathway and the final effect on cell proliferation.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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