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PurposeThis paper examines credit composition and income inequality reduction in Vietnam. In particular, the authors focus on the distinction between policy and commercial credits and investigate whether these two types of credit adversely affect on income inequality. The authors also examine whether the educational level and institutional quality condition the impact of policy credit on income inequality.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the primary data set, which contains a panel of 60 provinces collected from the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2002 to 2016. The authors employ the generalized method of moments to solve the endogenous problem.FindingsThe authors show that while commercial credit increases income inequality, policy credit reduces income inequality in Vietnam. In addition, we provide evidence that the institutional quality and educational level condition the impact of policy credit on income inequality. Based on the findings, the paper implies that it was not the size of the private credit but its composition that mattered in reducing income inequality due to the asymmetric effects of different types of credit.Practical implicationThe government should focus on credit for the poor by helping them to exit poverty through investing in human capital, health and micro enterprises activities.Originality/valueThis is the first study that examines the links between the two components of credit and income inequality as well as the constraints of the links. The authors argue that analyzing the separate effects of commercial and policy credits is more important for explaining the role of credit in income inequality than the size of total credit.

This paper develops and applies a new evaluative approach to local entrepreneuriale cosystems, as configural narratives. We examine how configurations of local entrepreneurial ecosystem attributes, as evaluated by local experts, support or hinder the emergence of new and innovative firms. Drawing on sociology of place, we present a novel configurational comparative analysis of local experts' evaluation of their ecosystems in Chile. Our proposed approach to entrepreneurial ecosystems helps us uncover two counterintuitive findings and so elaborateon interferences that have not yet been addressed through conventional concepts, methods and data. First, we reveal three distinct ecosystem types explaining different local levels of new firm activity: Active self-propelled, Indulged and Passive self-absorbed. The internal composition of these types change when only innovative and high growth firms are taken into consideration. Second, we show why, when seen as configural narratives, ecosystem attributes that have been assumed necessary play only a peripheral role. Our study demonstrates a split picture against seemingly similar outcomes and homogenous local contexts, contributing to the advancement of entrepreneurial ecosystem theory, observation and assessment.

Gender constituted one of the key foundations of the European order, shaping almost every sphere – social, economic, religious and political. Though there were significant changes over the early modern period, the fundamental assumptions underpinning educated and popular thinking, very different from those of today, survived intact. Knowing that gender would be a major factor shaping their children's future, parents raised them accordingly. Education was about absorbing values as well as skills, and concepts of honour and reputation remained firmly gender-based. Gender was equally reflected in the judicial system. Judges, lawyers and juries were male, and the law regarded husband and wife as one person, the man. The early modern period witnessed several significant changes affecting both gender and the family. The ideal family was seen as a loving partnership, but one in which the husband's supremacy was sacrosanct. In many other respects, however, the family differed sharply from its modern equivalent, in character, function and composition.

Starting from an interdisciplinary perspective of the concepts of body, perception, and technologies in the contemporary scene, this text will attempt to define the general aesthetic notion as bodyscape as an extension of the performer’s perception. Through a survey of some key practices from the contemporary scene such as choreographic compositions by Myriam Gourfink, Isabelle Choinière, and project of motion signature by Martine Époque and Denis Poulin, the impact of technologies on redefining the process of the performer’s perception in the composition of the movement and the change of the notion of presence will be analysed. In this sense, a series of modifications that influence also the spectator’s perception is presented. Therefore, the notion of empathy is discussed, and an attempt to find out how this applies in the context of a digital image of the body is made., En partant d’une perspective interdisciplinaire autour du corps, de la perception et de l’intervention des technologies sur la scène contemporaine, ce texte définit la notion de bodyscape comme forme d’extension de la perception du performeur. En analysant des processus de composition chorégraphiques contemporains – Myriam Gourfink, Isabelle Chonière, et le projet signature motrice conçu et dirigé par Martine Époque et Denis Paulin – nous discuterons l’intervention des technologies sur la redéfinition de la perception des performeurs, pendant la composition du mouvement en redefinissant la notion de présence. Le cadre de cette réflexion mène aussi à interroger les modifications de la perception concernant le spectateur en nous permettant d’introduire la notion d’empathie pour comprendre si cela s’applique face à l’image numérique du corps., Ao partir de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar acerca dos conceitos de corpo, percepção e tecnologias na cena contemporânea, este texto tentará definir a noção estética geral de bodyscape como uma extensão da percepção do performer. Por meio de um exame de algumas práticas chave da cena contemporânea, como as composições coreográficas de Myriam Gourfink, Isabelle Choinière e o projeto de assinatura do movimento de Martine Époque e Denis Poulin, analisa-se o impacto das tecnologias sobre a redefinição do processo da percepção do performer na composição do movimento e a mudança da noção de presença. Nesse sentido, tem-se uma série das modificações que também influenciam a percepção do espectador. Portanto, discute-se a noção de empatia e tenta-se descobrir como ela se aplica ao contextode uma imagem digital do corpo.

Las investigaciones sobre las repercusiones de la Primera Guerra Mundial en la República Argentina han sido dinámicas en los últimos tiempos, más allá de la neutralidad del país y de su distanciamiento de los principales frentes de batalla. No obstante, algunas cuestiones todavía permanecen mayormente desatendidas. Una de ellas es cómo y de qué forma la contienda impactó en las Fuerzas Armadas, en especial, en el funcionamiento de los clubes y centros militares. Para ello se tomará el caso del Centro Naval, institución que reunía a la mayor parte de la oficialidad de la Armada Argentina, entre 1914 y 1918, mediante el análisis de dos cuestiones: primero, su actividad social, a saber, los encuentros, reuniones y visitas que tuvieron lugar en sus instalaciones; segundo, la composición y el tipo de contenido que emitió su principal publicación, el Boletín del Centro Naval.

Subject. The article studies the financial composition of the Russian market. Objectives. The study identifies scenarios for the financial composition of the Russian market. Methods. The study is based on the systems approach and methods of statistical, neural network and cluster analysis. Results. The study emphasizes the importance of analyzing the financial composition of the Russian market. The Bank of Russia pursues a growth in the gross volume of loans granted by the financial system to individuals, enterprises, non-financial governmental institutions. It also tries to increment international reserves and less marketable, non-reserve assets. Depository corporations keep an eye on possible changes in requirements the bank system may set for governmental authorities of the Russian Federation, financial institutions of the Russian subjects and local authorities, governmental and other extra-budgetary funds. The study sets forth two appropriate scenarios for the financial composition of the Russian economy. I discovered that the clustering process depends in GDP at all key phases, such as production, distribution and use, and the Bank of Russia’s requirements to other financial and non-financial institutions in Rubles and foreign currency, and requirements of credit institutions to people. Basically, the macroprudential policy of the Bank of Russia shapes the financial composition of the Russian market. Conclusions and Relevance. The scenarios of the financial composition of the Russian market help the Russian government keep their activities in accordance with the Bank of Russia. The findings contribute to the knowledge and competence of the Russian government to ensure the economic growth.

Bu çalışmanın amacı, organik kozmetiklerin pazarlama bileşenlerine yönelik, kadın tüketicilerin değerlendirmelerini sosyo-demografik değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Çalışma tanımlayıcı modelde nicel araştırma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Araştırmanın ana kütlesini Malatya ilindeki kadın tüketiciler oluşturmaktadır. Evrenin özelliklerini taşıyan 583 örneklem, bu çalışma için uygun bulunmuştur. Ölçme aracı olarak organik kozmetik ürünlerin pazarlama bileşenlerine yönelik tüketici değerlendirme anketi ve tüketicilerin sosyo-demografik niteliklerine yönelik soruları içeren anket formu kullanılmıştır. Veri çözümlemede bağımsız örneklem t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizinden faydalanılmıştır. Katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri ile organik kozmetiklerin pazarlama bileşenlerine yönelik değerlendirmeleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklara rastlanmıştır., The study aims to examine the evaluations of female consumers in terms of the socio-demographic variables for the marketing components of organic cosmetics. The study is designed as quantitative research in the descriptive model. The main population of the study is the female consumers in Malatya province. 583 samples with population characteristics were found suitable for the research. The consumer evaluation survey for the marketing components of organic cosmetic products and the survey form containing the questions concerning the socio-demographic qualities of the consumers were used as the assessment instrument. The unpaired t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used in the data analysis. Significant differences were found between the socio-demographic qualities of the participants and their evaluations for the marketing components of organic cosmetics.

Harty, PS, Friedl, KE, Nindl, BC, Harry, JR, Vellers, HL, and Tinsley, GM. Military body composition standards and physical performance: historical perspectives and future directions. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2021-US military physique and body composition standards have been formally used for more than 100 years. These metrics promote appropriate physical fitness, trim appearance, and long-term health habits in soldiers, although many specific aspects of these standards have evolved as evidence-based changes have emerged. Body composition variables have been shown to be related to many physical performance outcomes including aerobic capacity, muscular endurance, strength and power production, and specialized occupational tasks involving heavy lifting and load carriage. Although all these attributes are relevant, individuals seeking to improve military performance should consider emphasizing strength, hypertrophy, and power production as primary training goals, as these traits appear vital to success in the new Army Combat Fitness Test introduced in 2020. This fundamental change in physical training may require an adjustment in body composition standards and methods of measurement as physique changes in modern male and female soldiers. Current research in the field of digital anthropometry (i.e., 3-D body scanning) has the potential to dramatically improve performance prediction algorithms and potentially could be used to inform training interventions. Similarly, height-adjusted body composition metrics such as fat-free mass index might serve to identify normal weight personnel with inadequate muscle mass, allowing for effective targeted nutritional and training interventions. This review provides an overview of the origin and evolution of current US military body composition standards in relation to military physical readiness, summarizes current evidence relating body composition parameters to aspects of physical performance, and discusses issues relevant to the emerging modern male and female warrior.

The aspects of the mutual influence of the environment and local communities at various levels of spatial development are considered. Using the example of the city of Samara, it is studied how the social and demographic composition of the inhabitants has a direct impact on territorial relations within the district. The main trends and prospects of self-development for characteristic socio-spatial units of the city, as well as planning and administrative methods of preventing territorial conflicts are presented. The necessary conditions for spatial self-organization and the formation of viable urban communities are described.

The proposed article focuses on the emergence and renewal of the lexical composition of the modern Ukrainian language during the Covid-19 coronavirus pandemic, considers the process of emergence of new complex units, the dynamics of their semantics and their acquisition of new meanings; the appearance of new complex words related to the spread of coronavirus disease and its impact on the linguistic situation in modern newspaper discourse identified trends in their activation. The widespread spread of the disease is reflected not only in medicine and all social spheres, but also in the lexical structure of many languages, including Ukrainian. The purpose of our article is to consider the current changes in complex innovations in the Ukrainian newspaper discourse caused by the new social conditions of existence during the pandemic; to study the origin and functioning of the tokens Covid and coronavirus, to analyze the thematic range and the corresponding communicative and pragmatic potential of complex innovations related to the coverage of Covid-19. The object of the study is complex words represented in the texts of modern newspaper discourse during the pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. The subject of the study is the communicative and pragmatic features of complex words (based on Ukrainian newspaper texts), the spread of which is associated with the pandemic of the coronavirus COVID-19. It is established that the most common among the complex innovations in the newspaper discourse of this period are the tokens COVID-19, coronavirus, which became a source of widespread creation of new complex words from them. Chronologically, the article covers the period from early 2020 to the first half of 2021.

The article examines the process of the historical development of Komi poetry in the 1946-2020s. The author's composition of several periods is presented in detail: the first post-war decade, 1960-1980s, 1990-2000s. The closest attention is paid to the characteristics of the work of the leading poets of these years: I. Vavilin, S. Popov, F. Shcherbacov, A. Vaneev, V. Popov, G. Yushkov, A. Misharina, V. Timin, G. Butyreva, A. Luzhikov; their main genre and thematic preferences are determined. For the first time, the description of the unified process of development of Komi poetry in the second half of the 20 - first quarter of the 21 centuries includes the newest period of the 1990s - 2000s in its connection with previous periods. A review of poetic works (poems and verses) over several decades led to the conclusion that Komi poetry since the end of the Great Patriotic War has gone through a difficult, ambiguous of development. It suffered significant losses during the repression of the 1930s and during the war years, but was able to recover and reach a new level of development. During these years, several generations of authors took part in the development of Komi poetry, turning in their work to the development of a variety of topics, genres, forms. The process of mastering by poetry in different periods of genres of European and Eastern literatures is especially noted: rubai, sonnet and wreath of sonnets, vers libre, tanka, hokku. The development of such a major lyric-epic genre of poetry as a poem is traced as one of the most important in the work.

This study is about errors made by the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Ulu Moro’o in writing recount text composition in academic year 2019/2020. The objectives of this study is to find out types of errors made by the tenth grade students in their writing recount text composition and to find out the most dominant errors made by the tenth grade students in writing recount text composition. The instrument of the research is test and documentation. The research methodology is descriptive qualitative. The subject of this study is the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Ulu Moro’o, which is consist of 30 students. The result of this study showed that there are four types of errors that occur; they are error of omission, error of addition, error of misformation and error of misordering. The data was taken from the test: it was written text. The findings showed that errors made by the students were 19,80% omission, 17,82% addition, 53,46% misformation, and 8,91% misordering. The writer observed 101 total errors. From the frequency of each error types, misformation was the error which most frequently produced by the students. The writer concluded that misformation was the dominant kind of errors made by the tenth grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Ulu Moro’o in writing recount text composition.

Purpose This paper aims to use the advertisements of three major brands – Chymol, Formamint and Lifebuoy Soap – to examine how advertisers responded to the 1918–1919 influenza pandemic in Great Britain influenza pandemic. It looks particularly at the ways in which marketing strategies changed and how these strategies were enacted in the lexical and semiotic choices (e.g. language, image, colour, typography, texture, materiality, composition and layout) of advertisements. Design/methodology/approach A total of 120 advertisements for the three brands were collected from the British Newspaper Archive and analysed using the theory and analytical tools of multimodal critical discourse analysis. The general themes and semiotic structures of the advertisements were identified, with the aim of deconstructing the meaning potentials of verbal and visual resources used to convey ideas about the pandemic, and how they work to shape public understanding of the products and make them appear as effective and credible. Findings Each brand rapidly changed their marketing strategy in response to the influenza pandemic, using such techniques as testimonials, hyperbole, scaremongering and pseudoscientific claims to persuade consumers that their products offered protection. Whilst these strategies may appear manipulative, they also had the function of fostering reassurance and sympathy amongst the general public in a moment of turmoil, indicating the important role of brands in building consumer trust and promoting a sense of authority in early twentieth-century Britain. Originality/value Exploring the way in which advertisers responded to the 1918‐1919 influenza pandemic reminds us of the challenges of distinguishing legitimate and illegitimate medical advice in a fast-moving pandemic and highlights the need to cast a critical eye to the public health information, particularly when it comes from unofficial sources with vested interests.

The goal of this master thesis is to research and develop a methodology for adaptable reconstruction of specific aspects from traditional Macedonian objects, in order to obtain inspiration for new designer products. The new products, either through their appearance or their functionality, will strive to maintain the cultural aspects, in order to enable a stronger relationship with the end users. The main focus of this master thesis is the conducted research to find which design elements and principles are authentic for the Macedonian handcrafted objects and how to implement them in contemporary industrial design and infuse them with the recognizable traditional values. The aim is to extract a general overview of forms by analysing functional objects, while recognizing the elements and principles from decorative items that have the highest cultural alue. Both types of objects add up to the feeling of identity in a time when design trends, aesthetics and functionalities are adopted from global trends overthrowing the local ones. In the making of this master thesis contemporary methods and procedures are applied. First, an verview of scientific literature will be made in the fields of aesthetics that cover the application and meaning of elements and principles in design, and their influence on design aesthetics. At the same time an overview of the influence of tradition in other cultures will be made, as well as the contribution of tradition in elevating the emotional value of products. The final goal of this thesis is the formation of a methodology or a strategy that will be used to xtract visual characteristics of Macedonian traditional objects and explore its applications in modern design products with recognizable Macedonian cultural and traditional attributes. A selection of traditional examples has been made and has been sorted in a few categories. Through observation of the examples, the collected data has been categorized by identifying the characteristic forms, colours, tones, textures and materials. The forms are reinterpreted by applying principle of deconstructivism. The end result of this phase is a base of characteristic elements (form, colour, tones, textures and materials) and characteristic principles (composition, rhythm, balance, simplicity, achieving unity, etc.), which carry the visual recognisability in acedonian tradition. And finally, this base is applied as an inspiration toolset for designing specific products, whose visual characteristics reflect upon the recognisability of Macedonian culture and identity.

The article provides an analysis of the application of administrative enforcement measures applied in the Russian migration policy. The features of the application of both administrative liability measures and other measures that are not administrative penalties are investigated. The authors also pay attention to the application of procedural security measures in migration legal relations. The article notes the importance of the fact that administrative enforcement measures in the field of migration are applied in the Russian Federation solely for the purpose of protecting the interests of the state, ensuring the safety of citizens and are based both on the norms of national legislation and on the norms of international law. The analysis of the current Russian legislation regulating legal relations in the field of migration is carried out. Special attention is paid to the composition of administrative offenses in the industry under study, the types of penalties for them, and the specifics of their application are considered in detail. Specific examples from judicial practice of consideration of the designated category of cases are given. The article examines the developing trend of judicial practice in cases of administrative offenses for non-execution of such a type of punishment as administrative expulsion.

Despite numerous studies of Felix Mendelssohn Barthody's compositional process as well as critical editions of many of his compositions, the relevant terminology is still in need of more precise definition. This applies in particular to the term "Fassung(en)" or "version(s)", which should be used to denote a self-contained and concluded state of a composition which manifests itself through dissemination, performance or publication. The present study supports this working hypothesis with several case studies and suggests a new term, "Konzept" (rough copy or preliminary concept) for a preceding compositional phase. It also argues that more precise terminology enhances our understanding of Mendelssohn's compositional process.

In the course of the aesthetic controversy of the 19th century over programme music, which was particularly intense in Vienna, 'conservative' as well as 'progressive' ciritcs, who wrote for the daily press, endeavoured to appropriate Hector Berlioz for their personal aesthetic convictions. Even for reviews written in the 1860s and 1870s, when Berlioz's large-scale works were first performed by leading Viennese orchestras, Robert Schumann's review of the Symphonie fantastique (1835) played a significant role. Schumann's appreciative assessment of the symphony, which was strongly influenced by his misconception that Berlioz was only eighteen years old at the time of composition of the Symphony fantastique, had a decisive influence on the journalistic discourse on Berlioz in Vienna far beyond the first half of the century, for example on Hugo Wolf and Edmund Schelle. Other critics, such as August Wilhelm Ambros and Eduard Hanslick, took Schumann's ambiguity as their starting point to validate their less positive judgements.

This article contains the author’s experience in composing gamelan composition, “Aruhara”. In the composing process of “Aruhara”, the author was inspired by the Genderan of Ada-ada Ngobong Dupa presented by Sumiyati. In order to create the gamelan composition “Aruhara”, the author uses reinterpretation approaches. The steps of composing the piece are: observation, exploration, elaboration, rehearsal, and finalization. The process that has been passed has resulted new offers in addressing the gender instrument, such as the use of patterns, techniques, musical scales and the connection between the instruments. The author hopes this article can be useful as an alternative source to learn gamelan compositions for gamelan composition learners, and it can provides an overview about the discourse, also the performance of Indonesian composers.Keywords::Composition, Gamelan, Gender, Aruhara, Karawitan

La música desempeñó un papel estratégico como medio de evangelización y aculturación de los nativos en el Nuevo Mundo. Esto se manifiesta fundamentalmente en el villancico, género muy difundido en las colonias. Los manuscritos de Santa Eulalia, provenientes de zonas rurales del noroccidente de Guatemala, constituyen las fuentes más tempranas de este género en territorio americano. Este trabajo presenta un análisis de la técnica usada en estas fuentes para la composición polifónica de villancicos y asimismo constata una estrecha relación entre algunas de estas piezas y el modelo musical de la folía.

This journal is entitled "Cengkok Genderan Dualolo as a Source of Ideas for the Creation of Fantasia From Dualolo Music Composition" by Purwa Askanta. The focus of the problems studied in this paper includes the analysis of musical composition works that use the source of artistic ideas from a dualolo genderan twist in Javanese Karawitan. How the idea is used as a theme and developed to form a sound building in the form of Fantasia in three parts. In this composition, there are several creation systems that need to be expressed in order to understand the reader in order to understand the concept of creating this musical work. The method used in this journal is descriptive analysis with a form of music analysis approach. The findings of this research will show creativity in composing a new musical composition by Purwa Askanta. Meanwhile, the purpose of this research is to contribute in the form of techniques and methods of creating musical works that raise a simple idea from elements of the Javanese musical tradition in the form of the dualolo gendered twisted. It is hoped that the writings in this journal can broaden the readers' insight and become a reference for those who explore the creation of musical works.

El objetivo del artículo es comprender los procesos y prácticas sociomusicales del conjunto norteño Arte Norte en la creación del corrido “Ovidio Guzmán, el Rescate”. El corrido relata los acontecimientos violentos del 17 de octubre de 2019, tras la fallida captura de Ovidio Guzmán en Culiacán, Sinaloa. Entrevistamos a los compositores y músicos para profundizar en las vivencias y la construcción de sentido musical sobre el culiacanazo. Exponemos los resultados en tres apartados: las experiencias de los músicos, las fuentes de inspiración y las motivaciones para componer el corrido; presentamos las estrategias y la inmediatez de sus prácticas de composición y difusión; por último, abordamos el contexto, las advertencias y la gestión de riesgos por parte de los músicos.

This article presents evidence to support an entirely new approach to uncovering the literary structure of the Gospel of Luke and the Acts of the Apostles, a subject which continues to attract attention and divide opinion. It draws on a field of Classical Studies that, although abundant in terms of written sources, remains understudied: ancient pharmacology. At its heart is the established four-part definition of the structural features of medical recipes for composite drugs, and an attempt to demonstrate their influence on the compositional model employed by the author of Luke–Acts. The model is first defined with reference to medical writing in antiquity, before its practical outworking is explored in the Gospel proem (i.e. the formal presentation of the work to its audience). The application of the model in individual pericopes, as well as its extension across two series of pericopes, is then examined within the narrative of the work itself.

As a part of the ecological approach, weeds are considered as plants of secondary habitats of natural and artificial origin with disturbed natural vegetation cover. Such habitats are also available in the territory of settlements. Therefore,the study of the specific composition of weeds in the territory of settlements is an important area of scientific research. Thepurpose of this study is to identify the features of the specific composition of weeds depending on the type of habitat in thecity of Vsevolozhsk (Leningrad Region). Аs a result of the study, new data were obtained on the weeds distribution in different types of habitats within the city. For comparison, harvested clogged areas and lawns were selected, 59 and 66 species wereidentified on them, respectively. Species compositions of weeds of comparable habitat types have significant similarities in thetaxonomic structure and composition of species groups which dominate in occurrence (14 common species). The proportion of young (annual and biennial) and perennial species of weeds on the compared types of habitats varies slightly. Together,15 species from the compositions of the dominant species groups are dominant in the fields of the Leningrad Region, whichdemonstrates the relationship between the different components of the weed flora of the Leningrad Region. As a part of the ecological approach, weeds are considered as plants of secondary habitats of natural and artificial origin with disturbed natural vegetation cover. Such habitats are also available in the territory of settlements. Therefore,the study of the specific composition of weeds in the territory of settlements is an important area of scientific research. Thepurpose of this study is to identify the features of the specific composition of weeds depending on the type of habitat in thecity of Vsevolozhsk (Leningrad Region). Аs a result of the study, new data were obtained on the weeds distribution in different types of habitats within the city. For comparison, harvested clogged areas and lawns were selected, 59 and 66 species wereidentified on them, respectively. Species compositions of weeds of comparable habitat types have significant similarities in thetaxonomic structure and composition of species groups which dominate in occurrence (14 common species). The proportion of young (annual and biennial) and perennial species of weeds on the compared types of habitats varies slightly. Together,15 species from the compositions of the dominant species groups are dominant in the fields of the Leningrad Region, whichdemonstrates the relationship between the different components of the weed flora of the Leningrad Region.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of using news as authentic materials for essay writing skills. This experimental study employed the one-group pre-test and post-test design to 18 fourth-semester students who joined the Essay Writing Course in one of the universities in Indonesia. These students were selected through systematic random sampling and went through treatments for 12 meetings where they were taught in a hybrid learning setting. The first four meetings used the conventional face-to-face classroom interaction. The rest of the meetings were done online because of the outbreak of COVID 19. The instruments to collect data were tests and documentation. Before they were given to the students, the teaching materials, pre-test, and post-test designs were tested and validated. The authentic materials were news texts about global issues such as poverty, environmental protection, gender, race and ethnicities, and diseases. Two raters scored the students’ writing by using Jacobs ESL Composition Profile. The researchers used IBM SPSS 25 software to analyze the data. The results of a paired sample t-test analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the students’ writing scores before and after using news as authentic materials (p = .959 α = 0.05). The paper further discusses the implications of this study for theoretical and practical use.

Critical thinking and self-voicing are two demanding skills that facilitate students to produce concise, authorial academic texts. While most writing programs and research have paid much attention to improving students’ writing achievement, less attention is given to promote these two skills in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing classrooms. This article reports a classroom-based study investigating the use of the Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) technique to promote EFL students’ academic writing skills. It particularly examines how the CIRC technique helps to foster students’ critical and self-voicing stance in developing argumentative texts. A participatory qualitative study was employed, involving 64 undergraduate students majoring in English Education. Data were generated from the participants’ writing portfolios, observations, and the teacher’s reflections. The collected data were managed, classified, and analyzed using NVivo 12 to elicit the emerging themes. Drawing on the qualitative content analysis, the results showed that the CIRC technique helped to shape the participants’ critical thinking and self-voicing skills which were consistently demonstrated during the student-centered activities and their writing results. The participants could engage in productive writing processes, such as critical reading, note-taking, summarizing, drafting and revising composition, peer-reviewing, and other related collaborative skills. The findings indicated that the development of students’ critical thinking and self-voicing skills simultaneously affected the quality of their academic writing texts.

This article – grounded in ethnographic fieldwork within the organization of chronic patients with multiple sclerosis in Russia – empiricizes and problematizes the work it takes to craft ethnographic collaborations with care. We attend to the notion of collaboration ‘from a body’, or, rather, from bodies-in-movement. By scrutinizing three turning points of our ethnographic fieldwork along with our relations with partners in the field, we specify how movement matters in ethnographic collaborations. Attention to the embodiment work allows us to specify the energy and resources such collaborations ask for and that are otherwise silenced or neglected. We distinguish three instances of embodiment work in such collaborations – composition, moving with and being moved by, as well as pausing. By attending to how ‘we know’ through crafting and maintaining ethnographic collaborations, this article contributes to a broader question of how to care for differences in ethnographic collaborations.

Одно из самых популярных у исполнителей и слушателей произведений П. И. Чайковского — Вариации на тему рококо ор. 33 для виолончели с оркестром — казалось бы, хорошо освещено в литературе, однако до сих пор пьеса остается довольно загадочной с точки зрения ее содержания. В статье делается попытка интерпретировать некоторые особенности тематизма и формы Вариаций. Отправной точкой для рассуждений стали известные слова Чайковского, обращенные к В. Фитценхагену: «Знаешь ли ты, что такое рококо? Это легкая безмятежная радостность». Обретение радости, открытие мира, где нет забот и горестей, — важная жизненная и творческая альтернатива в период работы композитора над Четвертой симфонией, в преддверии тяжелейшего кризиса 1877 года. В качестве ключевых семантических составляющих рассматриваются три сферы: русская народная песня, образ и наследие Моцарта, «галантный век» в творчестве французских композиторов периода Обновления (в первую очередь К. Сен-Санса). С Вариаций на тему рококо в творчестве Чайковского начинается линия как инструментальных, так и театральных произведений, в которых «воскрешается» французский XVIII век; можно говорить о поворотном значении данного сочинения для формирования важной составляющей стиля композитора. One of the most popular works by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky — Variations on a Rococo theme op. 33 for cello and orchestra — seems well covered in literature, but so far the piece has remained quite mysterious in terms of its content. The article attempts to interpret some features of thematic material and forms of Variations. The starting point for the discussion are the well-known words of Tchaikovsky, addressed to Wilhelm Fitzenhagen: “Do you know what rococo is? It’s a serene feeling of joy”. Finding joy, discovering a world where there are no worries and sorrows, was an important, life and creative, alternative during the composer’s work on the Fourth Symphony, on the eve of the most difficult crisis of 1877. In this study, three spheres are considered as the most important components: the Russian folk song; the image and heritage of Mozart; and finally, the siècle galant in the music of French composers of the Renewal period, primarily Camille Saint-Saëns. With Variations on a Rococo theme, Tchaikovsky starts a series of both instrumental and theatrical compositions where the French XVIII century is “resurrected”. This piece is therefore considered as crucial for formation of an important component of the composer’s style.

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of conflicts in mixed and same-sex student groups. The theoretical basis of the study was the position of the structural features of interpersonal interaction in the middle of the group, including the substructure of horizontal and vertical relationships in the instrumental and expressive spheres of group activity. The study of conflict in student groups was based on the analysis of the characteristics of interpersonal relationships between group members in certain areas. To study the peculiarities of conflict in groups of different sexes, a questionnaire was developed, which provided an opportunity to determine the overall assessment of conflict, conflict in the vertical and horizontal subsystems of group activity, as well as in its instrumental and expressive areas. 188 students from 10 academic groups of the higher educational institution took part in the survey. Of these, six were sexually homogeneous and four heterogeneous. According to the results of the survey, the gender composition of student educational groups is more related to the emotional component of group activity and the horizontal substructure of intragroup relationships. These trends were confirmed using the methods of mathematical statistics (Student’s t-test). The results suggest that gender-mixed academic groups are more resistant to conflict triggers than homogeneous ones. However the composition of the group on the basis of gender can not be considered a factor that directly determines the conflict in the field of solving business problems, as well as interaction with teachers, officials of the dean’s office and student government.

How were comprehensive pension reforms in the UK successfully developed, enacted and implemented from 2002 to 2015, despite changes in government composition and the financial crisis? Why were they not subject to policy conflict, electoral competition and policy reversal? Drawing on actor-centred historical institutionalism and thirty interviews with key actors, we demonstrate the critical role played by a limited number of politicians and policy entrepreneurs and their ideas and agency. Institutional continuity with the Beveridgean policy legacies of the pension system and the United Kingdom’s `growth regime’ enabled a coalition space to open up for policy agreement. between the government and Opposition parties, and for partisan electoral competition over the reforms to be `bracketed’. The incremental and interlocking nature of the reform package reduced interest group opposition and enabled a centralisation of decision-making power. A long-term timeframe for reform cemented the formation of an elite coalition and buttressed political control. Cross-party support for the reform package, coupled with judicious phasing of the implementation of auto-enrolment and fiscal reforms, enabled it to withstand the impact of the financial crisis and the austerity that followed it, and to minimise opposition among the critical electoral constituency of older voters. The dominance of the reform process by political actors and policy entrepreneurs in the UK nonetheless came at a price, as institutional continuity and incrementalism foreclosed alternative reforms. We demonstrate the importance of political statecraft and policy entrepreneurship in the UK pensions’ reform process, but within boundaries set by its institutional context.

This article deals with the genesis and functioning of the Lviv Historical School of M. Hrushevsky. The plans to create a historical school of Ukrainian character at the University of Lviv were made by the initiators of the department of World History – specializing in with the history of the Western Europe – i.e.O. Barvinsky, V. Antonovych, and O. Koninsky, as well as by M. Hrushevsky. The school had a two-stage structure of formation and functioning: the historical seminar of the University of Lviv and the section for the history of philosophy of the Scientific Society of Shevchenko. It made it possible to gather creative young people on the first stage at the University of Lviv, and introduce them to the scientific work and to prepare and train the new employees on the second stage in the section for the history of philosophy of the Scientific Society of Shevchenko. The composition of the school were elaborated relying on the firstly determined criteria (taking part in the scientific seminar, the work in the sections and commissions of the Scientific Society Shevchenko, scholar maturity etc). It was determined that the Lviv school counted 20 young historians, among whom one was a woman. The Ukrainian Galician Center of Hrushevsky was characterized as a common school of the leadership type, whose didactic tasks were accompanied by the simultaneous creation of the new Ukrainian historical ideology. It was concluded that the Lviv Historical School was undoubtedly the most important humanistic phenomenon in the Ukrainian science, both in terms of effectiveness and the temporal range of influence. Its appearance marked the entry of Ukrainian science into a new level of professionalization.

In the article, we will show the main important results of the international research project The impact of WWI on the formation and transformation of the scientific life of the mathematical community. It was supported by the Czech Science Foundation for the years 2018–2020 and brought together ten scientists from five countries (Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, USA, and Ukraine) and used the collaboration with historians of mathematics and mathematicians from many other European countries. We will discuss our motivation for the creation of the project, our methodological and professional preparations which profited from the international composition of the team and its longtime collaborations, profound specializations and experiences of the team members, and their deep and long-term studies of many archival sources and basic published works. We will present our choice of the general research trends, our definition of the scientific questions, and our determination of the main topics of our studies. We will describe our most important results (books, articles, visiting lectures, presentations at national and international conferences, seminars and book fairs, exhibitions, popularizations of the results between students, teachers, mathematicians, historians of sciences, and people who love mathematics and its history). We will analyze the new benefit that the project created for the future, for example, good platforms for future international research and cooperation, the discovery of many new interesting research questions, problems, and plans.

Herbal sedatives have been popular for several centuries, and the accumulated knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation laid the foundation for the development of traditional medicine, and over time for such a science as herbal medicine. Herbal sedatives have a wide range of therapeutic effects, are well tolerated and have no serious adverse reactions, and are not addictive. According to statistical data on the incidence of the population by main classes and individual diseases for 2010-2018, the number of patients with diseases of the nervous system is growing annually, along with this, the need for sedative drugs is increasing. In this regard, the search and development of effective and safe medicines based on medicinal plant raw materials is an urgent area [1, 2]. Pharmaceutical infusions and decoctions, according to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 751n dated October 26, 2015, have a shelf life of 2 days, which significantly limits the possibility of their use. The production of films based on aqueous extracts from medicinal plant raw materials will make it possible to obtain more stable drugs, in addition, films have a number of advantages over other dosage forms. Films containing biologically active substances of plant origin have received the unofficial name phytofilms, which are a type of transdermal therapeutic systems. Phytofilms are hydrophilic systems that swell when in contact with water (or biological fluid), absorbing it in a certain amount, which leads to the dissolution of biologically active substances. They differ from synthetic polymeric therapeutic systems in that phytofilms are made in the form of matrix transdermal therapeutic systems on carriers of natural origin (gelatin, collagen, sodium alginate, agar-agar, etc.), which makes them safer [3, 4].

VENESS OF FRAME COMPOSITION IN THE CURRENT SCREEN SPACE FORMATIONS Summary: The article examines the variability of non-standard frame composition, the displacement and interaction of visual objects, everything that is characteristic and specific to the structure of the screen space. The author focuses attention on the location of objects within the frame, which is experiencing a new actualisation, expressed, only at first glance, in an incorrectly built on-screen construct, when the composition of the frame implies, in some cases, the construction of an image with a change in its essential components. Artist I.Repin’s artworks, on which the faces of the portrayed - R.Levitsky (1878) and P.Samoilov (1915), are depicted closer to the edge of the frame, are presented as illustrative material in this work. Attention is focused on similar features of the embodiment of characters’ images in films (Arrhythmia, directed by B.Khlebnikov, 2017, Russia; The White Crow, directed by R.Fiennes, 2019, UK, France, Serbia), and in the programs of national television. Thus, the phenomenon of non-standard screen composition and the reasons for the increased use of this approach by camera operators when shaping a frame in modern media were considered using examples of paintings, cinematographic films, television materials. As a methodological basis, both theoretical and empirical, general scientific and special methods were used, which made it possible to clarify the properties of the compositional structure of the screen space as a diverse expressive form presenting audiovisual content to the viewer. The research was based on the Photocomposition theoretical course by L.Dyko and A.Golovni, as well as the scientific positions of L.Kuleshov, a director and theorist of cinema. At the same time, the content of the work was primarily determined by the experience of professional activity and the practical participation of the author in the creation of various screen products, including the ones based on which the analysis and theoretical substantiation of the practical necessity of the methods, actively used today in the creation of various screen compositions during the filming process and post-production, were made. The publication will attract the attention of specialists and be of interest to a wide range of readers and viewers since the problem of the combinatorial composition of the frame remains a significant issue in the construction of screen space in the field of television, cinema and the Internet resources.

O presente artigo tem como foco Rufino, poeta grego sobre o qual pouco se sabe, cujos poemas supérstites estão conservados no quinto livro da Antologia Grega ou Palatina. Meu objetivo principal é discutir um certo conjunto de epigramas em que o poeta descreve tipos femininos cujas graças rivalizam com as deusas – em alguns deles, inclusive, o poeta reelabora em chave epigramática o tema do Julgamento de Páris –, com o intento de demonstrar que, ao emular pintores e escultores, Rufino, em seus poemas plástico-eróticos, põe em cena aspectos importantes relacionados à composição artística de um modo geral baseados na emulação, de maneira que, por tudo isso, seus epigramas não seriam somente eróticos, mas comportariam também uma dimensão programática.

The article aims to highlight the contributions of an important illustrator to the scenario of the history of design and illustration in Brazil: Cândido Aragonez de Faria of Sergipe (Brazil). These contributions are presented by means of a rescue of his biography and performance trajectory in the composition of posters for French cinema. It makes use of a documentary and hermeneutic analysis of the historical trajectory of Sergipe's posterist and questions his trajectory between academic drawing and commercial art and the peripheral situation of Faria as a Northeastern, Brazilian and posterist in a Parisian market to explain his absence in the historiography of design Brazilian. He concludes by emphasizing the innovative role of his techniques in the production of posters.

The article presents the results of the study conducted by the authors on the assessment of the progress of the corporate social responsibility of Russian companies in various industries on the basis of public information. The authors have developed a method of rapid assessment of the progress of corporate social responsibility, distinguished by the composition of indicators presented in public nonfinancial reporting, harmonized with the requirements of Global Reporting Initiative (including GRI G4 and GRI Standards) and available for calculation and interpretation by a wide range of stakeholders, which allows conducting a review diagnostics of the dynamics of responsible practices and comparative analysis of companies.

Cuando san Agustín escribió el praeceptum o Regla para los siervos de Dios, conocía ya la célebre Carta 22 de san Jerónimo a la virgen Estoquia. De ella había tomado los datos sobre el monacato egipcio que utiliza contra los maniqueos en la obra De moribus ecclesiae catholicae. El dato justifica formular la pregunta de si la carta jeronimiana influyó de alguna manera en la composición del texto monástico agustiniano. Las abundantes coincidencias en los temas tratados, aunque no siempre en el modo de tratarlos, hace razonable la respuesta positiva.

Women in the Mithila region of Bihar in north India have painted colorful propitious images on the interior walls of their homes on the occasion of domestic rites since at least the 14th century, it’s called Madhubani Art. It is a famous and traditional art form of Bihar. Madhubani art of the Bihar state has been undergoing alteration where its application in the original composition has been diminished owing to social and economic changes now a days. There is need to explore possibilities for the conservation of this art form viz other artistic media for future generations. The reason for using traditional motifs in textiles and products is to keep our designs or motifs alive. The Indian folk arts with painting play important role in creating new designs. Escalating demands of consumers requires modification in the fashion industry with respect to design, color, style and technique. The aim of this project is to preserve the originality of the art form.

Hashem Khan is considered as one of the key figures in Bangladesh art scenario. Born in Chandpur, Hashem Khan was graduated from the Faculty of Fine Art, Dhaka University in 1961. He was a Professor at the Faculty of Fine Art, University of Dhaka with 44-year experience and retired in the year 2007. He has achieved Ekushey Padak and Independence Day Award (The highest civilian award in Bangladesh) for his significant contributions in art and culture. Rural lifestyle is very unique in Bangladesh. Many poets, musicians, visual artists have taken inspiration from rural culture and life style of Bangladesh. His works reproduce the natural beauty of the village, rural life, and plenty of other things. He has used traditional folk colours like yellow, orange and green in his paintings and used folk motifs. Hashem Khan has done semi-realistic style of narration to communicate to the common people and also used vibrant colours in his paintings. The researcher here has selected the works of the artist for discussion and analysis from the exhibitions which were held from 1980 to 2018 in different art galleries in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh and also from two catalogues, which articulate 143 plates. The researcher has analysed his contents of the paintings. Besides the researcher also closely analysed the colours, composition and forms of the painting. Keywords Painting, rural life, Bangladesh, Hashem Khan, art