Search

Este estudo visa a estabelecer uma base conceitual-teórica à análise de um texto bíblico em perspectivas comunicativa e pragmática. A Escritura e a Tradição da Igreja ressaltam, há tempo, o valor pragmático da Palavra de Deus, que não retorna ao seu Autor sem ter alcançado o seu propósito (Is 55,11). No entanto, a aplicação da pragmalinguística ao estudo dos textos bíblicos e aos seus relativos contextos de leitura é um fenômeno recente na exegese bíblica. A pesqui­sa se desenvolve a partir das investigações e publicações de renomados exegetas que, nas últimas três décadas, têm se dedicado à tarefa de escrever as primeiras páginas da linguística pragmática em âmbito bíblico.

Cathodic cage discharge was developed recently in order to eliminate phenomena as edge effect and overheating, which occurs during conventional processes. In this study, the effect of cage configuration in active species during the deposition process and optical properties of TiN film were studied. TiN compound was chosen because its optical properties are very sensitive to slight variations in microstructure and film thickness, becoming a good monitoring tool in fabrication process control. Cages were made of titanium and have different holes numbers and holes diameter. Electrical efficiency of the system and optical properties of TiN films were strongly influenced by experimental conditions. It was found that with more holes at the top of cage, deposition rate and crystallinity were higher, if compared to cages with a small number of holes at the top. On the other hand, the opposite behavior was observed when more holes were located at the sidewall of cage.

The present work aims to analyze the impacts on political parties (and on democracy itself) of the ban on coalitions in proportional elections stipulated in Brazilian legislation through Constitutional Amendment 97/2017. To this end, it examines some of the most significant issues related to the subject, notably: the relationship between democracy, representativeness and parties; the majoritarian and proportional systems; and the trend towards fewer parties. In methodological terms, it relies mainly on bibliographic research. In the final part of the article, it is also supported by a quantitative survey of data provided by the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), with the aim of presenting a concrete example of an election. It is anticipated that, in addition to the barrier clause, the ban on coalitions could result in the elimination of smaller parties, compromising the logic of the representative system and the constitutional guarantee of multi-partyism and representativeness. The results show that there is a risk that the reduction in the number of parties will not succeed, and that the participation of parties representing minorities will be strangled, maintaining the presence of larger groups, less ideologically committed parties. The conclusion is that the reform introduced by the constitutional amendment needs to be further developed if the aim is to invest effectively against the reproduction of parties that are not committed to representativeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Busca-se acompanhar o desenvolvimento da teoria evolucionária no pensamento de Habermas, a partir da afirmação colhida no prólogo de Problemas de Legitimação do Capitalismo Tardio, de 1973: "O caráter programático evidencia que uma teoria da evolução social hoje se encontra apenas esboçada, mas que, no entanto, deveria constituir a base da teoria da sociedade". A atenção é direcionada à forma como Habermas reorienta o sentido evolucionário do desdobramento histórico à luz do conceito de mundo da vida, como esfera de realização da ação comunicativa. Objetiva-se investigar como é projetada nesse modelo de ação, por meio da linguagem, a tarefa de produção e reprodução simbólica do consenso normativo entre os participantes do mundo social, ao mesmo tempo em que Habermas sinaliza haver um telos de integração social imanente à própria prática comunicativa. Nesse sentido, procurar-se-á demonstrar que, assim como a pragmática universal serve de base teórica para a análise de processos de distorção da linguagem e de socialização anormais, a teoria da evolução social serve de parâmetro para uma teoria social crítica com intenção emancipatória de avaliar o desdobramento empírico e contingente da dinâmica histórica.We seek to follow the development of evolutionary theory in the thought of Habermas, starting with the statement taken from the Prologue of Legitimation Crisis, 1973: "The programmatic character of Part I of this book makes clear that a theory of social evolution, although it must be the basis of social theory, is today still scarcely at all developed." Attention is directed to how Habermas reorients the evolutionary meaning of historical development in light of the concept of lifeworld as the sphere of the realization of communicative action. We seek to investigate how Habermas' model assigns, by means of language, the task of symbolic production and reproduction of the normative consensus among participants in the social world, while at the same time indicating that there is a telos of social integration immanent in the communicative practice itself. In this sense, we seek to demonstrate that just as universal pragmatics serves as the theoretical basis for the analysis of processes of abnormal socialization and the distortion of language, the theory of social evolution serves as a parameter for a critical social theory with the emancipatory intent of evaluating the empirical and contingent unfolding of historical dynamics.

AISI 409 ferritic stainless steel samples were nitrided using the cathodic cage plasma nitriding technique (CCPN), with the addition of methane to reduce chromium precipitation, increase hardness and wear resistance and reduce the presence of nitrides when compared to plasma carbonitriding. Microhardness profiles and X-Ray analysis confirm the formation of a very hard layer containing mainly ε-Fe3N and expanded ferrite phases.

La hidroxiapatita es catalogada como un material bioactivo cuya capacidad de interacción con el hueso ha permitido su uso de forma satisfactoria para aplicaciones ortopédicas y dentales. En el presente trabajo la hidroxiapatita producida por el Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas fue proyectada mediante una antorcha de plasma atmosférico sobre un sustrato de acero inoxidable austenítico. El tamaño de partículas fue determinado por dispersión láser y la distancia de proyección fue variada entre 20 y 60 mm. La microestructura y composición de fase del polvo, así como la del recubrimiento obtenido fueron examinados por microscopia óptica, microscopia electrónica de barrido y difracción de rayos X (DRX). La composición química puntual del recubrimiento fue analizada por espectrometría de dispersión de energía (EDS), también fueron medidos la dureza, el espesor de capa y la cristalinidad. Los resultados indican que la cristalinidad disminuye con el incremento de la distancia de proyección, no así su dureza y espesor de capa.Hydroxyapatite is classified as a bioactive material whose ability of interaction with bone allowed its use in a satisfactory way for orthopedic and dental application. In present paper the hydroxyapatite produced by the National Center of Scientific Researches, was projected by means of an atmospheric plasma torch on an austenitic stainless steel substrate. The particles' size was determined by laser dispersion and the projection distance fluctuates between 20 and 60 mm. The microstructure and the powder phase composition, as well as the coating achieved were examined by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-rays diffraction (XRD). The coating's point chemical composition was analyzed by energy-dispersion spectrometry (EDS) and the hardness, layer thickness and crystallization were measured. Results showed that crystallization decreases according to the increase of projection distance, but not its hardness and layer thickness.

The work is a study about main work features and properties of plasma of argon for designing and building plasma torches, to be employed in the projection of fine particles. The plasma properties in feature of their temperature and pressure are determinate and their behaviors inside the main element of the torche: the nozzle, is simulated. The influence of nozzles characteristics in the obtained plasma is determined, from finite elements models developed, being ended up defining the best nozzle parameters to be designed and built.

This work focuses on the conception of work from the Critical Social Theory by Jürgen Habermas, highlighting its importance in the process of self-constitution of the human societies. In the general level of analysis, this study observes the effects of the modern State, emphasizing the configuration of the Liberal and Interventionist States. Regarding the latter, mainly after the liberalism crisis in the first half of the last century, this work seeks to highlight the role of the State intervention in the economic domain, directing the discussion to the ambit of the Brazilian Constitutions, particularly the 1988 Constitution, Art. 170, in the light of the valorization of the human work.Ressalta-se a concepção de trabalho a partir da Teoria Social Crítica de Jürgen Habermas, destacando a importância do mesmo no processo de autoconstituição das sociedades humanas. Ainda no plano geral da análise, acompanha-se o desdobramento do Estado moderno, enfatizando a configuração dos Estados Liberal e Intervencionista. Nesse último, sobretudo, após a crise do liberalismo na primeira metade do século passado, busca-se realçar o papel de intervenção do Estado no domínio econômico, trazendo a discussão para o âmbito das Constituições brasileiras, com destaque especial à Constituição de 1988, no seu Art. 170, à luz da valorização do trabalho humano.

Mechanical and tribological properties os AISI 304 and AISI 316 stainless steels submited to glow discharge ion nitriding are reported.The atmosphere was 20:80 - N2:H2 with substrate temperatures ranging from 300 to 500 °C. Treatment at 300 °C produced expanded austenite (γN) in both steels. Increasing the temperature, the phases γ´-Fe4N and - Fe2+xN were present and the latter is the major phase for AISI 304. At 500 °C, the CrN phase was also identified in both steels. Hardnesses of about 13-14 GPa at near surface regions were obtained in both steels. Moreover, AISI 316 nitrided at 500 °C has the deepest hard layer. Tribological tests showed that wear can be reduced by up to a factor of six after the nitriding processes, even for a working temperature of 300 °C. The profiles during and after nanoscratch tests did not reveal significant differences after nitriding processes in both steels.

Thin films of titanium were deposited onto Al2O3 substrate by hollow cathode discharge method for the formation of a ceramic-ceramic joint using indirect brazing method. An advantage of using this technique is that a relatively small amount of titanium is required for the metallization of the ceramic surface when compared with other conventional methods. Rapidly solidified brazing filler of Cu49Ag45Ce6 in the form of ribbons was used. The thickness of deposited titanium layer and the brazing temperature/time were varied. The quality of the brazed joint was evaluated through the three point bending flexural tests. The brazed joints presented high flexural resistance values up to 176 MPa showing the efficiency of the technique.

La Región del Bío-Bío se encuentra en la zona sur de Chile central, considerado un hotspot de biodiversidad. Aunque es una región fuertemente intervenida por el hombre, principalmente por la agricultura, la forestación, la industrialización y la urbanización, tiene un bajo porcentaje de superficie protegida por el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Silvestres Protegidas del Estado (SNASPE). Por ello, documentar la biodiversidad de la región es una tarea ineludible. Se analizó la diversidad de la familia Poaceae en la Región del Bío-Bío, a partir de las bases de datos de los herbarios de la Universidad de Concepción (CONC) y del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural (SGO), así como de la literatura taxonómica. Sobre la base de esta información, se preparó una lista revisada de las especies y se confeccionaron mapas que muestran la intensidad de las recolecciones realizadas y la riqueza de especies. Para evaluar la exhaustividad del inventario se confeccionó una curva de rarefacción y se calculó la riqueza específica estimada mediante los estimadores no paramétricos Chao-2 e ICE. La flora de gramíneas de la Región del Bío-Bío, identificada a partir de 3.069 especímenes, se compone de 234 especies y 11 taxones infraespecíficos, distribuidos en 76 géneros y 8 subfamilias. Un 66,2% de las especies (155 especies) son nativas, de las cuales un 11,5% (27 especies) son endémicas de Chile y un 54,7% (128 especies) son nativas no endémicas; un 33,7% (79 especies) son introducidas. Las subfamilias mejor representadas en número de especies son Pooideae (73,08%), Panicoideae (12,39%), Danthonioideae (5,98%) y Chloridoideae (4,70%). Los valores de riqueza estimada sugieren que el inventario de Poaceae se ha completado en 83-85%, lo que implica que alrededor de 40 especies podrían aún ser reconocidas en la Región del Bío-Bío.The Region of Bío-Bío is located on the southern edge of central Chile, considered a hotspot of biodiversity. Although the region is strongly disturbed by human activities, mainly agriculture, forestry, industrialization and urbanization, it has a low percentage of area covered by the National System of Protected Areas (SNASPE). Thus, to document the regional biodiversity is a critical task. The diversity of the family Poaceae (Gramineae) in the Region of Bío-Bío, Chile, was studied on the basis of data obtained from the databases of the herbaria of the University of Concepción (CONC) and the National Museum of Natural History (SGO), as well as from the taxonomic literature. Maps showing the collecting intensity and species richness were made. To assess the completeness of the inventory a rarefaction curve was constructed and the estimated species richness was calculated by the non-parametric indices Chao2 and ICE. The grass flora of the Region of Bío-Bío, identified from 3,069 specimens, consists of 234 species and 11 infraspecific taxa, distributed in 76 genera and 8 subfamilies. A total of 66.2% of the species are native (155 species), including 11.5% (27 species) endemic from Chile and 54.7% (128 species) native from Chile but not endemic; 33.7% (79 species) are introduced. The subfamilies better represented in number of species are Pooideae (73.08%), Panicoideae (12.39%), Danthonioideae (5.98%) and Chloridoideae (4.70%). The values of estimated richness suggest that the inventory of Poaceae has been completed in 83-85%, which means that about 40 species could still be recognized in the Region of Bío-Bío.

Se describe Oxalis novemfoliolata Heibl & Martic. del desierto de Atacama, Chile. Hasta ahora ha sido encontrada solamente en Falda Verde cerca de Chañaral. Se distingue de las demás especies halladas en el territorio chileno por sus hojas en su mayoría 9-folioladas. Tanto la morfología del cáliz, forma de vida y suculencia, así como los marcadores moleculares, la agrupan a la sección Carnosae.

El archipiélago de Juan Fernández (Robinson Crusoe) está ubicado a 670 km al oeste de Valparaíso, en el Océano Pacífico. Está formado por tres islas, todas de origen volcánico: Más a Tierra (Robinson Crusoe) Más Afuera (Alejandro Selkirk) y Santa Clara. Los inventarios más completos de la flora de este archipiélago fueron realizados por Johow a fines del s. XIX y por Skottsberg, a mediados del siglo pasado. El estudio más reciente es el de Danton & Perrier. La flora documentada es de 423 especies de plantas vasculares, 55 Pteridophyta, 289 Dicotyledoneae y 79 Monocotyledoneae. Del número total de especies, 31,2% son endémicas, 18,7% nativas y 50,1% adventicias. La familia Poaceae comprende el 11% de la flora total de las islas y presenta 53 especies incluidas en 32 géneros, de las cuales el 9,4% son endémicas, 9,4% nativas y 81,2% introducidas. En este trabajo se entrega una clave dicotómica para los géneros, se describen y se señala, para cada una de las especies, información relacionada con la iconografía, distribución, ecología, estados de conservación y material examinado. Se comentan estos resultados con los descritos por Danton & Perrier (2006).The archipelago of Juan Fernández (Robinson Crusoe) is located to 670 km west of Valparaíso, in the Pacific Ocean. It is formed by 3 islands, all of volcanic origin: Masatierra (Robinson Crusoe), Masafuera (Alexander Selkirk) and Santa Clara. Johow and Skottsberg have made the most complete inventories of the flora of this archipelago. The most recent study is the one of Danton & Perrier. The documented flora include 423 species of vascular plants, 55 Pteridophyta, 289 Dicotyledoneae and 79 Monocotyledoneae. Of the total number of species, 31.2% are endemic, 18.7% native and 50.1% introduced. The Poaceae family represents 11% of the total flora of the islands and displays 53 species included in 32 genera, of which 9,4% are endemic, 9,4% native and 81,2% alien. In this work a key for the genera and a description of the species are given. Information in relationship to the iconography, distribution, ecology, conservation and examined material is presented. These results are compared and discussed with the ones of Danton & Perrier (2006)

Este estudo tem por escopo analisar o instituto do Acordo de Leniência, notadamente, à luz de sua previsão na Lei Anticorrupção (Lei 12.846 de 2013) e no Decreto Regulamentar 8.420, de 2015. Em um primeiro momento, analisar-se-á a origem do acordo de leniência de forma ampla, sobretudo no sistema estadunidense para, pari passu, investigá-lo no âmbito da Lei Anticorrupção. Após, procurar-se-á refutar sua possível (in)constitucionalidade. Por fim, será traçado um paralelo entre os Acordos de Leniência e a Administração Pública dialógica, tendo como parâmetro a teoria discursiva habermasiana. Ao final, busca-se demonstrar que o Acordo de Leniência constitui em legítimo instrumento constitucional e, ademais, configura-se em efetivo mecanismo consensual de combate à corrupção em solo democrático.

Aim: To evaluate the adhesion of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal cells (MBMMC) on different titanium surfaces. Methods: Grade II titanium discs (ASTM F86) received two different surface treatments: polished (S1) and cathodic cage plasma nitriding (S2). MBMMC were cultured on titanium discs in 24-well cell culture plates, at a density of 1 x 104 cells per well. After 24 h, the adhesion was evaluated using a hemocytometer. Results: The mean adhesion was greater on S2, though without statistically significant difference from S2 (p>0.05). Conclusions: It was demonstrated that titanium surface treatment with ionic nitriding in a cathodic cage is biocompatible since it preserved the integrity of the cultivated MBMMC for a period of 24 h, allowing their adhesion.

Aim: To evaluate the proliferative capacity of mesenchymal cells derived from human periodontal ligament on polished and plasma-treated titanium surfaces. Methods: Eighteen titanium disks were polished and half of them (n=9) were submitted to plasma nitriding using the cathodic cage technique. Mesenchymal cells were isolated from periodontal ligament of impacted third molars (n=2) and cultured on titanium disks (polished and nitrided) and on a plastic surface as a positive control of cell proliferation. Cell proliferation was analyzed and growth curves were constructed for the different groups by determining the number of cells adhered to the different surfaces at 24, 48 and 72 h after plating. Results: Higher cell number was observed for the nitrided surface at 24 and 48 h. However, no statistically significant difference in cell proliferation was observed between the two different surface treatments (p>0.05). Conclusions: We concluded that plasma nitriding produced surfaces that permitted the proliferation of human periodontal ligament mesenchymal cells. Associated to other physical and chemical properties, it is possible to assume the feasibility of plasma nitriding method and its positive effect on the early cellular events of osseointegration.

Cancer cells depend on altered metabolism and nutrient uptake to generate and keep the malignant phenotype. The hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) is a branch of glucose metabolism that produces UDP-GlcNAc, and its derivatives, UDP-GalNAc and CMP-Neu5Ac, donor substrates used in the production of glycoproteins and glycolipids. Growing evidence demonstrates that alteration of the pool of activated substrates might lead to different glycosylation and cell signaling. It is already well established that aberrant glycosylation can modulate tumor growth and malignant transformation in different cancer types. Therefore, biosynthetic machinery involved in the assembly of aberrant glycans are becoming prominent targets for anti-tumor drugs. This review describes three classes of glycosylation, O-GlcNAcylation, N-linked and mucin type O-linked glycosylation, involved in tumor progression, their biosynthesis and highlights the available inhibitors as potential anti-tumor drugs.

Se presentan 61 nuevos registros de plantas introducidas para el Parque Nacional Torres del Paine (49°21'-51°08'S y 73°07'-74°52'O), Región de Magallanes, con una superficie de 181.414 ha. Se encontraron 85 especies introducidas, pertenecientes a 21 familias y 65 géneros. Las familias mejor representadas en número de especies fueron Poaceae (22 spp.), Asteraceae (11 spp.) y Caryophyllaceae (7 spp.). Las hierbas perennes constituyen el 52% y las anuales el 34% de la flora. El 88% de ellas son de origen europeo y el 36% corresponde a especies invasorasWe report 61 new records of alien plants for Torres del Paine National Park. The park is located in the Magellan Region (49°21'-51°08'S y 73°07'-74°52'O), with an area of 181.414 ha. The study area has 21 families, 65 genera and 85 alien species. The families with the largest number of species are Poaceae (22 spp.), Asteraceae (11 spp.) and Caryophyllaceae (7 spp.).The most important life form is perennial herb, with 52% of the species and annual herb with 34%. 88% of the alien species has a European origin. 36% species are considered invasive