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Rational design hybrid nanostructure photocatalysts with efficient charge separation and transfer, and good solar light harvesting ability have critical significance for achieving high solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency. Here a highly active and stable composite photocatalyst is reported by integrating ultrathin ZnIn

Electrocatalytic oxygen evolution in acidic media is crucial for promoting water splitting. Herein, we report an Ag1/IrOx single atom catalyst (SAC) with Ag single atoms embedded in an IrO2 matrix ...

The common failure forms in the uniaxial compression test of standard cylindrical rock specimens are symmetric cone failure and splitting failure. In the past, two kinds of failure forms were explained from the plane problems of elasticity theory. However, there was a lack of research based on space problems. In this paper, based on spatial axisymmetric elastic mechanics theory, three-dimensional stress function is constructed for the cylindrical rock specimen under uniform axial compression by adopting the semi-inverse method. According to the stress function, the stress components and the principal stress are deduced when considering the end effect. The failure form is speculated, which can well explain the two common types of damage in uniaxial compression. This work may enrich the basic research of rock mechanics.

Aiming at the problem of routing voids in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) routing, we propose an energy-efficient routing void repair method (this method is called (EERVRM) based on autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) for UWSNs. First, we identify void nodes and trap nodes through a void detection mechanism, which allows EERVRM to discover the routing void before data transmission. Then, an AUV designs the trajectory of each round according to the location of the routing voids and collects data directly from the nodes near the trajectory. The nodes that are farther from the AUV transmit data through an opportunistic routing strategy so that EERVRM can adapt to the dynamic changes in the network and repair the network void. Simulation results show that EERVRM can effectively solve routing void problems, ensure a stable transmission rate. Compared with VAPR and GEDAR, as the number of nodes increases, the average end-to-end delay of EERVRM decreased by 0.29 and 0.13, and the packet delivery ratio (PDR) increased by 0.25 and 0.1, respectively.

AIM: To explore the pathogenic bacteria and drug resistance of acute dacryocystitis, and to provide a guide for rational clinical medication.METHODS: Lacrimal sac pus samples from 80 acute dacryocystitis cases were collected for bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test in Hebei Provincial Eye Hospital from January 2014 to October 2019. The change of detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in different years, the species of pathogenic bacteria of acute dacryocystitis, the main pathogenic bacteria, drug sensitivity and drug resistance of acute dacryocystitis, and the average detection rate of pathogenic bacteria in acute dacryocystitis were analyze.RESULTS:Totally 56 samples were positive for pathogenic bacteria, including 55 cases of bacteria and 1 case of fungi. The average detection rate was 70%. The detection rate of pathogenic bacteria strains was gradually decreasing year by year, and there were various types of pathogenic bacteria strains detected from samples. In addition, Gram-positive cocci was the main pathogenic bacteria of acute dacryocystitis, accounting for 68%(38 cases), of which, staphylococcus aureus accounted for 38%(21 cases). What's more, most Gram-positive cocci were sensitive to rifampin, levofloxacin, and chloramphenicol, and Gram-negative bacilli were more sensitive to tobramycin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin. Fifty-five cases of bacterial samples were obviously resistant to the first and second generation cephalosporins.CONCLUSION: Gram-positive cocci constitute the main pathogenic bacteria of acute dacryocystitis, and levofloxacin can be used as the first choice of topical antibiotics for the treatment of acute dacryocystitis.

MoSi2/Mo5Si3 eutectic composites have been considered as one of the promising candidates for ultra-high temperature structural applications owing to their high melting point, good oxidation resistance, and low mass density. Their mechanical properties can be improved by controlling the eutectic structure (i.e. script lamellar structure) in directional solidification. It is important to elucidate the dominant factors underlining the unique pattern formation. We conducted a comprehensive phase field study to examine the influence of various factors on the MoSi2/Mo5Si3 eutectic microstructure with complicated morphology. First, the inclined lamellae have been attributed to the minimization of elastic strain energy due to the lattice mismatch between MoSi2 and Mo5Si3, which are partially relaxed by forming semi-coherent phase boundaries. Second, the maze-like pattern on the horizontal cross-section appeared when a two-fold anisotropy of interfacial energy is superimposed on the MoSi2/Mo5Si3 boundary. Third, the random and intersected lamellae have been obtained by assuming the instability of the solid-liquid interface and introducing successive nucleation of Mo5Si3 phase. These findings provide guidance for manipulating the eutectic structure and act as footsteps for further theoretical investigation.

There remains a significant gap in our quantitative understanding of crosstalk between apoptosis and necroptosis pathways. By employing the SWATH-MS technique, we quantified absolute amounts of up to thousands of proteins in dynamic assembling/de-assembling of TNF signaling complexes. Combining SWATH-MS-based network modeling and experimental validation, we found that when RIP1 level is below ~1000 molecules/cell (mpc), the cell solely undergoes TRADD-dependent apoptosis. When RIP1 is above ~1000 mpc, pro-caspase-8 and RIP3 are recruited to necrosome respectively with linear and nonlinear dependence on RIP1 amount, which well explains the co-occurrence of apoptosis and necroptosis and the paradoxical observations that RIP1 is required for necroptosis but its increase down-regulates necroptosis. Higher amount of RIP1 (>~46,000 mpc) suppresses apoptosis, leading to necroptosis alone. The relation between RIP1 level and occurrence of necroptosis or total cell death is biphasic. Our study provides a resource for encoding the complexity of TNF signaling and a quantitative picture how distinct dynamic interplay among proteins function as basis sets in signaling complexes, enabling RIP1 to play diverse roles in governing cell fate decisions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13238-020-00810-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of COVID-19 is related to thrombotic events. This study investigated prognostic risk factors, anticoagulant therapy effects, and potential instruction of treatment or prognostic with D-dimer in patients with severe COVID-19 receiving anticoagulant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We undertook a retrospective study of 87 severe COVID-19 patients who had prophylactic low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) therapy. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether high-flow oxygen therapy was required during hospitalization: Better and poor prognoses. RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression using risk factors measured before LMWH therapy revealed that older age (P < 0.035) and higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P = 0.002) had a prognostic value. Anticoagulant therapy yielded significant changes in CRP levels (P < 0.001), white blood cell counts (P = 0.001), neutrophil counts (P < 0.001), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios (P < 0.001), eosinophil counts (P = 0.031), and D-dimer levels (P < 0.001) in the better prognosis group and in D-dimer levels (P = 0.043) only in the poor prognosis group. Prognoses at different D-dimer levels at anticoagulant therapy initiation varied. Among 47 and 40 patients with D-dimer levels ≤4 and >4 μg/ml fibrin equivalent unit (FEU), 33 (70.6%) and 18 (45%) had better prognosis (P = 0.012), respectively. CONCLUSION: Anticoagulant therapy reduced inflammation in patients with better prognosis; conversely, minimal effect was observed in those with poor prognosis. During LMWH therapy patients with D-dimer levels, patients receiving anticoagulant therapy at D-dimer levels ≤4 μg/ml FEU had a better prognosis than those at >4 μg/ml FEU.

TPS476 Background: TST001 (osemitamab) is a high affinity recombinant humanized ADCC enhanced antibody that can specifically bind to the extracellular structure of claudin 18.2 protein and eliminate cancer cells by antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Pre-clinical studies have shown that TST001 has potent single agent anti-tumor activity and synergistic effect when used in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors in claudin 18.2 positive tumors. In the ongoing phase I/IIa clinical trial (NCT04495296), TST001 alone or in combination with capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) in the treatment of G/GEJ adenocarcinoma has revealed encouraging preliminary efficacy (IGCC 2022, ESMO 2022). The combination of TST001 with nivolumab (in 2nd/3rd line treatment) or nivolumab + standard of care chemotherapy (in 1st line) are being explored in the same study. Methods: Each cohort includes a dose escalation phase in CLDN18.2 non-selected patients and a dose expansion phase in CLDN18.2 positive patients, aiming to identify the recommended Phase 2 dose and evaluate the safety, tolerability and preliminary efficacy of TST001 in combination with nivolumab plus CAPOX or nivolumab in patients with G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. First line, treatment naïve patients with HER2 negative or unknown, locally advanced or metastatic G/GEJ adenocarcinoma will receive 21 days cycles of TST001 combined with CAPOX plus nivolumab until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity, with oxaliplatin for a maximum of 8 cycles and capecitabine per investigator’s discretion after that; 2nd or 3rd line patients with locally advanced or metastatic G/GEJ adenocarcinoma will receive 21 days cycles of TST001 combined with nivolumab. AEs will be categorized by CTCAE v5.0. Efficacy will be evaluated every 6 weeks per RECIST1.1. These two cohorts will be initiated in September 2022 from about 40 sites in China. Combinations with nivolumab are being explored in the US study too (NCT04396821). Clinical trial information: NCT04495296 .

Malaria is caused by infection of the erythrocytes by the parasites Plasmodium. Inside the erythrocytes, the parasites multiply via schizogony, an unconventional cell division mode. The Inner Membrane Complex (IMC), an organelle located beneath the parasite plasma membrane, serving as the platform for protein anchorage, is essential for schizogony. So far, complete repertoire of IMC proteins and their localization determinants remain unclear. Here we used biotin ligase (TurboID)-based proximity labelling to compile the proteome of the schizont IMC of rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii. In total, 300 TurboID-interacting proteins were identified. 19 of the 22 selected candidates were confirmed to localize in the IMC, indicating good reliability. In light of the existing palmitome of Plasmodium falciparum, 83 proteins of the P. yoelii IMC proteome are potentially palmitoylated. We further identified DHHC2 as the major resident palmitoyl-acyl-transferase of the IMC. Depletion of DHHC2 led to defective schizont segmentation and growth arrest both in vitro and in vivo. DHHC2 was found to palmitoylate two critical IMC proteins CDPK1 and GAP45 for their IMC localization. In summary, this study reports an inventory of new IMC proteins and demonstrates a central role of DHHC2 in governing IMC localization of proteins during the schizont development.

Malaria is caused by infection of the erythrocytes by the parasites Plasmodium. Inside the erythrocytes, the parasites multiply via schizogony, an unconventional cell division mode. The inner membrane complex (IMC), an organelle located beneath the parasite plasma membrane, serving as the platform for protein anchorage, is essential for schizogony. So far, the complete repertoire of IMC proteins and their localization determinants remain unclear. Here we used biotin ligase (TurboID)-based proximity labeling to compile the proteome of the schizont IMC of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii. In total, 300 TurboID-interacting proteins were identified. 18 of 21 selected candidates were confirmed to localize in the IMC, indicating good reliability. In light of the existing palmitome of Plasmodium falciparum, 83 proteins of the P. yoelii IMC proteome are potentially palmitoylated. We further identified DHHC2 as the major resident palmitoyl-acyl-transferase of the IMC. Depletion of DHHC2 led to defective schizont segmentation and growth arrest both in vitro and in vivo. DHHC2 was found to palmitoylate two critical IMC proteins CDPK1 and GAP45 for their IMC localization. In summary, this study reports an inventory of new IMC proteins and demonstrates a central role of DHHC2 in governing the IMC localization of proteins during the schizont development.

Long-term stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated in ambient conditions are highly desirable. However, the stable perovskite film has yet to be easily controlled in open air, especially emp...

At present, the anti-counterfeiting fibers are mainly monochromatic fluorescent fibers, dual-band fluorescent fibers, and multicolor segment dyed fibers. However, anti-counterfeiting fibers using only these several anti-counterfeiting methods are increasingly unable to meet the needs of anti-counterfeiting technology for high efficiency, greenness, and security. This paper studies the method of setting passwords using multi-bit sequence programming in the spinning process, and enables passwords to be effectively stored throughout the fiber production and sales chain. Because nanoscale metal inorganic salts and metal oxide powders have good dispersion, they can be well and uniformly dispersed in the spinning solution. In addition, metal elements can be relatively stable in the spinning process, providing the possibility of traceability of programmable passwords. Setting a password in this method can effectively improve the anti-counterfeiting performance of the fiber without affecting the basic properties of the fiber, and will help to develop new technology for tracking and identifying anti-counterfeit fibers.

Developing highly efficient and low-cost photocatalysts for overall water splitting has long been a pursuit for converting solar power into clean hydrogen energy. Herein, we demonstrate that a nonstoichiometric nickel-cobalt double hydroxide can achieve overall water splitting by itself upon solar light irradiation, avoiding the consumption of noble-metal co-catalysts. We employed an intensive laser to ablate a NiCo alloy target immersed in alkaline solution, and produced so-called L-NiCo nanosheets with a nonstoichiometric composition and O2- /Co3+ ions exposed on the surface. The nonstoichiometric composition broadens the band gap, while O2- and Co3+ ions boost hydrogen and oxygen evolution, respectively. As such, the photocatalyst achieves a H2 evolution rate of 1.7 μmol h-1 under AM 1.5G sunlight irradiation and an apparent quantum yield (AQE) of 1.38 % at 380 nm.