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The investigation results of the structure and wear resistance of composite chemical coatings on the nickel base obtained by means of mutual codeposition with nanodispersed particles of aluminum oxide and potassium polytitanate are presented. The investigations are carried out by scanning electron microscope. It is found, that composite nickel penetrates into the base metal to a depth of about 5 µm, forming diffusion layer, which provides an increased cohesive strength of the coating with base metal. Composite coating has abundance of inclusions of different size along the whole surface; which are absent in the base coating. Nanodispersed particles penetrate into the coating; accelerate the nickeling process, which provides the increase of the coating wear resistance.

The aim of the investigation was to evaluate the ratio of classical (CD14++CD16-), intermediate (CD14++CD16+), nonclassical (CD14+CD16+) and transient (CD14+CD16–) monocytes in the blood and bone marrow in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) against ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP).Materials and methods. 17 patients with ICMP and 14 practically healthy donors were observed. The material of the study was venous blood (in patients and healthy donors) and red bone marrow (in patients). In the materials the relative content of different monocytes subpopulations was determined by flow cytometry. The obtained results were analyzed by statistical methods.Results. It is shown that in the blood of patients the proportion of monocytes with the phenotype CD14++CD16- is 57.77 [of 46.35; 79.76]%, CD14++CD16+ – 25.06 [4.96; 42.31]%, CD14+CD16+ 5.05 [4.08; 6.58]% and CD14+CD16- – 6.03 [3.58; 10.89]%; in the bone marrow – 43.44 [40.54; 44.68]%, 0.16 [0; 1.07]%, 0,54 [0.35; 1.07]% and 54,32 [52.83; 56.08]%, respectively, which is different from the content of the data cells subpopulations in the blood (p < 0.05). At the same time, the content of non-classical monocytes in the patients’ blood is 2 times lower than in healthy donors, and the number of other cells varies within the norm.Conclusion. The differentiation of monocytes into 4 subpopulations in patients with CHF occurs directly in the bloodstream, since mainly the classical and transitional monocyte fractions with the prevalence of the latter are present in the bone marrow. Deficiency of non-classical monocytes of blood in CHF is probably associated with a disruption of their extramedullary differentiation.

The article sets the question of a possible influence of ideas, close to those of the Oxford Movement, on the ecclesiastic enlightenment in Russia in the second half of the nineteenth century. According to the “Lexicon of the Russian Academy”, the ecclesiastic enlightenment in a broad context could be understood as a longing of a part of the Russian society to introduce religious enlightenment and renovation.The English Church, and first of all its High Church, attracted attention of Russian society, and that interest increased in 1840-s, when the so called Oxford, or Tractarian Movement had been shaped in the frames of the High Church. The ideas promoted by that movement included those ones: restoration of the Church doctrine and the strengthening of its role in the life of society, calling for “antiquity” – theological and liturgical heritage of the common Christian Church, before its disintegration. The similar ideas, shaped under the influence of Romanticism, were popular among the supporters of the liturgical renaissance in the Roman Catholic Church, “Old Catholics”, as well as among the Kollyvades in Greece.All this could not but arouse interest of that part of Russian society, which was involved into the discourse of religious renovation and ecclesiastic enlightenment. There were not only clergymen and teachers of spiritual schools, but also a broad public: journalists, historians of religion, and philosophers. A famous participant of ecclesiastic enlightenment, specialist in Biblical studies and Christian history A. P. Lopukhin called Tractarianism “the great Oxford Movement”.

Aims: To identify an imbalance of cardiac remodeling mediators and monocytes subpopulation in blood, distribution of myocardium macrophages in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICMP). Methods: The study engaged 30 patients with ICMP, 26 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) without ICMP, 15 healthy donors. Concentrations of TGFβ, MMP-9, MCP-1, galectin-3 were measured in plasma of blood from the coronary sinus and peripheral blood in CHD patients, as well as in peripheral blood in healthy donors, by enzyme immunoassay method. The ration of classical, intermediate, non-classical, transitional monocytes in peripheral blood of patients and healthy donors was assessed by flow cytometry (expression CD14, CD16); the content of CD68+ macrophages in myocardium – by immunohistochemistry method. Results: In both samples of blood, the content of galectin-3 in patients with ICMP was higher than in CHD patients without ICMP and the level of TGFβ was comparable between the groups. At ICMP, the concentration of MMP-9 in sinus blood was higher than that in CHD patients without ICMP in whom an excess of MCP-1 in the general blood flow was determined. The density of distribution of CD68+ cells in the myocardium in patients with ICMP was higher in the perianeurysmal zone than in the right atrium appendage. ICMP was characterized by a deficiency of non-classical monocytes, and CHD without ICMP – by an excess of intermediate cells in peripheral blood. Conclusion: Myocardium remodeling at ICMP is mediated by not so much TGFβ but intracardiac galectin-3, which determines the subpopulation composition of blood monocytes.

Objective: To measure progress towards introducing a 3-phase rehabilitation programme, based on the multidisciplinary approach, for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Seventeen hospital and outpatient medical centres from 13 regions of the Pilot Project. Baseline questionnaires assessed the involvement of multidisciplinary teams, staffing, and the equipment in healthcare facilities. These questionnaires covered 3 rehabilitation phases: inpatient rehabilitation in the intensive care units and departments of myocardial infarction/cardiac surgery; early in-hospital rehabilitation; and outpatient rehabilitation. Results: The pilot project was initiated in 2013. At the 5-year follow-up, phase I was established across all 17 sites, phase II at 13 sites, and phase III at 9 sites. By 2017, multidisciplinary teams were deployed to manage patients at all sites. Early rehabilitation in regional vascular centres, reduced patients’ stay from 13.7 (2.1) days in 2013 to 7.6 (1.1) days in 2017. Conclusion: Despite successful implementation of the 3-phase rehabilitation programme based on the multidisciplinary approach, further improvement is required, with the main focus shifted to patients routing between healthcare facilities. Particular attention should be paid to the standards for providing phase III cardiac rehabilitation, in order to ensure continuity of cardiac rehabilitation. The next step should include assessment of the effectiveness of the implemented cardiac rehabilitation programme and its translation to other regions of the country.

The increasing prevalence of obesity, accompanied by an increase in the frequency of metabolic disorders, hypertension, associated conditions and diseases, dictates the need to optimize preventive and therapeutic strategies of the health care system, including pharmacological approaches to correcting obesity and the related risk. The evolution of this area led both to the disappearance of drugs that increase the risks of cardiovascular events, cancer, mental disorders or having other pronounced adverse effects, and to the emergence of unique drugs that not only lead to a decrease in body mass index, but also allow multifactorial effect on various components of adiposopathy or visceral obesity, among which glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide is currently registered with the indication for obesity. In this regard, the study continues in this regard and other representatives of this class, as well as drugs from sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors group. Many other promising pharmacological agents are currently being studied, a review of which is presented in this article.

It has been proven that about half of patients with heart failure (HF) have a preserved the left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction (EF), which complicates early detection of HF. Currently, there is a search for non-invasive methods for diagnosing myocardial fibrosis at the preclinical heart failure to prevent its progression and the appearance of clinical symptoms.Aim. To study the relationship of LV mechanics with the level of serum myocardial fibrosis markers in patients with epicardial obesity (EO).Material and methods. The study included 110 men with general obesity. Depending on echocardiographic data, the patients were divided into 2 groups: EO (+) with epicardial fat thickness (EFT) ≥7 mm (n=70); EO (-) with EFT

Asymmetric cell division (ACD) enables the maintenance of a stem cell population while simultaneously generating differentiated progeny. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) undergo multiple modes of cell division during tumor expansion and in response to therapy, yet the functional consequences of these division modes remain to be determined. Using a fluorescent reporter for cell surface receptor distribution during mitosis, we found that ACD generated a daughter cell with enhanced therapeutic resistance and increased coenrichment of EGFR and neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) from a glioblastoma CSC. Stimulation of both receptors antagonized differentiation induction and promoted self-renewal capacity. p75NTR knockdown enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of EGFR inhibition, indicating that coinheritance of p75NTR and EGFR promotes resistance to EGFR inhibition through a redundant mechanism. These data demonstrate that ACD produces progeny with coenriched growth factor receptors, which contributes to the generation of a more therapeutically resistant CSC population.

Robustness of biological systems is crucial for their survival, however, for many systems its origin is an open question. Here, we analyze one subcellular level system, the microtubule cytoskeleton. Microtubules self-organize into a network, along which cellular components are delivered to their biologically relevant locations. While the dynamics of individual microtubules is sensitive to the organism’s environment and genetics, a similar sensitivity of the overall network would result in pathologies. Our large-scale stochastic simulations show that the self-organization of microtubule networks is robust in a wide parameter range in individual cells. We confirm this robustness in vivo on the tissue-scale using genetic manipulations of Drosophila epithelial cells. Finally, our minimal mathematical model shows that the origin of robustness is the separation of time-scales in microtubule dynamics rates. Altogether, we demonstrate that the tissue-scale self-organization of a microtubule network depends only on cell geometry and the distribution of the microtubule minus-ends.

COVID-19 is a severe infection with high mortality. The concept of the disease has been shaped to a greater extent on the basis of large registers from the USA, Spain, Italy, and China. However, there is no information on the disease characteristics in Caucasian patients.Therefore, we created an international register with the estimated capacity of 5,000 patients — Dynamics Analysis of Comorbidities in SARS-CoV-2 Survivors (AKTIV SARS-CoV-2), which brought together professionals from the Russian Federation, Republic of Armenia, Republic of Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyz Republic. The article presents the first analysis of the register involving 1,003 patients. It was shown that the most significant difference of the Caucasian population was the higher effect of multimorbidity on the mortality risk vs other registers. More pronounced effect on mortality of such diseases as diabetes, obesity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and age over 60 years was also revealed.

Aim. To analyze clinical characteristics of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) in the Russian population, enrolled in the GLORIA-AF registry phase 2, depending on the antithrombotic therapy received, and to assess the potential for patient retention with dabigatran during a 2-year follow-up.Material and methods. In the Russian Federation, 408 patients were included in the second phase of GLORIA-AF which is a global prospective observational registry of newly diagnosed patients with AF. The patient characteristics are presented depending on received antithrombotic therapy (dabigatran, factor Xa inhibitors, vitamin K antagonist, antiplatelet agents, or no antithrombotic therapy), with a dabigatran dosing regimen of either 110 mg or 150 mg twice daily. Duration of patient retention on dabigatran therapy was also analyzed during a 2-year follow-up.Results. Of the 405 patients with recently diagnosed nonvalvular AF, 358 (88%) received oral anticoagulants (OAC), and 47 (12%) patients received antiplatelet drugs or received no antithrombotic therapy. Most patients were treated with dabigatran (n=275, 68%), and 75 (19%) patients received vitamin K antagonist. Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients receiving dabigatran were comparable with those in the general group of the Russian patients. The mean age was 63,5 years. The most common comorbidities in Russian patients receiving dabigatran were hypertension (93%), congestive heart failure (57%), coronary artery disease (35%). It is noteworthy that 12% and 10% of patients had a previous myocardial infarction and stroke, respectively. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score for stroke risk for these patients was 3,2; 88% of patients had a high stroke risk (score of >2). Of the 275 patients with AF who received dabigatran therapy, 164 (60%) patients received dabigatran at the dose of 150 mg twice daily, and 111 (40%) patients received 110 mg twice daily. Dabigatran doses of 110 mg twice daily were more frequently prescribed for female patients aged 65 years or older and patients with a previous coronary events and impaired renal function, who had a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score for stroke risk. There was a higher proportion of AF patients with marked symptoms in the dabigatran 150 mg twice daily group. A median duration of treatment with dabigatran with the initial dosing regimen was 24 months. The estimated dabigatran therapy retention rate was 0,87, 0,81 and 0,73 after 6, 12 and 24 months of follow-up, respectively.Conclusion. In the Russian Federation, patients with newly diagnosed AF who have an increased risk of stroke are more likely to receive OAC therapy, such as direct thrombin inhibitor (dabigatran), compared to the global cohort of the GLORIA AF Registry Program. Patients in the Russian cohort receiving dabigatran differ from the global cohort of patients by greater comorbidity. At the same time, patients receiving reduced doses of dabigatran, both in the Russian Federation and in the global Registry, are characterized by a greater proportion of patients aged >75 years, a higher incidence of previous myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, heart failure, impaired renal function, higher CHA2DS2-VASc score for stroke risk. The potential dabigatran therapy retention rate after 24 months in the Russian Federation and in the global cohort was high and amounted to about 70%.

The effect of substitutional impurities of the transition metals of VB–VIIB groups on the oxygen absorption in the doped α2-Ti3Al alloy was studied by the projector-augmented wave method within the density functional theory. It is established that all considered impurities prefer to substitute for a Ti atom rather than an Al atom. Changes in the absorption energy due to impurities being in the first neighbors of the oxygen atom were estimated. It was demonstrated that the doping resulted in a decrease in the oxygen absorption energy, which is mainly caused by the chemical contribution to it. The interaction energy between impurity atoms was calculated in the dependence on the interatomic distance. It was shown that the configuration with the impurity atoms being in the second neighbors of each other was stable in comparison with other possible configurations. The influence of two impurity atoms being in the first neighbors of oxygen is additively enhanced. It was revealed that the effect of two impurity atoms on the oxygen absorption energy can be estimated as the sum of the effects of separate impurities with an accuracy of more than ~90%.

The atomic structure and surface energies of several low-index surfaces (0001), (11¯00) and (112¯0) of Ti5Si3 in dependence on their termination were calculated by the projector augmented-wave method within the density functional theory. It was revealed that the mixed TiSi-terminated (0001) surface is stable within the wide range of change in the Ti chemical potential. However, the Ti-terminated Ti5Si3(0001) surface is slightly lower in energy in the Ti-rich limit. The oxygen adsorption on the stable Ti5Si3(0001) surface with TiSi termination was also studied. It was shown that the three-fold coordinated F1 position in the center of the triangle formed by surface titanium atoms is the most preferred for oxygen adsorption on the surface. The appearance of silicon as neighbors of oxygen in other considered F-positions leads to a decrease in the adsorption energy. The factors responsible for the increase/decrease in the oxygen adsorption energy in the considered positions on the titanium silicide surface are discussed.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited myocardial disease with significant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. To search for novel biomarkers, which could increase the accuracy of HCM diagnosis and improve understanding of its phenotype formation, we analyzed the levels of circulating miRNAs—stable non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Performed high throughput sequencing of miRNAs in plasma of HCM patients and controls pinpointed miR-499a-5p as one of 35 miRNAs dysregulated in HCM. Further investigation on enlarged groups of individuals showed that its level was higher in carriers of pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in MYH7 gene compared to controls (fold change, FC = 8.9; p < 0.0001). Just as important, carriers of variants in MYH7 gene were defined with higher miRNA levels than carriers of variants in the MYBPC3 gene (FC = 14.1; p = 0.0003) and other patients (FC = 4.1; p = 0.0008). The receiver operating characteristic analysis analysis showed the ability of miR-499a-5p to identify MYH7 variant carriers with the HCM phenotype with area under the curve value of 0.95 (95% confidence interval: 0.88–1.03, p = 0.0004); sensitivity and specificity were 0.86 and 0.91 (cut-off = 0.0014). Therefore, miR-499a-5p could serve as a circulating biomarker of HCM, caused by P/LP variants in MYH7 gene.

The mechanism of the chemical bonding of oxygen and fluorine on the GaSb(111) surface depending on its termination is studied by the projector augmented-waves method within density functional theory. It is shown that on an unreconstructed (111) surface with a cation termination, the adsorption of fluorine leads to the removal of surface states from the band gap. The binding energy of fluorine on the cation-terminated surface in the most preferable Ga-T position is lower by ~0.4 eV than that of oxygen, but it is significantly lower (by ~0.8 eV) on the anion-terminated surface. We demonstrate that the mechanism of chemical bonding of electronegative adsorbates with the surface has an ionic–covalent character. The covalence of the O–Sb bond is higher than the F–Sb one, and it is higher than both O–Ga and F–Ga bonds. Trends in the change in the electronic structure of the GaSb(111) surface upon adsorption of fluorine and oxygen are discussed. It is found that an increase in the oxygen concentration on the Sb-terminated GaSb(111) surface promotes a decrease in the density of surface states in the band gap.

The review describes the role of electrocardiography in the diagnosis of the most common nonischemic myocardial diseases associated with an increased risk of sudden cardiac death, especially in youth sports.

Развитие рекреации признано ведущим направлением социально-экономической деятельности Украины. На фоне активного развития в течение последних десятилетий новых мощных комплексов, по-прежнему остается малоразвитой инфраструктура, обостряются экологические и социально-экономические проблемы, утрачиваются эстетичность и уникальность ландшафтов. Для рационального и эффективного использования туристических, природных, лечебных и рекреационных ресурсов Украины необходимо сформировать туристско-рекреационное пространство путем создания и обеспечения функционирования зон развития туризма и курортов и разработать, внедрить, предложить потребителю конкурентоспособный национальный туристический продукт. В статье исследуются теоретико-методологические и практические аспекты формирования рекреационного пространства городов. Проанализированы научные труды, которые рассматривают сущность понятия «рекреационное пространство», определены факторы влияния на формирование и развитие рекреационного пространства города. Определено значение водной рекреации в организации отдыха, существующее состояние водной рекреации города Кременчуга, выявлены проблемы, а также потенциальные возможности развития территорий с целью отдыха над водой.

Experts consensus of the Russian Cardiology Society (RSC)

Arterial hypertension in adults. Clinical guidelines 2020

The effect of small additions (1–5 wt.%) of tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) and its complexes with Fe (III) and Sn (IV) on the structure and properties of ultrathin fibers based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has been studied. A comprehensive study of biopolymer compositions included X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), spin probe electron paramagnetic resonance method (EPR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was demonstrated that the addition of these dopants to the PHB fibers modifies their morphology, crystallinity and segmental dynamics in the amorphous regions. The annealing at 140 °C affects crystallinity and molecular mobility in the amorphous regions of the fibers, however the observed changes exhibit multidirectional behavior, depending on the type of porphyrin and its concentration in the fiber. Fibers exposure to an aqueous medium at 70 °C causes a nonlinear change in the enthalpy of melting and challenging nature of a change of the molecular dynamics.

The article discusses options for increasing the productivity of agricultural machinery, and also reveals the relationship between increasing its productivity by reducing the time of maintenance when using elements of virtual reality. Also, the article presents a mathematical model and shows the solution to the problem of assessing the productivity of agricultural technical units, in particular, it is proposed to conduct an assessment based on a comparison of the time spent on performing work when using elements of virtual reality during maintenance and in the traditional form of its implementation.

The reform of the budgetary and administrative spheres of legislation at the present stage is inextricably linked with the direction taken at the state level to stabilize the economy in the country, as well as to stimulate its growth. Particularly important element of this phenomenon is taxes, which represent the main source of revenues in the country’s budget and financial system. Today in the sphere of economy and financial regulation there is a question of increase of taxes. The President of the Russian Federation has already signed a law, according to which from January 1, 2019 the VAT rate increases from 18 to 20%. At the same time, the existing VAT benefits in the form of an exemption from this tax, as well as the VAT rate of 0% and 10% remain. The reform of the law on VAT (in addition to the increase of budget revenues from tax amounts) intended to eliminate the economic failure of the application of VAT and simplification of VAT administration. It should be noted that the problems arising from the improvement of indirect taxation, in this case, affecting the value added tax, are currently relevant for Russia. Starting from 1992, when VAT was introduced in Russia for the first time, to the present day, there are clashes of opinions of the warring parties about the relevance of the value added tax. The problems affect the level of rates and the procedure for calculating tax liabilities, the volume and structure of benefits, the procedure for VAT collection in the movement of goods and services between foreign partners, as well as the probability of its replacement with sales tax or the establishment of a single VAT rate. And this is not the most complete list of problems arising from the reform of the value added tax.