Search

Systems consolidation refers to the reorganization of memory over time across brain regions. Despite recent advancements in unravelling engrams and circuits essential for this process, the exact mechanisms behind engram cell dynamics and the role of associated pathways remain poorly understood. Here, we propose a computational model to address this knowledge gap that consists of a multi-region spiking recurrent neural network subject to biologically-plausible synaptic plasticity mechanisms. By coordinating the timescales of synaptic plasticity throughout the network and incorporating a hippocampus-thalamus-cortex circuit, our model is able to couple engram reactivations across these brain regions and thereby reproduce key dynamics of cortical and hippocampal engram cells along with their interdependencies. Decoupling hippocampal-thalamic-cortical activity disrupts engram dynamics and systems consolidation. Our modeling work also yields several testable predictions: engram cells in mediodorsal thalamus are activated in response to partial cues in recent and remote recall and are crucial for systems consolidation; hippocampal and thalamic engram cells are essential for coupling engram reactivations between subcortical and cortical regions; inhibitory engram cells have region-specific dynamics with coupled reactivations; inhibitory input to mediodorsal thalamus is critical for systems consolidation; and thalamocortical synaptic coupling is predictive of cortical engram dynamics and the retrograde amnesia pattern induced by hippocampal damage. Overall, our results suggest that systems consolidation emerges from concerted interactions among engram cells in distributed brain regions enabled by coordinated synaptic plasticity timescales in multisynaptic subcortical-cortical circuits.

Governments and publics in Europe and around the world have turned to innovation in response to the manifold economic, environmental, and societal challenges we are facing. However, innovations often end up in what is popularly termed as the "valley of death" between upstream creation and downstream product development and implementation. Consequently, the benefits of innovation do not always reach the citizens. In addition, critically informed governance of innovations matter because it allows steering of innovations in response to the values and end points desired by society. With the COVID-19 pandemic, we have witnessed the rise of digital health and new information and communications technologies (ICTs). The pandemic underscored the need for innovation governance between global North and the global South. We report and discuss, in this study, the development of the innXchange innovation wheel to improve innovation creation and management, using a case study of cooperation between Europe and Africa. The innovation wheel offers best practice guidance and framework to build capacity for innovation dimensions such as partnership mobilization, evaluation, and monitoring, not to mention innovation literacy. The framework emphasizes active engagement of all key stakeholders from the very beginning, also referred to as "systematic early dialog." We propose the incorporation of systematic early dialog as the best practice guidance in global South and global North cooperation for health care and ICT innovation. The framework is a novel instrument to help overcome the current barriers in planetary health innovation management and consequently, bring breakthrough discoveries in ICTs and innovative ideas to the people.

The clinical and academic landscape of Neonatal–Perinatal Medicine (NPM) is evolving. Career opportunities for neonatologists have been impacted by shifts in compensation and staffing needs in both academic and private settings. The workforce in NPM is changing with respect to age and gender. Recruiting candidates from backgrounds underrepresented in medicine is a priority. Developing flexible positions and ensuring equitable salaries is critically important. Professional niches including administration, education, research, and quality improvement provide many opportunities for scholarly pursuit. Challenges exist in recruiting, mentoring, funding, and retaining physician–scientists in NPM. Creative solutions are necessary to balance the needs of the NPM workforce with the growing numbers, locations, and complexity of patients. Addressing these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach including adapting educational curricula, supporting trainees in finding their niche, identifying novel ways to address work/life integration, and attracting candidates with both diverse backgrounds and academic interests.

The article examines the state of the youth labor market in Russia, identifies the problems of the modern youth labor market, such as the unjustified ambition of youth, mistrust of employers towards young people, the unpreparedness of the majority of young people after graduation for working life, the inadequacy of the educational system to the requirements of the business environment and the labor market, and , first of all, training of workers in professions that are not in demand on the labor market. A set of measures is proposed to solve these problems of the youth labor market: the formation of mechanisms of real interaction between the business environment, the labor market and the sphere of education; adjustment of educational programs in terms of their practice-orientedness; formation of a system for preparing young people to enter the labor market through their social and professional adaptation. The analysis of the socio-cultural characteristics of generations "Y" and "Z" is carried out, it is shown that taking into account these features will improve the situation on the youth labor market in the digital era.

This article contains about how to implement marketing strategies in the world of global or international markets in Indonesia. As we know that Worldwide Promotion is the act of displaying by worldwide organizations having worldwide organizations with worldwide advertising techniques, worldwide business sectors and worldwide products and guidelines in different countries. Globalization is another test for organizations in implementing promotion methodologies. Due to globalization, organizations are required to compete with organizations that have large capital and quality goods. To date, Indonesia is a hotly contested target market. Globalization and market competition require all leaders to focus on the world climate. This review aims to find a worldwide advertising methodology in the Indonesian market for Indonesian organizations. The examination strategy used is an expressive investigative technique. The combination of a variety of display procedures and standard promotion techniques is a worldwide advertising methodology that is appropriate to the economic situation in Indonesia. Keywords: Marketing, Global Marketing Strategy, Globalization.

The article provides a retrospective analysis of the main categories of labor theory in its development and transformation, taking into account the opinions of various researchers. The essence of the concepts of "competition", "labor force" and "workplace", "labor" and "work", "personnel" and "personnel", "productivity" and "productive force of labor", "labor resource" and "labor potential", "cost" and "value" is revealed. As a result of the analysis, the author's definitions of the concepts of "ability to work", "efficiency", "thesaurus", "communication experience" are proposed. A detailed analysis of various approaches to the interpretation of these categories allowed the author to substantiate his own scientific position on the issue under study. The author, in order to illustrate the process of transformation of the categories under consideration in the course of the development of social production from industrial to post-industrial, taking into account the current stage of the formation of the digital economy, proposed the use of the concepts of "atom" and "molecule" to characterize the processes of changing the application of human labor in the new conditions of the digital economy in comparison with the traditional labor process in an industrial society. As a result of the implementation of the author's approach, it is proposed to update the definition of the concept of "personnel competitiveness" taking into account its transformation in the digital economy.

The article examines modern approaches to solving the problem of using information technologies in the management of agricultural business, which is an urgent direction for improving the management system in the context of the implementation of national standards in the field of digitalization of the economy. The essence and content of the approaches used to collect and process information approaches are revealed, their advantages and disadvantages are noted. The direction of the use of innovative information platforms has been substantiated, contributing to the use of innovative software automated products for making managerial decisions on the provision of agricultural production with materials at different stages of reproduction, on cost optimization, rational use of financial, material and labor resources. The directions of using methods and techniques of digital information technologies in organizations of the agricultural industry in a certain future are determined, which is associated with the regulation of the expected results from agricultural production in the future.

In an environment where technology is developing rapidly, product life cycles are constantly shortening, competition is increasing, and innovation resources are easily acquired by other competitors, it is particularly important for companies to successfully implement technological innovation. It is of great significance for companies to find the weak links of their technological innovation and prioritize improvement and enhancement of their technological innovation capabilities. As the main body of the agricultural machinery industry, private agricultural machinery enterprises are playing an increasingly important role. A correct understanding of the technological innovation activities of private agricultural machinery enterprises and the establishment of a reasonable evaluation index system for technological innovation capabilities are of great significance to the technological innovation management of private agricultural machinery enterprises. In accordance with the theory of technological innovation and the characteristics of private agricultural machinery enterprises, a technical innovation evaluation index system for private agricultural machinery enterprises has been established. The indicator system starts from the concept of private agricultural machinery enterprises, analyzes the status quo and development trend of the agricultural machinery industry, and takes private agricultural machinery enterprises in Heilongjiang Province as the research object. It summarizes the status quo and characteristics of technological innovation of private agricultural machinery enterprises and then establishes the private agricultural machinery enterprises. The system starts from the aspects of innovation resource input, innovation output, technology density, innovation effect, market realization, and innovation tendency, and selects 16 specific evaluation indicators. According to the established capability, projection pursuit is adopted. The method combined with the genetic algorithm and the genetic algorithm in MATLAB and the direct search toolbox were employed to comprehensively charge the capabilities of the five sample enterprises, and the evaluation results were objective and credible.

With the advent of the fourth industrial revolution, professional resource management in the engineering sector has been gaining importance. And countries around the world are paying special attention to realizing and using the potential of female engineering talent that has been on the rise. Nevertheless, there is still a leaky pipeline of female engineering talent. As such, this study aims to provide a new platform that incorporates the latest technologies to promote female engineering talent. First, it introduces the existing career management platforms developed for female engineering students, along with their limitations to become a lifelong career management platform. In addition, the study proposes a customized career management platform for female engineering talents in line with their life cycles, empowered by artificial intelligence, big data and blockchain technologies which are characteristic of the fourth industrial revolution. With the help of a career management platform reinforced by such latest technologies, career interruption and a loss of female engineering talent will be prevented, and through sustainable career management of talent, the overall national competitiveness will be enhanced.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the function of the workplace representative of the labor union in legal theory.

Venture capital has emerged as an important intermediary in financial markets, providing capital to young high-technology firms that might have otherwise gone unfunded. Venture capitalists have developed a variety of mechanisms to overcome the problems that emerge at each stage of the investment process. This study selected the China Venture (CV) source database for venture capital (VC) research in the Chinese Internet industry and extracted information on investment time, VC firms, and investment amount. Combining theoretical analysis and empirical research, the differences between the leader community and the self-organizing community in the Chinese Internet industry are analyzed and the reasons and paths leading to the change of investment performance are determined. It is found that the information dissemination of core nodes promotes the information dissemination of leaders’ communities and the two kinds of organizational learning have different effects on investment performance in the two communities. Under experimental learning and information dissemination, the investment performance of the leader community is greater than the self-organizing community. The outcomes of this research can be used as a reference for the sustainable development of the Chinese Internet industry.

In 2019, the transaction value of digital economy has reached $ 40 billion with a projected growth of 49% per year. One of the fast growing digital economy in Indonesia is Peer to Peer Lending (P2P Lending) fintech. The Directorate General of Taxes (DGT) as tax authority must be careful in taking the advantage of opportunities to optimize tax revenue. This study describes the exploration of tax potency in P2P lending business carried out by tax officers. The focus of this research is to find out the taxation aspects of the P2P lending business, to find out how to extract potencies carried out by the tax authorities, and to find out the obstacles in extracting tax potency in the field. The analysis used in this study is qualitative methods. The results indicate that extracting tax potency in this business is still not optimal. Factors that become obstacles in exploring the potency are the limited access to financial data of taxpayers, the absence of specific tax rules regulating the P2P lending business, and the lack of cooperation between interrelated agencies.

Subject. This article discusses the issues of management of creation and commercialization of intellectual capital and knowledge capital. Objectives. The article aims to develop recommendations for optimizing the processes of creation and commercialization of intellectual capital and knowledge capital. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of logical and comparative analyses. Results. The article offers recommendations for optimizing the processes of creation and commercialization of intellectual capital. Conclusions. The use of the intellectual capital and knowledge capital management system helps assure an uninterrupted implementation of innovative projects and undesirable deviation adjustment.

Volatility forecasting is an important aspect of finance as it dictates many decisions of market players. A snapshot of state-of-the-art neural network–based financial volatility forecasting was generated by examining 35 studies, published after 2015. Several issues were identified, such as the inability for easy and meaningful comparisons, and the large gap between modern machine learning models and those applied to volatility forecasting. A shared task was proposed to evaluate state-of-the-art models, and several promising ways to bridge the gap were suggested. Finally, adequate background was provided to serve as an introduction to the field of neural network volatility forecasting.

Intellectual property right is an intellectual (intellectual) right that belongs to the result of the activity of the initiator of the actions of the rights holder or owner. The owner has the right to the absolute legal use of such property, at his discretion, in any form and in any way. The use of such property objects belonging to the right holder on the basis of absolute right is allowed only with the consent of the rights holder or the owner.

This longitudinal study explored how the relationship-building behavior of new employees induces career success. First, we proposed and tested a model based on mentoring and social capital theories, using mentor tie strength as a mediator to explain the association between relationship-building behavior and career success (career satisfaction and promotion). Next, we examined the moderating role of social network density and the moderated mediation effect. Survey data were collected at two time points from 252 new employees of a Chinese company. The results indicate that mentor tie strength mediated the association between relationship-building behavior and subjective career success (career satisfaction), and that social network density moderated the relationship between mentor tie strength and career satisfaction. Further, mentor tie strength mediated the association between relationship-building behavior and subjective career success (career satisfaction) when social network density was low; however, the mediation effect was nonsignificant when social network density was high. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications.

The article investigates the theoretical and practical principles of using digital technologies in the management of agricultural enterprises. The dynamics of Ukraine’s position in the world ranking of digital competitiveness is analyzed, the leading countries in digital transformation of economic systems are identified in order to study the progressive experience of digitalization of the economy, its spheres, agriculture in particular. The evolution of technologies and business ideas in agriculture, which can be represented as a two — factor model of development, is studied. The comparative analysis of approaches to conducting agrarian business is carried out. It is noted that almost all large holdings in Ukraine are now actively investing and implementing digital solutions, it can also be seen that at all levels of agricultural production the country already has its leaders with extensive experience in implementing digital technologies. It is hypothesized that an important indicator of the development of digitalization are digital technologies formed with world experience. They can be divided into eight main areas of activity: FMS (farm management systems); data collection and aggregation (for precision farming), forecasting; marketplaces; robotic equipment and drones; sensors; reasonable irrigation; animal husbandry; next generation farms. Based on world experience, the peculiarities of the application of certain digital technologies in certain areas of agriculture are considered and assumptions are made about the possibility of their use in the realities of domestic agricultural production. It is concluded that the path or vector of digitalization in agriculture can be represented as three stages for agricultural holdings and two stages (without the last) for relatively small farmers: the first stage characterizes the agricultural company with efficient business processes (here must be implemented and fully integrated internal accounting systems). and a single digital back office); the second stage of development is a digital technology company (it uses innovative technologies such as precision farming, artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision (CV), machine learning (ML), etc.); the third stage is the ecosystem of the agricultural holding (a whole infrastructure of innovations has already been built here). Keywords: digitalization, digital technologies, agriculture, digitalization of agricultural production, digital infrastructure of agricultural enterprise. JEL Classification Q16 Formulas: 0; fig.: 3; tabl.: 0; bibl.: 13.

The large number of people who avoid taxes has made the government look for effective and efficient alternatives to enforce an orderly and legally correct manner, namely by issuing the Law on the Disclosure of Financial Information. The Law on Financial Information Disclosure was published on 23 August 2017. Access to financial information for tax purposes includes access to receive and obtain financial information in the context of implementing the provisions of laws and regulations in the field of taxation and the implementation of international tax treaties. This study aims to analyze how much influence tax education can have on building tax awareness, to analyze how much the Financial Information Disclosure Act is known and understood by prospective taxpayers and taxpayers, and to analyze the effect of the Law on the Disclosure of Financial Information to make Personal Taxpayers. pay taxes orderly. The research method used is Path Analysis. Keywords: tax education, disclosure of financial information, tax compliance funds

The increases in ICT infrastructure/equipment investment and increased ICT adoption tend to be strongly correlated with economic growth and productivity. However, the digital economy needs more participation of digital government, and the people who run the economy plays an important role. Economy operators/leaders need to be equipped with a sufficiently deep understanding of technology trends and innovation technology to apply digital economy development. Digital technology has significantly changed the speed of operation in the economy. The internet and digital devices are drivers of economic growth. This article analyzes the Vietnam digital economy and society in the context of comparison with ASEAN countries and draws conclusions regarding future development trends.

This research reviews how mentoring has manifested in public service and how it can evolve to be better positioned to address key diversity, equity, and inclusion objectives. This work inventories the current understanding of public sector mentoring, highlighting the contrast between the classical mentoring approach of functionalism with the emerging humanist approach. Barriers to implementing meaningful humanist mentoring are reviewed, and e-mentoring is presented as a modality well situated to overcome these obstacles. The humanist e-mentoring model provides a process and modality to advance social equity by removing existing barriers to opportunities. Finally, best practices and outcomes for successfully implementing e-mentoring humanist and relationships in public service are presented and an updated model of critical outcomes is advanced. A brief agenda for future scholarship on this topic is presented.

Taxes are one of the state's largest sources of income. For businesses, taxes are a burden that can reduce profits. The government wants high tax revenues, but businesses want low tax revenues. Therefore, this is a tax avoidance act that seeks to minimize the amount of tax a company pays for violating or being legal. This study aims to determine how tax aggressiveness can be seen from aggressive accounting theory. The tax aggressiveness measure uses the company's ETR. This is the income tax expense divided by the profit before income tax. The sample of this survey consists of manufacturers listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) between 2017 and 2019. Targeted sampling was used to select the samples, and 54 companies obtained samples. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study show that the Inventory Intensity does not affect tax aggressiveness. Capital Intensity, Fixed Assets Intensity, and Firm Size have a significant positive impact on tax aggressiveness.

This note examines how recent volatile fluctuations of world commodity prices due to the COVID-19 shock affect Asian commodity exporting economies. Our analysis shows that a drop in world commodity prices has a significant negative impact on output, consumption, and investment of sample countries. However, the impact on trade balance is positive in some countries and negative in others. The difference between these two groups is attributable to whether world commodity prices affect each country's interest rate spreads.

The advancement of digital technology encourages the growth of MSMEs transacting online. However, the phenomenon shows that the Indonesian tax ratio declines because the tax compliance increase rate does not accompany the potential tax base growth. This study analyzed the determining factors of tax compliance: tax knowledge, tax sanctions, peer influence, and the quality of tax authority services moderated by risk preferences. Because of the data analysis, it was discovered that only tax knowledge had a clear impact and risk preferences had no significant influence on the factors that influenced MSME tax compliance in digital transactions. Limited information circulating citizens about MSME-specific policies in digital commerce and rules that have not been communicated in online marketplaces are the main tasks for tax authorities in Indonesia. This study proposes a model of MSME's tax compliance in a digital transaction.

Some new characterizations of the generalized Moore-Penrose inverse are proposed using range, null space, several matrix equations and projectors. Several representations of the generalized Moore-Penrose inverse are given. The relationships between the generalized Moore-Penrose inverse and other generalized inverses are discussed using core-EP decomposition. The generalized Moore-Penrose matrices are introduced and characterized. One relation between the generalized Moore-Penrose inverse and corresponding nonsingular border matrix is presented. In addition, applications of the generalized Moore-Penrose inverse in solving restricted matrix equations are studied.

Globalization has brought about concerns of domestic job losses due to outsourcing to countries like China. The ‘employment footprint’ concept provides new insights into the implications of trade for employment. Using this approach for the period of 1995–2008, we analyze the relation of US jobs with international trade, particularly with China. Furthermore, we compare the US employment footprint with its labor endowment to assess if the country could be self-sufficient in terms of labor. We find that the US’s consumption increasingly depends on foreign workers. The country ‘consumes’ more labor than is nationally available; thus, self-sufficiency is not possible under realistic assumptions. Moreover, the US has benefited from jobs–especially in services–generated by the world economy. Referring to Albee’s famous play about living in illusions, we use ‘Virginia Wu’ as a Chinese version of ‘Virginia Woolf’ to argue that the perceived threat of China (Virginia Wu) is only an illusion.

Introduction. The formation of financial resources of the state and united territorial communities in the conditions of transparency of fiscal relations requires the authorities to implement adequate to European standards tax policy. The relevance of the study of comprehensive aspects of tax policy of the state is due to the implementation of effective approaches in the direction of financial support of priority sectors of Ukraine's economy. Today, the leading role belongs to tax payments, which under conditions of rational administration should become a catalyst for innovative development of Ukraine. It is with the help of tax policy tools that it is possible to create favorable conditions for doing business, investing, innovating and improving the well-being of citizens. Therefore, the priority is to study modern aspects of tax policy of Ukraine in order to form ways to improve its efficiency. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of the formation and effective implementation of the tax policy of the state at the present stage of socio-economic development of Ukraine. Results. The essential determinants of taxes and tax policy in the context of their impact on the development of the state economy are identified. The basic principles of tax policy formation in Ukraine are considered. The functions of tax policy were monitored, among which considerable attention was paid to the fiscal function as a priority and dominant in modern inter-budgetary processes. The article highlights the features of tax policy in terms of shifting the tax burden from mobile factors of production to natural resources. Emphasis is placed on cooperation between the state, taxpayers and the public in the direction of developing effective measures to reform the tax system through the use of incentives, digital technologies, social orientation of taxation. The analysis of the main parameters of fiscal efficiency of the tax policy of the state is carried out, as a result of which the important role of tax payments in financial resources of the state and local governments is confirmed. The factors that have a negative impact on taxation processes in the state are highlighted. Guidelines for improving the tax policy of Ukraine in the conditions of transformation of the national economy are offered. Perspectives. In further research, attention will be paid to current aspects of digitalization of the tax space of the state and the implementation in the Ukrainian system effective practices of innovation of taxation processes of foreign countries.

This paper studies international transmission of U.S. monetary policy shocks to commodity exporters and importers. After first showing empirically that the shocks have stronger effects on commodity exporters than on importers, I then augment a standard three-country model to include commodities. Consistent with the empirical evidence, the model indicates that an expansionary monetary policy shock to the U.S. increases the aggregate output of commodity exporters by more than that of importers. This is because the increased U.S. aggregate demand triggered by the shock leads to greater U.S. demand for commodities and higher real commodity prices, and thus the exports of commodity exporters increase relative to those of commodity importers. Furthermore, I show that if commodity exporters’ currencies are pegged to the U.S. dollar, then the U.S. monetary policy shocks have stronger spillovers to commodity exporters and importers. In the event that the U.S. becomes a net energy exporter, the shocks will have weaker effects on commodity exporters and stronger impacts on importers.

How does transport infrastructure spur innovation? This article examines the knowledge spillover effects of the construction of high-speed railways (HSR) in China. Using a database listing patent application information and Chinese city samples over the period 2005–2015, we find that the connection to HSR networks significantly increases the number of patents at the city level. Moreover, our results show that more collaborative or radical innovations and those operating in technologically complex industries benefit more from HSR. Our findings extend prior work on transport infrastructure and the literature on the geography of innovation and provide a comprehensive understanding of how various innovation outcomes benefit in different ways from reduced travel costs.

This article critically considers the legality of hyperlinking to copyright-protected material on the Internet. It considers the position with respect to standard hyperlinks, and attempts to provide a possible approach in light of the proposed introduction of two new exclusive rights, namely (i) the right of communication to the public; and (ii) the making-available right. These new exclusive rights appear to be an attempt to amend the South African Copyright Act in order to give effect to the 1996 WIPO Copyright Treaty, which sought to ‘digitise’ copyright law in light of the digital technology that had developed. The WIPO Copyright Treaty supplements, in particular, the rights granted to copyright owners under the Berne Convention, extending the right of communication to the public to include the making-available right. Use will be made of the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, which has given effect to the right of communication to the public (including the making-available right), following its inclusion in the WIPO Copyright Treaty of 1996. Through a more focused analysis of these exclusive rights, it is intended that this article can provide some guidance to South African lawyers and our courts when considering the application and scope of these exclusive rights.

It was intended to analyze how landscape architecture, as a field of science, brings together innovative productions and perspectives to the thought and practice of landscape treatment. Initially used to diagnose and describe the structure of the landscape, currently, it has become a field of research integrated into approaching various environmental and socio-diversity issues. To represent the knowledge structure and evolution of Landscape Architecture, we used CiteSpace and VOSviewer software which pointed to the insurgency of issues related to Ecosystem Services, which arises new debates on landscape planning and management.

In this paper a system is developed for monitoring the crops in green house using solar energy. India is an agricultural country and the agricultural sector accounts for 18% of GDP of India. This sector provides 50% employment to Indian workforce. As per 2011 census of India, almost 65% of people are fully dependent on agriculture. In spite of fertile land, crops yields are not more than compared to developed countries. Therefore, it is not wrong to say that from time to time there has been less development and research in agriculture sector. Technology may play a vital role in agricultural sector, because it reduces human effort and time. The developed system is a combination of power electronics and power system in which the system uses GSM technique (Global System for Mobile communication), Arduino, and various sensors to sense the real time data in greenhouse. Using sensor, the system obtains the real time data of the crops and then transmits it on the user mobile. The user can monitor and control the temperature, watering and light through mobile.

Innovations have the potential to help us address and overcome many of the challenges that agriculture is facing today. Yet, at the same time, they have the potential to create new, sometimes even more challenging, problems, especially when they are not governed in a sustainable way. Governing agricultural innovation sustainably requires understanding of all components that influence, and are influenced by, innovation processes, interactions across societal levels, and the normative and power dynamics that come together to shape the direction and outcomes of innovation processes. Hitherto, approaches to (agricultural) innovation and transition tend to specialize on a specific societal scale or sub-aspect of innovation or transition processes. In this article we aim to bring the strengths of some of the main approaches (Multi-Level Perspective, Agricultural Innovation Systems, Responsible Innovation, Innovation Management, Theory of Planned Behaviour) and insights from environmental governance literature together into a comprehensive framework. The framework describes seven key components and their interactions: macro context, governance system, immediate context, innovative and adaptive capacity of the actors, psychosocial factors, and the innovation process itself. Based on these, we present a subset of guiding questions that can be used diagnostically or for design purposes to support the sustainable governance of agricultural innovation processes.

Inventory Management and Control System is a very essential component for a firm. Inventory is estimated as quite possibly the most imperative resources of an endeavor. The executives of Inventory should be proactive, accurate and effective. Inventory is significant for each business to ensure smooth running of the creation interaction. A study has been taken in a startup, SRI DEVI SNACKS to know about the inventory and the control system to be adopted. The inventory management was analyzed and the control system was executed through ABC Analysis, VED Analysis & EOQ.

How firms use workforce size adjustment as a strategic response to external shocks such as exchange-rate fluctuations is an important but not yet fully understood topic. To address the void in the literature, we apply the strategy tripod theoretical framework, which sees the external shocks as an industrial impact, the budget constraints as an institutional force, and the firm leverage as an organisational capability to examine the firms’ strategic response in terms of workforce size adjustment in the Chinese economy context. Based on longitudinal data of Chinese manufacturing firms, our analysis finds that facing exchange rate shocks, firms with hard budget constraint are more responsive in adjusting their workforce than firms with soft budget constraint. Furthermore, highly levered firms, with hard budget constraint, will adjust their workforce more aggressively than firms with less debt in their financial structure.

The objective of the current study was to examine the role of innovative ideas in business sustainability. The mediating role of innovative process, innovative production and innovative supply chain was also examined. Therefore, the relationship between innovative ideas, innovative process, innovative production, innovative supply chain and business sustainability was examined. Data was collected from the employees of textile companies. As the Indonesian textile companies were under investigation in the current study. Data was collected from Indonesian textile company employees. 300 questionnaires were sent to the textile companies with the help of email. Hence, email surveys were preferred with the help of questionnaires. Results of the study highlights that the innovative ideas had a major role in business sustainability. Introduction of new ideas inside the boundaries of the organization expedites the business sustainability. Additionally, innovative ideas have a positive effect on innovative production and innovative supply chains. Moreover, innovative production and innovative supply chain have a positive effect on business sustainability. Therefore, innovative ideas increase the innovative production and supply chain which further shows a positive effect on business sustainability.

This paper investigates the impact of separating the affiliated businesses from rail operations and the associated efficiency gain on firms' exporting decisions by rail. First, an economic model was built to analytically show that an efficiency improvement in rail operations would increase the firm's product variety but decreases the skewness of export by rail. The paper then utilized China's rail reform to separate the affiliated businesses from the rail sector in 2003 as a quasi-natural experiment and adopted the difference-in-differences (DID) method to empirically verify and quantify the analytical findings. Specifically, it is found the reform to separate the affiliated businesses significantly improved the efficiency of China's rail operations. The resultant efficiency gain then encouraged firms to export by rail, with more variety of export products and higher value. More importantly, the firm's skewness of export by rail has also been reduced. The relevant policy implications have also been provided.

Debt-shared bank financing, as an innovative and collaborative financing scheme, allows the supplier to (partially) share the retailer’s bank loan obligation, including principal and interest. We study the operational and financial decisions of a chain with a supplier (Stackelberg leader) selling to a capital-constrained retailer via a debt-shared contract. We derive the equilibrium debt-shared coefficient, wholesale price, order quantity and bank’s interest rate with the retailer in different wealth regions. The very poor retailer always accepts debt-sharing and earns a profit, even if the supplier sets the wholesale price up to the retail price. The medium poor retailer might enter a supplier’s debt-sharing hole (a retailer’s wealth region) and acquire zero profit, by using debt-sharing with a wholesale price up to the retail price. For the medium poor retailer outside the hole or the medium rich retailer, the supplier offers either an optimal debt-shared bank financing contract or an optimal price-only contract at her benefit, mainly depending on the production cost and the retailer’s capital. Under debt-shared bank financing, both the supplier’s profit and the chain’s efficiency improve. The retailer might overstock when the production cost is high. Computational studies show the not very rich retailer’s profit is a bowl-shaped function of his capital and the bottom is the hole. The very poor retailer might earn a larger profit than under the optimal price-only contract. The supplier’s profit is unimodal and it achieves globally optimum in the hole (at the upper bound of the hole if production cost is low).

This paper investigated the role and importance of e-retailing in traditional marketing channels in the selected countries of the Danube region. The main aim of the research was to highlight the economic benefits of e-retailing in traditional retail institutions analyzing the revenue from the sale of e-retailing in traditional retailers' business and representation of e-retailing "click and brick" in the group of largest e-retailers. The core idea of this paper was to empirically evaluate if the e-retailing implementation is in correlation with business profit, origin and specific form of a retailer. In this context, the study was conducted using the volume of sales revenue, the origin of retailer and form of the retail outlet, as independent variables based on which a volume of e-retailing presence as the dependent variable is evaluated. This study eliminates retailer's sales revenue as a statistically significant indicator which influences the implementation of e-retailing. On the other hand, the findings show that foreign retailers significantly less likely to implement e-retailing than domestic retailers when analyzing all countries in the region. When it comes to retailing formats, results suggest that retailers with retail format shopping centres and kiosks don't have e-retailing. All remaining retail formats have e-retailing. This paper formulates practical suggestions for further using of e-retailing in Danube region countries' marketing channels.

Economic growth in Russia is impossible without the widespread use of cloud and mobile technologies in the tax system. The study is aimed at identifying aspects of the introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) in tax procedures in order to increase economic growth rates and at substantiating the importance of using digital technologies in the tax sphere, taking into account the need to increase tax revenues. Digital technologies are relevant in most tax legal relations, including the calculation and payment of taxes, the process of implementing tax control by the state. Due to the development of digital technologies, the obligations of taxpayers to calculate tax and submit tax returns are subject to change, the processes of paying taxes and collecting tax payments are being transformed. When conducting the study, a combination of methods of scientific knowledge, analysis of regulatory material, historical and systemic method, formal legal method, method of description and comparison, methods of induction and deduction, as well as comparative legal analysis were used. The growth in the collection and receipt of taxes in the country’s budget system is not an obstacle to increasing the pace of economic development and economic growth in general, which is expressed in the form of GDP. Accordingly, the growth of the national economy will contribute to the increase in tax payments to the budgets of all levels. It is assumed that in 2022 there will be an increase in revenues in the form of taxes and fees to the budgets of various levels. The forecast is based on expectations of an increase in GDP and the number of economic entities-taxpayers, as well as an increase in the efficiency of the functioning of the Federal Tax Service in terms of tax administration.

Evidence shows that self-disclosure plays an important role in developing and maintaining close interpersonal relationships. As self-disclosure remains largely unexamined in the context of interventions based on youth-adult helping relationships, little is known about the effects of mentor disclosure, or the ethics of using this communication technique. In this study, we used self-report questionnaire data from 51 mentoring pairs to investigate the effect of mentor self-disclosure on relationship quality in youth mentoring relationships, and consider the ethical challenges that arise when helping adults disclose to young people. Bivariate correlations showed mentor self-disclosure was significantly associated with relationship quality for mentees, but not mentors. Qualitative content analysis showed mentors were aware of how their disclosure may have ethical implications associated with the age and role-appropriateness of topics, contradictions between their own and the mentees��� family or cultural values, and the potential to negatively influence mentee behaviour. We consider these findings in a context of ethics in youth mentoring to raise questions about the intersection of disclosure, relationship quality, and safe mentoring practice.

This article develops a system dynamics model for innovation ecosystems in the high-tech industry. The model emphasizes the interactions between high-tech enterprises, the government, and universities in the innovation process. In particular, we use two high-tech instruments, the Mars Rock Corer and the Soil Preparation System, in the aerospace innovations developed by Hong Kong Polytechnic University. These instruments are a byproduct of collaborations with the European Space Agency, Russian Space Agency, and China Space Agency. They span decades of space missions to the moon and Mars. Furthermore, we propose a three parities systems dynamics model to study innovation behaviors. This model can be used to study and analyze the stakeholders’ interactions in high-technology-oriented innovation ecosystems. Theoretical, computational, and simulation studies are also conducted to understand and evaluate the evolution of the ecosystem. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach, which can be applied in on a large scale and in complex space projects.

The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. Against the backdrop of debates and rising public sentiments against “Big Tech”, this paper takes a conceptual approach to explore the possibilities for blockchain technologies to disrupt the governance of the sharing economy value chains. Unlike centralised trust systems employed by multi-sided digital platforms, blockchains employs a decentralised, open-source system by which data can be shared, verified and monitored across multiple nodes using a consensus mechanism. We bring insights and discussions from the extant literature together to elucidate two guiding principles of the sharing economy value chains: resource optimisation and data monetisation. Against this backdrop, we propose a conceptual framework that compares the governance mechanisms and value drivers of traditional digital platforms with blockchain-enabled platforms, where both resource optimisation and data monetisation are driven by decentralised platform co-owners, rather than single platform owners. We offer case illustrations to explicate this framework and how it signposts a new, disruptive model for the governance of the collaborative economy, especially in developing countries.

The article identifies current problems of the globalized labor market of Ukraine, the main of which are a significant decline in the economically active population, reduced employment in all regions of the country, rising unemployment and labor migration, aging society, economic restructuring, falling economic growth, informatization of society. The defining approach to solving these problems is the integration of workers into the digitalized labor market, which is developing dynamically in recent years compared to the traditional market. The article presents the results of research on the current state of the labor market in Ukraine and personnel management processes in it in terms of comprehensive digitalization, taking into account the output of the new “digital generation”. in 2014-2021 and especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, the level of unemployment and migration, transformational processes in society and the economy and their impact on the formation and development of the labor market are analyzed. The main characteristics of the new “digital generation” are studied. Due to the fact that the labor market is significantly transformed and there is a need to restructure all components of the personnel management system of economic entities, the article considers the latest trends in labor and which they must have to meet the modern requirements of employers. Scientific and practical recommendations for the effective integration of the Ukrainian labor market into the process of digitalization of the global economy have been developed. The main tendencies that will form the sphere of future labor relations in the new digital labor market are systematized.

Countering disruptive innovations is critical for bolstering a business’ continuity and sustainability. Unfortunately, as theories on how to counter disruptive innovations remain largely underdeveloped, the identification of meaningful business models that can be replicated to counter disruptive innovations also seems a challenge that still confounds most of the contemporary business executives. It is such a challenge that this research sought to address by using a meta-synthesis to analyse the strategic management and marketing theories to identify a combination of strategies that can constitute a business model that the executives can replicate to counter disruptive innovations. To counter disruptive innovations, findings revealed proactive strategic analysis and sensing to be of essence for identifying unfilled low-end or new-market footholds that can be filled through new value innovations before disrupters are able to do so. It is further posited that such initiatives must be accompanied with product modifications to enrich the features, quality, designs and functionality of the existing products to counter the disrupters’ gradual creep into the incumbents’ mainstream up-markets. Besides assimilation of disrupters’ unique technologies and competencies through acquisitions and strategic alliance and partnership with disrupters, incumbents can also pursue organic assimilation of disrupters’ unique technologies and core competencies through extensive investments in R&D. The paper concludes with the suggestion of a business model that businesses can replicate to counter disruptive innovations.

Faced with a demographic boom, enormous urbanization and a lack of agricultural land, traditional agricultural production is losing pace with new needs and demands. Due to the increased demand for food, efforts are being made to develop technologies that would improve production, with the sustainable use of existing resources. Solving this challenge is possible by introducing Internet of Things technologies, satellite navigation, mobile communications and ubiquitous computing, which is called smart agriculture. The main goals of smart agriculture are to increase yields (provide information needed to analyze and make decisions that will maximize yields), efficient water use, more efficient agricultural operations (automation of daily activities, real-time monitoring, advanced analytics, daily and seasonal forecasting), cooperation with suppliers and public administration are more efficient and take place in real time). This article highlights the potential of the Internet of Things, big data and drones in agriculture, as well as the challenges of applying these technologies in relation to traditional agricultural practices.

Digital technologies are changing customer expectations and reshaping the boundaries of industry markets forming ecosystems. At the same time, ecosystems are built on customer needs and go beyond a simple partnership between players from different industries to bring together digitally available services or products, providing an end-to-end experience for consumers. The article summarises research findings in the field of digital marketing and digital ecosystems. Theoretical and research issues of changes in marketing techniques for customer relationship management in the digital environment have been reviewed. The experience of the world’s leading ecosystems has been systematised, the main archetypes of digital ecosystems and key success factors have been highlighted.

Background Mentoring is recommended as an intervention to assist nurses in adjusting to the faculty role. While research on academic mentoring for nurse faculty is growing, the findings of this body of research have not been summarized to inform the development of mentoring programs. Purpose The purpose of this integrative review is to summarize and synthesize the research regarding mentoring relationships and mentoring programs in academia for nurse faculty. Method Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) methodology for integrative reviews guided this work. Electronic databases that were searched using the following terms: mentorship, mentors, mentor, nursing faculty, faculty, educational personnel, nurses, nursing, and nursing education. Primary research studies were included that examined mentoring relationships among nurse faculty, mentoring program components, and mentoring outcomes in academia. Results A total of 18 studies were included in the review. Five main topics were identified: (1) prevalence of mentoring programs and relationships, (2) priorities within mentoring programs and relationships, (3) perceived quality of mentoring programs and relationships, (4) outcomes of mentoring programs and relationships, and (5) challenges within mentoring relationships. Conclusion More research is needed to inform nurse faculty and leaders as they design effective mentoring programs and support the development of collaborative and enriching mentoring relationships.

The purpose of this study is to determine the mediating and moderating factor of organizational climate on the relationship of career adaptability and career intention. A total of 991 employees from a government institution participated in the study. The results showed that there are significant relationships between organizational climate, career adaptability, and career intention. The organizational climate was found to mediate the relationship between career adaptability and career intention. However, the organizational climate has no moderating effect on career adaptability and career intention. The result will be useful in providing guidance in the design and development of programs that will strengthen the employees’ career intention and the overall perception of the organizational climate.

The shifting of the economy from manufacturing-based to knowledge-based has raised the importance of Intellectual Capital (IC) in the business value creation process. Although IC has been recognized in integrated reports, limited information about it is still reported in traditional financial disclosures. The present study examines the extent of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) in Indian firms and assesses the gap between stakeholder expectations and industry disclosure procedures. For this purpose, content analysis has been performed on a sample of 30 non-financial firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) for the year 2019–2020 by constructing a disclosure index of 42 items based on previous studies, under the three categories of IC, namely, structural capital, relational capital, and human capital. The results reveal that the overall disclosure of intellectual capital by Indian firms is low. The companies disclose only 42% of the Intellectual Capital items. Further, it is found that maximum number of companies are disclosing structural capital, while human capital disclosure obtains the minimum score. The results imply the need to develop a proper framework for reporting intangibles in the annual statements of organizations in India.

International audience; Assessment of visual encryption of video and image content requires a reliable estimation of content recognizability and low quality. As pointed out in the literature, current methods are insufficient and research into this topic, as well as into the relation between low quality and recognizability, is still lacking. This lack of research is primarily due to a lack of data. To improve on the status-quo we have taken a recognizability database and performed a subjective quality evaluation on a subset of the images. This gives us a new database with both subjective recognizability and quality information and allows to delve into the relation between low quality and recognizability. We analyze the relationship between quality and recognizability as well as the predictive quality of state of the art visual quality indices. We show that the visual quality indices are poor indicators for the estimation of recognizability. Furthermore, we show that they must be a poor fit because of the disparity between two distinct perceptual tasks: quality and recognizability.