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Copyright of Cartaphilus is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Universidad del Valle de Guatemala is the property of Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín de la Sociedad Argentina de Botánica is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Botanica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Breeding synchrony with the lunar cycle has been reported for many marine organisms but is essentially unknown for birds. Most organisms shown to breed synchronously with the lunar cycle provide no parental care to young, and such explosive breeding assemblages are usually promiscuous. Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows (Ammodramus caudacutus caudacutus) nest exclusively on salt marshes and are subjected to predictable, catastrophic flooding caused during flood tides every 28 days. Here, we show that Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow males were nonterritorial and promiscuous and provided no parental care to young. Breeding behaviors of both sexes were synchronized with the lunar cycle. By contrast, males of a sympatric sister species, Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrow (A. nelsoni subvirgatus), consistently mate-guarded females, and breeding was not synchronized with the lunar cycle, yielding 21% lower reproductive success compared with Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows. Saltmarsh and Nelson's sharp-tailed sparrows renested 2.9 [+ or -] 0.6 (SE) days and 10.3 [+ or -] 1.7 days after nest flooding, respectively. Patterns of vicariance between Nelson's and Saltmarsh sharp-tailed sparrows may explain the differences in social behavior and nesting ecology. Ancestral sharp-tailed sparrows diverged from Seaside Sparrows (A. maritimus) in tidal wetlands, and Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrows then diverged from Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows in nontidal fresh-water wetlands of interior North America. Nelson's Sharp-tailed Sparrows' range recently expanded into coastal salt marshes, where Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrows are better adapted to tidally influenced inundations. Adaptation to tidal flooding partially explains the evolution of the unique Saltmarsh Sharp-tailed Sparrow mating system. Key words: Ammodramus, breeding, mate-guarding, nest survival, promiscuous, sharp-tailed sparrows, synchrony, tides. Se ha reportado sincronia reproductiva con el ciclo lunar para muchos organismos marinos, pero no se sabe nada acerca del tema para las aves. La mayoria de los organismos que han mostrado sincronicidad con el ciclo lunar no presentan cuidado parental de las crias, y los ensamblajes reproductivos son usualmente promiscuos. Ammodramus caudacutus caudacutus nidifica exclusivamente en marismas que estan sujetas a inundaciones catastroficas predecibles causadas por la marea cada 28 dias. Aqui mostramos que los machos de A. c. caudacutus fueron promiscuos, no territoriales y no brindaron cuidado paternal a los pichones. El comportamiento reproductivo de ambos sexos estuvo sincronizado con el ciclo lunar. En contraste, los machos de la especie simpatrica hermana A. nelsoni subvirgatus consistentemente protegieron a sus parejas y la reproduccion no estuvo sincronizada con el ciclo lunar, y su exito reproductivo fue un 21% menor que el de A. c. caudacutus. A. c. caudacutus y A. n. subvirgatus volvieron a nidificar 2.9 [+ or -] 0.6 (EE) dias y 10.3 [+ or -] 1.7 dias luego de la inundacion de los nidos, respectivamente. Los patrones de vicarianza entre A. n. subvirgatus y A. c. caudacutus podrian explicar las diferencias en el comportamiento social y la ecologia de nidificacion. El ancestro de estas dos especies divergio de A. maritimus en los humedales marinos, y luego A. n. subvirgatus divergio de A. c. caudacutus en los humedales de agua dulce del interior de America del Norte. El rango de A. n. subvirgatus se expandio recientemente a las marismas costeras, donde A. c. caudacutus esta mejor adaptado a las inundaciones provocadas por la marea. La adaptacion a las inundaciones marinas explica parcialmente la evolucion del sistema de apareamiento unico de A. c. caudacutus.

Copyright of Investigações em Ensino de Ciências is the property of Instituto de Fisica-UFRGS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aetobatus narinari represents a fisheries target in Southern Gulf of Mexico, and it is currently considered a Near Threatened species by the IUCN red list. The information available of this batoid fish includes some biological and fishery aspects; nevertheless, little is known about the factors influencing on fishing operations and catches. In order to evaluate the effect of environmental factors and the fishing effort allocation by vessels on the target fishery of A. narinari in this area, a daily basis sampling was carried out on four small-scale vessels, from January to July 2009 (the entire fishing season), in two fishing localities (Campeche and Seybaplaya). A total of 896 rays were recorded from 280 fishing trips. A General Linear Model was used to predict the factors effect on the probability that fishing operations occurred, and on the probability for captures of at least one or three or five rays per vessel-trip. The probability that fishing operations occurred off Campeche was predicted by the lunar cycle, with the highest probability in the new moon period (66%) and a probability smaller than 35% for the other periods. The probability that fishing operations occurred off Seybaplaya was predicted by wind velocity, with higher probabilities at low wind velocity than at high wind velocity, and a 50% probability of fishing operations at 12-15km/h. Catch rates off Seybaplaya were predicted by the vessel's factor (the effect of fishing effort allocation), the North wind season and sea surface temperature. The probability for captures of at least one and three rays per vessel-trip was predicted by the vessel's factor and the North wind season. One vessel had higher catch probability (83% for at least one ray and 43% for at least three rays) than the others (69 and 70% for at least one ray and 26% for at least three rays), and during the North wind season the catch probability was higher (96% for at least one ray and 72% for at least three rays) than out of that season (68% for at least one ray and 21% for at least three rays). The probability for capture at least five rays per vessel-trip was predicted by the sea surface temperature and the North wind season. At 23°C the catch probability was of 49% and the probability gradually diminished to 4% at 28°C, and during the North wind season the catch probability was higher (40%) than out of that season (7%). This study shows that some environmental factors and fishermen perceptions and experience (fishing effort allocation) influence on the catch rate of A. narinari, and that these factors must be considered in future studies on elasmobranch fisheries, mainly when comparisons between catch rates among seasons or regions are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In legal proceedings from 16th century viceroyalty of Peru, indigenous witnesses identified themselves according to the convention of Spanish judicial system by name, place of residence and age. This last category often proved to be difficult. Witnesses claimed that they did not know their age or gave an approximate age using rounded decimal numbers. At the moment of the Spanish invasion, people in the Andes followed the progress of time during the year by observing the course of the sun and the lunar cycle, but they were not interested in measuring time spans beyond the year. The opposite is true for the Spanish invaders. The documents where the witnesses testified were dated precisely using counting years from a date in the distant past, the birth year of the founder of the Christian religion. But this precision in the written record perhaps distorts the reality of everyday Spanish practices. In daily life, Spaniards often measured time in a reference system similar to that used by the Andeans, dividing the past in relation to public events like a war or personal turning points like the birth of a child. In the administrative and legal area, official Spanish dating prevailed, and Andean people were forced to adapt to this novel practice. This paper intends to contrast the Andean and Spanish ways of measuring the past, but will also focus on the possible areas of overlap between both practices. Finally, it will be asked how Andeans reacted to and interacted with Spanish dating and time measuring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesa Verde National Park contains spectacularly well-preserved Ancestral Puebloan structures dating to the thirteenth century. The construction dates of these structures are often well dated using tree rings or by applying tree-ring dates to spatial relationships between the buildings and the details of construction sequences within a single building. Cliff Palace (5MV625) and Sun Temple (5MV352) are two such sites and have an uninterrupted line of sight, forming the main example of potential astronomical observations in this article. In addition, the construction dates of other sites in the park suggest a pattern of potential correlation with the 18.6-year lunar standstill cycle. This contribution constitutes an initial step in exploring the potential relationships between architectural construction sequences and details, building and feature placement, and construction dating with the lunar standstill cycle and other astronomical observations such as the solstices. For example, Sun Temp may have been used as a horizon marker for the observation of winter solstice sunset when observed from a basin pecked into the bedrock and for the southern lunar maxima moons when observed through a now sealed loophole in the Cliff Palace Tower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At a certain age, women arrive to puberty, which is evident by a blood discharge coming from the womb, and it is called menstruation. The most important characteristic is its periodicity, for this reason it has been called period (or menses). Also, because it happens every month, it was associated to the moon cycle and the influence upon women by this celestial body is established. It is believed that the idea of considering menstruation dangerous began in the prehistoric era, when menstrual contamination was related to the attraction of hungry animals to the hunters. Later, in Greece (600 B. C.), it was consider as a way of eliminating harmful substances from the woman's body. As time passed, this concept was mixed with popular and magical ideas of Roman medicine (1st Century A. D.) making menstrual blood a dangerous element against people, plants and animals. The correlation of fertility with menstruation was evident since ancient-times, because if women did not menstruate or stopped menstruating, her capacity for procreating was interrupted. The Greek medical ideas about menstruation persisted until the middle of the XlXth century, when a succession of discoveries were able to determine the influence of the ovaries over menstruation, as a physiological process of womb preparation for a possible pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iberoromania is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an arbovirus that, despite the existence of a safe and effective vaccine, continues to cause outbreaks of varying dimensions in the Americas and Africa. Between 2017 and 2019, Brazil registered un unprecedented sylvatic YFV outbreak whose severity was the result of its spread into zones of the Atlantic Forest with no signals of viral circulation for nearly 80 years. Methods: To investigate the influence of climatic, environmental, and ecological factors governing the dispersion and force of infection of YFV in a naïve area such as the landscape mosaic of Rio de Janeiro (RJ), we combined the analyses of a large set of data including entomological sampling performed before and during the 2017–2019 outbreak, with the geolocation of human and nonhuman primates (NHP) and mosquito infections. Results: A greater abundance of Haemagogus mosquitoes combined with lower richness and diversity of mosquito fauna increased the probability of finding a YFV-infected mosquito. Furthermore, the analysis of functional traits showed that certain functional groups, composed mainly of Aedini mosquitoes which includes Aedes and Haemagogus mosquitoes, are also more representative in areas where infected mosquitoes were found. Human and NHP infections were more common in two types of landscapes: large and continuous forest, capable of harboring many YFV hosts, and patches of small forest fragments, where environmental imbalance can lead to a greater density of the primary vectors and high human exposure. In both, we show that most human infections (~ 62%) occurred within an 11-km radius of the finding of an infected NHP, which is in line with the flight range of the primary vectors. Conclusions: Together, our data suggest that entomological data and landscape composition analyses may help to predict areas permissive to yellow fever outbreaks, allowing protective measures to be taken to avoid human cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Neotropical Mammalogy / Mastozoología Neotropical is the property of Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamiferos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tonos Digital: Revista de Estudios Filológicos is the property of Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Murcia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sinfonia Virtual is the property of Sinfonia Virtual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hermeneus is the property of Revista Hermeneus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecologia Austral is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Obras y Proyectos is the property of Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: Los cambios temporales de nicho pueden amoldar las interacciones predador-presa al permitir a la presa evadir los predadores, mejorar la eficacia de la alimentación y reducir la competición entre predadores. Además de los patrones de actividad circadianos, el ciclo lunar mensual puede influye en los patrones de actividad nocturna de los mamíferos. Objetivo: Mediante muestreos con cámaras trampa en sitios de la pendiente del Pacífico y la Cordillera de Talamanca, investigamos los patrones de actividad circadiana (día y noche) y nocturna durante las fases de la luna del jaguar (Panthera onca) y puma (Puma concolor). Métodos: Investigamos la superposición y segregación temporal entre pares de cada predador y sus presas primarias, y entre sus competidores utilizando análisis de superposición, estadísticas circulares y abundancia relativa, teniendo en cuenta diferencias de hábitat, estaciones, y de impacto humano entre los sitios. Resultados: Nuestros resultados respaldaron la existencia de una separación temporal de nicho entre las dos especies de predadores, aunque ambos fueron clasificados como catemerales, el jaguar era principalmente diurno, mientras que el puma era principalmente nocturno. Descubrimos que el jaguar y el puma practican distintos patrones de actividad nocturna durante las fases de la luna, con el jaguar exhibiendo un aumento dramático en la actividad durante la luna llena y el puma manteniendo un nivel de actividad más consistente a través de las fases lunares. Sin embargo, durante la luna llena, ambas especies fueron más activas durante la noche y menos activas durante el día, lo que sugiere que practican un cambio de nicho temporal para aprovechar las actividades de caza durante la iluminación lunar más brillante de cada mes. Discutimos las presas primarias predichas y las especies competidoras. Conclusión: Concluimos que el jaguar y el puma exhiben una separación de nicho significativa en actividad circadiana y lunar. A través de estos distintos patrones de actividad temporal, el jaguar y el puma pueden explotar una base de presas ligeramente diferente a pesar de su tamaño similar.