Search

Considered Class B digital video channel is a kind of channel with gamut conversion, compression codec and other procedures, the conventional component video test signals are "illegal" and "invalid" when going through the Class B channel. In order to solve this problem, this paper studied the design principles applied to the component video test signals used for Class B digital video channels, and three kinds of standard definition test signals and one kind of high definition test signal used for the Class B digital video channel are designed with the parameters of the GY/T 243-2010 "Standard-definition digital video TV channel technical requirements and methods of measurement", and these signals are implemented based on the Tektronix TG8000 multiformat test signal generator with XML language. Finally, a set of measurement experiments are performed with the test signals implemented in this paper.

The normal display of the video signal depends on the video sync signal. In the pragmatic applications, failing to display of the video signal usually subjects to the loss of the sync signal, and affects the regular production. And the excessive long transmission lines debilitate the video sync signals, which results in the video signal displaying abnormally. Bi-channel PAL sync signal switcher discussed in this paper is based on Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD) and generates PAL timing by CPLD programming. It is used to solve the problem that the video is unable to display for the loss of video sync signal. Meanwhile, the three-state gates are used to overcome the weakness of the load driving ability.

This paper presents the analysis and design of single-point power-mooring cables applied to wave energy converters (WECs). A mooring cable design process is suggested, and effects of cable cross-sectional layout, material selection, and conductor design on cable properties are investigated. The study focuses on cable design and structural material for a long service life. Six designs and four structural materials were studied for a total of 18 different configurations. The materials used for the study included Vectran HS, Kevlar 49, carbon fibers in a vinyl ester matrix, and MP35N alloy. Cable design had minimal impact on cable properties. Material used and component helical angle exhibited significant impact on cable mechanical properties. Synthetic fiber designs exhibited more desirable mechanical properties and fatigue performance than both carbon fibers in a vinyl ester matrix and MP35N alloy. Wave device heave and cable tension were not affected by cable material.

This paper presents a comparison of YUV color video formats using the H.264 video compression standard. The goal of this paper is to determine the best color video format for rate-distortion quality. This is a point of interest due to wireless video transmission quality and bandwidth limitations. The results show that for 1080p video, the YUV 4:2:0 video with a chrominance quantization parameter offset of zero is among the best performing color video format in terms of rate-distortion quality for three different levels of compression and two different entropy encodings.

The hierarchic structure is formed by the negative Gaussian curvature type saddle-shaped cable roofs by suspending separate roof’s corners to a higher level cable structure. These systems can be inter-combined to form wider roof areas. In order to reduce the complexity and the amount of calculation, and to avoid a calculation matrix convergence problem, calculation of stresses and displacements of complicated hierarchically subordinated structures with various geometrical parameters of a hierarchic roof could be accomplished by the sub-structuring method. The effect of interdependencies of separate structural elements and a higher level cable structure can be determined by the iterative approximation method. The following structural possibilities to decrease the deformability of a hierarchic cable roof were considered: increase in cable’s stiffness and decrease in cable’s dead weight. Steel and hybrid composite cable with increased specific strength used on the base of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) Vectra and steel were considered as materials of hierarchic cable structure. It was stated that increase in cable’s stiffness at tension has the most significant influence upon the deformability of hierarchic cable roof.

In order to improve the constructability and meanwhile ensure excellent seismic behavior, several innovative composite connection details were conceived and studied by the authors. This paper reports experimental results and observations on seismic behavior of steel beam bolted to reinforced concrete column connections (bolted RCS or BRCS). The proposed composite connection details involve post tensioning the end plates of the steel beams to the reinforced concrete or precast concrete columns using high-strength steel rods. A rational design procedure was proposed to assure a ductile behavior of the composite structure. Strut-and-tie model analysis indicates that a bolted composite connection has a favorable stress transfer mechanism. The excellent capacity and behavior were then validated through five full-scale beam to column connection model tests.

The concept of semi-rigid composite connection has been widely researched in the past; however, most of the researches are limited to composite joints with metal deck flooring and solid concrete slabs. Composite construction incorporating precast concrete hollowcore slabs (HCU) is a recently developed composite floor system for buildings. The research on the structural behaviour of the semi-rigid composite joints with HCU is new and without any previous experimental database. In this paper, eight full-scale tests of beam-to-column semi-rigid composite joints with steel beams and precast hollowcore slabs are reported. The variables are stud spacing, degree of the shear connections, area of the longitudinal reinforcement and slab thickness. The test set-up and instrumentation is described in detail. The experimental behaviour is analysed and based on the test data the structural behaviour of these semi-rigid composite joints is discussed. Based on the experimental data, a simplified method to predict rotation and moment capacity for this type of composite connection is proposed.

The behaviour of composite beams under hogging bending has been successfully simulated using an analytical model derived previously. This paper describes the extension of the work to study the behaviour of composite joints incorporating semi-rigid flush end plate connections. With proper inclusion of the joint characteristics, the model was found to be equally capable of modelling the structural behaviour including the effects of partial shear connection. Experimental results of a novel series of composite joint tests detailed in the accompanying companion paper were compared, in addition to those published in the literature. The analysis results provided close agreement with the various test behaviour. Using the model that has been properly calibrated against experimental results, a systematic parametric study was also undertaken. The outcomes are described herein. In addition, existing design models to predict the strength, stiffness, and ductility of composite joints were also reviewed and compared against the test results. The results emanating from this paper contribute as a total package apart from experimental undertakings to further understand the complex behaviour of the composite joints. This is very beneficial in a design perspective.

In this paper, we have proposed a security camera system that displays high-definition images by using a sharply outlined display algorithm (SODA), which generates less hardware complexity because of a modified video encoder. While the proposed system uses a charge coupled device (CCD) with a complementary filter that may cause some problems in representing vivid color, we have been able to resolve the problem by mixing two signals, such as those generated by chrominance and luminance processes. In doing so, the system requires the use of a video encoder that converts the CCD's output signals into a composite video baseband signal (CVBS). Moreover, although a video encoder generally operates at 27 MHz the CCD module used in the security camera requires a particular clock frequency. Here, we have proposed that the new video encoder uses a clock to equal the CCD module at a given frequency. In doing so, the system using the encoder reduces hardware complexity and noise. The proposed system is fabricated with a test camera chip that has been manufactured by the MagnaChip 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS process.

A comparison between a simplified and an advanced method of elastoplastic analysis is made for unbraced frames with composite connections. The advanced method implements a mechanical model to represent the composite node in unbraced frames, which allows considering the behavior of each component of the composite connection individually. This method includes the determination of a moment–rotation curve for loading–unloading–reloading, considering gravity and wind loading. Physical and geometrical nonlinearities are taken into account in the analysis. In the simplified method an appropriate analysis for practical purposes is implemented, on which the connections are considered semirigid for unloading and flexible for loading, after yielding by gravity loads. Second order effects are included using the P – Δ procedure. Finally, a comparison is made between the two methods attempting to transform both methods in a useful tool for composite connection design.

A low cost TV set top box capable of expanding sign images and decoding closed caption data is described. Its internal architecture mainly consists of video decoder/encoder, 256 Kbytes of video memories, an infrared receiver and an FPGA based video processing unit. The FPGA implements a 27 MHz 8 bits microcontroller, an image expander, an on screen display unit, a 12C interface plus other control logic. The image expander uses a fixed 2/spl times/2 bilinear interpolation coupled with a nearest neighborhood input selection to simplify the hardware that allows 9 image scaling factors ranging from 1/spl times/1 to 2/spl times/2. The sign image that can be expanded is of the maximum size of 128/spl times/128 pixels or approximately 1/25 of the entire TV screen. This video processing unit can also decode both Thai and English caption codes inserted in the vertical blanking interval of the incoming composite video signal and display their Thai-English colored fonts in 32/spl times/16 dot matrix forms.

A low-cost video decoder for NTSC signals is described in this paper. The proposed NTSC video decoder design employs a 2D2L comb filter, and a DDFS (direct digital frequency synthesizer)-based DCO (digital control oscillator) based on a trigonometric quadruple angle formula in a digital PLL to track and lock the demodulation clocks. The complexity of the digital video decoder is consequently drastically reduced. The overall cost of the proposed design is 7.22 mm/sup 2/ (26 K gates). The maximum power dissipation is 109.2 mW at the highest clock rate which is 21.48 MHz.

This paper discusses results of experiments on an element of a proposed moment-resisting composite connection. The element is subjected to cyclic tension. A feature of this element is the use of blind bolts and extensions to these bolts into the concrete-filled CHS column. The test specimens with extensions failed at a higher load and showed increased initial stiffness compared to the specimen without extensions. The experimentally derived values of initial stiffness are also compared to the initial stiffness values derived from a mechanical component model of the connection element.

Flicker is one of the artificial distortions of MPEG-2 coded video caused by the display's gamma characteristics and depends on the picture texture. In order to improve the picture quality, we have developed a technique of reducing the flicker by display gamma simulations in the decoded pictures. The effectiveness was confirmed by experiments. The process is less complex, and the implementation of this technique in digital TV receivers is expected to improve the coded picture quality.

This paper presents architecture of an all-digital multistandard video decoder that uses a single crystal oscillator of fixed frequency. The proposed digital video decoder requires no analog component and is based on a fully synchronous design. Resampling schemes that create line-locked sampling and burst-locked sampling are described. Phase jitter of 1 ns or less is achieved using 27 MHz clock, and 3-D (3-dimensional) Y/C separation becomes feasible in the free-running clock system. High-precision digital phase-locked loops and fractional delay filters implement resampling of video data, which eliminate the need for analog PLLs that generate clocks locked to input video.

For analog color television standards such as PAL and NTSC. the transmission of color (C) takes place within the band available for the luminance (Y). At the television receiver, the required separation of Y and C can only be imperfect as both components now share the same frequency space. Modern televisions apply so-called combfilters that exploit the opposite sub-carrier phase of correlated samples to separate both components. However, cross-talk artifacts and loss of resolution will occur in situations where no sufficiently correlated samples meet the strict opposite phase requirement. In this paper, a novel Y/C separation method is presented that is able to use samples with non-opposite sub-carrier phases.

For ease of construction steel–concrete composite beams are usually unpropped during construction, with the steel section alone supporting the weight of the concrete slab during casting. The subsequent applied loading is resisted by the composite action of the steel and concrete. This mode of construction results in significant stresses built into the steel section. A numerical method is presented for modelling the load–deformation behaviour of composite beams unpropped during construction and incorporating composite connections at the supports. The method accounts for the effect of dead load stresses built into unpropped beams. A 3D moment–curvature–dead load stress relationship is defined, utilising the non-linear stress–strain properties of the steel and concrete. This relationship is used subsequently for calculating the distribution of curvature along the length of a beam. The curvature may be double integrated, using the support displacements as boundary conditions, to determine the deflected shape. The accuracy of the technique has been assessed experimentally using a 24 m long test frame incorporating unpropped composite beams and composite connections. The model predictions of end rotations and displacements are shown to be in good agreement with observed values. Standardised composite connection details are currently only available for use with propped composite beams. This work has been carried out to assess the conditions in which these details can be safely used with beams, which are unpropped during construction. The work is of particular interest to those attempting to model accurately the load–deformation response of unpropped composite beams.

The structural possibilities of decreasing the compliance of a composite saddle-shaped cable roof having a compliant support contour are investigated. The use of a supporting contour consisting of cables joined together with tie-bars is considered as a structural method enabling one to decrease the compliance of the roof. Each cable of the support has its own initial flexure. The method is most efficient from the viewpoint of material consumption per unit of covered area relative to the increasing rigidity and prestress level of the cable net. The efficiency of the method was evaluated by a numerical experiment, which was carried out for a composite saddle-shaped cable roof 50 × 50 m in the plan. The roof was formed by two orthogonal cable groups joined with a compliant supporting contour. A hybrid composite cable based on a carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic, a glass-fiber-reinforced plastic, and steel was considered as a material for the cable net in combination with steel. The material consumption and the maximum vertical displacement of the cable net in relation to the initial geometrical characteristics of the supporting contour were obtained. A possibility of decreasing the maximum vertical displacements of the roof by 8% was established.

This paper presents the results from a parametric study carried out to assess under which conditions composite connections can be safely used with unpropped composite beams. A total of 2160 different beam configurations have been considered, utilising different steel grades and loading conditions. The critical factor affecting the required rotation capacity of the connections is found to be the level of dead load stress developed by a beam prior to hardening of the concrete, as this has a big influence on the beam deflections. The influence of several other factors has also been assessed. These include: span to depth ratio, location within the building frame, ratio between the support and span moments, loading type, steel grade and the percentage of the beam strength utilised during design. The connection rotation capacity requirements resulting from this study are compared with the rotation capacity of industry standard composite connection details. The comparison suggests composite connections may only be used with unpropped beams if the construction load stresses in the steel are restricted.

Optimally interfacing video switches within consumer video designs is increasingly a challenge. This article looks at two design cases for DVD R/W and LCD TV applications in order to fully understand how to optimise the signal data path to optimise video switch performance.

The MPEG-4 standard enables the representation of video as a collection of objects. This paper describes an automatic system that exploits such a representation. Our system consists of two parts: real-time content extraction algorithms and a real-time multi-object rate control method. We present two approaches to content extraction: foreground segmentation based on two cameras and face segmentation based on a single camera. The main contributions of this paper are: 1) under a stereo camera setup, we improve a disparity estimation algorithm to obtain crisp and smooth boundaries of foreground objects; 2) for a single camera scenario, we propose a novel algorithm for face detection and tracking, combining facial color and structure information; and 3) we develop a constant-quality variable bitrate (CQ-VBR) control algorithm that guarantees the quality specification for each object obtained from the two content extraction methods. Both segmentation algorithms run in real-time on a low-cost media processor, and have been tested extensively in various indoor environments. The CQ-VBR control algorithm is a useful tool for the evaluation of object-based coding. For low-bit-rate applications, we can achieve significant reduction in the overall bitrate, while maintaining the same visual quality of the foreground/face object as compared to conventional frame-based coding. Based on tests conducted on several sequences of different complexity levels, the bit-rate savings can be up to 48%. The satisfactory foreground segmentation (results presented) permits porting a live foreground object into arbitrary scenes to create composite video.

This paper presents the design of a multi-standard NTSC/PAL video encoder. The encoder converts International Telecommunication Union-Recommendation (ITU-R) BT.601 4:2:2, ITU-R BT.656 or RGB inputs from various video sources into National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) or phase-alternate line (PAL) TV signals in both S-video and composite video baseband signals (CVBS). The encoder adopts multiplier-free structures to reduce hardware complexity. The hardware bit width of programmable digital filters for luminance and chrominance signals, along with other operating blocks, are carefully determined to produce high-quality digital video signals of 1 least significant bit (LSB) error or less. The proposed encoder is experimentally demonstrated by using the Altera APEX20K600EBC652-3 device.

We present the 3D Video Recorder, a system capable of recording, processing, and playing three-dimensional video from multiple points of view. We first record 2D video streams from several synchronized digital video cameras and store pre-processed images to disk. An off-line processing stage converts these images into a time-varying 3D hierarchical point-based data structure and stores this 3D video to disk. We show how we can trade-off 3D video quality with processing performance and devise efficient compression and coding schemes for our novel 3D video representation. A typical sequence is encoded at less than 7 Mbps at a frame rate of 8.5 frames per second. The 3D video player decodes and renders 3D videos from hard-disk in real-time, providing interaction features known from common video cassette recorders, like variable-speed forward and reverse, and slow motion. 3D video playback can be enhanced with novel 3D video effects such as freeze-and-rotate and arbitrary scaling. The player builds upon point-based rendering techniques and is thus capable of rendering high-quality images in real-time. Finally, we demonstrate the 3D Video Recorder on multiple real-life video sequences.

Steel plate connections are frequently used in tilt-up and precast concrete building construction to tie adjacent wall panels together for shear and overturning effects, and to provide continuous diaphragm chord connections for wind and seismic loading. These welded connectors perform poorly in regions of high seismicity and are vulnerable to corrosion. Until now, retrofit and repair strategies for in-plane shear transfer strengthening were limited to attaching steel sections across panel edges. In the present paper, an experimental program is described that utilizes carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites to develop a viable retrofit scheme for precast concrete shear walls and diaphragms. Nine full-scale precast wall panel assemblies with CFRP composite connectors have been tested. The results show that the CFRP composite connection is an effective solution for the seismic retrofit and repair of precast concrete wall assemblies and other precast concrete elements, such as horizontal diaphragms, that require in-plane shear transfer strengthening.

For cable-moored offshore tension-lag platforms in ultra-deep waters (2000 m), the usage of metallic cables is impractical, making carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) natural substitutes. CFRP cables have been applied in different situations, such as in cable-stayed bridges, in order to take advantage of its outstanding fatigue behaviour, higher specific stiffness and strength, and good corrosion resistance. However, there are not much experimental data available in the literature for these cables and theoretical solutions still need to be further developed. On the other hand, several theoretical approaches have already been developed for isotropic (metallic) cables, some of them with many simplifications nonetheless still showing good agreement compared to experimental data. On this context, this paper aims to report recent advances on composite cables, comparing previous research results on both composite and isotropic cables on the experimental, analytical and numerical fields.

In this paper an experimental research on beam–column internal connections is reported. The studied connection consisted of a concrete filled steel tubular column and steel beams with endplates joined by embedded bolts. The slab was also considered in the prototype, comprising the major focus of the experimental program wherein the influence of the reinforcement ratio and the continuity of bars was analyzed. An innovative detail using steel sleeves is proposed to achieve the continuity of the slab reinforcement. The behavior of the proposed connection was compared to the behavior of the connection with conventional system with bars welded on the steel tube. Three large-scale specimens subjected to cyclic loading have been tested and their responses measured and analyzed. The results showed the good behavior of the proposed connection, mainly avoiding transfer of forces to the steel tube. Regarding the influence of the slab reinforcement ratio, it was observed a better behavior of the connection with higher ratio, preserving the initial stiffness after the loading cycles.

A bidirectional video bus consisting of the low cost LT1190 op amp and the LT1193 video difference amplifier is described.

Several different video circuits that work with composite, RGB and monochrome video are described.

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced the new radio access technology, LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LTE-Advanced, which has the capability to provide larger bandwidth and low latencies on a wireless network in order to fulfill the demand of Users' Equipment (UEs) with acceptable Quality of Service (QoS). One of the data-heavy applications that has exploded on the market is Video. This calls for accurate modeling of video traffic. To ensure the quality and correctness of complex systems with Video traffic, it is important to evaluate the behavior of the traffic in the heterogeneous environment. This paper presents measurements on LTE Video traffic which were performed in a real environment. We derived a semi-Markov model which accurately reproduces the statistics of composite Video measurements over LTE network. EC-FP7 Marie Curie CIG grant, Proposal number: 294182;European Unions Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement no [609094 RERUM].

A two-step response surface method for multiscale finite element model (FEM) updating and validation is presented with respect to Guanhe Bridge, a composite cable-stayed bridge in the National Highway number G15, in China. Firstly, the state equations of both multiscale and single-scale FEM are established based on the basic equation in structural dynamic mechanics to update the multiscale coupling parameters and structural parameters. Secondly, based on the measured data from the structural health monitoring (SHM) system, a Monte Carlo simulation is employed to analyze the uncertainty quantification and transmission, where the uncertainties of the multiscale FEM and measured data were considered. The results indicate that the relative errors between the calculated and measured frequencies are less than 2%, and the overlap ratio indexes of each modal frequency are larger than 80% without the average absolute value of relative errors. These demonstrate that the proposed method can be applied to validate the multiscale FEM, and the validated FEM can reflect the current conditions of the real bridge; thus it can be used as the basis for bridge health monitoring, damage prognosis (DP), and safety prognosis (SP).

For high current superconductors in high magnet fields with currents in the order of 50 kA, single ReBCO coated conductors must be assembled in a cable. The geometry of such a cable is mostly such that combined torsion, axial and transverse loading states are anticipated in the tapes and tape joints. The resulting strain distribution, caused by different thermal contraction and electromagnetic forces, will affect the critical current of the tapes. Tape performance when subjected to torsion, tensile and transverse loading is the key to understanding limitations for the composite cable performance. The individual tape material components can be deformed, not only elastically but also plastically under these loads. A set of experimental setups, as well as a convenient and accurate method of stress–strain state modeling based on the finite element method have been developed. Systematic measurements on single ReBCO tapes are carried out combining axial tension and torsion as well as transverse loading. Then the behavior of a single tape subjected to the various applied loads is simulated in the model. This paper presents the results of experimental tests and detailed FE modeling of the 3D stress–strain state in a single ReBCO tape under different loads, taking into account the temperature dependence and the elastic-plastic properties of the tape materials, starting from the initial tape processing conditions during its manufacture up to magnet operating conditions. Furthermore a comparison of the simulations with experiments is presented with special attention for the critical force, the threshold where the tape performance becomes irreversibly degraded. We verified the influence of tape surface profile non-uniformity and copper stabilizer thickness on the critical force. The FE models appear to describe the tape experiments adequately and can thus be used as a solid basis for optimization of various cabling concepts.

This paper presents a new method for the implementation of an NTSC digital video decoder. This new fully digital architecture uses a phase-locked loop to compensate the unstable video source and an adaptive comb filter to improve the quality of Y/C separation. Simulation results show that it can successfully combat a sinusoidal timing variation of /spl plusmn/2 /spl mu/s for horizontal line lengths within one frame. It can also lock to a 3.58 MHz color subcarrier with frequency variation up to /spl plusmn/500 Hz.

This paper presents a FPGA based video interface conversion system that enables the inter-conversion between digital and analog video. Cyclone IV series EP4CE22F17C chip from Altera Corporation is used as the main video processing chip, and single-chip is used as the information interaction control unit between FPGA and PC. The system is able to encode/decode messages from the PC. Technologies including video decoding/encoding circuits, bus communication protocol, data stream de-interleaving and de-interlacing, color space conversion and the Camera Link timing generator module of FPGA are introduced. The system converts Composite Video Broadcast Signal (CVBS) from the CCD camera into Low Voltage Differential Signaling (LVDS), which will be collected by the video processing unit with Camera Link interface. The processed video signals will then be inputted to system output board and displayed on the monitor.The current experiment shows that it can achieve high-quality video conversion with minimum board size.

This paper presents a high‐definition video display solution based on the FPGA and THS8200. THS8200 is a video decoder chip launched by TI company, this chip has three 10-bit DAC channels which can capture video data in both 4:2:2 and 4:4:4 formats, and its data synchronization can be either through the dedicated synchronization signals HSYNC and VSYNC, or extracted from the embedded video stream synchronization information SAV / EAV code. In this paper, we will utilize the address and control signals generated by FPGA to access to the data‐storage array, and then the FPGA generates the corresponding digital video signals YCbCr. These signals combined with the synchronization signals HSYNC and VSYNC that are also generated by the FPGA act as the input signals of THS8200. In order to meet the bandwidth requirements of the high‐definition TV, we adopt video input in the 4:2:2 format over 2×10-bit interface. THS8200 is needed to be controlled by FPGA with I 2 C bus to set the internal registers, and as a result, it can generate the synchronous signal that is satisfied with the standard SMPTE and transfer the digital video signals YCbCr into analog video signals YPbPr. Hence, the composite analog output signals YPbPr are consist of image data signal and synchronous signal which are superimposed together inside the chip THS8200. The experimental research indicates that the method presented in this paper is a viable solution for high‐definition video display, which conforms to the input requirements of the new high‐definition display devices.

A prestressed suspension structure is a type of structures that allows covering long spans due to rational use of structural materials. Prestressing of a suspension structure allows minimizing cinematic displacements. The prestressed suspension structure with the main span equal to 200 m was considered as an object of investigation. Replacement of a single steel main cable of the prestressed suspension structure by the hybrid composite cable with CFRP (Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer) middle layer and external steel layers with cross-section variable by the cable length considerably decreases dead weight of the cable. Hybrid composite cable ensures functioning of the structure in case of destruction of the middle CFRP layer. The considered prestressed suspension structure was investigated by the FEM software ANSYS. Rational steel distribution by the cable length was determined by optimization. Behaviour of the hybrid composite main cable in the case of destruction of the middle CFRP layer was experimentally tested using the physical model. The dynamic coefficient was obtained.

AVS2 is an ongoing standardization effort by Audio Video coding Standard Workgroup of China toward high efficiency coding of multimedia compared to the previous standard (AVS1). AVS2-P2 is the video part for high-definition, ultra-high-definition and three dimensional video contents. Raw video content of 10-bit bit depth has superior visual quality compared to traditional 8-bit counterpart. Thanks to the advance of computing power of hardware, support for video content of 10-bit bit depth is becoming very important in current high resolution video processing applications. We present here a new 10-bit design to AVS2-P2 standard based on our 10-bit encoding proposal [1] on the 48 th AVS2 working group meeting.

This paper presents a cooperative spectrum sensing scheme for cognitive radio based on the FFT energy detection. The proposed cooperative sensing scheme utilizes the cross correlation between the output of the sensor of interest and composite output of other sensors. Simulation results show that the proposed cooperative sensing scheme is superior to conventional cooperative sensing using frequency domain correlation detection.

Abstract This work summarizes our progress on the development of carbon nanotube (CNT) composite cables for ultra-deepwater oil and gas fields. Near- and long-term intended applications include, for example, more efficient hangar penetrations, sub-sea floor power distribution, and ultra-deepwater dynamic power umbilicals. The project goals are to produce by scalable production methods high-conductivity CNT composite wires that can be wound together to make under sea (and / or in-wellbore) cables. In order to the make practical use of the nanotubes, technologies need to be developed that can deal with or manipulate CNTs in great quantities. For power transmission applications one will need to make dense structures of the CNTs that are aligned simultaneously along the direction of current flow. Also, methodologies that can electrically connect the tubes together in their transverse direction are needed to enable high percolation conductivity though the entire CNT/Metal matrix ensemble. In this work we will summarize our progress towards CNT wire development with descriptions of the wire processing, wire performance, and correlation of performance with structural properties. To date, we have successfully produced wires that display high conductivity values for CNT coatings. Addtionally, these conductors are much lighter compared to pure Cu wires and offer additional advantages for applications needing lightweight materials. Prospects for near and long-term application testing will be discussed.

This paper focused on investigating the moment resistance of steel I-beam to concrete-filled tube (CFT) column uniplanar connections under monotonic static loading. The composite connection can be stiffened or unstiffened. An empirical formula was derived based on >100 numerical parametric analysis results. The key parameters were studied numerically by finite-element method and the relevant ones that affect moment resistance were captured in the proposed formula. To verify the empirical formula and understand clearly the static behavior of the composite connections, eight specimens were designed and tested to failure, of which four specimens were semirigid beam-to-column connections and others were rigid connections with different types of stiffening details. The comparison between the predictions and test results showed that the empirical formula could be used to predict the moment resistance. The proposed rebar stiffener was found to be very effective in improving the static behavior of the composite connections.

Analog video is on the way out, so why study it at all ? Many digital television standards evolved from analog video standards. To have a complete understanding of standards, it is necessary to understand why the choices were made to create standards for today's digital video. Why do we have interlace in the first place and why should it be considered in digital video; what problem did the color difference signal (R-Y and B-Y) solve, and why was it chosen for today's digital system? These and other concepts are briefly discussed in this paper.

We have developed a PVR (personal video recorder) that is capable of simultaneous playback and recording of HD quality MPEG-2 streams for digital TV. It provides viewers with a few enhanced features as well as basic features such as pause, instant replay, skip forward and fast forward/rewind in conventional PVRs for analog TV. This paper describes enhanced and new features that are implemented on our PVR.

Converting the digital video (DV) format for digital video cassette recorders into the MPEG-2 intra coding is performed in the DCT domain to reduce conversion steps. To convert the 4:1:1 to the 4:2:2 chroma. formats and the 2-4-8 DCT mode to the 8-8 DCT mode, a matrix is multiplied by transformed data. Such multiplication enables parallel processing, and the m_quant of the MPEG-2 TM5 rate control is computed in the DCT domain.

Continuous analysis of prestressed cable structures under the action of symmetrical loads leads us to a cubic equation in regard to relative deflection of the structure. For the case of nonsymmetrical loads, a simple solution may be derived only for a single cable. For composite cable structures, a direct solution to the problem requires the use of relatively complicated expansion into a series in terms of deflection parameters. A simpler solution may be found by means of division of the load into a symmetrical and an antisymmetrical part and subsequent equations to provide the solution. The validity of this will be substantiated in the first part of this presentation. As a result of using this method we can obtain a relatively simple solution to the problem for different prestressed cable structures. The corresponding dependence of deflections and inner forces of the structure upon the main cable parameters and comparison of the solution obtained with the exact results is presented.

Long range optical fiber sensors for power cable maintenance have been incorporated into a newly developed 500 kV DC submarine power cable. Optical fibers are used for a distributed temperature sensor and a mechanical damage sensor. The distributed temperature sensor provides data on temperature at distances up to 30 km, and the mechanical damage sensor locates external damage points on the submarine cable. After each characteristic was investigated, optical fiber sensors were incorporated on the submarine power cable. This composite cable was evaluated by various mechanical tests. The results were satisfactory and showed the composite cable to be of practical use. This new approach of incorporating optical fiber sensors in the cable structure brings a new sophistication and reliability to cable maintenance.

This paper presents a new compression scheme for interlaced stereoscopic sequences which differentiates between a region of fixation and a peripheral area, and thereby compacts the stereoscopic information into the spectral space of a monocular video channel. Spectral compression is achieved by avoiding transmitting high-frequency information over the entire images, but only within and around the region where the observer acuity is the highest. The proposed approach consists of decomposing the left and right fields of the stereoscopic pairs into low-pass and high-pass components. High-frequency components are then limited to a fixation region, thus allowing a reduction of their spectral extent. A composite video signal is then formed by positioning the different components into the available spectral space through filtering and modulation. The approach is compatible with the NTSC standard in the sense that the same color subcarrier and the same spectral region are used for the chrominance components. Strategies are proposed for the estimation of the fixation region, based upon a psychophysical study on visual strategies during depth discrimination tasks.

A wide variety of video services can benefit from application of a video pixel multiplier (VPM) that locally adds extra pixels for a higher resolution display. These services include standard definition television (SDTV) displayed on a high definition television (HDTV) display, and third generation (3G) wireless mobile video transmission displayed on a higher-resolution display that could be used for fixed and mobile wireless.