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Inspired by research in language play and linguistic ethnography, this article examines children's language play in early childhood education and care (ECEC) as a locally situated generic practice created through children's semiotic repertoires. The article is based on video-recorded linguistic ethnographic fieldwork in a Danish day care centre. By analysing two play sequences with 3–4 year old children, we examine how the children align to each other in an improvised way while co-creating social worlds. The multimodal micro-ethnographic analysis reveals how an assemblage of chunks of language, musicality, movements, affect and materiality is constitutive of children's language play, and how language play appears as an integral part of children's local language practices. The children's use of a broad range of semiotic repertoires in language play represents a unique practice that might enhance our theoretical and empirical understanding of child language. We argue that empirical insight into children's language play has the potential for developing paths to language and literacy that challenge the often highly prioritised 'precursors to literacy' strategy as the central aim for language learning in ECEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) staff experiences, perceptions, and training needs surrounding the provision of infant feeding support for parents with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). We conducted in-depth semistructured interviews between October and November 2021 with Maryland WIC staff (N = 10) who provide infant feeding counseling and support. We analyzed interviews using conventional content analysis. Three themes were identified: identifying and documenting IDD, facilitating effective communication and infant feeding education, and assessing WIC staff competence and readiness. The interviews suggested the need to explore the risks and benefits of routine and compassionate processes for identifying and documenting disability, create accessible teaching materials that facilitate understanding and engagement, and educate and train staff to provide tailored support in WIC. Engaging parents with IDD to better understand their perspectives and experiences should guide future efforts to improve inclusivity and accessibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Structural characteristics' are gambling product design features which contribute to the amount of time or money that gamblers spend using them, such as the short pay-out intervals of electronic gaming machines (EGMs). However, it is important to also understand the structural characteristics of current online sports betting products, and how these products may continue to evolve via a forward-looking analysis of utility patents, given the increasing international popularity of this gambling mode. A scoping review of the emergent structural characteristics associated with online sports betting was conducted upon the literature (2015–2022), and of sports betting utility patents. A total of 26 literature records and 8 utility patents were included. Results indicated that online sports betting is instantly accessible, provides rapid and continuous betting opportunities, and offers user-interactivity via features such as 'cash-out' and the ability to instantly deposit funds. Additionally, the online sports betting market has expanded into adjacent industries such as esports. The included utility patents suggest that online sports betting may evolve by incorporating peer-to-peer competitive elements, augmented reality, and highly specific statistics/notifications. Overall, the online environment has transformed sports betting into a faster and more harmful gambling mode that provides a diverse range of features and betting opportunities. It is important that this area of research develops in order to encourage appropriate policy and the more ethical redesign of online sports betting products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Communicating with people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities is essential for person‐centred, rights‐based support. Despite a proliferation of research around COVID‐19, there is a dearth of evidence exploring its impact on communication with people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities. This study aimed to explore disability support staff experiences of communicating with people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities through the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was undertaken. A purposive sample of six disability support staff who supported people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities through the pandemic in four Irish residential services participated in online, semistructured interviews. Data were analysed thematically. Findings: Six themes were generated including unwavering commitment; running on empty; being a safe haven; empathic understanding; heightened sensitivity and new insights. Participants discussed the impact of COVID‐19 on communicating with people they support, the contextual challenges, how these were managed/overcome and new learning that emerged. Although communication challenges did present because of COVID‐19 restrictions, communication remained a priority. Conclusions: Despite the challenges experienced by disability support workers, their unwavering commitment to ensuring the well‐being of people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities was identified. This was a small‐scale qualitative study but highlights areas warranting further research and makes recommendations for practice and service planning. Accessible Summaries: The restrictions during the COVID‐19 pandemic made it very hard to interact with people.This study looked at disability support workers' experience of interacting with people with severe/profound intellectual disabilities who live in residential services.The study participants talked about how important it was to be there for a person with severe/profound intellectual disability because visitors were not allowed, and they might not understand why.It is important that we use what we learned through this challenging time to provide better support in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quality early childhood interactions, especially quality adult–child interactions, are known to form the foundation of future skills associated with social, academic and communicative development. Speech-language therapists (SLTs) can engage with educators in professional development to improve communication environments for children. Understanding the perspectives of early childhood directors and educators in relation to the feasibility, sustainability and impact of professional development is needed. Aim(s): This study investigated the experiences of early childhood educators and directors who participated in a SLT-led professional development training program. Method: Participants were four directors and six early childhood educators. Directors participated in one focus group; educators participated in individual semi-structured interviews. All participants were female and had between 5 and 38 years of experience. They were interviewed following the completion of an eight-week training program. Verbatim transcripts of the director focus group and educator interviews were thematically analysed using NVivo12. Result(s): Three overarching themes were developed. These were the appropriateness and acceptability of the training, impact and professional engagement with eight subsequent themes also identified. Although participants reported positive experiences participating in the training, several practical and translational challenges were identified. Conclusion: The professional development training implemented by SLTs was influenced by a number of factors that assisted or hindered educator and director experience of the program. The appropriateness, acceptability and feasibility of a professional development (PD) program should carefully consider participants' learning needs and workplace environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the feasibility of a vocabulary-based teacher intervention to increase preschool teachers' production of complement clauses (e.g. I wonder if we can put the monkey in the tree) in teacher–children play interactions. Using a multiple baseline across participants design we measured the impact of an intervention that promoted preschool teachers' production of four complement clause verbs (CCVs)— figure out, notice, remember, wonder. Based on visual analysis we established a functional relation between the teacher intervention and the teachers' production of the target CCVs produced with a complement clause. Asking teachers to increase their use of CCVs in verbal interactions with children is a promising approach to increase teacher complex syntax input in the preschool classroom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companions (i.e., friends, family members, and other accompanying persons) play an important role in seizure clinic consultations, providing information that patients cannot. The COVID-19 pandemic has seen an increase in these consultations being conducted via telephone. Little is known, however, about how this shift might affect companion participation. Using conversation analysis applied to a set of recorded telephone neurologist-patient-companion consultations (n = 9) and comparable moments drawn from a set of face-to-face consultations (n = 37) (both collected in the UK), we aimed to explore this impact and to identify communication methods that clinicians can use to manage companion participation during telephone consultations. We identified four ways in which participation was observably affected by the telephone. Telephone consultations could make it unclear whether a companion was present and make it difficult for the companion to communicate directly with the neurologist. Passing the floor from one speaker to another was more complex remotely, which could also restrict the patient's own participation once the companion had the floor. These issues are rooted in the limitations of the telephone as a communication medium. Based on the issues identified, we conclude our analysis by highlighting some of the ways in which neurologists and other health professionals can manage companion participation in telephone consultations. These include encouraging the use of speakerphone, checking whether a companion is present throughout the call, keeping track of who can hear what throughout the call, and directing questions using given names to avoid ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on previous work, we developed the comic "A healthy liver will always deliver!" to raise awareness about Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and promote healthy lifestyles. An online pre-post questionnaire design demonstrated an increase in health-threat beliefs regarding NAFLD among the general public, as well as response efficacy and self-efficacy beliefs, normative and control beliefs regarding the maintenance of preventive strategies involving healthy diets and active lifestyles, after interaction with the comic's narrative. This effect was more evident in women. Furthermore, although we could not perform all the ideal controls during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the online strategy attracted mostly university education-level subjects, the comic seemed relatable and engaging. However, more work will have to be performed to ensure its usefulness in terms of acquired knowledge and behavior changes, especially in at-risk segments of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social norms are common in persuasive messaging. For norms trending in a positive direction, it may be beneficial to emphasize change (i.e. dynamic norm) rather than the status quo (i.e. static norm). To test this proposition, we examined college students' responses to social norm messages encouraging moderate alcohol use. Undergraduates (N = 842) were randomly assigned to view a dynamic norm ("More college students drinking in moderation"), a static descriptive norm ("Most college students drink in moderation"), or a no message control. Four mechanisms were examined as potential mediators, three of which have been examined in previous work (preconformity, perceived importance, self-efficacy) and one of which was novel (psychological reactance). Results revealed that exposure to either social norm message (dynamic or static descriptive) was associated with more favorable attitude relative to a no message control. Attitude did not differ between the dynamic norm and static descriptive norm conditions. Only psychological reactance mediated the relationship between message condition (dynamic vs. static descriptive norm) and favorable attitude. Implications and future directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by Brashers's uncertainty management theory, the purpose of this study was to better understand the experience of family caregivers utilizing Medicaid waivers to subsidize health care for children with disabilities. Specifically, the focus of this study was to explore caregivers' experience with Kentucky's Michelle P. Waiver (MPW), a Medicaid waiver that provides robust benefit offerings to children with disabilities. Little is known about how parents come to know about the waiver, and the communication challenges they experience when applying for and navigating their child's health care through Medicaid. Data were gathered by narratively interviewing 31 parents of children who are currently receiving services through the MPW. Data were analyzed using narrative thematic analysis. The analysis focused on the community-level communication that contributes to parent caregivers' uncertainty about the MPW system. Findings show that parents experience unique personal, social, and medical uncertainties related to the MPW when navigating care for their child in the community. This project contributes to the health communication literature theoretically by expanding the conceptualization of the uncertainty in illness framework to include the means of health care (i.e. Medicaid) as a consequential element of an individual's illness experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs the media system dependency theory to explore both macro- and micro-level dependencies between South Korean sojourners and Chinese media during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through semi-structured interviews with 25 South Korean sojourners in Beijing, we find that under the influence of Confucianism and collectivistic culture, South Korean sojourners are hard to identify with China's media environment and rely on Chinese media. Apart from Chinese television meeting South Korean sojourners' goal of play, other traditional media outlets, new media, and interpersonal communication with Chinese people fail to fulfill their goals of understanding, orientation, and play. These findings suggest that future research should take cultural factors into account to understand media dependency theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing the need for more evidence-based interventions and the potential of well-crafted messages in communicating the opioid epidemic, this study investigates the effectiveness of two messaging strategies (i.e., victim vividness and external attribution) that have the potential to mitigate stigmatization and influence a wide range of public policies concerning the opioid epidemic. Building upon the attribution theory of interpersonal behavior, an experiment with a 2 (victim vividness: high vs. low) × 2 (external attribution: present vs. absent) between-subjects factorial design was conducted among a national sample of U.S. adults (N = 995). The findings show that the messages with greater victim vividness reduced support for victim-oriented punitive policies, whereas the messages that mentioned external attribution increased support for perpetrator-oriented punitive policies. In addition, the two messaging strategies also worked indirectly through various emotions to influence policy support. Discussions on this study's contributions to both theory and practice are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript focuses on the communication factors that affect the willingness of African Americans and Black Caribbean patients to participate in clinical trials and research studies. Low rates of research participation by members of communities of color have long been linked to health disparities. While there are many factors that contribute to low rates of accrual of African American and Black patients to clinical trials, a lack of attention to communication factors that enhance or inhibit the recruitment process is central to the problem. In this study, we describe results from the analysis of six focus groups (N = 31) consisting of African American (k = 3) and Black Caribbean (k = 3) participants. Our analyses focus on verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors and how they affect participants' willingness to participate in clinical trials. Specifically, when clinical research coordinators (CRCs) had a professional appearance, made the effort to explain a study in detail, made eye contact, took the time to listen and answer questions patiently, and gave the sense that the CRC was being truthful and transparent, patients felt respected and valued. Additionally, participants emphasized the importance of the process of developing and maintaining a trusting relationship between study participants and CRCs. The results of this study will be used to develop a clinical trial communication training program designed to enhance the communication skills of clinical research coordinators who discuss research participation with African American and Caribbean Black patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grief is everywhere and affects individuals and teams in many different ways. The negative effects may not only be felt by the individual, but they can disrupt a team or an entire organization. While grief is common, understanding how to interact with others who are grieving is not. As leaders within healthcare institutions, pharmacists encounter many individuals and teams that are experiencing grief. The sources of grief can arise from pharmacy team members, other healthcare providers, patients, or our own personal experiences. This literature review introduces grief, where it comes from, and how it is emotionally and physically expressed in individuals. It discusses grief's disruptive nature and how to effectively communicate with those grieving to limit disturbances to individual, team, and organizational performance. Understanding what grief is, how it manifests in individuals and teams, and how to navigate a grieving workplace are vital skills for pharmacy leaders and will enable a more productive workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study introduces the concept of pandemic safety climate (SC), employees' perceptions of an organization's policies, procedures and practices aiming to deal with the COVID‐19 pandemic. Based on the theory of planned behaviour, we expected that the pandemic SC would be the base of employees' subjective norms, attitudes and perceived control in dealing with the COVID‐19 pandemic‐related challenges. We hypothesized that pandemic SC would be associated with a series of attitudinal and behavioural criteria that aim to prevent the spread of COVID‐19 as well as promote other health and well‐being outcomes. Using both prospective and cross‐sectional datasets, we developed and validated a measure of pandemic SC which consisted of two scales. Organization pandemic SC refers to the employees' perceptions of the strategies and efforts at the organization level and consists of four dimensions: management commitment and proactivity, workplace flexibility and capacity, equipment and sanitization for COVID‐19 prevention and COVID‐19‐related communication and training programmes. Group pandemic SC refers to the employees' perceptions of the intermediate support and care from supervisors and consists of three dimensions: supervisor commitment and proactivity, safety monitoring and COVID‐19‐related supervisory communication. Construct validity and criterion‐related validity were supported. Theoretical and practical implications of the newly developed pandemic SC scales are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore patients' willingness to have medication adherence measured using different methods and evaluate the feasibility and validity of their combination (i.e., pill counts, a medication diary and a questionnaire assessing adherence two months post-discharge). Methods: (1) A cross-sectional evaluation of the willingness of patients with polypharmacy to have their medication adherence measured post-discharge. (2) Medication adherence was monitored during two months using pill counts based on preserved medication packages and a diary in which patients registered their adherence-related problems. During a home visit, the Probabilistic Medication Adherence Scale (ProMAS) and a questionnaire on feasibility were administered. Results: A total of 144 participants completed the questionnaire at discharge. The majority was willing to communicate truthfully about their adherence (97%) and to share adherence-related information with healthcare providers (99%). More participants were willing to preserve medication packages (76%) than to complete a medication diary (67%) during two months. Most participants reported that preserving medication packages (91%), completing the diary (99%) and the ProMAS (99%) were no effort to them. According to the majority of participants (60%), pill counts most accurately reflected medication adherence, followed by the diary (39%) and ProMAS (1%). Medication adherence measured by pill counts correlated significantly with ProMAS scores, but not with the number of diary-reported problems. However, adherence measured by the medication diary and ProMAS correlated significantly. Conclusion: Combining tools for measuring adherence seems feasible and can provide insight into the accordance of patients' actual medication use with their prescribed regimen, but also into problems contributing to non-adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the challenges of the nursing shortage in the U.S., particularly exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the need to address the educational requirements of registered nurses (RNs) pursuing Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) degrees. It explores the potential of Hybrid Flexible (HyFlex) learning as an innovative approach to nursing education, aiming to provide flexibility for RNs while meeting diverse learning needs.

The article highlights the damaging nature of workplace incivility, emphasizing its subtle yet widespread impact. Topics discussed include the insidious nature of workplace incivility, its pervasive presence in various organizational settings, and the harmful consequences it inflicts on individuals and workplaces.

The question of how to appropriately care for and share Indigenous knowledges is central to cultural heritage documentation and, contemporary archival praxes and discourses. Transforming the standards of Indigenous knowledge management (IKM) necessitates confronting the legacies of colonial control and Indigenous expurgation that settler colonial galleries, libraries, archives, and museums (GLAM) have contributed to (intentionally or not). Writing of and within the Māori context in New Zealand, we argue that a renewed orientation toward dialogic collaboration between institutions and Indigenous communities is crucial for revitalizing archival practices and partnerships in ways that center Indigenous values. Moreover, we purport that aligning institutional practices with Indigenous values is insufficient if Indigenous communities are neither made to feel welcome within archival spaces nor empowered to utilize them. As such, we identify the notions of relationality, responsibility, and respect as vital in supporting this ethical transformation of Indigenous knowledge stewardship both in New Zealand and in other Indigenous contexts. We propose that current efforts to reshape IKM praxes in culturally responsible and responsive ways can be meaningfully expanded through dialogic engagement, and an ethics of care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Going beyond the limitations of technology, time, and platform lifecycles, achieving long‐term preservation of social media collective memory is an important issue. As a social action involving multiple stakeholders, social media preservation faces a complex problem space. Taking China as an example, this study revealed, from the perspective of stakeholders, the underlying logic of cultural, ethical, legal, and other issues that social media preservation encounters, namely, the tension arising from differences in stakeholders' interests and power inequalities. We specifically investigated and analyzed five categories of stakeholders and revealed six tensions among them in the power/interest matrix. In the final discussion, we analyzed what proactive and inclusive preservation actions should be. Our research not only contributes to the development of theories for social media preservation in information science but also provides clues for state regulators and memory institutions to make responsible and inclusive decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a significant advancement in the realm of information science by exploring and validating a semiotic scale tailored for library software interfaces. Employing a design‐based approach, the investigation identifies 14 crucial semiotic elements specific to library software interfaces, forming the cornerstone of its theoretical framework. The process of developing the semiotic scale involves creating user personas, conducting a comprehensive semiotic analysis, and engaging in productive collaboration with experts. Through meticulous evaluation and refinement, achieved by expert assessments and user testing, the scale offers actionable insights for guiding interface enhancement. The study's findings encompass a breadth of revelations, including user needs, user personas, outcomes of semiotic analysis, criteria development, and evaluation results across a diverse range of library software interfaces. Serving as a valuable tool for interface designers, the semiotic scale facilitates the alignment of design choices with user preferences and requirements. Its inherent adaptability ensures applicability across a spectrum of library software interfaces. The study's paramount contribution lies in bridging the gap between theoretical semiotics and practical design considerations. The comprehensive model offered by the development and validation of the semiotic scale empowers the evaluation of semiotic elements' impact on user perceptions and interface usability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deepfakes are a potential source of disinformation and the ability to detect them is imperative. While research focused on algorithmic detection methods, there is little work conducted on how people identify deepfakes. This research attempts to fill this gap. Using semi‐structured interviews, participants were asked to identify real and deepfake videos and explain how their decisions were made. Three categories of deepfake identification strategies emerged: the use of surface video and audio cues, processing of the messages conveyed in the video, and the searching of external sources. Participants often used multiple strategies within each category. However, identification challenges occurred due to participants' preconceived notions of deepfake characteristics and the message embodied in the video. This work contributes to research by shifting the focus from the algorithmic detection of deepfakes to human‐oriented strategies. Practically, the findings provide guidance on how people can identify deepfakes, which can also form the basis for the development of educational materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to examine bereavement support for siblings of patients who die in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) given the adverse effects of unprocessed grief and the paucity of information on children whose newborn siblings die Study Design This was an anonymous online original survey assessing pre-COVID-19 pandemic bereavement services for NICU families, clinicians' attitudes toward support interventions, challenges, and center characteristics. In spring 2020, nurse managers at 81 U.S. centers with neonatology and maternal–fetal medicine fellowship programs were asked to identify the individual most knowledgeable in their NICU's bereavement support services; these individuals were invited by email to complete an original online survey. Chi testing and odds ratios (ORs) compared responses from centers reporting involvement of palliative care teams (PCT) in NICU sibling bereavement versus no PCT. Results Fifty-six percent (45 of 80) of invitees responded. Most (77%) NICUs permitted perimortem sibling visitation. Challenges included sparse community resources and limited direct sibling contact. Sixty-nine percent (n = 31) of centers were grouped as PCT. PCT respondents reported eightfold higher chances of providing direct education to the sibling (OR, 7.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7–34; p = 0.01). Views on appropriateness of sharing educational information with extended family, babysitters, and teachers did not differ. While notifying pediatricians of families experiencing NICU death was more common in PCT (p = 0.02), most respondents reported having "no individual responsible for such communications" (52% PCT vs. 100%, p = 0.001). Conclusion Despite limited direct contact with siblings of NICU patients who die, efforts are made to involve them in bereavement activities. Opportunities to support these children were identified. Where available, palliative care teams can help provide bereaved siblings with direct education. We recommend formalizing communication mechanisms to ensure that if a NICU patient dies and has surviving siblings, the outpatient physicians caring for these siblings are informed. Key Points Palliative care enhanced sibling support. Resource and visitation limits hinder support. Teams sporadically briefed siblings' physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Behavioral performance of health professionals is essential for adequate patient care. This study aimed to assess the behavioral skills of fellows in neonatology before and after a simulation training program on neonatal resuscitation. Study Design From March 2019 to February 2020, a prospective cohort with 12 second-year fellows in neonatology were evaluated during three training cycles (16 hours each) in manikin-based simulation of neonatal resuscitation with standardized scenarios. Each cycle lasted 1 month, followed by a 3-month interval. One video-recorded scenario of approximately 10 minutes was performed for each fellow at the beginning and at the end of each training cycle. Therefore, each fellow was recorded six times, before and after each one of three training cycles. Anxiety of the fellows was assessed by the Beck Anxiety Inventory applied before the first training cycle. The videos were independently analyzed in a random order by three trained facilitators using the Behavioral Assessment Tool. The behavioral performance was evaluated by repeated measures of analysis of variance adjusted for anxiety and for previous experience in neonatal resuscitation. Results Fellows' overall behavioral performance improved comparing the moment before the first training and after the second training. The specific skills, such as communication with the team, delegation of tasks, allocation of attention, use of information, use of resources, and professional posture, showed a significant improvement after the second month of training. No further gains were noted with the third training cycle. Anxiety was observed in 42% of the fellows and its presence worsened their behavioral performance. Conclusion An improvement in behavioral performance was observed, comparing the moment before the first training and after the second training, without further gains after the third training. It is worth noting the important role of anxiety as a modulator of acquisition and retention of behavioral skills in health professionals in training. Key Points Simulation training should improve technical and behavioral skills of providers Behavioral skills improve after a first cycle of training, but not after a repeat cycle Anxiety modulates trainees' behavioral performance [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the widespread use of social media, understanding how healthcare professionals, such as dietitians, utilise these platforms for their work has gained interest. The aim of the current study was to describe how Finnish registered dietitians utilise various social media channels for professional purposes. The study also investigated the perceived social media skills of dietitians. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using an online survey administered between December 2022 and February 2023. The participants were 107 Finnish registered dietitians who held a master's degree suitable for the profession. The Fisher's exact test was employed for categorical variables, whereas the Kruskal–Wallis test was used for ordinal variables with multiple groups. Results: Out of the 107 participants, 62 (58%) reported using social media for professional purposes. The primary purposes across various social media channels were interaction with colleagues (80%) on Facebook, networking with professionals from other fields (86%) on LinkedIn and general monitoring of the field on Instagram (91%), Twitter (77%) and YouTube (58%). Dietitians' perceived social media skills were found to have a statistically significant relationship with age (p < 0.05) for all channels, except Twitter. Conclusions: The findings suggest that Finnish dietitians predominantly utilise social media for passive monitoring of the field, rather than actively sharing content with the public. Professional communication tends to take place within their own professional groups. Incorporating social media use into the official job description could serve as an encouraging factor to enhance the professional utilisation of social media among dietitians. Key points: In this cross‐sectional study, we found that 58% of the 107 Finnish registered dietitians utilised social media for professional purposes. Among them, 29% actively created content on social media.Facebook was predominantly used for colleague interaction; LinkedIn was used for networking with professionals from different fields; and Instagram, Twitter and YouTube were used for passively monitoring developments in the field of nutrition.Among the participants who did not use social media for professional purposes, the primary barriers reported were a lack of time, a general disinterest in social media and past negative encounters with it, including personal experiences and concerns about negative feedback aimed at dietitians or the content they share. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital technology has posed a challenge to the conventional way in which scientific knowledge was disseminated and validated within the scientific system. Scientific knowledge has interfered into the mass media system through online platforms and social media networks. This tendency tremendously expanded after the Covid-19 pandemic, which challenged scientific community around the world to search for more effective ways of communicating scientific evidence. Meanwhile, recent studies show that trust towards science has globally increased since the pandemic. Moreover, it is a key driving force behind people's attitudes and has predictable impact on their pandemic-related behavior. Despite the widespread dissemination of scientific knowledge, it is often misrepresented, oversimplified, or distorted. People trust science globally, yet scientific knowledge is disseminated through the widely-used yet least trusted medium of social media. This paper aims to analyze the interconnection between scientific and mass media systems and its effects on communicating scientific knowledge on social media. For this purpose, the logic of digital media platforms is explored, and Luhman's system theory is viewed as an essential theoretical background for the analyses of the spread and exposure of scientific knowledge across social media. Theoretical analyses, along with secondary data analysis of recent global studies on news consumption and trust towards the media and science, are used to analyze the structural coupling of the mass media and scientific systems. The author concludes that it is essential to interconnect scientific and mass media systems, taking into account trust towards the medium, message, and source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Male Ensatina eschscholtzii do not have a mental gland, a macrogland used by males during courtship that is considered an ancestral character of plethodontids. We tested whether males and females have nonmental courtship glands associated with the integument of the rostrum and mentum (chin). We found that both male and female E. eschscholtzii possess courtship-like integumentary glands (modified granular glands) in the upper labia extending dorsally along the rostrum and lower labia extending ventrally across the mental region. These glands are sexually dimorphic in size (larger in females) and react positively with periodic acid–Schiff. We hypothesize that these glands are involved in courtship through production of pheromones that may or may not be similar to pheromones produced in courtship glands of other plethodontid salamanders. These rostral glands are structurally and chemically unique in comparison with glands of the rostrum that empty along the length of nasolabial grooves (nasolabial glands) of Ensatina, which do not appear to be involved in pheromone production. Both females and males have relatively few traditional mucous glands throughout the skin in comparison with other species of plethodontids, although some clusters are identified at the anterior edges of the labia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary: What is known on the subject?: Nurses' observation of patients in seclusion is essential to ensure patient safety.Patient observation in seclusion assists nurses in adhering to the requirements of mental health legislation and hospital policy.Direct observation and video monitoring are widely used in observing patients in seclusion.Coercive practices may cause distress to patient‐staff relations. What the paper adds to existing knowledge?: We add detailed information on specific observation methods in seclusion and compare them from the perspective of patients.Nurses communicating with patients ensures relational contact and that quality care is provided to patients even in the most distressed phase of their illness.Providing prior information to patients on observation methods in seclusion and the need for engaging patients in meaningful activities, while in seclusion are emphasized.Observation via camera and nurses' presence near the seclusion room made patients feel safe and gave a sense of being cared for in seclusion.Pixellating the video camera would give a sense of privacy and dignity. What are the implications for practice?: The overarching goal is to prevent seclusion. However, when seclusion is used as a last resort to manage risk to others, it should be done in ways that recognize the human rights of the patient, in ways that are least harmful, and in ways that recognize and cater to patients' unique needs.A consistent approach to relational contact and communication is essential. A care plan must include patient's preferred approach for interacting while in seclusion to support individualized care provision.Viewing panels (small window on the seclusion door) are important in establishing two‐way communication with the patient. Educating nurses to utilize them correctly helps stimulate relational contact and communication during seclusion to benefit patients.Engaging patients in meaningful activities when in seclusion is essential to keep them connected to the outside world. Depending on the patient's presentation in the seclusion room and their preferences for interactions, reading newspapers, poems, stories, or a book chapter aloud to patients, via the viewing panel could help ensure such connectedness.More focus should be placed on providing communication training to nurses to strengthen their communication skills in caring for individuals in challenging care situations.Patient education is paramount. Providing prior information to patients using a co‐produced information leaflet might reduce their anxiety and make them feel safe in the room.When using cameras in the seclusion room, these should be pixelated to maintain patients' privacy. Introduction: A lack of research investigating the specific role that various observational techniques may have in shaping the therapeutic relations in mental health care during seclusion warranted this study. Aim: The aim of the study was to explore patients' experience of different methods of observation used while the patient was in seclusion. Method: A retrospective phenomenological approach, using semi‐structured interviews, ten patients' experiences of being observed in the seclusion room was investigated. Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method was followed to analyse the data. Results: Communicating and engaging patients in meaningful activities can be achieved via the viewing panel. The camera was considered essential in monitoring behaviour and promoting a sense of safety. Pixelating the camera may transform patient view on privacy in seclusion. Discussion: The mental health services must strive to prevent seclusion and every effort should be made to recognise the human rights of the patient. The study reveals numerous advantages when nurses actively engage in patient communication during the process of observation. Implications for Practice: Different observation methods yield different benefits; therefore, staff education in using these methods is paramount. Empowering the patient with prior information on seclusion, engaging them in meaningful activities and proper documentation on patient engagement, supports the provision of individualised care in seclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents in foster care are removed from their families of origin and are placed with foster families for temporary care until they are able to be granted a more permanent placement. This purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the bonding experience of adolescents in foster care = with their foster parents. This study included 10 foster parents who had an African-American adolescent between the ages of 12 to 18 in their care. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. The analysis began with coding to develop an understanding of the bonding experiences between adolescents and their foster parents. Four processes emerged that seemed to influence bonding: communicating in conflict with empathy or assertion, sharing personal time, creating rituals, and offering support. Foster parents appeared to demonstrate the processes when there was a focus on the adolescent being a part of the family. This present study has implications for theory, research, and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationship satisfaction has consistently been associated with numerous important intrapersonal, interpersonal, and familial outcomes. In accordance with affection exchange theory, positive interaction between romantic partners should contribute to greater relationship satisfaction. However, what is less understood is the specific theoretical mechanism through which this process might occur. This study's findings reveal that affectionate communication (given and received) positively predicted relationship satisfaction indirectly via the serial mediation of partner commitment and couple quality. This model was tested using a sample of participants of the ELEVATE relationship education program (N = 2235). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed, including a call for further exploration of other theoretical pathways that may impact relationship education program evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 50+ years, there has been a huge rise in interest in consumer language research. This article spotlights the emergence and evolution of this area, identifying key themes and trends and highlighting topics for future research. Work has evolved from exploration of broad language concepts (e.g. rhetorics) to specific linguistic features (e.g. phonemes) and from monologues (e.g. advertiser to consumer) to two-way dialogues (e.g. consumer to service representative and back). We discuss future opportunities that arise from past trends and suggest two important shifts that prompt questions for future research: the new shift toward using voice (vs. hands) when interacting with objects and the ongoing shift toward using hands (vs. voices) to communicate with people. By synthesizing the past, and delineating a research agenda for the future, we hope to encourage more researchers to begin to explore this burgeoning area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rising phenomenon of obesity, a major risk factor for the development and progression of type 2 diabetes, is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires a comprehensive and coordinated approach to be prevented and managed. Although novel pharmacological measures to combat obesity have achieved unprecedented efficacy, a healthy lifestyle remains essential for the long‐term success of any therapeutic intervention. However, this requires a high level of intrinsic motivation and continued behavioural changes in the face of multiple metabolic, psychological and environmental factors promoting weight gain, particularly in the context of type 2 diabetes. This review is intended to provide practical recommendations in the context of a holistic, person‐centred approach to weight management, including evidence‐based and expert recommendations addressing supportive communication, shared decision‐making, as well as nutritional and pharmacological therapeutic approaches to achieve sustained weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores how bereaved individuals co-construct social support and social norms in the social interaction of 14 bereavement group meetings in Denmark. To study this, we used a discourse analytical approach focusing on how the participants position their social supporters. The results show that the participants designate, uphold, and presuppose two hierarchical positions to bereaved and non-bereaved supporters with different abilities to understand them. Based on this finding, the concepts of "grief participation rights" and "social support hierarchy" are proposed to supplement existing notions of "rights to grieve" and "grief hierarchy." These concepts suggest that non-bereaved supporters are not accorded the same participatory rights in social support conversations as bereaved individuals who have suffered a similar loss as the speaker. The concepts are discussed in relation to effective social support and in the context of research on social disconnection in grief. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In 2015, our university hospital pharmacy acquired the PharmaHelp robot system to automate part of its chemotherapy production. Complex technical use, downtime periods, and insufficient training caused a drop in motivation and disparities in operators' knowledge. We created a short, playful, standardized, gamed-based training program to address this, and evaluated its impact. Methods: Operators were classified as trainers or trainees according to their knowledge about Information and Communication Technologies. Before, after the training, and at 6 months (6M), their robot knowledge was assessed on a 0-24-scale, motivation and self-efficacy in using it on 0-to-100 scales. Pairwise comparison t -test with Bonferroni adjustment was used (p < 0.05 considered significant). Satisfaction was measured using a six-point Likert scale. Trainer/trainee teams participated in 2-hour training sessions with three games and a debriefing. For "Knowing the manufacturing steps," cards with the steps were placed in the correct order. For "Knowing the criteria for using the robot," teams guessed whether certain compounds could be used with the robot. For "Knowing how to handle production errors," the answer to each error (taken from real-life issues) was selected from four options. Results: Participants (n = 14) were very satisfied about sessions' interactivity and playfulness. Knowledge improved from 57% pretraining to 77% (p < 0.005) to 76.6% (6M) (p < 0.05 compared to pretraining). Motivation and self-efficacy, respectively, improved from 57.6% to 86.6% (p < 0.05) to 70.4% (6M) and from 48.5% to 75.6% (p < 0.05) to 60.2% (6M) (p > 0.1 compared to pretraining) (t -test). Conclusions: This highly appreciated training program efficiently improved knowledge retention out to six months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nursing presence depends on an individual's belief system, truths, sensory experience, professional skills, and active listening. Thus, one may assume that presence occurs when nurses care for patients in a kind and compassionate way. This study aimed to explore and describe presence practices amongst unit managers in a selected provincial hospital in Free State Province. Methods: A qualitative research approach with an exploratory descriptive contextual research design was employed in this study. A purposive nonprobability sampling technique was utilised to select participants. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using the six steps of thematic qualitative data analysis. The study's trustworthiness was ensured through ascertaining credibility, dependability, confirmability, transferability, and authenticity. Approval to conduct the study was obtained from the North-West University Health Research Ethics Committee (NWU-HREC), DoH in the Free State Province, and the CEO (the gatekeeper) of the selected hospital. Results: Four themes were generated, namely, presence practices amongst unit managers in a selected provincial hospital in Free State, the impact of presence practices on hospital dynamics in a selected provincial hospital in Free State, unit managers' practices of relational care and human connectedness in the unit, and the perceptions of unit managers on barriers to presence practices in a selected provincial hospital in Free State. Each of these themes presents categories and sub-categories. Unit managers actively foster supportive work cultures, effective management, human connectedness and relational care, and effective communication to yield team cohesion and positive impacts on patient care. Unit managers also display resilience and highlight the need for ongoing support from colleagues and top management. Conclusion: Unit managers exhibit diverse presence practices which emphasise their commitment through visibility and accessibility despite staff shortages and resource constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Personalised Care and Support Planning (PCSP) replaces conventional annual reviews for people with long-term conditions. It is designed to help healthcare professionals (HCPs) and patients engage in conversations as equals and collaboratively plan actions oriented to each patient's priorities, alongside biomedical concerns. Little is known about how the shift to remote consulting initiated with COVID-19 restrictions has impacted PCSP. Aim: To investigate HCPs' experiences of conducting PCSP conversations remotely and consider implications for the fulfilment of PCSP ambitions as remote consulting continues beyond COVID-19 restrictions. Methods: 19 semi-structured interviews with HCPs in England and Scotland; interpretive analysis. Results: HCPs' accounts made clear that COVID-19 restrictions impacted multiple aspects of PCSP delivery, not just the mode of conversation. Broader disruption to general practice systems for gathering and sharing information ahead of PCSP conversations, and moves to 'wide window' appointment times, made it harder for patients to be prepared for PCSP conversations. This constrained scope to achieve PCSP ambitions even with the best professional communication skills. Most remote PCSP conversations were conducted by telephone. In the absence of visual communication with patients, it was sometimes harder to achieve the ambitions of PCSP conversations, including to balance patient and professional agendas, fulfil key planning activities, and foster a relational ethos of equal, collaborative partnership. The challenges were particularly severe when working with new patients and people with complex clinical and social problems. Although options for telephone appointments now offer valued flexibility, sustained experience of struggling to achieve PCSP ambitions via remote consulting led some HCPs to lower their standards for judging a "good" PCSP conversation, and to diminished professional satisfaction. Conclusions: There are significant challenges to fulfilling the ambitions of PCSP via telephone, especially when preparatory support is limited. This study provides grounds for scepticism about how compatible telephone appointments can be with this person-centred model of working, especially for people who are socially disadvantaged and live with complex health conditions. These threats to the provision of person-centred support for people with long-term conditions warrant careful attention going forward if the PCSP model and its benefits are to be sustained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary health care services are responsible for preventive measures to optimize child development in the first years of life. In Denmark, these services are shared between general practitioners and municipality health visitors. National guidelines mandate collaboration between these professionals but in reality, they work in parallel. We aimed to explore how professionals experience collaboration and communication regarding children with professional concern about their wellbeing. Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with general practitioners, and health visitors. Both professions considered closer collaboration to be important in meeting children’s needs. Barriers to collaboration and communication included differing legal obligations, Information Technology-systems (IT), lack of financial incentives, lack of mutual professional acknowledgment and respect, and absence of routines for sharing knowledge. The traditional division of responsibilities between physicians and nurses in which all professionals involved in preventive child health care are acculturated seems to impede collaboration based on unequal professional status. IT infrastructure needs to support information sharing and structures to support informal meetings between professionals are warranted to support more collaborative practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Person-centred medicine is recommended in the care of older patients. Yet, involvement of care home residents and relatives in medication processes remains limited in routine care. Therefore, we aimed to develop a complex intervention focusing on resident and relative involvement and interprofessional communication to support person-centred medicine in the care home setting. Methods: The development took place from October 2021 to March 2022 in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark. The study followed the Medical Research Council guidance on complex intervention development using a combination of theoretical, evidence-based, and partnership approaches. The patient involvement tool, the PREparation of Patients for Active Involvement in medication Review (PREPAIR), was included in a preliminary intervention model. Study activities included developing programme theory, engaging stakeholders, and exploring key uncertainties through interviews, co-producing workshops, and testing with end-users to develop the intervention and an implementation strategy. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and the Interprofessional Shared Decision Making Model were used. Data were analysed using a rapid analysis approach. Results: Before the workshops, six residents and four relatives were interviewed. Based on their feedback, PREPAIR was modified to the PREPAIR care home to fit the care home population. In total, ten persons participated in the co-producing workshops, including health care professionals and municipal managerial and quality improvement staff. The developed intervention prototype was tested for three residents and subsequently refined to the final intervention, including two fixed components (PREPAIR care home and an interprofessional medication communication template) delivered in a flexible three-stage workflow. Additionally, a multi-component implementation strategy was formed. In line with the developed programme theory, the intervention supported health care professionals´ awareness about resident and relative involvement. It provided a structure for involvement, empowered the residents to speak, and brought new insights through dialogue, thereby supporting involvement in medication-related decisions. The final intervention was perceived to be relevant, acceptable, and feasible in the care home setting. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the final intervention may be a viable approach to facilitate person-centred medicine through resident and relative involvement. This will be further explored in a planned feasibility study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic disease (CD) accounts for more than half of the overall global disease burden and physical activity (PA) is an established evidence-based strategy for the prevention and management of CD. Global policy emphasises the value of embedding PA into primary healthcare, highlighting the positive effects on PA behaviour. However, there is limited implementation of PA protocols in primary care, and research is needed to guide its integration into routine practice. The voice of the patient is underrepresented in the literature, resulting in the absence of critical insights into determinants of PA promotion in primary care. The purpose of the research was to identify the perspectives of people at risk of or living with CD on the determinants of PA promotion in primary care and to map these determinants across the six COM-B constructs. Methods: Semi-structured interviews (n = 22), guided by the COM-B model were conducted with people aged 35–60 years, at risk of or living with CD and not meeting the PA guidelines. A hybrid analytic approach of thematic inductive and deductive analysis was applied to the participant transcripts guided by a COM-B informed coding framework. Results: In total, 37 determinants across constructs related to capability, opportunity and motivation were prominent, examples include; physical capability constraints, the conflation of exercise with weight management, credibility of the health services in PA advice, communication styles in PA promotion, expectations of tailored support for PA, social support, accessibility, and integration of PA into routine habits. Conclusion: Exploring the determinants of PA promotion through the lens of the COM-B model facilitated a systematic approach to understanding the primary care user perspective of the healthcare professional (HCP) broaching the topic of PA. Findings emphasise the value of HCPs being supported to broach the issue of PA in a therapeutic and patient-centred manner using diverse and flexible approaches, while highlighting the importance of tailored, accessible PA opportunities that build self-efficacy and foster social support. The research provides valuable learnings to support PA promotion and the development of strategies in primary care through encompassing the perspective of those living with or at risk of CD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion To gain insight into child‐health nurses' experiences of using pictorial support in health visits within child‐health services.A qualitative study involving interviews conducted with 17 child‐health nurses in Sweden. The interview data were analysed using content analysis.The nurses experienced that pictorial support could facilitate communication with families and increase opportunities for children to participate in child‐health services, although it may come with challenges. This theme can be broken down into three main categories: (1) Pictorial support makes interaction with families clearer and easier and is used in different ways; (2) The design and extensiveness of the pictorial support can create obstacles; and (3) Pictorial support influences children's attitudes towards, and participation in, health visits.Pictorial support is an important and useful tool in child‐health nurses' own work and improves their communication with children and caregivers during health visits. It can also increase children's participation and help them express themselves. Communicative tools such as pictorial support are very helpful to healthcare professionals striving to offer child‐ and family‐centred care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Social media are immensely popular among adolescents. Thus, concerns have been raised about the threats adolescents encounter on social media and the possible negative health consequences, such as depressive symptoms and anxiety. This study investigated the prevalence of nine social media threats: (1) cyberbullying, (2) sexual harassment, (3) racism, (4) unauthorized distribution of sensitive material, (5) phishing attempts, (6) misinformation, (7) the sale or distribution of drugs, (8) harmful or dangerous social media challenges, (9) content causing appearance pressures. The study also investigated how individual and social factors, problematic social media use (PSMU), and online communication with strangers are associated with social media threat exposure, as well as the association between social media threats and self-rated health, depressive feelings, and anxiety symptoms. Methods and findings: Nationally representative Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) data from Finland were obtained from 2288 respondents aged 11, 13, and 15 years. Fixed effects regression models were applied. The most common threat, encountered daily and weekly, was misinformation. Regression models showed that individual and social factors, PSMU, and online communication with strangers explained adolescent exposure to social media threats in differing ways. Furthermore, certain factors (e.g., emotional intelligence, family support) were associated with encountering social media threats less frequently, whereas other factors (e.g., PSMU, online communication with strangers) were associated with more frequent encounters. Daily and weekly exposure to social media threats was systematically associated with poor self-rated health, frequent depressive feelings, and anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Our study highlights the need for intervention and health promotion efforts to mitigate adolescent exposure to social media threats and ensuing negative health consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A growing share of male nurses in the nursing profession in Tanzania has changed the trend of diversity of nursing gender. This might have created a divergent perspective within the communities. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the perspective, encounters, and choices of nursing gender among licensed nurses, non-nurse healthcare providers, and clients in Tanzania. Methods: The study employed a qualitative descriptive design. The data were collected between August 2022 to January 2023 by the principal investigator and one research assistant. Twelve Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were carried out in four different hospitals in Dar es Salaam comprised of total participants (n = 59). The participants were nurses, clients, and non-nurse healthcare providers. The data was collected through an interview guide developed by the principal investigator and validated by nurse experts. The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis to generate themes and subthemes. Results: Eight themes and twenty-seven subthemes emerged from the study. The following are themes; ① Variations of male and female nurses in communication ② Differences of male and female nurses in carrying out leadership roles ③ Divergent clinical qualities and outcomes across nursing gender ④ Positive value of male nurses in clinical facilities from colleagues and patients ⑤ Different cooperation of male and female nurses at the clinical settings ⑥ Mixed perspective towards clinical competencies across nursing gender ⑦ Perspective towards gender diversity in nursing ⑧ Preferences of nurse's gender, reasons, and opinion towards gender preferences. Conclusion: Male nurses and female nurses differ in how they communicate, execute leadership roles, and clinical qualities. However, their variations don't mean one gender is underrated than the other, but every gender has unique communication styles, leadership styles, and clinical qualities that both lead to effective outcomes. Diversity in nursing gender is very important and should be strategized. Since preferences of nursing gender seems to enhance somebody's freedom and creates an environment where a person can discuss sensitive issues, nursing bodies and healthcare stakeholders might initiate a discussion about approaches to promote the implementation of nursing preference and perform the feasibility studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To overcome of patients with COVID-19 over the capacity of hospitals and mild to moderate severity of the disease in most cases, the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States, recommend home care for these patients. Receiving care at home will face challenges that can be context-based, especially in crises like the Coronavirus pandemic. The present study aimed to describe the experiences of patients with COVID-19 and their relatives from receiving professional home care nursing. Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis method. Nine participants with COVID-19 who were receiving home care nursing in Semnan participated in this study. The purposive sampling method was used. Sampling continued until no new categories appeared, meaning the category's theoretical saturation. Deep and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data based on the research question. Data was analyzed using the conventional content analysis method using Graneheim and Lundman's approach. Results: After analyzing the interviews and comparing codes based on similarities and differences, three main themes, 11 categories, and 30 subcategories were identified. The main themes included "The value of home care" (personalization of care, being economical, providing intellectual security, and reducing the concern of family), "Comprehensive care" (professional commitment, empathy, mastery in care, and patronage), and "Care challenges" (cultural barriers, inadequate services, and lack of information about costs and conditions). Conclusion: The patients with COVID-19 who received professional nursing care at home mentioned some challenges, such as the caregiver not being of the same sex as the patient, delay in receiving the service, the inadequacy of the centers, the limitation of the right to choose the care provider, and insufficient information about the cost of services received before receiving each care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe article examines the relationship dynamics among families who were uprooted from their traditional communities because of conflict in Marawi City in the southern Philippines. The study specifically explores the areas of family communication, family intimacy, and family conflict domains in households of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Data were drawn from 266 IDP marital couples through an assisted survey. Through statistical comparisons, the study was able to establish that the frequency and quality of communication and intimacy patterns fell while family conflict increased. A t-Test also indicates the decreased trajectory of the quality of familial relationship in displacement compared to prior displacement. These results underpin the fact that war harms family harmony. The study argues that the government, through their social welfare offices, being at the forefront of social care intervention, should consider providing family therapy as a specific assistance to IDPs. More than ensuring a strengthened family bond, the benefit of undergoing family therapy is vital because it may have implications for the pace by which IDP families build back better. Future studies may explore the effectiveness of family therapy intervention to strengthen its place in the social services arena in the context of internal displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessible Summary What is known on the subject? What this paper adds to existing knowledge? What are the implications for practice? Introduction Aim/Question Method Results Discussion Implications for Practice In inpatient wards, there is a risk that conflicts occur when nursing staff interact with psychotic patients. The Interactive Approach (IA) model is an action‐based model, used in psychiatric settings, to manage conflict situations. The IA model can be used to improve communication between nursing staff and patients in numerous critical situations. Using a structured risk scale to evaluate a conflict can be an effective way to guide action and sort out the different aspects of communication between nursing staff and psychotic patients. The clarity of an action‐based model will help sort out which interventions are most likely to succeed in each conflict situation. The IA model highlights the importance of understanding and strengthening the patient's perspective, being flexible for each individual patient, and providing the patient with clear information about the situation. The Interactive Approach (IA) model is a structured management tool used to improve communication between caregivers and patients in psychiatric care settings.To examine the nursing staff's experiences of the IA model. How do they use the interventions in conflict situations with psychotic patients?A sample of nursing staff (n = 11) was recruited from three psychosis inpatient care units. Semi‐structured questions covered staff experiences of working with the problem‐solving interventions in the IA model. Transcribed data were analysed by qualitative content analysis.Three categories were defined: (1) ‘To apply a flexible approach' describes how staff tried to adapt to each patient and situation; (2) ‘Try to understand the person's inner world’ describes the importance of active listening and exploring the patient's concerns; and (3) ‘To communicate clearly’ relates to experiences of clear communication and the setting up of boundaries.The risk scale and training in communication skills helped the interaction between staff and patients in conflict situations. Different interventions were used with a focus on maintaining patient alliance.The findings highlight the importance of educational efforts and practical training, to prevent violence and the use of coercive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: By incorporating socio-cognitive mindfulness which has been under-examined in the nursing field, this study investigated the relationships between socio-cognitive mindfulness, moral sensitivity, dementia communication behaviors, and dementia nursing performance of nurses in long-term care hospitals. This study also examined the factors influencing nurses' dementia nursing performance. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 209 nurses from long-term care hospitals in Korea. Data were collected between August 1 and August 31, 2022. Participants completed the questionnaire assessing their socio-cognitive mindfulness, moral sensitivity, dementia communication behaviors, and dementia nursing performance. Pearson's correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed for data analysis. Results: Dementia nursing performance of the nurses in long-term care hospitals was positively related to their socio-cognitive mindfulness, moral sensitivity, and dementia communication behaviors. Furthermore, nurses' dementia communication behaviors, moral sensitivity, and total clinical career, in that order, were found to be the factors influencing their dementia nursing performance. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the higher socio-cognitive mindfulness, moral sensitivity, and dementia communication behaviors, the higher dementia nursing performance, and that higher dementia nursing performance is associated with better dementia communication behaviors, greater moral sensitivity, and more extensive clinical experiences. This study provides a foundation for developing effective interventions to enhance dementia nursing performance in the future. To improve dementia nursing performance of nurses in long-term care hospitals, it is necessary to improve dementia communication behaviors and moral sensitivity, and prepare multilateral countermeasures to maintain nurses' clinical careers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Values are broadly understood to have implications for how individuals make decisions and cope with serious illness stressors, yet it remains uncertain how patients and their family and friend caregivers discuss, reflect upon, and act on their values in the post-left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation context. This study aimed to explore the values elicitation experiences of patients with an LVAD in the post-implantation period. Methods: Qualitative descriptive study of LVAD recipients. Socio-demographics and patient resource use were analyzed using descriptive statistics and semi-structured interview data using thematic analysis. Adult (> 18 years) patients with an LVAD receiving care at an outpatient clinic in the Southeastern United States. Results: Interviewed patients (n = 27) were 30–76 years, 59% male, 67% non-Hispanic Black, 70% married/living with a partner, and 70% urban-dwelling. Three broad themes of patient values elicitation experiences emerged: 1) LVAD implantation prompts deep reflection about life and what is important, 2) patient values are communicated in various circumstances to convey personal goals and priorities to caregivers and clinicians, and 3) patients leverage their values for strength and guidance in navigating life post-LVAD implantation. LVAD implantation was an impactful experience often leading to reevaluation of patients' values; these values became instrumental to making health decisions and coping with stressors during the post-LVAD implantation period. Patient values arose within broad, informal exchanges and focused, decision-making conversations with their caregiver and the healthcare team. Conclusions: Clinicians should consider assessing the values of patients post-implantation to facilitate shared understanding of their goals/priorities and identify potential changes in their coping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nursing homes and other long-term care services account for a disparate share of COVID-19 cases and casualties worldwide. During COVID-19 there is a distinct need to preserve a holistic view of the wellbeing of residents of nursing homes, be mindful of their rights as citizens, and to be aware of protecting residents from infection. The delivery of health and social care throughout a pandemic must remain person-centred and adhere to a human rights-based approach. Methods: This study aimed to capture nursing home residents, their families and staff's perspective of the nursing homes residents experience, approaches of staff and the nursing home environment. An online survey was distributed via stakeholder networks and online platforms across Ireland. This study was performed and reported in line with the Consensus-Based Checklist for Reporting of Survey Studies (CROSS). Results: 25 residents, 42 family members and 51 staff completed the survey (n = 118). Across the domains measured all but one aspect scored above 50% (residents get up and go to bed when they want 41.5%) with the highest score of 89.1% scored for the nursing home is comfortable and well-kept. Results highlight evidence of positive experiences and endeavours to preserve social connections, residents were in a safe place cared for by staff who did their best in a difficult position and who went above and beyond their duty of care. However, some families reported poor communication, no internet connections, not enough phones or tablets, and that staff were busy and unable at times to assist residents who needed help using phones/tablets. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of human rights and how they ought to inform and shape the advancement of public health advice and policy documents. Overall, nursing home residents, their families and staff reported favourably on the study measures. However, issues pertaining to communication are essential and there is a need to address issues such as the provision of accurate timely information, communication infrastructure and resources, and inconsistencies in communications. Of note is that while healthcare professionals have a duty to uphold the rights of nursing home residents, they themselves have human rights which must also be protected and supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodsResultsConclusion\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThis pilot study aimed to (a) investigate opportunities for immersive Virtual Reality (VR) technology in communication, physical, and visual rehabilitation by examining the interaction of people without disabilities in a range of structured virtual environments; and (b) validate research protocols that might be used to evaluate the physical, visual, and verbal interaction of users in virtual worlds, and their safety while using the technology.Thirteen adults identifying as people without disability were exposed to VR via a head-mounted display. A video-review method was used to qualitatively code and analyse each participant’s communication, movement, orientation, and support needs.All participants oriented to their virtual environments sufficiently to use applications. Their spoken language was effective for interaction, although unconventional social behaviours were also observed. Two participants reported minor adverse reactions consistent with mild cybersickness. The results provide insight into the types of environments and characters that support the greatest communicative, physical, and visual interaction in immersive VR. The tested protocols are useful to assess safety when using VR, and to observe communicative, physical, and visual interaction with virtual environments and characters. Implications for future research and use of VR with people with communication, physical and visual disability are discussed.Safe use of virtual reality in rehabilitation requires careful assessment. Comprehensive observational protocols were sufficient to manage safety concerns.Rehabilitation applications need rapid responsivity in verbal interactions to ensure users are immersed in interactions.Non-verbal cues from virtual avatars best direct user attention in the environment.Novice virtual reality users largely controlled technology using their dominant hand. They could control VR successfully with one hand.Safe use of virtual reality in rehabilitation requires careful assessment. Comprehensive observational protocols were sufficient to manage safety concerns.Rehabilitation applications need rapid responsivity in verbal interactions to ensure users are immersed in interactions.Non-verbal cues from virtual avatars best direct user attention in the environment.Novice virtual reality users largely controlled technology using their dominant hand. They could control VR successfully with one hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For years politics and healthcare, faced with the progressive increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in childhood, have wondered how to stem it and reduce its consequences on health without finding a valid, effective and applicable solution. Many studies have been written initially on what to prescribe, then on why not to prescribe and how to approach people in a new and more effective way to improve their behaviors, considered the main cause of excess weight. Over the last twenty years it has been highlighted that no diet or physical exercise is truly effective and not even global changes in lifestyle guarantee the large weight reductions traditionally expected, despite offering significant health advantages. A new approach is necessary and we must begin by working on ourselves. Main body: We examined literature on weight stigma and considered expert opinions, as well as feedback from parents/caregivers and patients. Literature on stigma has grown enormously in recent years, and finally considers the opinion of parents and patients. By interviewing patients with obesity, it was discovered that very often healthcare workers do not communicate the diagnosis and, if they do, they have a blaming attitude, holding patients responsible for their weight. Furthermore, when these people become aware of their obesity and seek treatment, they do not find adequate professionals and centers. Failure was mostly due to the enormous burden of obesity stigma and discrimination which, especially in children and young people, encourages internalization of the problem and takes away their self-efficacy, desire and ability to take care of themselves. Conclusions: New actions are needed to change all this. We propose "Training, Networking and Contrasting Weight Stigma". Now that we've figured out where to start, we should get going. And yet, nothing is changing! [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]