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Pollution of surface water by polar pesticides is a major environmental risk, particularly in river catchments where potable water supplies are abstracted. In these cases, there is a need to understand pesticide sources, occurrence and fate. Hence, we developed a novel strategy to improve water quality management at the catchment scale using passive sampling coupled to suspect screening and multivariate analysis. Chemcatcher® passive sampling devices were deployed (14 days) over a 12 month period at eight sites (including a water supply works abstraction site) in the Western Rother, a river catchment in South East England. Sample extracts (n = 197) were analysed using high-resolution liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and compounds identified against a commercially available database. A total of 128 pesticides from different classes were found. Statistical analysis of the qualitative screening data was used to identify clusters of pesticides with similar spatiotemporal pollution patterns. This enabled pesticide sources and fate to be identified. At the water supply works abstraction site, spot sampling and passive sampling were found to be complementary, however, the passive sampling method in conjunction with suspect screening detected 50 pesticides missed by spot sampling combined with targeted analysis. Geospatial data describing pesticide application rates was found to be poorly correlated to their detection frequency using the Chemcatcher®. Our analysis prioritised 61 pesticides for inclusion in a future water quality risk assessment at the abstraction site. It was also possible to design a seasonal monitoring programme to effectively characterise the spatiotemporal pesticide profiles within the catchment. A work flow of how to incorporate passive sampling coupled to suspect screening into existing regulatory monitoring is proposed. Our novel approach will enable water quality managers to target the mitigation (non-engineered actions) of pesticide pollution within the catchment and hence, to better inform drinking water treatment processes and save on operational costs.

The North East Simulation Trainee and Teaching Fellow Interest Group was established in 2018 to address the needs of all healthcare professionals in the North East of England, both undergraduate, and postgraduate, who are interested in simulation, medical education, human factors and patient safety. Simulation, as an educational and patient safety tool, is continuing to grow in popularity locally, and nationally. The pace of change is fast, and the ever-increasing landscape of simulation is becomingly more complex every year. Despite this, few are trained early in their careers in how to best deliver simulation activities, leading to large numbers of projects being replicated locally, and nationally. The goals of NESTFIG are to facilitate high quality simulation training across the region, in an effective and efficient format, focusing on trainees and teaching fellows, as the key players in upskilling the workforce, to better support local HCP development and transformation, and ultimately develop high quality, and safer, patient care. The website was launched on the 20th August 2020 to support trainees and teaching fellows starting their new roles. The rationale for an online pool of resources was in part due to the impact of COVID-19 pandemic limiting face-to-face training sessions, the geographic distance between centres in the North East, and to provide a central point to access resources at any time and facilitate continuous development over a one-off training intervention. The NESTFIG website provides learners with access to continuous professional development resources to structure their time during the year and within a lifelong career in simulation. It also hosts resources summarising several common topics in simulation, medical education and non-technical skills titled ‘As-sim-il-ate’ bite-size learning content, as well as an array of free to use resources developed with a user-experience focus. Despite promotion at a regional training session, and intermittent social-media promotional messages, uptake has remained low. This poster will present the website metrics up to the conference with user visits, most commonly accessed resources, and geographic distribution. This work may prove beneficial to provide an example for anyone wishing to create a similar web-based resource.

Pesticides present at trace concentrations are a common cause of poor water quality. Their concentrations can change dynamically, due to the stochastic nature of pesticide pollution. Consequently, characterisation of pesticide residues that are intermittently present, poses significant monitoring and analytical challenges. Traditional approaches rely on quantitation of a limited number of pesticides present in a discrete water sample. Expanding the analytical suite and/or the frequency of sampling to meet these challenges is often impractical. Comprehensive methods are needed, with selectivity and sensitivity for the hundreds of pesticides potentially present, and temporal representativeness to ensure changing conditions are understood, in order to identify and prioritise risk. Recent analytical advances have enabled the targeted screening of hundreds of compounds in the same run, and automated work-flows can now reliably identify compounds through the comparison of retention time and accurate mass with spectral libraries. Screening generates large qualitative data sets, therefore, there is a need for improved monitoring methods and data interpretation strategies to reduce the need for repetition, and increase the quality of information for end-users. Passive sampling is an in situ time integrative technique, increasingly used for monitoring pesticides in water. Here, we describe a method using the Chemcatcher® passive sampler, coupled to targeted screening using liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and a commercially available library. Statistical analysis was performed using Agilent Mass Profiler Professional software. Water sampling took place over one year, at three riverine sites in the south of England, UK. Statistical interpretation of time integrative data from passive sampling could distinguish regular and episodic pesticide inputs, and detected compounds neglected by routine monitoring methods. One hundred and eleven pesticides were identified including legacy and current use compounds with diverse origins and uses. Spatial and temporal trends were identified enabling prioritisation of seasonal monitoring at each site. This approach maximises the utility of qualitative assessment and may help water quality managers to rationalise pesticide fate in future, providing significant additional insight without the need to increase the scope and cost of monitoring.

The use of biologic-based therapeutics has revolutionized our ability to treat complex diseases such as cancer- and autoimmune-related disorders. Biologic-based therapeutics are known to generate anti-drug immune responses or immunogenicity in clinical patients which can lead to altered pharmacokinetics, decreased drug efficacy, and unwanted adverse clinical events. Assays designed to detect and assess anti-drug immune responses are used to help monitor patients and improve drug safety. Utilizing a tiered approach, screening assays are developed first to identify patients that are potentially positive for anti-drug-specific antibodies. Patients that screen positive are subjected to additional tiers of testing that include a confirmation assay to confirm the presence of expected anti-drug-specific antibodies, a titer assay to assess relative levels of anti-drug-specific antibodies, and, depending on the drug’s mechanism of action or concerns of adverse clinical reactions, further characterization such as drug neutralization and anti-drug antibody isotyping. This tiered approach can prove to be detrimental to clinical samples from exposure to multiple cycles of testing, freeze thaws, and repeated handling by lab personnel. Multiplexing some of these assays together may streamline the characterization of anti-drug immune responses and help reduce the repeated usage of clinical samples. In this study, we combined a screening assay and anti-drug isotyping assays into one multiplexed assay using the Luminex® xMAP® Technology. The multiplexed assay was developed and validated to meet the FDA recommended guidelines for immunogenicity assessments. These results show that multiplexed assays perform comparably to industry standards. This study should encourage labs to explore the use of multiplexing immunogenicity assays to characterize anti-drug antibody responses quickly, with less repeat testing and reduced sample handling.

Introduction: Fungal endocarditis comprises less than 2% of infective endocarditis, with Aspergillus causing less than 28% of fungal endocarditis. Fungal endocarditis should be suspected in immunocompromised patients with persistent fevers, negative blood cultures, and vegetation on echocardiography. Invasive Aspergillus can affect any organ, but typically begins in the respiratory tract. Mortality rates climb to 90% with signs of hematogenous spread, such as cerebral abscesses. Case Presentation: Patient is a 53-year-old female with a past medical history of Sweet syndrome and chronic pancreatitis. Patient was admitted for persistent fevers and confusion. Patient was tachycardic but normotensive with a temperature of 102.5 F. Labs included significantly elevated serum LDH and Beta-D-Glucan. Blood cultures remained negative. Lumbar puncture cultures were negative; CSF cytology revealed pleocytosis with positive Aspergillus galactomannan serum antigen. Head MRI revealed multiple peripherally enhancing supratentorial lesions and intracranial abscesses (largest 8.4 mm) with ventriculitis of lateral ventricles, right greater than left. Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) revealed mitral valve vegetation at A2 segment, no surrounding perivalvular abscess, minimal mitral regurgitation (MR). Management: Antibiotics were discontinued and patient was counseled on avoiding glucocorticoids. Patient was transferred to large tertiary center for Neurosurgery evaluation but was not candidate for biopsy/aspiration of the ring-enhancing lesions per Neurosurgery. Cardiothoracic Surgery was also consulted and patient was not a candidate for mitral valve replacement due to small size of vegetation without abscess and only mild MR. Voriconazole was continued and patient ultimately demonstrated a slow improvement in her strength and mental status over the next 6 months. Discussion: Mitral endocarditis from Aspergillus is rare but has a very high mortality rate. This case illustrates the importance of early recognition of systemic fungal infections in the setting of immunosuppression. Glucocorticoids and broad-spectrum antibiotics placed this patient at elevated risk for invasive Aspergillosis, which led to mitral endocarditis and subsequent cerebral abscesses from septic emboli.

Approaches towards habitat conservation and restoration often include supplementing or enhancing existing, degraded, or lost natural habitats. In aquatic environments, a popular approach towards habitat enhancement is the introduction of underwater human-made structures or artificial reefs. Despite the nearly global prevalence of artificial reefs deployed to enhance habitat, it remains debated whether these structures function similarly to comparable natural reefs. To help resolve this question, we conducted a literature review and accompanying meta-analysis of fish community metrics on artificial reefs within the coastal ocean and made comparisons with naturally-occurring reference reefs (rocky reefs and coral reefs). Our findings from a synthesis of 39 relevant studies revealed that, across reef ecosystems, artificial reefs support comparable levels of fish density, biomass, species richness, and diversity to natural reefs. Additional analyses demonstrated that nuances in these patterns were associated with the geographic setting (ocean basin, latitude zone) and artificial reef material. These findings suggest that, while artificial reefs can mimic natural reefs in terms of the fish assemblages they support, artificial reefs are not one-size-fits-all tools for habitat enhancement. Instead, artificial reefs should be considered strategically based on location-specific scientific assessments and resource needs to maximize benefits of habitat enhancement.

Students entering college are increasingly presenting with complex mental health conditions that negatively affect their college experiences. This mixed methods action research study was designed to assess the current level of faculty and staff member’s abilities with respect to, comfort with, and role in identifying and responding to students who exhibit signs of emotional distress (e.g., anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation). Specifically, this study was designed to evaluate faculty and staff understanding of skills, techniques, and resources that can support them in this work, identify an appropriate professional learning experience (i.e., intervention) to increase the level of comfort in this area, and evaluate the professional learning experience to determine its effectiveness to inform any changes that could be made to the experience to better meet the outcomes. Faculty and staff on college campuses provide an important resource for students, often serving as natural helpers in identifying and responding to students who may be experiencing emotional distress. These faculty and staff are often familiar with student’s behaviors, and can readily recognize changes in those behaviors and provide a direct response to the student, and important referral to clinical professional staff when necessary. This dissertation is a report of a mixed methods action research study that explores professional learning opportunities for faculty and staff aimed at positively impacting their ability to support students experiencing emotional distress. Findings indicate positive changes were made with regard to faculty and staff knowledge of strategies, understanding of their role, and perceived preparation for working with students experiencing emotional distress. Findings also suggest these professional learning opportunities may be useful in equipping faculty and staff to be better prepared to support these students and reduce the likelihood that these issues become more severe., Copyright © Christopher Taylor Lakes 2020

Introduction Within the debrief, it is up to the debrief-lead(s) to facilitate discussion within the group to encourage learners to reflect on the events from the scenario, in alignment with the learning objectives for the session. This can be influenced by group dynamics, individual learner personality types and the debrief-leads ability to promote engagement. Debrief discussions are personal to these groups and individuals, and it is difficult to maintain an accurate record of the content discussed without additional faculty, or gaining consent for recording and subsequent transcribing. Nominal group technique, provides a process to facilitate learners to reflect on actions, collate ideas collectively and weigh responses according to their needs without interference from a facilitator. These can be subsequently discussed in order and provide a lasting record learner prioritised responses. This project applied Nominal Group Technique within a debrief to better structure reflective learning. Methods After routine Foundation Year (FY) doctor simulation scenarios, participants were provided with a prompt sheet to facilitate a Nominal Group Technique focused debrief. Debrief-lead and participant contributions and perspectives were collected and later compared for similarity. Learning outcomes were compared against take-home messages. Focus groups were held to gather additional feedback about the prompt sheets and debrief discussions. Results 16 FY sessions were run with 2 simulations per session. From 62 participants, 58 prompt sheets were completed. Responses were reviewed with content analysis. There was more alignment between debrief-lead and participant positive, than negative, comments. 8 out of 10 learning outcomes aligned with themes identified in participant take home messages. From Debrief-lead reflections, common themes identified there was increased participant engagement from the entire debriefing groups with alignment of their learning, with increased confidence in facilitating reflection. This was reflected in participant focus-group feedback comments. Discussion Learners found the prompts sheets generally easy to use and could help facilitate the debrief process providing clearer structure for them. The debrief-lead felt better group contributions and a fairer distribution of responses. This process was not suited to all participants but many, namely the debrief-lead felt benefit from the structure it provided. Conclusion Nominal Group Debriefing can be easily incorporated into current practice and provides a valid mechanism to record debrief discussions. It supports learner-led reflection through content prioritisation, efficiently collating group contributions and clearly identifying take-home learner messages. It also allows for whole group contributions without relying on the debrief-lead and normalises the process. References CDC, C. f. D. C. a. P., 2018. Gaining Consensus Among Stakeholders Through the Nominal Group Technique. [Online] Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/evaluation/pdf/brief7.pdf [Accessed 6 May 2019]. Chowdhury, R. &. K. G., 2011. Learning to give feedback in medical education. The Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, 6(4), pp. 243–247. Humphrey, C., 2009. By the light of the tao. European Journal of Social Work, 12(3), pp. 377–390. Moon, J., 2004. A Handbook of Reflective and Experiential Learning. London: Routledge.

Background Across the North East of England, there a several centres delivering simulation-based education, and while they are aligned under the North East Simulation Network, there are few opportunities for simulation-orientated teaching fellows in each centre to meet, liaise and collaborate with others across the region. During these annual posts, individuals develop from novices to relatively experienced simulation faculty; the high turnover & thus ongoing training need of new fellows limits the continuing development of the region. By sharing experiences, both positive and challenging, the fellow interest group will allow members to develop their skills quicker, and continue to support their departments more efficiently, to help the region to develop. Programme NESTFIG allows simulation fellows to network across the region using a variety of applications to promote communication and troubleshooting support. The group has developed a programme of activities to support simulation fellow self-directed development with guidance around how each centre can facilitate their development, in alignment with ASPIH standards. Summary of results Having run for the last 18 months, the groups primary objective was to contact and support as many active simulation fellows across the region and has contacted all. The programme has provided support, in terms of late faculty calls, educational support and networking. The programme is continuing to develop and will be introducing an e-learning journal club style education programme to be completed early in the academic year. A regional support training course is also run within the first weeks of starting to quickly upskill fellows in scenario design and debriefing. Survey feedback is supportive of the project and identifies ongoing challenges simulation fellows face while in post and highlights the dynamic nature of the role. Discussion While success of the project is difficult to measure due to its multifactorial approach to support; it has enabled a new platform for communication and networking which did not previously exist for simulation fellows across a geographically large region. Based on feedback from the current cohort, the group is expanding and developing novel support strategies to meet demands. Conclusion and recommendations NESTFIG may provide a framework for other regions to establish their own simulation fellow support groups, which could work with the DESPIH SIG national network.

Introduction Gamification is becoming increasing utilised in technology-enhanced learning activities based on its success within business and management activities. There is general anxiety about adopting gamification into projects due to concerns over aesthetics and reliance on games. Gamification, done well, focuses on promoting learner-centred intrinsic motivation elements and enhance engagement and performance. This project utilised gamification to review the impact of points, leaderboards and badges on learner performance, feedback and perceptions of the activity. Method Over the course of 2 years during routine Foundation Year (FY) doctor simulations, candidates were randomised into intervention and control groups, with and without visible gamification elements respectively. Group sessions had between 2–8 participants depending on attendance and were randomly allocated. 8 sessions were run per cohort, with 2 cohorts per year for both FY1 and FY2 doctors. Scenarios covered a range of clinical scenarios with each cohort experiencing the same simulations for standardisation across years. Badges, representing learning outcomes were identified during the debrief. Points were awarded post-scenario by the debrief-lead based on subjective performance via Likert-scale scoring sheets. Groups were ranked on a leaderboard with team-names to maintain anonymity and published to learners after each cohort finished. Focus groups were held to review learner experiences. Results Feedback from 230 participants responses were collected over 2 years. Overall, gamification aware groups performed slightly better in leaderboard ranking compared to the unaware groups. Overall, learners subjective scores ranged from 68% to 94%, suggesting overall high performance of trainees and relative consistent marking from the debrief-lead. Learner feedback groups commented upon memorability of gamification aids and an element of fun. Discussion Gamification, when used appropriately, can have a significant impact on learner performance, improve scenario and debrief structure without negatively impacting on the experience of the session. It provides a novel method for reliably scoring and ranking learner performance across cohorts and year groups to increase feedback available, maintain records of activity and standards, while preserving learner anonymity and safety to undertake simulations. Conclusion Gamification, as a process, enhanced the scenario content overall, but the enhanced visual components and awareness of points, leaderboards and badges did improve learner performance, without negative effecting their experience or how they provided feedback. This project demonstrates one process for delivering a gamification designed simulation session. References Chou, Y.-K., 2016. Actionable Gamification: Beyond Points, Badges, and Leaderboards. 1st ed. s.l.:Lean Publishing. Fisher, R., 2016. Designing the simulation learning environment: An active engagement model. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 6(3), pp. 6–14. Pelletier, C. a. K. R., 2016. Playful Simulations Rather than Serious Games: Medical Simulation as a Cultural Practice. Games and Culture, 11(4), pp. 365–389. Rutledge, C. e. a., 2 018. Gamification in Action: Theoretical and Practical Considerations for Medical Educators. Academic Medicine, 93(7), pp. 1014–1020.

Level - Intermediate Background The Hero’s Journey is a common theme throughout many great and memorable stories. It is present in all great myths and legends and can be used as a framework to create dynamic and exciting narratives. As a novel framework for simulation content design and delivery, the Hero’s Journey can be used to transform learners into the main protagonists of their educational journey. This workshop is designed to inspire all in simulation to review how we create and deliver scenarios. Intended learning outcomes Understand what the Hero’s Journey is Apply the stages to simulation as a new design framework Discuss creating simulations using the Hero’s Journey Structure of workshop Delegates will spend the majority of the workshop in group discussions reviewing the stages of the Hero’s Journey and how this informs better simulation design 00–10 - discussion of favourite/most memorable stories from books/movies/theatre and common themes 10–50 - review of the Hero’s Journey, its parallels for simulation and how it may be applied as a framework for content delivery 50–60 - Feedback and discussion Educational methods to be used Facilitated group tasks Presentation with discussion Reference Campbell, J., 2008. The Hero with a Thousand Faces. s.l.:New World Library; Third Edition. Vogler, C., 2003. Excepts from Myth and the Movies, Stuart Voytilla. [Online] Available at: http://www.tlu.ee/~rajaleid/montaazh/Hero’s%20Journey%20Arch.pdf [Accessed 01 December 2018].

As there is a gap in the research in evaluating the relationship of hotel room sales with food and beverage (F&B) sales, this study focused on the differences in yearly sales of rooms and F&B revenue in hotels from 2011 to 2013. This study also focuses on the relationships between various hotel measurements (e.g., number of rooms, occupancy, average daily rate) and food and beverage sales in hotels. Ultimately, it addresses trends associated with hotel F&B and traveler demands that would potentially impact revenue. Finally, the study suggests that the relationship between food sales and beverage sales at hotel bars may be that the food typically sold in bars would be geared to increasing thirst. Ultimately, this study identified differences in yearly sales of rooms and food and beverages revenue in hotels. It also revealed relationships between various hotel measurements and identified if certain F&B services might hinder or cannibalize sales in other areas of food and beverage, which the findings suggest it does.

Background A reliable system for grading operative difficulty of laparoscopic cholecystectomy would standardise description of findings and reporting of outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate a difficulty grading system (Nassar scale), testing its applicability and consistency in two large prospective datasets. Methods Patient and disease-related variables and 30-day outcomes were identified in two prospective cholecystectomy databases: the multi-centre prospective cohort of 8820 patients from the recent CholeS Study and the single-surgeon series containing 4089 patients. Operative data and patient outcomes were correlated with Nassar operative difficultly scale, using Kendall’s tau for dichotomous variables, or Jonckheere–Terpstra tests for continuous variables. A ROC curve analysis was performed, to quantify the predictive accuracy of the scale for each outcome, with continuous outcomes dichotomised, prior to analysis. Results A higher operative difficulty grade was consistently associated with worse outcomes for the patients in both the reference and CholeS cohorts. The median length of stay increased from 0 to 4 days, and the 30-day complication rate from 7.6 to 24.4% as the difficulty grade increased from 1 to 4/5 (both p p Conclusion We have shown that an operative difficulty scale can standardise the description of operative findings by multiple grades of surgeons to facilitate audit, training assessment and research. It provides a tool for reporting operative findings, disease severity and technical difficulty and can be utilised in future research to reliably compare outcomes according to case mix and intra-operative difficulty.

Intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW) is an acute clinical weakness that occurs in approximately 50% of ICU patients and is directly attributable to their critical care stay where other causes of weakness have been excluded. The condition is characterized by diffuse limb and respiratory muscle weakness with a relative sparing of the cranial/facial muscles and the autonomic nervous system. Patients with ICUAW are classified into three conditions: critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP), critical illness myopathy (CIM) or critical illness neuromyopathy (CINM) based on clinical criteria and further defined by electrophysiological studies and muscle biopsies. ICUAW is often a manifestation of immobility or a systemic inflammatory response syndrome especially in long-term ventilated patients who have had systemic sepsis/multiorgan failure or exposure to high-dose corticosteroids, neuromuscular blockers or hyperglycaemia. It is associated with prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation, increased mortality/length of ICU stay and long term disability.

Approximately 20% of U.S. adults provide unpaid care to family members and friends with a health condition or disability, and 20% of caregivers reported being in fair or poor health themselves. Much of the assistance caregivers provide have cognitive components, such as medication or financial management, yet little is known about caregivers’ cognitive functioning. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), or self-reported worsening of memory over the past year, among caregivers could impact the quality of care they provide. This study assessed prevalence of SCD by caregiving status and, among caregivers, the distribution of sociodemographic and other characteristics by SCD status. The study included 93,851 community-dwelling adults aged ≥45 years in 22 states who completed both the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Cognitive Decline and Caregiving modules during 2015-2019. All data were weighted; comparisons are based on modified Rao-Scott chi-square tests (α=0.05). Among caregivers (n=21,238), 12.6% (95%CI:11.7-13.5) reported SCD, compared with 10.2% (95%CI:9.7-10.7) of non-caregivers (p

Our understanding of health has changed substantially since the World Health Organization initially defined health in 1948 as “a state of complete physical, mental and social and well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. These changes include reconceptualizing health on a continuum rather than as a static state, and adding existential health to physical, mental, and social well-being. Further, good health requires adaptation in coping with stress and is influenced by social, personal and environmental factors. Building on prior work, we propose a reconsidered 2020 definition: “Health is the dynamic balance of physical, mental, social, and existential well-being in adapting to conditions of life and the environment.” Health is dynamic, continuous, multidimensional, distinct from function, and determined by balance and adaptation. This new definition has implications for research, policies, and practice, with particular relevance for health considered within a context of disability and chronic conditions.

Rapid human development in coastal areas is introducing significant amounts of novel habitat and leading to widespread habitat simplification. To predict how species will respond to these changes, it is important to understand how organisms interact with novel habitats versus naturally existing habitats. In this study, we used traditional fish sampling gear (fyke nets and minnow traps) and a Dual-Frequency Identification Sonar (DIDSON) to conduct fish surveys along natural and modified estuarine shorelines in North Carolina, USA. The overall objective of our study was to investigate how fish abundance and other community metrics change as a function of shoreline type (natural marsh, living shoreline, or bulkhead), sampling location (marsh platform or the shallow subtidal area offshore of the structure), and time of day (day or night). Using fyke nets, we caught significantly more fish and recorded higher species richness on the marsh platform at living shorelines versus natural marsh shorelines. However, we found no significant differences in fish abundance in the shallow unvegetated habitats seaward of the different shoreline types, which may have been affected by low sampling efficiency and replication when sampled using minnow traps and the DIDSON. Our findings, in conjunction with similar studies, may reflect a localized shoreline effect where the nursery enhancement observed at living shoreline sites is restricted to the living component of the shoreline (i.e., the marsh). Additionally, the preliminary results from our limited daytime versus nighttime DIDSON sampling show no significant differences in fish detections. This contrasts with many previous studies using traditional fish sampling techniques that report substantially higher fish catches at night. This unexpected finding is worthy of additional research as it may suggest that traditional fish sampling techniques are underestimating fish abundances during the day, perhaps due to visual gear avoidance. Ultimately, a careful consideration of the social and ecological goals of any shoreline stabilization project is needed before choosing a final design; however, maximizing habitat restoration and limiting the use of artificial materials is likely to confer the greatest ecological benefit.

As species distribution models, and similar techniques, have emerged in marine ecology, a vast array of predictor variables have been created and diverse methodologies have been applied. Marine fish are vital food resources worldwide, yet identifying the most suitable methodology and predictors to characterize spatial habitat associations, and the subsequent distributions, often remains ambiguous. Our objectives were to identify knowledge gaps in fish guilds, identify research themes, and to determine how data sources, statistics, and predictor variables differ among fish guilds. Data were obtained from an international literature search of peer-reviewed articles (2007–2018; n = 225) and research themes were determined based on abstracts. We tested for differences in data sources and modeling techniques using multinomial regressions and used a linear discriminant analysis to distinguish differences in predictors among fish guilds. Our results show predictive studies increased over time, but studies of forage fish, sharks, coral reef fish, and other fish guilds remain sparse. Research themes emphasized habitat suitability and distribution shifts, but also addressed abundance, occurrence, stock assessment, and biomass. Methodologies differed by fish guilds based on data limitations and research theme. The most frequent predictors overall were depth and temperature, but most fish guilds were distinguished by their own set of predictors that focused on their specific life history and ecology. A one-size-fits-all approach is not suitable for predicting marine fish distributions. However, given the paucity of studies for some fish guilds, researchers would benefit from utilizing predictors and methods derived from more commonly studied fish when similar habitat requirements are expected. Overall, the findings provide a guide for determining predictor variables to test and identifies novel opportunities to apply non-spatial knowledge and mechanisms to models.